EP4027956A1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zur generierung von steuerdaten für ein ophthalmologisches lasertherapiegerät - Google Patents
Verfahren und vorrichtung zur generierung von steuerdaten für ein ophthalmologisches lasertherapiegerätInfo
- Publication number
- EP4027956A1 EP4027956A1 EP20768032.3A EP20768032A EP4027956A1 EP 4027956 A1 EP4027956 A1 EP 4027956A1 EP 20768032 A EP20768032 A EP 20768032A EP 4027956 A1 EP4027956 A1 EP 4027956A1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
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- scan path
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- control data
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- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Links
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F9/00—Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes; Devices for putting in contact-lenses; Devices to correct squinting; Apparatus to guide the blind; Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand
- A61F9/007—Methods or devices for eye surgery
- A61F9/008—Methods or devices for eye surgery using laser
- A61F9/00825—Methods or devices for eye surgery using laser for photodisruption
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F9/00—Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes; Devices for putting in contact-lenses; Devices to correct squinting; Apparatus to guide the blind; Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand
- A61F9/007—Methods or devices for eye surgery
- A61F9/008—Methods or devices for eye surgery using laser
- A61F2009/00861—Methods or devices for eye surgery using laser adapted for treatment at a particular location
- A61F2009/0087—Lens
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F9/00—Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes; Devices for putting in contact-lenses; Devices to correct squinting; Apparatus to guide the blind; Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand
- A61F9/007—Methods or devices for eye surgery
- A61F9/008—Methods or devices for eye surgery using laser
- A61F2009/00861—Methods or devices for eye surgery using laser adapted for treatment at a particular location
- A61F2009/00872—Cornea
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F9/00—Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes; Devices for putting in contact-lenses; Devices to correct squinting; Apparatus to guide the blind; Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand
- A61F9/007—Methods or devices for eye surgery
- A61F9/008—Methods or devices for eye surgery using laser
- A61F2009/00897—Scanning mechanisms or algorithms
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a planning unit for the generation of control data for an ophthalmic laser therapy device, which has a laser device for providing a pulsed laser beam, a focusing device for focusing the pulsed laser beam in a focus, a scanning device for shifting the focus of the pulsed laser beam in a tissue of a patient's eye , in particular in a cornea and / or an eye lens, for severing the tissue in a scan pattern of focus spots of the focus of the pulsed laser beam along a scan path according to the control data, and a control unit for controlling the ophthalmic laser therapy device by means of the control data, the planning unit having an interface for transferring the control data to the control unit.
- the invention further relates to a corresponding planning method for the generation of control data for an ophthalmic laser therapy device, which includes a laser device for providing a pulsed laser beam, a focusing device for focusing the pulsed laser beam in a focus, a scanning device for shifting the focus of the pulsed laser beam in a tissue
- a laser device for providing a pulsed laser beam
- a focusing device for focusing the pulsed laser beam in a focus
- a scanning device for shifting the focus of the pulsed laser beam in a tissue
- the patient's eye in particular in a cornea and / or an eye lens, for cutting through the tissue in a scan pattern of focus spots of the focus of the pulsed laser beam along a scan path according to the control data
- a control unit for controlling the ophthalmic laser therapy device by means of the control data.
- Laser surgical methods for severing or cutting tissue in a patient's eye are well known in eye surgery.
- laser radiation for treating the eye is focused within the tissue - i.e. below the surface of the tissue - in such a way that optical breakthroughs are created in the tissue.
- Various processes that are initiated by the laser radiation take place one after the other in the tissue. If the power density of the radiation exceeds a threshold value, an optical breakthrough occurs, which creates a plasma bubble in the material. This plasma bubble grows after the optical breakthrough has occurred due to expanding gases. If the optical breakthrough is not maintained, the gas generated in the plasma bubble is absorbed by the surrounding material and the bubble disappears again. However, this process takes much longer than the formation of the bubble itself.
- optical breakthrough ie this term not only includes the actual optical breakthrough, but also the resulting effects in the material.
- ametropia of the eye often stems from the fact that the Refractive properties of the cornea and lens do not result in optimal focusing on the retina.
- Document DE 10334 110 therefore describes a method for generating a cut along a scan path of focus spots of the pulsed laser radiation, in which the scan path runs along contour lines and a predetermined limit value for a distance between adjacent contour lines must not be exceeded.
- the object of the present invention is therefore to describe the device and method which enable the generation of a cut with a homogeneous density of focus spots of the pulsed laser radiation within the cut using simple and inexpensive components.
- a first aspect of the invention relates to a planning unit for generating control data for an ophthalmic laser therapy device.
- the ophthalmic laser therapy device comprises a laser device for providing a pulsed laser beam and a focusing device for focusing the pulsed laser beam in a focus.
- the ophthalmic laser therapy device has a scanning device for shifting the focus of the pulsed laser beam in a tissue of a patient's eye, in particular in a cornea and / or an eye lens, for cutting through the tissue in a scan pattern of focus spots of the focus of the pulsed laser beam along a scan path according to the control data on.
- the ophthalmological laser therapy device comprises a control unit for controlling the ophthalmological laser therapy device by means of the control data.
- the planning unit has an interface for transferring the control data to the control unit.
- the planning unit can be a computer that has a processor and a memory.
- the planning unit is characterized in that it is designed to generate the control data for the scan pattern of focus spots of the focus in the tissue of the patient's eye, in particular in the cornea and / or the eye lens, along the scan path with which the ophthalmic laser therapy device is controlled can that the laser device provides a pulsed laser beam with a constant laser pulse frequency f P , the scan path rotates at a constant angular velocity around a scan path center, whereby a distance to the scan path center evaluated at the focus spots increases or decreases monotonically along the scan path, and the scan pattern of focus spots of the focus of the pulsed laser beam a given density is sufficient.
- the tissue of the patient's eye in which cuts can be made when the ophthalmic laser therapy device is in operation is preferably the cornea (or also called the cornea) and / or the lens of the eye and the tissue that directly surrounds the cornea and the lens of the eye.
- the lens of the eye also includes the capsular bag surrounding the lens.
- the tissue can be, for example, the sclera - that is, the outer covering of the eyeball, also called the dermis - and / or the limbus - that is, the transition between the cornea and the sclera.
- the tissue can be the vitreous (vitreous body) and / or the retina (retina).
- the laser device that can be used in the ophthalmic laser therapy device is preferably a device that provides laser pulses with a pulse duration of femtoseconds or picoseconds, and whose focused laser beam is able to cut through the tissue of a patient's eye by means of optical breakthroughs due to non-linear absorption.
- the laser device can comprise, for example, a femtosecond laser or a picosecond laser.
- a femtosecond laser for example, has a wavelength in a range from 750 nm to 1100 nm.
- the use of femtosecond lasers at other wavelengths is, however, basically also conceivable.
- a wavelength from the range from 375 nm to 550 nm or from the range from 250 nm to 367 nm is also relatively easy to implement, which corresponds to a doubling or tripling of the frequency of the technically currently preferred femtosecond lasers.
- Femtosecond laser from the wavelength range from 1020nm to 1060nm have been established for corneal applications for many years and are used here as an example.
- the pulse duration of a femtosecond or picosecond laser which can be used here, can advantageously be selected from a pulse duration range of 50 fs to 5 ps.
- the pulse energy of a femtosecond or picosecond laser that can be used here is advantageously in a pulse energy range of 20nJ to 2pJ.
- a pulse energy of approx. 130 nJ is particularly preferred.
- a laser device can provide laser pulses with a laser pulse frequency f P of up to 50 MHz.
- the laser device can be designed to reduce the laser pulse frequency.
- the planning unit is designed to select a laser pulse frequency f P from a series of possible laser pulse frequencies. The selection is made depending on further calculations for which the planning unit is designed and which are described below.
- the laser pulse frequency is constant within the limits or tolerances given by the laser device. Deviations in the laser pulse frequency are less than ⁇ 20%, preferably less than ⁇ 5%, particularly preferably less than ⁇ 1%.
- the focusing device is designed to focus the pulsed laser beam in the tissue of the patient's eye so that an optical breakthrough is achieved in the focus.
- the focusing device is preferably designed in such a way that the optical properties of the patient's eye (such as, for example, radii of curvature of the optically effective interfaces - for example on the cornea or the lens of the eye - or the refractive indices of the irradiated tissue) are taken into account.
- the focusing device can be designed to focus the pulsed laser beam in the tissue of the To generate the patient's eye, a contact lens being arranged in front of the patient's eye in the beam path.
- the scanning device of the ophthalmic laser therapy device allows the focus of the pulsed laser beam to be shifted or scanned in the tissue of the patient's eye. Scanning of the pulsed laser beam should be possible without restriction in all three spatial directions x, y, z.
- the scanning device should accordingly be designed to perform both lateral scans in the x and y directions and also z scans along the optical axis of the pulsed laser beam.
- the scanning device can include a pair of scanning mirrors. These can be designed to deflect a laser beam in two non-parallel (preferably mutually perpendicular) directions.
- the first scanning mirror allows, for example, a deflection of the laser beam in the x-direction, the second scanning mirror a deflection in the y-direction.
- the scanning mirrors can be driven by galvanometers.
- the scanning mirrors can be designed as resonant scanning mirrors.
- the scanning device can comprise MEMS scanners (Micro-Electro-Mechanical-Systems).
- the scanning device can also be designed in such a way that the beam deflection is parameterized via radius and azimuth angle and can have a radius-azimuth scanner.
- Such a radius-azimuth scanner has a displacement unit which enables a radial displacement of the laser beam with respect to a scanner center, and a further displacement unit which enables an azimuthal displacement (rotation) with respect to the scanner center.
- the radius-azimuth scanner can, for example, comprise optics for guiding the laser beam, which optics are attached to a rotating device, and the distance between the optics and the fulcrum of the device can be changed.
- the scanners described above which enable the focus to be shifted in two spatial directions (eg lateral), are typically combined with a further scanner, which enables the focus to be shifted in a direction that is at an angle to the two spatial directions (preferably perpendicular).
- This can be an axial z-scanner act that can move the focus parallel to the optical axis.
- Scanning “in a tissue” also includes scanning directly on the surface of the tissue.
- a focus can be generated and shifted in the tissue of the patient's eye. If the focus is shifted in the tissue with the aid of the scanning device and the laser device would continuously emit laser radiation, the focus of the laser radiation in the tissue defines a continuous, i.e. spatially uninterrupted, track. This imaginary track is also referred to as a scan path.
- the scan path is therefore a (one-dimensional) line in a three-dimensional volume of the tissue of the patient's eye.
- the center of the scan path can mark a starting point or an end point of the scan path.
- the scan path center can, however, also be located outside the scan field;
- the scan field is the entirety of the scan path and its (imaginary) connections to neighboring sections of the scan path: If, for example, a ring-shaped scan field (with a recess in the middle) is to be generated, the center of the scan path can be in the middle of the ring and is therefore located outside the scan field.
- the center of the scan path can be located on the optical axis of the focusing device
- the place at which the focus in the tissue of the patient's eye is currently on the scan path, at the time at which a laser pulse of the pulsed laser radiation is focused into the tissue, is called the focus spot or focus point.
- the ophthalmic laser therapy device thus generates a large number of focus spots during operation, which are generated along the scan path in the tissue of the patient's eye. At each focus spot, in the tissue of the An optical breakthrough is achieved with the patient's eye.
- the pulsed laser beam is not only effective in the focal point itself; rather, the laser pulse interacts with the tissue in a volume around the focal point. This volume is also called the effective focus area.
- the totality of the effective focus areas creates a (local) cut at which the tissue is severed. Since a focus spot is not generated at every location on the scan path, the scan field can be larger than the section.
- the distribution of the focus spots at which an optical breakthrough is to be generated is referred to as the scan pattern.
- a cut is a partial volume in the tissue that results from the volumes of the effective focus areas and from an (imaginary) connection between adjacent effective focus areas.
- the named partial volume has only a small extent at each location in one spatial direction - for example of the order of magnitude of the diameter of a focus effective area - and has a larger extent in the two spatial directions perpendicular thereto.
- the scan field in the tissue can be larger than the cut to be generated, it can be advantageous if not all laser pulses that would be available according to the constant laser pulse frequency are actually used for a focus spot. This is particularly advantageous when the scanning device requires more time for a shift of the focus along the scanning path than there is between two laser pulses with the constant laser pulse frequency. In such a case, for example, a laser pulse cannot be provided; At that time, only an imaginary focus spot is created at the focal point of the scan path. Alternatively, the Provision of a pulsed laser beam for the time in which the focus scans along the scan path outside of the cut to be generated.
- Rotating the scan path around the scan path center is understood to mean that a scan angle of the straight line connecting a starting point of the scan path to the scan path center increases steadily in relation to a line connecting a point of the scan path with the scan path center along the track of the scan path.
- the angular velocity describes which scan angle is swept over by the scan path per time.
- a constant angular velocity is present if it varies within the limits or tolerances given by the scanning device. Deviations in the angular velocity are less than ⁇ 20%, preferably less than ⁇ 5%, particularly preferably less than ⁇ 1%.
- the inverse of the angular velocity is proportional to a rotation frequency f R. This describes the rate at which a scan angle of 360 ° is swept over.
- the rotation frequency with which the scan path rotates around the center of the scan path is constant; the tolerance of the constancy results from the tolerance of the constant angular velocity.
- the scanning device has a rotation frequency f R or a range of rotation frequencies at which the positions of the scanning path can be controlled with high accuracy.
- this rotation frequency is close to its resonance frequency, for example.
- the scanning path preferably rotates at a constant angular velocity which corresponds to a rotation frequency which ensures a high degree of accuracy of the positions of the scanning path.
- the control data are generated in such a way that a distance from the center of the scan path that is evaluated at the focus spots increases or decreases monotonically along the scan path. In other words: If the distances between the focus spots and the center of the scan path are viewed in the order in which they arise (i.e.
- the distances increase monotonically or the distances decrease monotonically. It is possible for focus spots that follow one another in time to have the same distance from the center of the scan path. It should be noted that the monotony is only required for the distance between the focus spots. The course of the scan path itself can deviate from the monotony.
- the ophthalmological laser therapy device can be controlled in such a way that the scan pattern of focus spots of the focus of the pulsed laser radiation satisfies a predetermined density. Since a section is typically to be generated over a scan pattern of focus spots which corresponds to an area in the tissue of the patient's eye, the density can be defined, for example, as the number of focus spots per area. The density thus determines how many focus spots are to be generated in the scan pattern when the ophthalmic laser therapy device is in operation in order to generate the cut for severing the tissue. The density can be specified by the ophthalmic laser therapy device - for example in the planning unit.
- the density can be determined by the user of the ophthalmic laser therapy device.
- the density can be a fixed value, a limit value that must not be exceeded or fallen below, or a range of values. It is also possible that the density can be selected by the user from a selection list provided by the ophthalmic laser therapy device.
- the interaction of a laser pulse with the tissue depends on Pulse parameters (such as pulse duration, wavelength or pulse energy) of the pulsed laser radiation. It is also dependent on the type of tissue in the patient's eye in which an optical breakthrough should be able to be produced.
- the density can be specified in such a way that the effective focus areas are on average close to one another and thus enable a complete severing of the tissue.
- the density can be specified in such a way that the effective focus areas are on average further apart, so that the effective focus areas do not overlap or butt against each other and so tissue bridges remain in the tissue within the cut surface between the effective focus areas.
- a partial severing of the tissue is made possible. This creates a kind of predetermined breaking point at which the tissue is prepared in such a way that it can be completely severed in a targeted and controlled manner in one step of the surgical procedure.
- Such a partial severing is advantageous, for example, when, during an intervention to correct ametropia, a lens-shaped partial volume of the cornea is to be removed from the cornea via a laterally opening incision - a so-called access incision.
- the specified density of the focus spots is therefore typically related to a goal that is being pursued with the section to be generated.
- the control data that are generated by the planning unit according to the invention and with which the ophthalmological laser therapy device can be controlled include at least the constant laser pulse frequency.
- the constant angular velocity, the scan path center and the specified density are variables that are included in the generation of the control data for the spatial position (x, y, z) of the focus as a function of time. These variables can also be available for discharge to the control unit.
- the planning unit according to the invention allows simple and inexpensive components for the ophthalmic laser therapy device to be added due to the constant laser pulse frequency and the constant angular velocity use.
- the constant laser pulse frequency makes it possible to dispense with complex control of the laser device, which must ensure that the required pulses are available at the right time, with variable pulse intervals and with constant pulse energy (and pulse duration) during the generation of a scan pattern .
- the constant angular speed with which the scan path rotates around the center of the scan path ensures that the same number of focus spots can be generated for each range of azimuth angles (with respect to the center of the scan path). In this way, a homogeneous density of the focus spots per azimuth angle range is ensured. Furthermore, the constant angular speed with which the scan path rotates around the scan path center and the monotony of the temporal course of the distances between the focus spots from the scan path center allow the use of a simple and inexpensive scanning device. Depending on the technology used, the scanners can be controlled with simple sine signals (x-y scanner) or a constant signal (azimuth scanner). Strong accelerations of the scanner are not necessary. No angular velocity tuning is required. The control for the scanning device can thus advantageously be simple and inexpensive and at the same time generate the focus spots with high precision at the desired locations in the tissue of the patient's eye.
- the control unit which as a rule uses the control data generated by the planning unit, can access all controllable units of the ophthalmic laser therapy device, in particular the laser device, the focusing device and the scanning device. It can be constructed in one or more parts and communicate with the controllable units of the ophthalmic laser therapy device - and possibly with other devices of the ophthalmic laser therapy device as well as with devices connected to it - via wired or wireless communication paths. Furthermore, the Planning unit preferably has an interface via which control data can be supplied to the control unit in a wired or wireless manner.
- a point or a straight line can also be assumed as the center of the scan path for a curved section.
- the distances between the focus spots are determined from this point (or straight line) in three-dimensional space.
- the density of the focus spots can be related to the cut surface or to a volume.
- the advantages of the planning unit according to the invention remain for curved cuts. For the sake of simplification, the projection of the scan path into a plane is considered below or it is assumed that the scan path is located in a plane that is, for example, perpendicular to the optical axis.
- the incision that is to be made in the tissue of the patient's eye does not have the same extent in all three spatial dimensions; often the extent of the cut is not identical even in the lateral dimensions (x and y).
- the size (extent) of the effective focus area typically deviates in the axial direction (z) from that in the lateral direction.
- the dimensions of the effective focus area in the x-direction and y-direction can differ from one another; The cause of this can be the polarization of the pulsed laser beam.
- the asymmetry effects mentioned by way of example do not have to occur in the direction of those axes which are given via the optical axis (z-axis) and a plane perpendicular thereto (x-y plane).
- the distance between the focus spots and the center of the scan path therefore takes into account an asymmetry effect.
- asymmetry factors can be introduced in the regulation for calculating the distances between two points in space. Distances are advantageously calculated with the aid of a metric in x ', y', z 'coordinates, since here an asymmetry can be represented particularly easily.
- the distance between two points and in x ', y', z 'coordinates, taking into account the asymmetry can be calculated using ⁇
- Focus spot (which consists of about the unique, reversible transformation
- the control data are generated in such a way that for each rotation of the scan path around the scan path center the absolute amount of a difference between the distances from the scan path center evaluated at the focus spots at the beginning of the rotation and at the end of the rotation with an increasing mean distance from Scan path center decreases.
- a rotation of the scan path around the scan path center is to be understood as a section of the scan path in which an azimuth angle with respect to the scan path center of 360 ° is swept over.
- the scan path can thus be composed of several rotations.
- a distance from the center of the scan path can be assigned to it via the distance of a focus spot from the center of the scan path immediately before or after the start of the rotation.
- the scan path at the end of a rotation (at an azimuth angle F + 360 °) can also be assigned a distance via the distance of a (different) focus spot from the center of the scan path immediately before or after the end of the rotation.
- the amount of the difference in the distances from the center of the scan path at the beginning and at the end of a rotation corresponds to a radial width of a rotation.
- the mean distance of a rotation from the center of the scan path is the mean value of the distances to the start and end of the rotation.
- the end of a rotation corresponds to the beginning of a subsequent rotation. If one considers the mean intervals of a temporal series of rotations of the scan path around the scan path center, then these increase or decrease monotonically.
- An azimuthal length can be assigned to a rotation via the mean distance (by multiplying by a factor of 2p). If the azimuthal length is multiplied by the radial width, this corresponds to an area that can be assigned to the rotation.
- the inventive decrease in the radial widths of each rotation with increasing mean distance of the rotation leads to the density of the focus spots in the scan pattern being adapted over radial distances from the center of the scan path.
- control data are generated in such a way that for each rotation of the scan path around the scan path center, the absolute amount of the difference between the distances from the scan path center evaluated at the focus spots at the start of the rotation and at the end of the rotation is proportional to the inverse mean distance of the rotation from the scan path center.
- r a be the distance at the beginning of a rotation (evaluated on a focus spot that is located immediately before or after the start of the rotation on the scan path) and let r e be the distance to the end of a rotation (evaluated on another focus spot that is immediately before or after the end of the rotation on the scan path).
- " Means the formation of an absolute amount.
- all of the focus spots of the rotation lie in one plane (for example the x-y plane or the x'-y 'plane) or they have an offset in the z direction that is small compared to the z extension of the effective focus areas.
- . This corresponds to red p . r m . Dr.
- the area of a rotation is proportional to the product of the azimuthal length and the radial width a rotation.
- the surface has the shape of a ring in the plane.
- the areas which can be assigned to each rotation just remain constant. This ensures that a specified density of focus spots in the scan pattern is achieved for all distances from the center of the scan path. This enables a particularly precise severing of tissue over the entire incision.
- control data are generated in such a way that the focus spots lie on a spiral around the center of the scan path.
- a spiral is characterized by the fact that it rotates around a center and that the distance to the center along the track of the spiral increases or decreases strictly monotonically.
- a spiral in three-dimensional space takes the form of a helix, the distance from the center of which changes in a strictly monotonous manner.
- the scan path may deviate from a spiral between two successive focus spots as long as the scan path again corresponds to points of a spiral at the locations of the focus spots.
- the control data are generated in such a way that the focus spots lie on a spiral around the center of the scan path and that the absolute value of the difference between the distances from the center of the scan path of two successive focus spots is proportional to an inverse mean distance between the successive focus spots and the center of the scan path.
- Two successive focus spots that lie on a spiral around the center of the scan path are focus spots that are generated one after the other in time.
- the focus spot following a focus spot can also be an imaginary focus spot if, for example, the imaginary focus spot lies outside the section to be generated.
- r s, i be the distance from the center of the scan path for an i th focus spot and let r S, +1 be the distance for the i + 1 th focus spot which follows in time;
- the index "s" indicates that there are distances on a spiral path.
- " Means the formation of an absolute amount.
- the center of the scan path is also in this plane and the area, which can be assigned to the / th focus spot is where t t and t i + 1 are the points in time, to which the / th or i + 1 th focus spot are generated.
- the area assigned to the / th focus spot corresponds to. The area has the
- Shape of a ring segment in the plane If the absolute value of the difference between the distances from the center of the scan path of two successive focus spots decreases proportionally to the inverse mean distance between the focus spots (Dr s, i ⁇ 1 / r s, im ), then according to the invention the areas that each Focus spot can be assigned, just remain constant. This ensures that a specified density of focus spots in the scan pattern is achieved for all distances from the center of the scan path. This enables a particularly precise severing of tissue over the entire incision.
- the planning method according to the invention thus enables the generation of control data for a scan pattern of focus spots that lie on a spiral around the center of the scan path, the specified density being achieved for all distances from the center of the scan path.
- control data are generated in such a way that the scan pattern of the focus spots of the focus of the pulsed laser beam satisfies a limit value for a distribution measure for evaluating the distribution of the focus spots.
- a distribution measure assigns a value to the scan pattern which evaluates the distribution of the focus spots in the section generated by the scan pattern.
- the distances between the focus spots are advantageously incorporated into this value. Even if a predetermined density of focus spots is implemented in a sub-area of the scan pattern (for example in an azimuth angle area or for radial ring segments), focus spots can nevertheless accumulate locally. This can lead to the fact that the tissue can be completely severed in regions with many focus spots, while tissue bridges remain in regions between clusters of focus spots, so that the tissue can only be partially severed there.
- the distribution measure can be implemented, for example, in such a way that some of the focus spots (for example those that are at a large distance from the center of the scan path) or all of the focus spots are assigned a mean distance from adjacent focus spots.
- the following procedure can be used, for example: A circle is placed in the cut surface around the focus spot. This circle is broken down into circle segments; Advantageously, all segments are of the same size and there are at least three segments. The radius of the circle must be large enough so that there is at least one focus spot in each segment of the circle (except for the focus spot in the center of the circle). The minimum distance between the focus spots in the circle segment and the focus spot in the center of the circle is determined for each segment.
- a mean value of the minimum distances over the circle segments can then be calculated.
- the maximum of the minimum distances can be formed over the circle segments or the difference between the maximum and the minimum of the minimum distances.
- a focus spot can be assigned a measure of the distance to neighboring focus spots.
- the division of the circle into circle segments ensures that it is recognized when neighboring focus spots are piling up in one direction, while there is a large distance to the next focus spot in other directions.
- the determined dimensions can then be averaged so that a single value is assigned to a scan pattern as a distribution measure of the focus spots.
- the mean value and standard deviation can be determined as a pair of values of the distribution measure.
- the maximum and the minimum can also be determined as a distribution measure.
- the distribution measure can be designed in such a way that the size (and shape) of the effective focus areas of the focus spots are taken into account.
- the size of the corresponding effective focus area can be marked in the cutting plane for each focus spot of the scan pattern.
- An area can be assigned to the totality of the effective focus areas of all focus spots of the scan pattern. Overlapping areas of two or more effective focus areas of different focus spots are only taken into account once (and not more than once) when assigning the area. This area of the totality of the effective focus areas of the focus spots of the scan pattern in the cutting plane can be set in relation to the area of the cut.
- the proportion of remaining tissue bridges is 50% of the cut area.
- This exemplary value as a distribution measure thus provides information about the type of severing that can be achieved with a given scan pattern.
- the ratio of the area of the totality of the focus effective areas of the focus spot of the scan pattern in the cutting plane to the sum of all sizes of the focus effective areas of the focus spot of the scan pattern in the cutting plane can also be formed as a distribution measure.
- Such a distribution measure describes how much the effective focus areas overlap: If the ratio is 1, there is no overlap; if the ratio is 0.5, for example, there is a high proportion of overlaps; in such a case, the focus spots are very likely to be set too narrowly and a comparatively long time is required for the generation of the scan pattern.
- a value (or values) for evaluating the distribution of the focus spots in the scan pattern can be determined by means of the exemplary distribution measures and the described variants thereof. It is particularly advantageous to take into account any asymmetry effects that may be present, for example when calculating distances between focus spots with a metric that includes the asymmetry, or when determining the size of the effective focus areas.
- the limit value that the distribution measure should satisfy for evaluating the distribution of the focus spots can be a limit for each value that the distribution measure provides. For the sake of simplicity, only a single limit value is spoken of in the following; However, this is to be understood as meaning that the limit value can also be limits for various values that are provided by the distribution measure.
- the limit value can act as a number (possibly including the associated units) or a range of values. It can be one be a one-sided limit value or a two-sided limit value.
- the limit value can be stored in the planning unit or specified by a user of the ophthalmic laser therapy device.
- the distribution of the focus spots in the scan pattern satisfies the limit value for the degree of distribution, then according to the invention it is ensured that, in addition to a predetermined density of focus spots, there is also a distribution with homogeneous distances between focus spots. In this way, local accumulations of focus spots can be avoided and a severing of the tissue with a high cut quality over the entire cut surface is further improved.
- the laser device of the ophthalmological laser therapy device comprises a laser source for generating laser pulses with a laser repetition frequency f L and a pulse selection device which is set up to select the generated laser pulses according to the further control data according to a division ratio D and for the pulsed Provide laser beam.
- a laser source is typically built in such a way that it can provide laser pulses with reproducible parameters (such as pulse energy, wavelength, spectral width, pulse duration, polarization) with a fixed laser repetition frequency f L.
- a change in the laser repetition frequency is possible, but requires a great deal of technical effort.
- the laser repetition frequency of the laser source ie the repetition rate of the laser pulses, is therefore advantageously permanently set with a value from a range from 10 kHz to 50 MHz; a laser pulse repetition frequency from a range from 200 kHz to 20 MHz is advantageous.
- a pulse selection device is arranged downstream of the laser source in the beam path.
- a pulse selection device can be implemented, for example, via an acousto-optical modulator (AOM) which, depending on an activation, can bring about a beam deflection of the laser radiation in order to direct laser pulses out of the beam path in the direction of the tissue of the patient's eye so that it cannot generate a focus spot.
- AOM acousto-optical modulator
- the pulse selection device can be part of the laser source, or it can be arranged directly downstream of the laser source in the beam path. However, further optical elements and / or the scanning device and / or the focusing device can also be located in the beam path between the laser source and the pulse selection device. However, an arrangement close to the laser source is preferred.
- the division ratio D indicates which proportion of the laser pulses generated by the laser source is to be passed on in the direction of the patient's eye.
- the division ratio corresponds to the number of transmitted laser pulses to the number of generated pulses.
- the division ratio can be an integer; every D-th laser pulse is passed on, while all D-1 laser pulses in between are not passed on.
- the division ratio can be a rational number; in this case, the desired division ratio is obtained on average after a series of transmitted laser pulses. If an irrational number is chosen for k, this is only approximated after many laser pulses.
- the planning unit is designed to generate control data for at least two scan patterns with which the ophthalmic laser therapy device can be controlled.
- the first laser pulse frequency can differ from the at least one further laser pulse frequency, the first scan path center from the at least one further scan path center and / or the first angular velocity from the at least one further angular velocity.
- the cut to be produced in the tissue of the patient's eye can have a shape that is, for example, significantly larger in one direction than in another. In this case it may be that the cut can be generated more quickly via two (or more) scan patterns in which the scan patterns have scan path centers that deviate from one another.
- the cut to be generated is a surface that is at a large distance from the center of the scan path, it can be advantageous to generate the cut using two scan patterns as well.
- the first scan pattern can be a pattern in which focus spots are generated close to the center of the scan path.
- Another pattern only generates focus spots at a greater distance from a scan path center (which can be identical to the first scan path center), a higher constant laser pulse frequency and / or a higher constant angular velocity being used for the further scan pattern.
- a quick creation of a cut is advantageous in order to reduce the treatment time. On the one hand, this reduces the burden on the patient. On the other hand, it also reduces the risk that the patient's eye will move in relation to the ophthalmic laser device, and thus a faulty scan pattern and thus a faulty cut will be generated.
- the planning unit is designed in such a way that the at least two scan patterns do not spatially at least partially overlap.
- Overlapping two scan patterns ensures that a continuous cut can be created in the tissue via the two scan patterns.
- the scan patterns should only overlap to the extent necessary for reliable generation of the section (taking into account the specified density of focus spots and advantageously taking into account the limit value for a distribution measure).
- An overlapping of two scan patterns is as little as possible less than 50%, preferably less than 10%, particularly preferably less than 2%.
- the ophthalmological laser therapy device has a planning unit for generating the control data.
- the planning unit is designed in such a way that it generates the control data as described in one of the embodiments described above.
- the ophthalmological laser therapy device further comprises a measuring device for generating data for a characterization of the patient's eye. This is in particular a measuring device from the following group: auto refractor, refractometer, keratometer, aberrometer, wavefront measuring device, optical coherence tomograph (OCT), Scheimpflug camera, ultrasound imaging system, microscope.
- OCT optical coherence tomograph
- the ophthalmic laser therapy device can of course also contain several measuring devices that can be used one after the other or at the same time to characterize the patient's eye.
- the data generated by the measuring device can be used to determine the geometry and the position of the cut to be generated in the tissue of the patient's eye. It should be noted, however, that the planning unit described in the various embodiments can generate the control data regardless of whether the patient's eye is connected to the ophthalmic laser therapy device.
- the data generated by the measuring device can be used to monitor the generation of the incision in the tissue when the ophthalmic laser therapy device is in operation.
- a second aspect of the invention relates to a planning method for the generation of control data for an ophthalmological laser therapy device.
- the ophthalmic laser therapy device comprises a laser device for providing a pulsed laser beam and a focusing device for focusing the pulsed laser beam in a focus.
- the ophthalmic laser therapy device has a scanning device for shifting the focus of the pulsed laser beam in a tissue of a patient's eye, in particular in a cornea and / or an eye lens, for cutting through the tissue in a scan pattern of focus spots of the focus of the pulsed laser beam along a scan path according to the control data , and a control unit for controlling the ophthalmological laser therapy device by means of the control data.
- the planning method according to the invention has the following steps:
- the scan pattern follows a scan path that sweeps over the section to be generated from the inside out and has focus spots within the section to be generated.
- a mean area in the section to be generated can be assigned to each focus spot. Assuming a circular surface, the diameter corresponds to an average distance between two focus spots that is to be achieved. Alternatively, a square area can be assumed.
- a minimum distance to the center of the scan path can be assigned to the cut to be generated; this distance can be zero if the center of the scan path lies in the cut to be generated. If the distance is zero, a point can be selected as the starting point of the scan path which corresponds, for example, to a third or half of the desired mean distance; or the center of the scan path can be selected as the starting point of the scan path. A first focus spot can be generated at this starting point (with a distance r 0 from the center of the scan path).
- the constant angular speed so that it is close to the maximum possible angular speed of the scanning device (for example 95% of the maximum speed), at which a scan path with high accuracy of the positions is still along the scan path is guaranteed.
- the choice of the angular velocity results in a rotation frequency f R with which the scan path rotates around the center of the scan path. This in turn results in the time with which the scan path rotates once around the center of the scan path in a first (innermost) scan path section (first rotation).
- Scan path center corresponds, for example, to a third or half of the desired mean distance
- k focus spots can be selected within the time for a first rotation of the scan path, where k is between two and five.
- K does not have to be an integer; rather, it can also be a rational or irrational number. If the starting point of the scan path is a point which is at a greater distance from the center of the scan path than the desired mean distance between two focus spots, more focus spots can be selected within the time for a first rotation of the scan path. The number can be chosen so that these focus spots finally have a distance that is, for example, less than ⁇ 50%, preferably less than ⁇ 10%, particularly preferably deviates by less than ⁇ 2% from the desired mean distance between the focus spots.
- the control data for the scan path are then determined in such a way that, on the one hand, the monotony is maintained and, on the other hand, the specified density is satisfied:
- the scan path is selected in such a way that it covers the entire section to be generated.
- a scan path can be selected in such a way that the distance from the center of the scan path that is evaluated at the focus spots falls monotonically along the scan path.
- the scan pattern follows a scan path that sweeps over the section to be generated from the outside inwards and has focus spots within the section to be generated.
- a mean area in section can be assigned to each focus spot on the basis of the specified density of the focus spots.
- a mean distance between two focus spots that is to be achieved.
- a maximum distance to the center of the scan path can be assigned to the cut to be generated.
- a place with maximum distance can be selected as the starting point of the scan path.
- a first focus spot can be generated at this starting point (with a distance r max from the center of the scan path).
- the constant angular speed so that it is close to the maximum possible angular speed of the scanning device (for example at 95% of the maximum speed) at which there is still a scan path with high accuracy of the positions is guaranteed along the scan path.
- the choice of the angular velocity results in a rotation frequency f R with which the scan path rotates around the center of the scan path.
- the generation of the scan pattern would then take longer than it would be necessary.
- the number k can be selected to be a factor of 2, 10 or 50, 100, 200 (or more) smaller than the number that would be necessary for the focus spots on the first scan path section to already have the desired mean distance.
- the factor can be selected as a function of the size of the difference between a maximum and a minimum distance between the required focus spots in the section to be generated.
- k and / or f R can be adjusted again in order to satisfy the equation.
- control data for the scan path are then determined as described for a scan path that is generated from the inside out.
- control data are available for generating a scan pattern of focus spots, the scan pattern being able to be generated with the aid of an ophthalmic laser therapy device which can have simple and inexpensive components and which enables tissue to be severed according to a predetermined density of focus spots becomes. A homogeneous density of the focus spots per azimuth angle area is ensured.
- the planning method described can be carried out without the patient's eye having to be connected to the ophthalmic laser therapy device. Rather, all steps of the planning process can take place long (e.g. hours or days) before a surgical intervention, so that the control data are already available before the patient's eye is optically coupled to the ophthalmic laser therapy device.
- an asymmetry effect is taken into account when calculating the distance between the focus spots and the center of the scan path.
- An asymmetry effect can be taken into account, for example, using asymmetrical metrics, as introduced above.
- asymmetrical metrics as introduced above.
- Such a metric is advantageously used, for example, to determine the number of focus spots on the first scan path section.
- the further control data are determined in such a way that, for a rotation of the scan path around the scan path center, a difference between the distances from the scan path center evaluated at the focus spots at the beginning of the rotation and at an end of the rotation with an increasing mean distance from Scan path center decreases.
- the further control data are determined in particular in such a way that the difference in the distances is proportional to the inverse mean distance of the rotation from the center of the scan path.
- each rotation has the same number k of focus spots, it is advantageous if the radial width of a rotation (and thus the distance between two rotations) becomes smaller, the greater the mean distance of the rotation from the center of the scan path, since a larger mean distance is Rotation is associated with a greater azimuthal length. This compensates for the fact that the area that can be assigned to a rotation increases with the azimuthal length.
- the area that can be assigned to a rotation is kept constant for each rotation if the difference between the distances evaluated at the focus spots at the beginning of the rotation and at the end of the rotation is proportional to the inverse mean distance of the rotation from the center of the scan path.
- This property of the scan path describes its slope as a function of the rotation.
- r j c at the focus spots for the scan path . ⁇ j + r 0 .
- c is a constant of proportionality and r 0 is the distance of the first (innermost) focus spot from the center of the scan path.
- the method specified here results in control data for the scan path which ensure that a specified density of focus spots in the scan pattern is achieved for all distances from the center of the scan path.
- the further control data are determined in such a way that the focus spots lie on a spiral around the center of the scan path.
- the further control data determined in such a way that for a difference in the distances from the center of the scan path of two successive focus spots is proportional to an inverse mean distance of the successive focus spots from the center of the scan path.
- the difference between the distances from the center of the scan path of two successive focus spots is to be chosen proportional to an inverse mean distance of the successive focus spots from the center of the scan path.
- r s, i are the distance of the i th focus spots from Scan path center
- c s a proportionality constant
- r s, 1 is the distance of the first focus spot from the scan path center.
- the planning method also has the step that a limit value for a distribution measure for evaluating the distribution of the focus spots of the focus of the pulsed laser beam in the scan pattern is specified, and that the further control data are determined in such a way that the scan pattern of the focus spots a The limit value for the distribution measure is sufficient.
- at least the method steps of selecting the laser pulse frequency and calculating the angular velocity are iterated until the scan pattern of the focus spots satisfies the limit value for the distribution measure. If a scan pattern does not meet the limit value for the distribution measure, the occurrence of local clusters of focus spots can typically be the cause.
- Such accumulations can occur if the number k of focus spots per revolution of the scan path around the scan path center can be approximated via a fraction k »p / q and if q ⁇ N.
- p and q are natural numbers greater than zero.
- the scan pattern forms so-called spokes of focus spots.
- spokes Such a formation of spokes is recognized by evaluating the distribution of the focus spots by means of a distribution measure. Since the formation of spokes in the scan pattern preferably occurs at greater distances between the focus spots and the center of the scan path, it can be advantageous to determine the degree of distribution for focus spots at large distances from the center of the scan path.
- the approximation can take place via a continued fraction, where applies.
- z l are positive integer coefficients. These are advantageously all less than or equal to 5; all coefficients are preferably less than or equal to 3.
- the next approximation of IR with level I + 1 (or higher) is used.
- Values for the laser pulse frequency and the speed of rotation are determined in such a way that the number k of focus spots per revolution results in accordance with the next approximation level.
- a number k of focus spots per revolution calculated in this way has the property that, with an increasing approximation level of the chain fraction, repetitions of patterns of the focus spots do not form until a much higher number of revolutions, and thus spokes do not form until later.
- the number k of focus spots per revolution can be calculated from a sum of a natural number M greater than zero and a rational number R F : k »M + R F.
- R F is the ratio of two consecutive numbers in the Fibonacci sequence ( 1, 2, 5, 6, 13, 21, 34, 55,
- R F converges to an irrational number. If a scan pattern results for a value R F that does not meet the limit value for the distribution measure, new values are determined for the laser pulse frequency and / or the angular velocity that correspond to a ratio R F of two consecutive, higher numbers of the Fibonacci sequence. Due to the properties of the Fibonacci sequence, it follows that for increasing, consecutive numbers of the Fibonacci sequence, repetitions of patterns of the focus spots only develop with a much higher number of revolutions and thus spokes only appear later.
- the value for k is already selected in the first iteration in such a way that no further iterations are required.
- a high approximation level of a continued fraction or a quotient of two consecutive, large Fibonacci numbers can be used.
- the laser device comprises a laser source for generating laser pulses with a laser repetition frequency f L and a pulse selection device which is set up to select the laser pulses generated according to the control data according to a division ratio D and to provide them for the pulsed laser beam.
- the division ratio D is determined in such a way that the constant laser pulse frequency f P results. The division ratio D is fed to the control unit of the ophthalmic laser therapy device.
- control data are generated for at least two scan patterns, wherein the first laser pulse frequency can deviate from the at least one further laser pulse frequency, the first scan path center from at least one further scan path center and / or the first angular speed can differ from the at least one further angular speed.
- the control data for the at least two scan patterns are generated, in particular, in such a way that the at least two scan patterns do not at least partially overlap spatially.
- a computer program product includes a program code which, when executed on a computer, executes the planning method described above for generating control data for generating a scan pattern for an ophthalmic laser therapy device and / or which can be read on a planning unit described above for generating control data.
- the program code can be read in particular by a processor of such a planning device, and preferably such a planning device for consecutive control of an ophthalmic laser therapy device with the generated control data.
- the program code when it is executed by the planning device, generates control data for the Operate ophthalmic laser therapy device to sever the tissue of the patient's eye.
- the computer program product described above is stored on a computer-readable medium according to the invention.
- control data for the generation of a scan pattern along the scan path of focus spots in the tissue of the patient's eye, in particular in a cornea and / or an eye lens are generated for an ophthalmic laser therapy device using a planning method described above transferred to this.
- the ophthalmic laser therapy device is operated with the aid of these control data in order to cut through tissue in a patient's eye.
- FIG. 1 shows a diagram of an embodiment of an ophthalmic laser therapy device according to the invention
- FIG. 3 shows a scan path, focus spots and section according to a first example
- FIG. 4 shows a resulting scan pattern according to the first example from FIG. 3;
- FIG. 5 shows a scan path, focus spots and section according to a second example
- FIG. 6 shows a representation of the distances between the focus spots and the center of the scan path according to their temporal origin for the second example according to FIG. 5;
- FIG. 7 shows a symmetrical (a) and asymmetrical (b) effective focus area around a focus spot 8 shows a scan path, focus spots and section according to a third example with asymmetrical focus effective areas;
- 9 shows a representation of the distances between the focus spots and the center of the scan path according to their temporal origin for the first example according to FIG. 2; 10 shows an illustration for evaluating a scan pattern with a
- FIG. 11 shows an illustration for evaluating a scan pattern with an alternative distribution measure
- FIG. 16 shows a first and a section of a second scan pattern according to an eighth exemplary embodiment
- FIG 17 shows details of a second and a third scan pattern according to an eighth exemplary embodiment.
- FIG. 1 an embodiment of the ophthalmic laser therapy device 1 is shown schematically.
- a laser device 10 which in this embodiment comprises a laser source 14 and a pulse selection device 16, emits the pulsed laser beam 12.
- the laser beam 12 is from the scanning device 30 laterally and from the
- the Scanning device 32 deflected axially.
- the focusing device 20 bundles the pulsed laser beam 12 in a focus 60 in the cornea 92 of the patient's eye 90 (or in the eye lens or also in the limbus or the sclera).
- the focus 60 for two positions in the cornea 92 for different settings of the lateral scanning device 30 and the axial scanning device 32 is shown as an example.
- a possibly advantageous one Fixation of the patient's eye 90 by means of a patient interface with respect to the ophthalmic laser therapy device 1 is not shown.
- the control of the laser device 10, the scanning devices 30, 32 and the focusing device 20 takes place fully automatically via signal data which are transmitted from the control unit 40 to the respective device 10, 20, 30, 32. This is indicated by arrows which each point from the control unit to the devices 10, 20, 30 and 32.
- the control unit 40 ensures suitable synchronous operation of the laser source 10, the three-dimensional scanning device 30, 32 and the focusing device 20.
- the signal data can be transmitted via signal data lines or wirelessly.
- the signal data required during operation are determined in the control unit 40 on the basis of the control data.
- the control unit 40 receives the control data beforehand from the planning unit P as a control data record via unspecified communication paths, such as control lines.
- the control data can also be transmitted using memory chips (e.g.
- USB or memory stick magnetic storage media (e.g. floppy disks), wirelessly by radio (e.g. WLAN, UMTS, Bluetooth) or wired (e.g. USB, Firewire, RS232, CAN bus, Ethernet, etc.) .) respectively.
- radio e.g. WLAN, UMTS, Bluetooth
- wired e.g. USB, Firewire, RS232, CAN bus, Ethernet, etc.
- the planning device P spatially separated from the control unit 40 and to provide a corresponding data transmission channel. The transmission preferably takes place before the ophthalmological laser therapy device 1 is operated, i.e. before control signals are transmitted to the laser device 10, the scanning devices 30, 32 and to the focusing device 20.
- the control data set is preferably transmitted to the control unit 40 of the ophthalmic laser therapy device 1 via an interface S of the planning device P and more preferably, operation of the ophthalmic laser therapy device 1 is blocked until a valid control data set is available at the control unit 40.
- a valid control data record can be a control data record that is principally used with the control unit 40 of the ophthalmic laser therapy device 1 is suitable.
- the validity can also be linked to the fact that further tests are passed. For this purpose, it can be checked, for example, whether information about the ophthalmological laser therapy device 1, z. B. a device serial number, or about the patient, e.g. a patient identification number, match with other information that was read out, for example, on the ophthalmic laser therapy device 1 or entered separately as soon as the patient is in the correct position for the operation of the ophthalmic laser therapy device 1.
- the planning device P generates the control data or the control data set which is made available to the control unit 40 of the ophthalmic laser therapy device 1 for performing the operation.
- the measuring device M included in this embodiment generates measurement data from the patient's eye 90 to be treated (indicated by a double arrow with a line of dots and dashes), which are transmitted to the planning device P via a measurement data line.
- the data or measurement data generated by the measuring device M can be used to determine the geometry and the position of the incision to be generated in the tissue of the patient's eye 90.
- the planning unit P can generate the control data regardless of whether the patient's eye 90 is connected to the ophthalmic laser therapy device 1.
- the presence of the measuring device is optional.
- the data generated by the measuring device M can be used to monitor the generation of the incision in the tissue when the ophthalmological laser therapy device 1 is in operation.
- the data connection between the measuring device M and, for example, the control unit 40, which is advantageous for this purpose, is not shown in FIG. 1.
- the elements of the ophthalmic laser therapy device 1 are specified, but only entered here insofar as they are necessary to understand the focus adjustment.
- the coordinates identified below with x, y, z relate to the deflection of the position of the focus 60.
- the assignment of the individual coordinates to the spatial directions is not essential always denotes the coordinate along the optical axis of the focusing device 20.
- FIG. 2 shows a three-dimensional representation of a scan path 54 and of focus spots 62 on this scan path 54.
- the scan path shown here rotates around a scan path center 56 which occupies a point in space.
- the time course with which the scanning path 54 is traveled by the scanning device 30, 32 is shown by an arrow at the end of the scanning path 54.
- the distance between the focus spots 62 increases strictly monotonically along the scan path 54.
- the scan path 54 thus assumes the shape of a spiral.
- the scan path 54 has coordinates which assume different values along the drawn z-axis.
- the pattern generated by the focus spots 62 along the scan path, the scan pattern 50 thus generates a cut 70 which takes up a two-dimensional, curved surface in space.
- the angle of rotation f relative to the x-axis is measured in the cylinder coordinate system shown.
- FIG. 3 shows a scan path 54, focus spots 62, scan pattern 50 and a cut 70 according to a first example. What is shown here is a view along the optical axis (z-axis). In this example, all focus spots 62 are in one plane.
- the scan path 54 rotates around the Scan path center 56.
- a focus effective area 64 is shown here for each focus spot 62.
- the volume (or the two-dimensional projection onto the xy plane) in which the focus spot 62 causes an interaction with the tissue is thus marked.
- the entirety of the effective focus areas 64 generates a cut 70 at each focus spot 62 in the tissue of the patient's eye 90 due to the optical openings.
- the edge of the cut 70 is shown as a dotted line.
- the cut 70 has an irregular edge.
- a cut 70 is generated during operation which is much larger in comparison to the size of an effective focus area 64.
- Several thousand focus spots 62 are thus typically generated in the tissue. This results in a more regular edge of the cut 70.
- FIG. 3 shows a section 70 which is smaller than the area covered by the scanning path 54.
- the scan field 80 the edge of which is drawn in as a line of dots and lines, thus extends beyond the edge of the cut 70 at some points.
- the figure shows imaginary focus spots 66. These are locations on the scan path 54 at which a focus spot could be generated (in accordance with the constant laser pulse frequency). However, these lie outside the cut 70 to be generated, so that in this case no laser pulse is provided for generating a focus spot.
- This first example is a scan path 54 in the form of a spiral.
- the number of focus spots 62 per rotation is k 3,304.
- the edge of the resulting scan pattern 50 according to the first example from FIG. 3 is shown as a dashed line.
- the extent of the scan pattern 50 is smaller than the section 70 (dotted line) that can be generated with the aid of the scan pattern 50.
- the reason for this is that, due to the size of the effective focus areas 64, which extend beyond the scan pattern 50 at the edge and also contribute to the severing of tissue and thus to the cut 70.
- the size of the scan pattern 50 be smaller than the scan field 80 (line of dots and lines), since - as shown in this example - a focus spot does not have to be generated at every possible location, but a scan field 80 can also have imaginary focus spots 66.
- FIG. 5 shows a scan path 54, focus spots 62 and a section 70 according to a second example.
- It is a scan path 54 in the form of (almost complete) circles with transition pieces between the circles.
- the transition pieces each have the same angle with respect to the scan path center 56; alternatively, the transition pieces can also cover different angles or have the same lengths. Every almost complete circle together with a transition piece corresponds to a rotation in this example.
- the scan path distance from the scan path center 56 changes monotonically, but not strictly monotonically.
- the distances between the focus spots 62 on the scan path 54 remain constant within an (almost complete) circle. The distances only change between two circles.
- a focus spot 56 is generated on a transition piece (not shown in the example), there is also a change in distance from the scan path center 56 of two successive focus spots 54. In the example shown, the distances increase monotonically (shown by the direction of the arrow at the end of the scan path 54). Due to the constant angular velocity and the constant laser pulse frequency f p , the number of focus spots 62 per revolution is also constant, so that in this way a homogeneous density of focus spots 62 per azimuth angle range is ensured.
- the distances between the focus spots and the scan path center 56 are shown according to their temporal origin for the second example according to FIG. 5.
- the time t is shown on the horizontal axis and the distance D between the focus spots 62 and the center of the scan path 56 is shown on the vertical axis.
- Four focus spots 62 are generated on the first (innermost) almost complete circle of the scan path 54; these are shown as filled dots around the diagram.
- the second or third (almost complete) circle three or four focus spots 62 are generated. Only one focus spot 62 is generated on each of the fourth and fifth circles.
- two imaginary focus spots 66 are shown in the diagram.
- the mean distances of a rotation are also marked with a c.
- the absolute amount of the difference between the distances from the scan path center 56 evaluated at the focus spots 62 at the beginning of the rotation and at an end of the rotation decreases with an increasing mean distance from the scan path center 56. What is achieved thereby is that the density of the focus spots 62 in the scan pattern 50 is adapted via radial distances from the center of the scan path 56.
- FIG. 7a A three-dimensional representation of a symmetrical effective focus area 64 around a focus spot 62 is shown in FIG. 7a.
- the extent of the effective focus area 64 is the same in all three spatial dimensions (x, y, and z).
- a three-dimensional representation of an asymmetrical focus effective area 64 around a focus spot 62 is shown.
- the extension of the effective focus area 64 has the shape of a triaxial or triaxial ellipsoid.
- the surface axes of the ellipsoid are aligned in the direction of the coordinate axes x ', y' and z '.
- the z'-axis coincides with the z-axis (optical axis of the focusing device).
- the x 'and y' axes emerge from the x and y axes via a rotation about the z axis.
- a focus effective area 64 can have such a shape if the focus has a different extent along the optical axis than in the directions perpendicular thereto (xy plane); typically the focus is longer in the z-direction.
- an effective focus area can have such a shape if the focus in the focal plane (xy plane, perpendicular to the optical axis) is not rotationally symmetrical; this can occur, for example, when the light is polarized in the focus.
- the effective focus area can have the shape of an ellipsoid of revolution.
- FIG. 8 shows a scan path 54, focus spots 62 and a section 70 according to a third example.
- An asymmetry effect is taken into account. What is shown here is a view along the optical axis (z-axis). In this example, all focus spots 62 are in one plane.
- the scan path 54 rotates around a scan path center 56.
- a focus effective area 64 is shown here for each focus spot 62.
- the effective focus areas 64 plotted here have an asymmetrical size in the x-y plane.
- the size (diameter) along the x-axis is 35% larger than along the y-axis.
- the totality of the effective focus areas 64 generates a cut 70 at each focus spot 62 in the tissue of the patient's eye 90 due to the optical openings.
- the edge of the cut is shown as a dotted line.
- This third example is a scan path 54 in the form of an elliptical spiral.
- the asymmetry effect is taken into account here in that the metric for determining the distances has an asymmetry factor a y 1:; are the z coordinates identical and can therefore be neglected.
- the x 'and y' axes coincide with the x and y axes.
- the focus spots 62 along the scan path 54 have a strictly monotonic distance from the center 56 of the scan path.
- each rotation has k »3,618 focus spots. In this way, a homogeneous density of the focus spots 62 per azimuth angle area is ensured.
- FIG. 8 likewise shows the projection of a three-dimensional scan path 54 which generates a section 70 which the Has the shape of a curved surface in three-dimensional space, corresponds along the z-axis.
- the distances between the focus spots and the scan path center 56 are shown according to their temporal origin for the first example according to FIG. 3.
- the time t is shown on the horizontal axis and the distance D between the focus spots 62 and the center of the scan path 56 is shown on the vertical axis.
- the scan path 54 was traversed from the inside (small distances from the scan path center 56) to the outside (larger distances from the scan path center 56).
- the distance between the focus spots 62 and the scan path center 56 increases strictly monotonically with the time t.
- the scan path 54 has the shape of a spiral. The strict monotony also applies to three imaginary focus spots 66 which are entered in the diagram as unfilled points.
- the mean distances between two consecutive focus spots 62 are additionally marked with a cross ⁇ .
- the absolute value of the difference between the distances from the center of the scan path 56 of two successive focus spots 62 decreases proportionally to an inverse mean distance of the successive focus spots 62 from the center of the scan path 56.
- the example thus shows a scan pattern 50 of focus spots 62 which lie on a spiral around the scan path center 56, in which the density of the focus spots 62 in the scan pattern 50 is the same over all radial distances from the scan path center 56. This thus enables a particularly homogeneous cut 70 to be produced in a patient's eye 90.
- FIG. 10 shows a scheme for evaluating a scan pattern 50 with a distribution measure.
- the evaluation serves to identify local blurring of focus spots 62.
- the innermost focus spot 62 and ten further focus spots are drawn in from the first example according to FIG. 3.
- a circle (dotted line) is drawn around the innermost focus spot 62 - the focus spot in the center of the circle.
- the circle is divided into four equal segments I, II, III and IV.
- the circle has a radius which is so large that at least one further focus spot 62 in each Circle segment is present.
- the smallest distance of all focus spots 62 present in the circle segment to the focus spot in the center of the circle is now determined for each circle segment. These distances are shown as arrows with a line of dots and lines.
- the difference between the maximum and the minimum of the four minimum distances from the four circle segments is now assigned as a measure to the focus spot in the center of the circle.
- This measure describes how great the deviations in the distances from adjacent focus spots 62 are.
- the measure for the distance between a focus spot 62 and its neighbors is formed for all focus spots 62 in the scan pattern 50.
- a mean value and a standard deviation are then assigned to the distribution of these measures. This is the measure of distribution. If the mean value and / or the standard deviation exceed a limit value, local accumulations of focus spots 62 occur. In such a case, new control data are advantageously generated until the distribution measure satisfies the limit value.
- asymmetry effects are to be taken into account, this effect is advantageously taken into account when calculating the distances.
- a corresponding asymmetry factor is used in the metric, for example.
- FIG. 11 shows a scheme for evaluating a scan pattern 50 with an alternative distribution measure.
- each focus spot 62 of the scan pattern 50 according to the first example from FIG. 3 is assigned an area corresponding to the size of the effective focus area 64.
- An area will be assigned to the entirety of the effective focus areas 64 of all focus spots 62 of the scan pattern 50.
- overlapping areas of two or more effective focus areas 64 of different focus spots 62 are only taken into account once (and not multiple times) when assigning the area.
- This area of the entirety of the focus effective areas 64 of the focus spots 62 of the scan pattern 50 in the cutting plane is set in relation to the area of the cut 70.
- the alternative distribution measure has a value of 0.8, which means that the cut area is covered by 80% of focus effective areas becomes.
- a scan pattern 50 for a fourth example is shown in FIG. Local accumulations of focus spots 62 occur here.
- the figure shows a central section of 140mm by 140mm around the origin in the xy plane.
- the size of the points shown corresponds to a diameter of approximately 2 mm and corresponds to the diameter of an effective focus area 64.
- the first focus spot 62 is also set there.
- the distance between two successive focus spots 62 decreases with the inverse mean distance from the center of the scan path 62.
- the distance between two focus spots 62 corresponds to the diameter of a focus effective area 64 of 2 mm.
- the numbers 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2 and 1 are used for the seven coefficients z 1 to z 7.
- a pulse selection device is controlled in such a way that it only provides every 768th laser pulse for the pulsed laser beam 12.
- a focus effective area 64 of p mm 2 can be assigned to a focus spot 62 if the radius is assumed to be 1 mm.
- a scan pattern 50 is sought in which the focus spots 62 lie on a spiral around the scan path center 56 and in which the difference in the distances from the scan path center 56 of two successive focus spots 62 is proportional to an inverse mean distance of the successive focus spots 62 from the scan path center 54.
- F i 2 applies.
- F 1 0
- the positions of the focus spots 62 in FIG. 12 are described with the aforementioned expressions for r s, 1 and F i.
- FIG. 12 shows local alignments of focus spots 62 at greater distances from the center of the scan path. Spokes are formed.
- the value of the alternative distribution measure in the detail shown in FIG. 12 is approximately 0.65, i.e. approximately 65% of the cut surface 70 are covered by effective focus areas 64. The value varies between approximately 0.8 for the inner area of the cut 70 shown and 0.53 for the edge area. Spoke formation is therefore advantageously recognized by evaluating the scan pattern 50 by using the distribution measure for focus spots 62 for large distances from the center of the scan path 56.
- FIG. 13 shows a scan pattern 50 for a fifth example.
- the section shown and the parameters for the laser pulse frequency correspond to the values from the fourth example.
- nine coefficients z 1 to z 9 become the numbers 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1 and 2 used.
- the resulting scan pattern 50 does not show any local accumulations of focus spots 62.
- the value of the alternative distribution measure is approximately 0.84. At the edge of the section shown, the value of the alternative distribution measure is around 0.87.
- FIGS. 12 and 13 show that the formation of spokes is recognized with the aid of the distribution measure and is eliminated by increasing the approximation levels according to the invention. In this way it can be ensured that a scan pattern 50 for severing tissue is made possible with a high cutting quality.
- the irrational number IR approximated via a continued fraction should have the smallest possible coefficients. If larger coefficients are used (for example greater than 5), the irrational number can often be approximated by a rational number that corresponds to a fraction of numbers smaller than 500. Even then, spokes easily form in the scan pattern 50.
- FIG. 14 shows a spiral scan pattern 50 for a sixth example. Local accumulation of focus spots 62 occurs here again.
- the section shown as well as the size of the effective focus areas and the parameters for the laser repetition frequency correspond to the values from the fourth example (according to FIG. 12).
- a pulse selection device is activated again in such a way that it only provides every 768th laser pulse for the pulsed laser beam 12.
- the further calculation of the distances and azimuth angles of the focus spots 62 with respect to the scan path center 56 takes place as is described in the fourth example for FIG. 12.
- 14 shows local accumulations of focus spots 62 at greater distances from the center of the scan path 56 (formation of spokes).
- the value of the alternative distribution measure in the section shown in FIG. 14 is approximately 0.74. The value varies between approximately 0.85 for the inner area of the cut 70 shown and 0.64 for the edge area.
- the value of the alternative distribution measure is approximately 0.86. At the edge of the section shown, the value of the alternative distribution measure is around 0.88.
- a first scan pattern 50 (zone 1) is generated spirally up to a distance from the scan field center 56 of approximately 31 mm; the focus spots 62 are identified as black dots (the radius in this example does not correspond to the effective focus area 64).
- Zone 2 follows radially, its Focus spots 62 are shown as black squares. Zone 2 extends up to a distance of approximately 227 mm from the center of the scan path 56, which corresponds to the center of the scan path of zone 1. Zone 2 is followed by a zone 3 with a third scan pattern 52. A transition area between zones 2 and 3 of 70 mm ⁇ 70 mm is shown in FIG. The focus spots 62 of the third scan pattern 52 are shown as black diamonds.
- Table 1 shows the parameters of a total of 4 scan patterns that can generate a total of a section with a diameter of 6mm.
- the successive Fibonacci numbers 21 and 34 were selected as the IR, for which there is no formation of spokes in the zones shown.
- the scan path centers are identical for all four scan patterns.
- the cut 70 in the eighth example will be generated in a time of about 13.5 seconds.
- Scan path center 56 of less than 0.91mm is too small, which would lead to unnecessary stress on the eye. If one were to generate the entire cut 70 with the parameters of zone 1, a time of just under two hours are required. The subdivision of the cut 70 into several zones with different scan patterns thus makes it possible to minimize the treatment time, while at the same time a predetermined density of focus spots can be maintained.
- the dependence of the radius of the scan path 54 on the index i of the focus spots shown above can also be described by a time dependence of the scan path radius for all radial zones:
- f P corresponds to the frequency of the laser f L / D divided down depending on the radial zone and to denotes the point in time at which the scan path radius r 0 .
- the scan path radius r (t) (apart from the radius r 0 ) does not depend linearly on the time t but on a root function of the time t.
- the scan being terminated at the latest at the point in time at which the radicand becomes zero.
- the scan path radius r (t) therefore also depends here, apart from a constant, on a root function of time.
- the focus of the laser beam can be moved by means of a scan mirror or a rotary scanner (an objective is rotated around an axis of rotation) according to the above formulas as a function of time.
- This solution according to the invention is characterized as follows:
- a description of a device based on method features applies analogously to the corresponding method with regard to these features, while method features correspondingly represent functional features of the device described.
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- Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102019214020.3A DE102019214020A1 (de) | 2019-09-13 | 2019-09-13 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Generierung von Steuerdaten für ein ophthalmologisches Lasertherapiegerät |
| PCT/EP2020/075029 WO2021048096A1 (de) | 2019-09-13 | 2020-09-08 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur generierung von steuerdaten für ein ophthalmologisches lasertherapiegerät |
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| EP4027956A1 true EP4027956A1 (de) | 2022-07-20 |
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| EP20768032.3A Pending EP4027956A1 (de) | 2019-09-13 | 2020-09-08 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur generierung von steuerdaten für ein ophthalmologisches lasertherapiegerät |
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| Country | Link |
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| EP (1) | EP4027956A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102019214020A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2021048096A1 (de) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US20230255829A1 (en) * | 2022-01-10 | 2023-08-17 | Amo Development, Llc | Laser cataract surgery using spiral lens segmentation pattern |
| DE102023122201A1 (de) * | 2023-08-18 | 2025-02-20 | Carl Zeiss Meditec Ag | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Erzeugen mindestens einer Schnittfläche, Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Erzeugen von Steuerdaten |
| DE102023124729A1 (de) * | 2023-09-13 | 2025-03-13 | Carl Zeiss Meditec Ag | Vorrichtung zum Erzeugen von Steuerdaten, Kontaktelement, Behandlungsvorrichtung, Verfahren zum Erzeugen von Steuerdaten, Verfahren zur refraktiven Korrektur |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5984916A (en) | 1993-04-20 | 1999-11-16 | Lai; Shui T. | Ophthalmic surgical laser and method |
| US6110166A (en) | 1995-03-20 | 2000-08-29 | Escalon Medical Corporation | Method for corneal laser surgery |
| US7717906B2 (en) * | 2002-11-13 | 2010-05-18 | Technolas Perfect Vision Gmbh | System and method for photoablation using multiple focal points with rotating beam splitter |
| DE10334110A1 (de) | 2003-07-25 | 2005-02-17 | Carl Zeiss Meditec Ag | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Ausbilden gekrümmter Schnittflächen in einem transparenten Material |
| DE102006053118B4 (de) * | 2006-11-10 | 2022-02-17 | Carl Zeiss Meditec Ag | Planungseinrichtung zum Vorbereiten von Steuerdaten für eine Behandlungsvorrichtung zur operativen Fehlsichtigkeitskorrektur, Behandlungsvorrichtung zur operativen Fehlsichtigkeitskorrektur und Verfahren zum Vorbereiten von Steuerdaten dafür |
| ES2338723T3 (es) * | 2008-04-22 | 2010-05-11 | Wavelight Ag | Dispositivo para la cirugia ocular de optica laser. |
| BRPI0924566A2 (pt) * | 2009-05-26 | 2016-08-30 | Wavelight Gmbh | sistema para cirurgia oftálmica a laser |
| KR102777976B1 (ko) | 2017-03-31 | 2025-03-07 | 앤마리 힙슬레이 | 눈 레이저 수술 및 치료적 처치를 위한 시스템 및 방법 |
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2019
- 2019-09-13 DE DE102019214020.3A patent/DE102019214020A1/de active Pending
-
2020
- 2020-09-08 EP EP20768032.3A patent/EP4027956A1/de active Pending
- 2020-09-08 WO PCT/EP2020/075029 patent/WO2021048096A1/de not_active Ceased
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| DE102019214020A1 (de) | 2021-03-18 |
| WO2021048096A1 (de) | 2021-03-18 |
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