EP4044369A1 - Printed antenna for receiving and/or transmitting radio frequency signals - Google Patents

Printed antenna for receiving and/or transmitting radio frequency signals Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4044369A1
EP4044369A1 EP21383075.5A EP21383075A EP4044369A1 EP 4044369 A1 EP4044369 A1 EP 4044369A1 EP 21383075 A EP21383075 A EP 21383075A EP 4044369 A1 EP4044369 A1 EP 4044369A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
radio frequency
frequency signals
receiving
active element
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP21383075.5A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jesus Ricart Fernandez
Alba Maria GALLARDO FERNÁNDEZ
Javier Pazos Losada
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Televes SA
Original Assignee
Televes SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Televes SA filed Critical Televes SA
Publication of EP4044369A1 publication Critical patent/EP4044369A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/30—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole
    • H01Q9/40—Element having extended radiating surface
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/28—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using a secondary device in the form of two or more substantially straight conductive elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/28—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using a secondary device in the form of two or more substantially straight conductive elements
    • H01Q19/32—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using a secondary device in the form of two or more substantially straight conductive elements the primary active element being end-fed and elongated

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a printed antenna for receiving and/or transmitting radio frequency signals, as claimed in claim number 1.
  • the traditional antennas are comprised of a dipole-like active element, which is a balanced element and which must be connected to an unbalanced element, such as a coaxial cable, or the input of an amplifier (usually via a microstrip line).
  • an unbalanced element such as a coaxial cable, or the input of an amplifier (usually via a microstrip line).
  • This connection implies the need to make an impedance transformation by means of a balun ( balanced to unbalanced ) type device, be this a discrete component or by means of a printed element.
  • Such impedance transformations are performed by resonant structures, i.e. impedance transformations through lines with a length of ⁇ /4 or similar.
  • Document CN106785482A (Huaqiao University ) describes a Yagi antenna wherein this technique is applied.
  • this solution entails a reduction in the antenna bandwidth, so in many cases it is not suitable. This reduction in bandwidth also arises in any other type of antenna with a different radiation diagram (e.g. omnidirectional antennas).
  • a Tunable multi-band meander line printed monopole antenna lor MIMO systems. Antennas and Propagation (EUCAP)" (ALiREZA MALLAHZADEH et al Proceedings 01 the 5th European Conference on 20110411 IEEE., 11 /04/2011 ) presents a tuneable meander line multi-band printed monopole antenna for a multiple input and multiple output (MIMO) system.
  • the proposed meander line monopole antenna can create a single resonance in the WLAN range. Two additional resonances are achieved by placing two vertical resonance trajectories with a length of N2 over the first meander line. Inserting two paths into the antenna feed line produces the correct impedance.
  • This solution has the drawback that the additional meanders that are added to create new resonances are located perpendicular to the first meander, which increases the size of the antenna.
  • the proposed structure itself limits the number of total meanders and therefore that of resonant frequencies to three.
  • this design aims to create several resonances in independent frequencies, minimizing the feedback between the same, and not to increase the bandwidth at a given frequency band.
  • the antenna consists of a rectangular printed loop with two holes, a corrugated reflector to reduce the size of the antenna and a dipole; a parasitic strip and metamaterials are also used in the structure of the antenna. Corrugating the reflector means that the effective electrical length increases and the resonance frequency decreases, and the current in the reflector flows over a longer path, 10, resulting in a reduction in size.
  • the parasitic strip and the metamaterials act as a high-frequency quasi-Yagi-Uda director, and also improve the main directivity. In addition, the use of metamaterials improves antenna gain and the adaptation of impedance.
  • This solution has the drawback that it requires a special feed structure located perpendicular to the antenna, which considerably increases the size and complicates the manufacturing process. Furthermore, the use of structures called metamaterials limits the use of this solution to certain types of printed circuit substrates. It is also a specific solution for a certain type of Yagi antenna, which limits its use in other types of antennas.
  • the object of the present invention is an antenna on a small printed circuit board without this adversely affecting the parameters of the antenna (directivity, bandwidth) or complicating the manufacturing process thereof.
  • This objective is achieved with a device as described in the claims, and has a plurality of advantages.
  • the printed antenna for the reception and/or transmission of radio frequency signals contains at least one active element, preferably of the monopole type and whose structure defines a direction of maximum radiation, and which has at least one impedance adaptor element, and is characterized in that the at least one impedance adaptor element has at least one printed conductive element electrically connected to the active element.
  • This example has the advantage that it enables an antenna design without the need for separate, independent radiating elements for impedance adaptation when performed directly on the radiating element(s), which implies a reduction in the size of the antenna.
  • This is an antenna structure with the impedance adapted in the work band, directly by design, to the connection with external elements (such as cables, amplifiers or active or passive devices that can be connected to the antenna) without the need for additional elements.
  • the printed antenna for receiving and/or transmitting radio frequency signals is characterized in that the at least one active element and the at least one impedance adaptor element are on a same plane.
  • This example has the advantage of reducing manufacturing complexity, as well as reducing the use of materials, by having all its elements disposed on a same layer of the printed circuit. This enables the manufacture of the antenna to be used in a single-layer circuit, and therefore in a single-sided printed circuit.
  • this example would enable the use of the other side of the circuit to incorporate other elements such as, but not limited to, filters or amplification circuits into the antenna.
  • other layers could likewise be used for the elements described by making the appropriate connections between the different layers.
  • the antenna has at least one reflector element.
  • the presence of a reflector provides the advantage of enabling the modification of the radiation diagram of the antenna by increasing the front-rear ratio.
  • the printed antenna for the reception and/or transmission of radio frequency signals is characterized in that the at least one active element, the at least one impedance adaptor element and the at least one reflector element are on a same plane.
  • This example has the advantage of reducing manufacturing complexity as well as reducing the use of materials by having such elements disposed on the same layer of the printed circuit. This enables the manufacture of the antenna to be used in a single-layer circuit, and therefore in a single-sided printed circuit.
  • this example would enable the use of the other side of the circuit to incorporate other elements such as, but not limited to, filters or amplification circuits into the antenna.
  • other layers could likewise be used for the elements described by making the appropriate connections between the different layers.
  • the antenna has at least one director element.
  • This example has the advantage of increasing the directivity of the antenna, that is, increasing the gain in a given direction.
  • the printed antenna for the reception and/or transmission of radio frequency signals is characterized in that the at least one active element, the at least one impedance adaptor element and the at least one director element are on a same plane.
  • the printed antenna for the reception and/or transmission of radio frequency signals is characterized in that the at least one impedance adaptor element is disposed perpendicular to the maximum radiation direction of the active element.
  • This example has the advantage of reducing the size of the antenna structure, further facilitating the decoupling between the impedance adaptor element and the active element.
  • the printed antenna for the reception and/or transmission of radio frequency signals is characterized in that it has a ground area.
  • ground area is used to designate what is commonly known as “ground plane” (zero voltage), to differentiate it from the term “plane” as a geometric concept used for each of the layers of a printed circuit.
  • This example has the advantage that the positioning of a ground area makes it possible to improve the directivity of the antenna by increasing the gain in the direction of maximum radiation of the active element.
  • the printed antenna for the reception and/or transmission of radio frequency signals is characterized in that the ground area is located on the same plane as the at least one active element, the at least one reflector element, the at least one director element and the at least one impedance adaptor element.
  • this area is coplanar with the structure of the antenna enables a reduction in size and the limitation of the manufacture to a single-layer (-side) circuit.
  • the printed antenna for the reception and/or transmission of radio frequency signals is characterized in that the ground area is disposed in such a way as to define the desired characteristics of the antenna.
  • the size and positioning of the ground area on the circuit likewise its distance from the elements that make up the antenna (director elements, reflector elements, impedance adaptor elements, active element) influences the radiation diagram thereof, as well as its bandwidth. Therefore, the selection of a certain shape, extension, position and profile of the ground area in the circuit will contribute to the improvement of the characteristics of the antenna required for a given application.
  • the size of the ground area conditions the gain and thus the radiation diagram, in such a way that a broader ground area provides the antenna with a greater gain.
  • the separation with respect to the active element and the director elements will condition the working frequency and the bandwidth of the same. It also conditions the design in terms of the impedance of the antenna, which will increase or decrease depending on the distance from the active element and from the impedance adaptor elements. As for the distance from the reflector, this conditions the front/rear ratio, and therefore the radiation diagram.
  • This example therefore has the advantage of enabling the obtaining of an antenna with a more significant gain in wavelength fraction active element sizes ( ⁇ ⁇ /2) depending on the distance from the ground area to the dipole, likewise different directivities thereof (distance to the director elements and/or to the reflector elements), and in the impedance of the antenna (distance to the impedance adaptor elements).
  • the printed antenna for the reception and/or transmission of radio frequency signals is characterized in that the at least one director element and/or at least one reflector element is connected to the ground area. This is therefore a particular case of the above example, wherein the distance from at least one director and/or at least one reflector to the ground area is zero.
  • the printed antenna for the reception and/or transmission of radio frequency signals is characterized in that the at least one active element and/or the at least one impedance adaptor element is meander-shaped.
  • This example has the advantage that it minimizes the space occupied by an active element and/or an impedance adaptor element for a given length of the elements (length that will be conditioned by the frequency band and the directivity that it is intended to achieve in the case of the active element, and the impedance to which the antenna is intended to be adapted in the case of the impedance adaptor element), with the consequent reduction in size of the antenna.
  • Figure 1 portrays an image of a preferred embodiment of the antenna.
  • Said antenna 1 contains a monopole-type active element 2, a reflector element 3 that enables the sending of the reflections of the received signal towards the active element 2, three director elements 4 that enable the orienting of the signal received towards the area of greatest gain of the antenna, two impedance adaptor elements 5 connected by means of a printed conductive element to the active element 2, and an input/output terminal 7 for the connection of the antenna to an external element (cable, amplifier, etc.).
  • the active element 1 consists of a meander that minimizes the surface occupied on the printed circuit board for a given dipole length.
  • Such an active element could be of any other shape.
  • the active element could be of any shape from a simple rectilinear printed line to a loop, as shown in a subsequent embodiment.
  • the antenna according to this preferred embodiment has a reflector element 3 at the rear area of the antenna (defined as the area in which direct signal transmission/reception is not intended).
  • a reflector element 3 at the rear area of the antenna (defined as the area in which direct signal transmission/reception is not intended).
  • both the number, shape, length and separation between said reflectors 3, likewise the separation of these from the active element 2 may be diverse, depending on the characteristics of the antenna (front/rear ratio, working band and bandwidth) that it is intended to achieve.
  • two V-shaped reflectors could be located forming an angle of 45 ° between the same and separated from the active element by a minimum of 2 mm.
  • three director elements 4 of different lengths are employed; these direct the signal towards the monopole.
  • the number, shape, length and spacing between said directors 4 and from these to the active element 2 may be diverse, depending on the characteristics of the antenna (gain in the direction of maximum radiation, front/rear ratio, working band and bandwidth) intended to be achieved (for example, without being limited thereto, 5 directors of a semi-circular shape, with identical or logarithmic separation between them with the nearest at a minimum distance of 2 mm from the active element).
  • the impedance adaptor elements 5 connected by a printed conductive element to the active element 2 shall be designed in such a way that they adjust the impedance of the antenna with regard to connection with other devices or external elements such as, but not limited to, cables, amplifiers or any other devices for the processing of radio frequency signals.
  • Said adaptor elements may be of various shapes, lengths and distance to the active element 2 from the area furthest away from the active element 5 itself. Such characteristics will depend on the application requirements of the transmitting/receiving antenna in relation to its bandwidth and/or directivity, as is well known in the state of the art.
  • a variant of this preferred embodiment would make it possible to incorporate an additional number of active elements 2 with or without at least one impedance adaptor element 5, thereby making it possible to modify the directivity of the antenna 1, incorporating impedance adaptor elements 5 only in those in which it is deemed necessary.
  • the impedance adaptor elements 5 are located in such a way, 9, 9' not being perpendicular to the direction of maximum radiation of the active element 8, but in a direction tending to alignment with said perpendicular in order to reduce the size of the antenna circuit.
  • the adaptor elements 5 are located, one at the frontal area of the antenna (defined as the area in which the transmission/reception of a direct signal is intended) and another at the rear area of the antenna.
  • the impedance adaptor elements could differ in number and/or shape from the described example, as well as being located indistinctly at the front or rear of the antenna.
  • Figures 2 and 3 portray, by way of a non-limiting example, the description of an antenna with a single active element that has two linear adaptor elements 5 located at the front of the antenna, perpendicular (9, 9') to the maximum radiation direction of the active element 8.
  • all the described elements are located on the same plane (side or layer), which would facilitate the design and manufacture on a single-layer printed circuit board, it being possible to use the other side thereof to incorporate other elements into the antenna, such as, but not limited to, an amplifier circuit or a filter for the selection/rejection of a given band.
  • each of the elements described likewise any combination or subset thereof, could be implemented on different planes (layers), and connecting the different layers together if deemed necessary, forming a multilayer circuit.
  • Figure 1 has antenna input/output connection terminals, one of which must be grounded.
  • figures 2 , 3 and 4 portray embodiments wherein the ground terminal 7 is replaced by a ground area (plane) 10.
  • the ground area (plane) 10 is located parallel to the direction of maximum radiation of the active element 8, which makes it possible to configure the directivity of the antenna 1.
  • Figure 3 it has a reflector element 3 and three director elements 4.
  • the reflector 3 and one of the directors 4 are connected to the ground area. In this way, characteristics in conformity with the design to be implemented are obtained.
  • FIG 4 portrays another preferred embodiment of an antenna 1 with a single meander-shaped active element 2 that in turn has a single meander-shaped impedance adaptor 5, located at the frontal area of the antenna, and with a reflector element 3 with a concave profile located at the rear of the antenna.
  • the antenna has a ground area (plane) 10 located on the same plane as the remainder of the elements.
  • the profile of the ground area is different in the vicinity of each of the elements, so that certain characteristics are achieved (directivity, radiation diagram, front-to-rear ratio, bandwidth and working frequency). Therefore, characteristics of the antenna 1 adapted to the specific application for which it is intended are obtained by performing a correct design of the characteristics of this ground area 10 (profile, positioning, distance to each of the elements).

Landscapes

  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
EP21383075.5A 2021-02-12 2021-11-29 Printed antenna for receiving and/or transmitting radio frequency signals Withdrawn EP4044369A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ES202130110A ES2848735B2 (es) 2021-02-12 2021-02-12 Antena impresa para la recepcion y/o transmision de senales de radiofrecuencia

Publications (1)

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EP4044369A1 true EP4044369A1 (en) 2022-08-17

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EP21383075.5A Withdrawn EP4044369A1 (en) 2021-02-12 2021-11-29 Printed antenna for receiving and/or transmitting radio frequency signals

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EP (1) EP4044369A1 (es)
ES (1) ES2848735B2 (es)

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0540899A1 (de) 1991-10-11 1993-05-12 Televes, S.A. UHF-Yagi-Antenne
US5220335A (en) 1990-03-30 1993-06-15 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Planar microstrip Yagi antenna array
KR20010073723A (ko) * 2000-01-19 2001-08-01 우종명 평면 모노폴형 야기-우다 안테나
US20030160730A1 (en) 2002-02-26 2003-08-28 Alsliety Mazen K. Microstrip Yagi-Uda antenna
US6839038B2 (en) * 2002-06-17 2005-01-04 Lockheed Martin Corporation Dual-band directional/omnidirectional antenna
US7423592B2 (en) * 2004-01-30 2008-09-09 Fractus, S.A. Multi-band monopole antennas for mobile communications devices
KR20150124619A (ko) 2014-04-29 2015-11-06 김영훈 황토와 볏짚을 이용한 제빵용 발효기
CN106785482A (zh) 2017-01-05 2017-05-31 华侨大学 一种基于反射器变形结构的小型化准八木天线

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5220335A (en) 1990-03-30 1993-06-15 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Planar microstrip Yagi antenna array
EP0540899A1 (de) 1991-10-11 1993-05-12 Televes, S.A. UHF-Yagi-Antenne
KR20010073723A (ko) * 2000-01-19 2001-08-01 우종명 평면 모노폴형 야기-우다 안테나
US20030160730A1 (en) 2002-02-26 2003-08-28 Alsliety Mazen K. Microstrip Yagi-Uda antenna
US6839038B2 (en) * 2002-06-17 2005-01-04 Lockheed Martin Corporation Dual-band directional/omnidirectional antenna
US7423592B2 (en) * 2004-01-30 2008-09-09 Fractus, S.A. Multi-band monopole antennas for mobile communications devices
KR20150124619A (ko) 2014-04-29 2015-11-06 김영훈 황토와 볏짚을 이용한 제빵용 발효기
CN106785482A (zh) 2017-01-05 2017-05-31 华侨大学 一种基于反射器变形结构的小型化准八木天线

Non-Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
ALIREZA MALLAHZADEH ET AL.: "A Tunable multi-band meander line printed monopole antenna lor MIMO systems. Antennas and Propagation (EUCAP)", PROCEEDINGS 01 THE 5TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON 20110411 IEEE, 4 November 2011 (2011-11-04)
KHANJARI SHIMA POORGHOIAM ET AL.: "Compact and wideband planar loop antenna with microstrip to parallel strip balun feed using metamaterials", AEU - INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATIONS
YONG LIU ET AL: "Some Recent Developments of Microstrip Antenna", INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, vol. 2012, 1 January 2012 (2012-01-01), pages 1 - 10, XP055593313, ISSN: 1687-5869, DOI: 10.1155/2012/428284 *

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ES2848735B2 (es) 2022-01-04
ES2848735A1 (es) 2021-08-11

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