EP4115173A1 - Antennes a? capteurs de type clusters ioniques - Google Patents
Antennes a? capteurs de type clusters ioniquesInfo
- Publication number
- EP4115173A1 EP4115173A1 EP21707743.7A EP21707743A EP4115173A1 EP 4115173 A1 EP4115173 A1 EP 4115173A1 EP 21707743 A EP21707743 A EP 21707743A EP 4115173 A1 EP4115173 A1 EP 4115173A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- sensor
- sensitive layer
- functional
- sensor according
- transducer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
- G01N27/023—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance where the material is placed in the field of a coil
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
- G01N33/0009—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment
- G01N33/0027—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector
- G01N33/0036—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector specially adapted to detect a particular component
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
- B01L3/50—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes
- B01L3/502—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures
- B01L3/5027—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip
- B01L3/502715—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip characterised by interfacing components, e.g. fluidic, electrical, optical or mechanical interfaces
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N22/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of microwaves or radio waves, i.e. electromagnetic waves with a wavelength of one millimetre or more
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
- G01N33/0009—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment
- G01N33/0027—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector
- G01N33/0036—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector specially adapted to detect a particular component
- G01N33/0047—Organic compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L2300/00—Additional constructional details
- B01L2300/06—Auxiliary integrated devices, integrated components
- B01L2300/0627—Sensor or part of a sensor is integrated
- B01L2300/0636—Integrated biosensor, microarrays
Definitions
- TITLE Ion cluster type sensor antennas
- the invention relates to the field of detecting the presence of volatile compounds.
- the invention relates more particularly to the detection of volatile compounds by means of a wireless sensor.
- VOCs Volatile Organic Compounds
- the detection of VOCs began in the 1960s by demonstrating the affinity of metal oxides with certain VOCs.
- the development of sensors based on the use of metal oxides was seen as essential in the monitoring of the environment, the control of chemical transformation processes, the safety of people, etc.
- Their study has contributed to the development of numerous manufacturing processes using metal oxide nanostructures of various geometries, such as nanoparticles, nanowires, nanowires and nanotubes whose dimension remains in the nanometric order. Due to the high surface-to-mass ratio, nanostructured metal oxides benefit from a strong interaction with the surrounding atmosphere and certain types of gases.
- their detection efficiency being strongly related to the complexity of manufacturing the sensitive layer, this makes these sensors expensive and limits their potential for use and deployment.
- a gas sensor of the prior art is composed of a selective sensitive layer and a transducer.
- the sensitive layer of the detector is at the heart of the device. It is this which is directly concerned by the phenomenon of sorption of the various gases.
- There are many types of sensitive layers ensuring the detection of gas molecules. This detection can be more or less selective. Selectivity is reflected in the capacity of the sensitive layer to adsorb or absorb one or more volatile species.
- the existing sensitive layers are associated with a wide range of materials with specific properties. They are classified according to their chemical composition and divided into several categories such as metal / metal-oxide or polymeric nanostructures and organic-inorganic composites. With regard to this last category, it is the MOF (Metal-Organic Frameworks) technology, which today meets with real success.
- MOF Metal-Organic Frameworks
- the sensitive layers presented above allow the detection of many constituents present in the atmosphere, such as ammonia, hydrogen disulphite, nitrogen oxide, water, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide , hydrochloric acid, as well as organic compounds (VOCs) including solvents and pathogens, hydrocarbons, etc.
- Conductive polymers have a strong affinity with VOCs, however the water naturally present in the environment destabilizes the sensitive layer, thus limiting the sensitivity of sensors using polymer technology.
- inorganic metal oxide gas sensors such as tungsten oxide (WO 3 ), zinc oxide (ZnO), tin dioxide (SnO 2 ), titanium dioxide (TiO 2) ), iron oxides (Fe2O 3 / Fe304) and silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ), are linked to a variable stoichiometry of oxygen and to their surface electrical activity, increasing their detection capacity.
- Metal oxide gas sensors generally operate at high temperatures (200-400 ° C), which can lead to drifts due to oxidation of the reference electrode. Despite a high sensitivity, the implementations and applications of such sensors therefore remain limited in spite of everything. Their technological development is confronted with the properties of the sensitive organic layer which is at the same time not very stable and which has a strongly limited electrical conductivity during operation at high temperature. Finally, the complexity of their implementation ultimately prevents low-cost industrialization.
- nanocomposites combining two classes of materials makes it possible, as an alternative, to obtain gas sensors with improved and efficient levels of detection. Indeed, the design of nanocomposites seems to remedy the stability problems due to the synergistic effects of the organic / inorganic base.
- transducer During the sorption of gases on the sensitive layer of the sensor, certain physicochemical properties such as complex impedance, electrical conductivity, thermal or optical characteristics are found to be modified.
- the transducer has a central role in that it must convert a physicochemical change into a measurable quantity.
- the use of an appropriate transducer for each type of physicochemical variation is therefore very important in order to ensure the appropriate detection and requires a suitable design for the precise measurement of this variation.
- the invention does not have these drawbacks of the prior art. More particularly, the invention relates to a sensor for the detection of volatile compounds or gases, comprising a transducer comprising: a planar resonator comprising a plurality of metal tracks, on a printed circuit, of the coplanar type; a sensitive layer deposited on a predetermined portion of said resonator; said sensitive layer being configured so that the presence of a volatile compound or of a gas to be detected involves a modification of the permittivity of the sensitive layer resulting in a modification of the characteristics of said sensor when it is supplied with electricity.
- a transducer comprising: a planar resonator comprising a plurality of metal tracks, on a printed circuit, of the coplanar type; a sensitive layer deposited on a predetermined portion of said resonator; said sensitive layer being configured so that the presence of a volatile compound or of a gas to be detected involves a modification of the permittivity of the sensitive layer resulting in a modification of the characteristics of said
- the power supply belongs to the group comprising: a direct current (DC) power supply; a radio frequency (RF) power supply;
- the senscillator takes the form of a communicating “senscillator”, comprising a passively reconfigurable two-port antenna, integrated into a loop oscillator.
- the loop oscillator comprises an amplifier using a field effect or bipolar transistor supplied with direct current.
- such a sensor can pass from an inactive state (in the event of the absence of a volatile compound to be detected) to an active state (generating the emission of an electromagnetic signal) which can be the subject of a capture.
- the sensitive layer comprises molecular precursors of predetermined materials.
- the molecular precursors based on metal clusters of materials comprise units with octahedral clusters with capped faces of the type: in which: M includes W (tungsten) or Mo (molybdenum);
- X 1 includes Cl (Chlorine) or Br (Bromine) or I (Iodine);
- L a includes F (Fluorine), X, functional acetates, functional phosphines, functional sulfates, NCS, H 2 O, OFI, or any other donor ligand.
- the molecular precursors based on metallic clusters of materials comprise units with octahedral clusters with bridged edges of the type:
- M includes Nb (Niobium) or Ta (Tantalum);
- X 1 includes Cl (Chlorine) or Br (Bromine) or I (Iodine);
- L a includes F, X, functional acetates, functional phosphines, functional sulfates, NCS, H 2 O, OFI, or any other donor ligand.
- the molecular precursors based on metal clusters of materials comprise units of the octahedral cluster type:
- X 1 includes Cl (Chlorine) or Br (Bromine) or I (Iodine).
- the invention also relates to a system characterized in that it comprises at least one sensor as defined above.
- such a system further comprises at least one device for measuring an electromagnetic signal emitted by said at least one sensor.
- FIG. 1 already presented, describes the operation of a gas sensor according to the prior art
- FIG. 2 shows the general principle of the invention
- FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of an antenna sensor
- FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of an antenna sensor with an improved quality factor
- FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a passively reconfigurable closed loop oscillator
- FIG. 6 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a communicating “senscillator”, an antenna with two passively reconfigurable ports and integrated into a loop oscillator
- FIG. 7 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a passively reconfigurable power divider.
- FIG. 8 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a system comprising a combination of sensors illustrated in the exemplary embodiments.
- An object of the invention is to provide a sensor of volatile compounds (gas, solvent) of small dimensions ensuring precise detection with high selectivity over a wide range of gaseous molecules while being directly communicating with its environment, operating at ambient temperature. , all at low cost.
- the proposed technique allows the detection and distinction of gas molecules by a device of reduced dimensions with increased sensitivity respecting selectivity and ensuring the direct transmission of measurements (wireless communicating sensors).
- the general principle of the invention consists in providing a resonator (microwave), comprising predetermined characteristics, with a layer of at least one specific material, thus delivering an element transducer to be detected towards microwave frequency.
- This material is previously selected so that it interacts with a range of elements to be detected (for example a predetermined set of gases or volatile compounds).
- This interaction has the consequence of modifying the characteristics of the transducer (and consequently the microwave characteristics). These modified characteristics are measured and reveal, where appropriate, the presence of one or more types of elements (depending on the number of specific materials of the transducer).
- the invention relates generally to the production of a particular resonator to which is added a sensitive layer, which delivers a microwave transducer (also called an antenna sensor).
- the resonator (Res) is supplied via an adequate supply.
- a layer (LYR) of specific material based on a metallic cluster cluster, for example
- the resonator has at this stage reference resonance characteristics.
- a volatile compound (Comp) is present, this compound alters the properties of the sensitive layer (LYR), resulting in a modification of the resonator characteristics of the resonator (RES), and therefore detection of the presence of the compound (Comp ) by detection of change of these resonance characteristics: we go from reference resonance characteristics to current, different resonance characteristics.
- An indirect measurement of the presence of the volatile compound is therefore carried out.
- an object of the present is to use the surface and signal transduction properties from active surfaces modified by molecular ion deposits. To do this, we use clusters as a sensitive layer.
- this antenna sensor is based on a sensitive layer based on molybdenum clusters.
- Other clusters such as tungsten or niobium, or even tantalum clusters can be used, depending on the ranges of volatile compounds to be detected.
- the layer is deposited for example by a pneumatically assisted electro-nebulization technique (electrospray).
- the clusters can be hexahedral or octahedral, depending on the formulation chosen.
- a sensitive layer can include a plurality of different types of clusters, in order to allow detection of several ranges of different elements.
- the antenna sensor which is the subject of the present document is distinguished from the solutions of the prior art: by the plural interactions of the molecules to be detected with the active surface (sensitive layer); by the nature of the signal transduction directly associated with the activity of the active layer; and by the wireless mode of transmission of chemical information (indirect detection).
- the operation of these sensors is in fact based on the polarizability of the various cluster patterns (for example molybdenum cluster, tungsten cluster, etc.) deposited on the sensitive surface.
- the sorption of the molecules captured (solvents, gas, etc.) causes the modification of the polarization of the cluster units, inducing a modification of the permittivity of the active layer, and consequently a modification of the microwave characteristics of the transducer.
- the permittivity of the active layer changes as a function of the presence or absence of compounds to be detected.
- the inventors have determined that a dielectric permittivity close to 4.5 characterizes saturation of the sensitive layer by the element or elements to be detected.
- the antenna sensor of the invention is configured so that, when it is manufactured, the dielectric permittivity is around 2.5. This dielectric permittivity value is obtained by depositing a sensitive layer based on cluster materials of a predetermined thickness (for example 18 ⁇ m thick).
- the antenna sensor comprises, in its simplest form, a transducer, of predetermined shape, as required; and a sensitive layer to be deposited on a portion specifically defined of the transducer.
- the sensor is powered (by an RF generator or a DC source or any other suitable device).
- the power supply causes the transducer to radiate at at least one predetermined frequency (for example around 30 GHz) with specific characteristics (for example coefficients of reflection Su, transmission S 21 as well as a predetermined gain).
- the characteristics for example coefficients of reflection Su, transmission S 21 and gain coefficients
- These characteristics can be measured to determine the presence or absence of one or more volatile compounds or predetermined gases (advanced system) or the radiation can be used in a more basic way to generate a visual alert (simplified system).
- the device for measuring these characteristics may or may not be integrated into the sensor itself, depending on the modes of implementation. However, to promote lower cost production of the sensors, it is possible to have a measuring device independent of the sensor itself.
- the interactions between molecules captured and the cluster motifs are of different types: hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interaction and potentially chemical reactivity.
- the part of chemical modification of the sensitive layer being almost non-existent with regard to the sorption effects, these sensors are reusable.
- the sensor can be reconditioned: to reach saturation, the replacement of the sensitive layer is simple, fast and inexpensive, thanks to an “electrospray” type technique in order to redeposit a layer of nanosensors thus making it possible to regenerate the antenna sensor.
- the determination of the nature of the molecule attached to the surface of the active layer is carried out for example through the simultaneous measurement of different parameters complementary: reflection coefficient Su, transmission coefficient S 21 and gain.
- the tests carried out, in particular of the indicative embodiments described below, make it possible to conclude that there is good detectability, in particular of the compounds: acetonitrile, ethanol, methanol, propanol, in particular by measuring the reflection coefficient S 11 which makes it possible to distinguish the different compounds.
- the originality of the engineering of the antenna sensors which are the subject of the present disclosure consists in the fact that these chemical sensors are designed from molecular precursors based on metal clusters of materials with specific properties (for example halide clusters. molybdenum), the reactivity of which towards gaseous molecules at atmospheric pressure has been previously revealed using chemical analyzes by mass spectrometry, before the shaping of the sensitive surface. More particularly, for clusters with capped faces in which:
- M includes W (tungsten) or Mo (molybdenum);
- X includes Cl (Chlorine) or Br (Bromine) or I (Iodine);
- L includes F (Fluorine), X, functional acetates, functional phosphines, functional sulphates, NCS, H 2 O, OFI, or any other donor ligand,
- the polarization increases in the order: and other electron withdrawing groups.
- M includes Nb (Niobium) or Ta (Tantalum);
- X includes Cl (Chlorine) or Br (Bromine) or I (Iodine);
- L includes F, X, acetate, NCS, H2O, OH, or any other donor ligand.
- the direct association of the nanosensors in the form of an active layer with the microwave transducer ensures, on the one hand, better sensitivity and selectivity to the nature of the volatile compound or the polluting gas and, on the other hand, greater reactivity associated with a direct transmission of information without having to go through a related antenna system, or even by a wired connection (thus facilitating industrialization and lowering the cost of the sensor) and neither by an additional electronic implementation on the sensor. -same.
- This autonomous antenna sensor also operates at ambient temperature and in the millimeter range (around 30 GHz), thus giving it reduced dimensions (active area of a few mm 2 ) for optimal integration in a system using in particular the frequency bands linked to the deployment of the 5G network.
- One of the particular advantages of the invention is that the proposed antenna sensor does not require a data processing processor.
- the transducer when it is defined, is shaped to promote electromagnetic radiation: the objective is to create a characteristic distribution of the signal so that it can be recognized (identified) according to the detection or not of one or more several chemical or organic compounds or elements.
- a family of transducers associated with a sensitive layer providing direct and wireless transmission of information is described. These transducers are covered with an inorganic layer based on molybdenum clusters, sensitive to a range of solvents (methanol, ethanol, propanol, acetonitrile, etc.).
- solvents methanol, ethanol, propanol, acetonitrile, etc.
- a granular morphology of the sensitive layer is favored, thus optimizing the specific surface of the sensitive layer, and therefore the surface exchanges between the solvent vapors and the sensitive layer: the granular layer ensures that the compounds to be detecting will be in contact with a larger developed surface of the sensitive layer, which increases the detection sensitivity, since the interactions between the sensitive layer and the components to be detected increase.
- the reactivity of the sensor follows the following operation: first, the solvent present in the surrounding atmosphere is adsorbed on the sensitive layer. This first effect causes a first shift in the operating frequency of the device on which the active layer is deposited due to the modification of the relative permittivity undergone by the latter.
- a chemical reaction occurs by the substitution of the chlorinated ligands (Cl) by the species (OCH 3 ) - due to the reactivity of the [Mo 6 CI i 8Cl 6 ] 2- clusters. Interactions with molecules such as methanol are more linked to interactions with clusters deposited on the active surface.
- the electromagnetic characteristics of the device (Su, S 21 , gain, etc.) being directly related to its direct environment (ie the physicochemical characteristics of the sensitive layer) its performance is therefore modified and is sensitive to the nature of the solvent interacting with the active layer (selectivity of the sensor).
- models of transducers have been designed such as microwave dipole resonators, printed on a standard dielectric substrate and are presented below as exemplary embodiments of the present technique. , without these embodiments being considered as limiting.
- Figure 3 shows a rectangular radiating element formed of six resonators.
- the transducer / antenna is powered by a 50 Ohm line.
- the radiating element is coated with a layer of sensitive material based on clusters [Mo 6 CI i 8CIa 6 ] 2- deposited by electrospray.
- the modification of the relative permittivity by the adsorption of a reactant pollutant causes a shift in the working frequency from fl to f2.
- the radiation patterns are also modified. This radiating element made it possible in particular to characterize, according to the invention, the permittivity of the active layer.
- the transducer in this exemplary embodiment is based on a combination of dipole resonators.
- the use of microstrip (or coplanar) technology makes it possible to increase the coupling of the electromagnetic field with the active layer deposited on the surface of the transducer.
- the communicating transducer is printed on a 254 ⁇ m thick substrate (PTFE composite reinforced with glass microfibers) with an 18 ⁇ m thick copper metallization.
- the 2.85mm x 3.37mm rectangular radiator ( Figure 3) is formed from six copper strips 220 ⁇ m in width, the center spacing is 330 ⁇ m followed to the right and left by a spacing of 167 ⁇ m, the last spacing is 230 ⁇ m.
- the transducer / antenna is powered by a copper line of 50 Ohm impedance and 770 ⁇ m wide.
- the following table shows the dimensions of the transducer in this first exemplary embodiment.
- Table 2 dimensions of the communicating transducer (in mm) - Configuration n ° l
- the senor is supplied for example using an RF generator or another device making it possible to obtain similar results.
- the power supply can be constant or else carried out as needed (for example periodic detection phase).
- FIG. 4 presents a new concept of communicating transducer making it possible to improve the quality factor Q associated with the specific resonance of the device.
- the communicating transducer is a rectangular resonant radiating cavity of 4.19 mm c 6.7 mm.
- the upper reflector is digitally designed to show a strong impedance on the outside and weak in the center with the idea of favoring the transverse propagation of the wave within the cavity.
- a quarter-wave adaptation of inverse elliptical geometry is placed at the input of the system.
- the indicative dimensions are presented in the following table.
- the communicating transducer is powered by a 50 Ohm line 770 ⁇ m wide.
- Table 3 dimensions of the communicating transducer (in mm) - Configuration n ° 2
- the Q factor having been improved, it shows a strong potential difference in the electric and magnetic fields. This difference between high extreme values results in a resonance factor (Q factor) of very good quality.
- the Q factor of this communicating transducer generates better sensitivity compared to the communicating transducer 1 of about 500%.
- the bare communicating transducer in this configuration # 2 resonates at two frequencies in the 24-34 GHz band. A first resonance at 30.52 GHz with
- -21.1 dB and a second resonance present at 33.26 GHz with
- -8.3 dB.
- -29.8 dB.
- the second resonance goes to 31.74 GHz for an adaptation of -6.8 dB.
- -13.3 dB and the second resonance at 30.41 GHz with
- -3.8 dB.
- the senor is supplied for example using an RF generator or another device making it possible to obtain similar results.
- the power supply can be constant or else carried out as needed (for example periodic detection phase).
- FIG. 5 shows a schematic description of a passively reconfigurable loop oscillator.
- This oscillator consists of an amplifier using a field effect transistor or bipolar supplied with direct current (DC). Naked, it does not radiate and operates at a frequency close to 30.45 GHz.
- This oscillator after depositing the active layer on the interdigitated capacitors, operates at a frequency close to 22 GHz.
- This oscillator allows the generation of a microwave signal when it is associated with an antenna. Subjected to one or more volatile compounds or predetermined gases, its working frequency increases. The sensitive layers are deposited in [A] and [B]
- the supply of the sensor is for example carried out with direct current (battery, cell) or other devices making it possible to obtain a direct current supply.
- the power supply can be constant or else carried out as needed (for example periodic detection phase).
- FIG 6 shows a passively reconfigurable two (2) port antenna integrated into a loop oscillator, called a communicating “senscillator”.
- Senscillator is a compound word from the Greek describing here the "sense” of olfactory type, touch, etc. and ⁇ a.si.le ⁇ or ⁇ a.si.je ⁇ describing the current swing mechanism, "oscillate” leading to the description of the word “oscillator” mechanism.
- Sens and Oscillator describe the term senscillator and its technological limits.
- This oscillator consists of an amplifier using a field effect or bipolar transistor supplied with direct current (DC).
- the radiating element [A] is coated with the active layer.
- a phase shift between the inlet and the outlet of the device causes the following operating scenarios:
- the loop is designed so that after integration of the communicating sensor, it oscillates at 29 GHz.
- the work consists of compensating for the phase effect added by the integrated communicating transducer.
- the S parameters after the addition of the communicating transducer with 2 ports change.
- at 29.48 GHz is -5.2 dB
- S221 is -10.1 dB
- the phase of the circuit displays 378 ° representing a slight frequency shift. The gain went from 4 dB previously to 0.2 dB. [Table 5]
- a radiation pattern provides additional information about the state of the sensitive layer.
- This diagram can be used in the calibration phase for example, but it is not necessary to have it available for a simplified version of implementation within a system.
- the supply of the sensor is for example carried out with direct current (battery, cell) or other devices making it possible to obtain a direct current supply.
- the power supply can be constant or else carried out as needed (for example periodic detection phase).
- the circuit of Figure 7 is a microwave power divider circuit.
- the input adaptation must be ensured as a function of the ratio R.
- the modification of the division ratio generates a modification of the input adaptation of the device.
- Figure 7 shows a circuit with one input and two outputs, with three cavities, each having an overall area equal to
- the central cavity is made up of a 100 Ohm microstrip line to increase the coupling effects between the resonators at a frequency of around 30 GHz.
- the circuit becomes asymmetrical, and makes it possible to control the power ratio R. It should be noted that the The proposed power divider remains suitable whatever the permittivity used in the interval between 1 and 4.5 while modifying the division ratio R of the power divider.
- this passively reconfigurable power divider allows the control of the power division while remaining adapted.
- the division of the power can be modified by the presence of the agent to be detected.
- the reconfigurable asymmetric divider can be associated with an array of printed antennas in order to make its radiation pattern agile (change of aperture at -3 dB for example).
- the sensor is supplied for example using an RF generator or another device making it possible to obtain similar results.
- the power supply can be constant or else carried out as needed (for example periodic detection phase).
- One or more sensors such as those presented above can be implemented within a system comprising on the one hand an assembly comprising at least one sensor and an assembly comprising at least one network or spectrum analyzer.
- the analyzer is in charge of measuring predetermined parameters (equivalent to the parameters S previously described for the network analyzer or else of the radiation frequency for the spectrum analyzer).
- a system that is the subject of the invention comprises a communicating “senscillator” (for example that of FIG. 6, or any other communicating “senscillator” of the same type).
- a communicating “sensor” is supplied with direct current. When such a power supply is produced at the input and no gas is detected, the “sensor” is in the OFF state (initial state) because the looping state is not achieved.
- the sensitive layer When there is the presence of one or more volatile compounds or predetermined gases, the sensitive layer is altered and the scintillator operates (because the looping state is achieved due to the alteration of the sensitive layer) and it radiates at a frequency F1 (F1 depending for example on the volatile compound (s) detected).
- a receiving antenna (for example electrically not supplied in this exemplary embodiment) which converts the microwave signal F1 into a DC signal which powers one or more LEDs of predetermined color: the color may advantageously be representative of the volatile compound (s) detected, the voltage (DC) produced or the quantity of current produced being able to for example depending on the frequency F1 and therefore on the volatile compound (s) identified. A visual alarm is thus simply triggered.
- the system of the invention is therefore very inexpensive and very efficient and does not require special computing resources.
- receiving antennas and / or device for receiving the signals emitted by the communicating sensors presented can also be implemented as required, for example by analyzing the electromagnetic fields emitted by the sensors with sensitive layers of the invention.
- FIG. 8 Such a system, according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, is described in relation to FIG. 8.
- a system comprising a combination of sensors illustrated in the exemplary embodiments.
- the various embodiments of the sensors presented above are assembled in such a way as to produce a specific sensor “system” (SCS), making it possible to meet particular needs in terms of generation of flow diagrams. antennas for example.
- SCS sensor subsystem
- a three (3) port power divider (DP) (corresponding to the divider example of FIG. 7): in the event of detection of a volatile organic compound, this sensor divides the distributed power asymmetrically;
- Two (2) antennas (A1P) at one (1) port (as shown in figure 4): in the event of detection of a volatile organic compound, the natural frequency of the antenna modifies the radiated power;
- A2P Two antennas (A2P) with two (2) ports (as shown in figure 4, also with a series connection): these antennas act as a filter and an antenna, in case of detection of organic compound volatile and modifies the natural frequency of the antenna and the transmission coefficient S21.
- An oscillator (example in FIG. 5): in the event of detection of a volatile organic compound, modifies the natural frequency of the oscillator which can go as far as extinction.
- an autonomous radiating sensor in case of detection of volatile organic compound, modifies the natural frequency of the oscillator which can go as far as extinction, at the same time modifies the radiated power thus than the radiation frequency.
- a set of combinable sensors is proposed. suitable for 50 Ohm.
- Other types of transducer can then be used under the condition of respecting the operating frequency as well as the port impedance standardized at 50 Ohm.
- the advantage of this type of combination lies in the increase in sensitivity by the cascade effect.
- the generator generates a wave at a natural frequency fo, when a volatile organic compound is adsorbed on the sensitive layer, the frequency presented to the power divider changes from fo to f.
- the harmonic f is then transmitted to the power divider which when a C.O.V. adsorbs on its active layer becomes asymmetrical and makes it possible to operate a supply bias between the two outputs.
- the power supply to the connected antenna arrays is then asymmetrical.
- the adsorption of volatile organic compound on the sensitive layers of the antennas will modify the power accepted at the frequency f, thus reducing the radiated power.
- the combination of the sensors then makes it possible to obtain a very high gain in sensitivity.
- each element of the system captures the same type of compound.
- each sensor of such a system can optionally be configured to detect a particular volatile organic compound, among a given range of compounds.
- ACS combinatorial antenna sensor system
- Such an overall detection system comprises: an antenna sensor system, at least one signal capture device emitted by the antenna sensor system, the transmitted signal capture device delivering data representative of signals captured (for example images of diagrams of 'antennas), these representative data can be obtained at different times (more or less regular time intervals, or in particular measurement situations). These representative data are then transmitted to an automated interpretation device (for example based on automated learning of the “machine learning” type).
- This automated interpretation device has been pre-trained to recognize, based on the representative data transmitted to it, the presence or absence of volatile organic compounds.
- a calibration of the system is for example carried out in advance, in a laboratory or in an industrial environment, to identify the presence of one or more types of C.O.V.
- the data necessary for the recognition i.e. model
- the data necessary for the recognition are directly implemented in the automated interpretation system for it to be operational.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2002272A FR3107960A1 (fr) | 2020-03-06 | 2020-03-06 | Antennes à capteurs de type clusters ioniques |
| PCT/EP2021/055080 WO2021175796A1 (fr) | 2020-03-06 | 2021-03-01 | Antennes à capteurs de type clusters ioniques |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| EP4115173A1 true EP4115173A1 (fr) | 2023-01-11 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| EP21707743.7A Withdrawn EP4115173A1 (fr) | 2020-03-06 | 2021-03-01 | Antennes a? capteurs de type clusters ioniques |
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| Country | Link |
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| US (1) | US20230112155A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP4115173A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3107960A1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2021175796A1 (fr) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US4385516A (en) * | 1981-02-19 | 1983-05-31 | Uffelman Malcolm R | System for the detection of the presence of a predetermined chemical vapor distributed in the atmosphere |
| US5179264A (en) * | 1989-12-13 | 1993-01-12 | International Business Machines Corporation | Solid state microwave powered material and plasma processing systems |
| KR20150086750A (ko) * | 2014-01-20 | 2015-07-29 | 한국전자통신연구원 | 칼코겐 기체 모니터링 장치 |
| FR3018973B1 (fr) * | 2014-03-20 | 2018-05-25 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Communication radio utilisant des antennes accordables et un appareil d'accord d'antenne |
| US20180003677A1 (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2018-01-04 | Intel Corporation | Piezoelectric package-integrated chemical species-sensitive resonant devices |
| KR102861875B1 (ko) * | 2018-01-04 | 2025-09-19 | 라이텐, 인코포레이티드 | 공진 가스 센서 |
| JP2019124687A (ja) * | 2018-01-15 | 2019-07-25 | ローム アンド ハース エレクトロニック マテリアルズ エルエルシーRohm and Haas Electronic Materials LLC | 音波センサおよび気相分析物を検知する方法 |
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- 2021-03-01 WO PCT/EP2021/055080 patent/WO2021175796A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2021-03-01 EP EP21707743.7A patent/EP4115173A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2021-03-01 US US17/909,563 patent/US20230112155A1/en active Pending
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| FR3107960A1 (fr) | 2021-09-10 |
| WO2021175796A1 (fr) | 2021-09-10 |
| US20230112155A1 (en) | 2023-04-13 |
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