EP3983350A2 - Dolomite consolidation - Google Patents

Dolomite consolidation

Info

Publication number
EP3983350A2
EP3983350A2 EP20851739.1A EP20851739A EP3983350A2 EP 3983350 A2 EP3983350 A2 EP 3983350A2 EP 20851739 A EP20851739 A EP 20851739A EP 3983350 A2 EP3983350 A2 EP 3983350A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
dolomite
nanoparticles
nanodispersive
solution
stone
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP20851739.1A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3983350A4 (en
Inventor
Fulya Karahan DAG
Emine N. CANER-SALTIK
Ayse TAVUKÇUOGLU
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Orta Dogu Teknik Universitesi
Original Assignee
Orta Dogu Teknik Universitesi
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Orta Dogu Teknik Universitesi filed Critical Orta Dogu Teknik Universitesi
Publication of EP3983350A2 publication Critical patent/EP3983350A2/en
Publication of EP3983350A4 publication Critical patent/EP3983350A4/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B22/00—Use of inorganic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. accelerators or shrinkage compensating agents
    • C04B22/06—Oxides, Hydroxides
    • C04B22/062—Oxides, Hydroxides of the alkali or alkaline-earth metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
    • C01F11/00—Compounds of calcium, strontium, or barium
    • C01F11/02—Oxides or hydroxides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B14/00—Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B14/02—Granular materials, e.g. microballoons
    • C04B14/26—Carbonates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2/00—Lime, magnesia or dolomite
    • C04B2/02—Lime
    • C04B2/04—Slaking
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B20/00—Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
    • C04B20/02—Treatment
    • C04B20/026—Comminuting, e.g. by grinding or breaking; Defibrillating fibres other than asbestos
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • C04B28/10—Lime cements or magnesium oxide cements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/009—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone characterised by the material treated
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
    • C04B41/50—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials
    • C04B41/5072—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials with oxides or hydroxides not covered by C04B41/5025
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
    • C01P2004/51—Particles with a specific particle size distribution
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
    • C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
    • C01P2004/62—Submicrometer sized, i.e. from 0.1-1 micrometer
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00008—Obtaining or using nanotechnology related materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/54—Substitutes for natural stone, artistic materials or the like
    • C04B2111/547—Imitating ancient compositions, e.g. mediaeval mortars; Compositions specially designed for restauration of ancient buildings or building elements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/72—Repairing or restoring existing buildings or building materials

Definitions

  • Ca(OH)2 and Mg(OH)2 nanoparticles were dispersed in alcohol (preferably ethyl alcohol) by means of ultrasonic vibration and approximately 16 hours of magnetic stirring.
  • Ca(OH)2 and Mg(OH)2 nanodispersive solution was produced containing nanoparticles sized 400nm on the average and a concentration of 5% (weight/volume).
  • the invention (the Ca(OH)2 and Mg(OH)2 nanodispersive solution) must be applied right after the stirring process has ended before precipitation of any nanoparticles in the solution occurs.
  • Mg/Ca ratio of the solution is 1, that is, Mg and Ca are in equal amounts. If the solution is kept for a while, Ca(OH)2 nanoparticles, which are larger in comparison to Mg(OH)2 nanoparticles, were found to precipitate, and increase the Mg/Ca ratio of the solution.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Compounds Of Alkaline-Earth Elements, Aluminum Or Rare-Earth Metals (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)

Abstract

This invention offers an ideal stone consolidation method which will be used particularly for the conservation of historical structures constructed with dolomite. The invention covers the production of Ca(OH)2 and Mg(OH)2 nanodispersive solution from dolomite itself and the method of its application to strengthen the deteriorated dolomite stone (dolostone) by synthesizing dolomite within the weak parts of the stone.

Description

DOLOMITE CONSOLIDATION
Technical Field
This invention is related to a method for the consolidation of dolomite (CaMg(CCb)2) in historical structures constructed with dolomite by means of synthesizing dolomite within the stone itsef.
State of the Art (Prior Art)
Certain materials used in the conservation of historical structures such as cement or polymer- based mortars are not compatible with the original materials of those historical structures and their use present several decay problems. For instance, if a structure constructed with dolomite is restored by using sulfate bearing cement-based mortars, deterioration starts very quickly. As cement-based mortars are not compatible with dolomite in terms of porosity and water vapour permeability. Their use causes moisture in the structure and the dolomite goes through chemical decomposition in the basic conditions created by the cement. Release of Mg2+ ions from dolomite and sulfate (SO42 ) ions originating from cement lead to the formation of magnesium sulphate salts such as epsomite and hexahydrate. Presence of those salts in the dolomite causes several decay problems that result in material loss of structure such as powdering, scale and flake formation, granular disintegration, breakdowns and crack formation. Therefore, the development of compatible repair mortars and consolidation treatments are needed to consolidate the deteriorated dolomite, and to eliminate such problems in the conservation of cultural heritage.
In the state of the art, the issue of historic stone consolidation using nanoparticles is gaining importance in the conservation of cultural heritage. Nanoparticle solutions are capable of penetrating the finest microfissures in the weak stone. The consolidation of limestone (CaCCb), by using calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) nanoparticles/dispersions and the formation of calcium carbonate in fine cracks and capillaries compatible with the composition of the limestone has proved to be effective consolidation method for limestones .
Therefore, the ideal method for the consolidation of dolomite stone (dolostone) is to synthesize dolomite mineral within the weak parts of the stone. However, dolomite is a unique mineral that cannot be synthesized under normal atmospheric conditions at the laboratory due to kinetic inhibitions (such as the difficulty in the formation of regularly interchanging layers of calcium and magnesium cations between carbonate anions in a growing dolomite crystal). Dolomite can only be observed in very specific geological environments
On the other hand, for compatible conservation of dolomite, there is a need for the consolidation of deteriorated parts of dolomite (such as cracks, pores, or capillaries) by the formation of dolomite. Even if the synthesis of dolomite is challenging, It is achieved through the carbonation of a Ca(OH)2 and Mg(OH)2 nanodispersive solution produced together from the dolomite itself.
Brief Description and Purposes of the Invention
This invention refers to a method of consolidation of deteriorated dolomite by means of a Ca(OH)2 and Mg(OH)2 nanodispersive solution prepared from dolomite itself and synthesizing dolomite within deteriorated parts of stone that meets the above requirements, eliminates the disadvantages and offers additional advantages by providing compatibility and long-term durability.
The primary purposes of the invention are to develop a nanomaterial that will lead to dolomite formation within the dolomite for its consolidation and to develop a treatment/application method for dolomite synthesis by using that nanomaterial. That invention has crucial importance for the conservation of historical structures constructed with dolomite.
The main purpose of the invention is to consolidate the deteriorated dolomite by forming dolomite within the stone and increase its physical and physicomechanical properties For that purpose, a Ca(OH)2 and Mg(OH)2 nanodispersive solution prepared from the dolomite itself is used. Application of that particular nanodispersive solution to the stone and synthesis of dolomite within the stone by the carbonation of hydroxide particles under proper carbonation conditions is expected to serve as a cure of weak dolomite with its own cells.
The nanodispersive solution prepared with this invention is capable of easily penetrating the very small pores and cracks within the dolomite structure and increases the chance of a compatible consolidation with the original stone. Description of the Figures
Figure 1: Flowchart that demonstrates the steps of preparing Ca(OH)2 and Mg(OH)2 nanodispersive solution, carbonation of that solution within and out of the stone and formation/synthesis of dolomite.
Descriptions of Elements/Sections/Parts of the Invention
The steps of the invention involving the preparation of Ca(OH)2 and Mg(OH)2 nanoparticles solution, carbonation of that solution within and out of the stone and formation/synthesis of dolomite are numbered separately. The description of each numbered step is provided below in an order.
1: Powdering of the dolomite stone obtained from the quarry by the help of a pulveriser
2: Sieving of pulverized dolomite through a 0.125 mm sieve and the collection of samples that pass through the sieve.
3: Production of CaO (lime) and MgO (periclase) through thermal decomposition of dolomite sample in a 850-950 °C oven.
4: Hydration of CaO and MgO to obtain Ca(OH)2 (portlandite) and Mg(OH)2 (brucite) nanoparticles by the reaction with distilled water in an ultrasonic bath for 1 hour.
5: Drying the hydrated sample in a desiccator
6: Production of Ca(OH)2 (portlandite) and Mg(OH)2 (brucite) nanoparticles
7: Dispersion of Ca(OH)2 and Mg(OH)2 nanoparticles in ethyl alcohol by means of ultrasonic vibration and approximately 16 hours of magnetic stirring and production of a nanodispersive solution containing nanoparticles having an average size of 400nm and concentration of 5% (weight/volume).
8: Application of Ca(OH)2 and Mg(OH)2 nanodispersive solution (when Mg:Ca ratio is 1 right after the termination of stirring) to the deteriorated areas of the dolomite (such as thin cracks and pores) and carbonation of nanoparticles within the stone in a desiccator under high relative humidity (80-95%) and high CO2 partial pressure (/?C02~0.3-0.4 atm).
9: Dolomite synthesis within the deteriorated dolomite and its consolidation. 10: Carbonation of the nanodispersive solution solution in petri dishes in a desiccator under high relative humidity (80-95%) and high CO2 partial pressure (pCOi -0.3-0.4 atm)
11: Synthesis and isolation of dolomite at the laboratory environment within a few weeks
Detailed Description of the Invention
The natural dolomite samples in the invention were obtained from the dolomite quarries in Midyat, Mardin. These samples were powdered with a pulverizer, then the particles were sieved through 0.125 mm sieve and the particles that passed through the sieve were collected. CaO (lime) and MgO (periclase) were produced through thermal decomposition of collected dolomite particles in a 850-950 °C (preferably in 900°C) oven.
CaO and MgO mixture was hydrated in an ultrasonic bath for 1 hour by the addition of distilled water more than the stoichiometric ratio. The hydrated sample was dried in the desiccator. Finally, Ca(OH)2 (portlandite) and Mg(OH)2 (brucite) nanoparticles were produced with 100% efficiency.
Ca(OH)2 and Mg(OH)2 nanoparticles were dispersed in alcohol (preferably ethyl alcohol) by means of ultrasonic vibration and approximately 16 hours of magnetic stirring. Ca(OH)2 and Mg(OH)2 nanodispersive solution was produced containing nanoparticles sized 400nm on the average and a concentration of 5% (weight/volume).
The invention (the Ca(OH)2 and Mg(OH)2 nanodispersive solution) must be applied right after the stirring process has ended before precipitation of any nanoparticles in the solution occurs. At the time of preparation, Mg/Ca ratio of the solution is 1, that is, Mg and Ca are in equal amounts. If the solution is kept for a while, Ca(OH)2 nanoparticles, which are larger in comparison to Mg(OH)2 nanoparticles, were found to precipitate, and increase the Mg/Ca ratio of the solution. Upon carbonation of nanodispersive solution where Mg(OH)2 nanoparticles are more, the formed minerals are calcite (CaCCb), nesquehonite (MgCCbJFhO) and a trace amount of dolomite.
Dolomite synthesis and isolation was achieved through carbonation of the Ca(OH)2 and Mg(OH)2 nanodispersive solution (when Mg:Ca ratio was 1) under high relative humidity conditions of 80-95% (preferably 95%) and high CO2 partial pressure of pC02 -0.3-0.4 atm (preferably pC02 =0.4 atm) in petri dishes at the laboratory within a few weeks.
Dolomite synthesis was also achieved within dolomite stone samples at the laboratory when Ca(OH)2 and Mg(OH)2 nanodispersive solution was injected/impregnated into the weakened dolomite samples under the same high humidity and high CO2 pressure conditions. The solution penetrated through the stone, carbonated in the pores and cracks and consolidated/strengthened the stone by forming dolomite.
The approppriate conditions for carbonation process was provided at laboratory conditions. High relative humidity was ensured by a saturated KNCb solution placed on the base of the desiccator. CO2 was supplied in the desiccator through the reaction of concentrated oxalic acid and sodium bicarbonate in a beaker.

Claims

1. A method for producing nanodispersive solution from dolomite itself, containing a mixture of Ca(OH)2 and Mg(OH)2 nanoparticles, characterized by following steps;
• Pulverizing the dolomite stone and collecting the samples under 0.125 mm,
• Heating the collected samples at a temperature of 850-950 °C to produce CaO and MgO,
• Hydration of CaO and MgO in an ultrasonic bath to get Ca(OH)2 and Mg(OH)2 nanoparticles,
• Drying hydrated samples in a desiccator,
• Dispersing Ca(OH)2 and Mg(OH)2 nanoparticles in alcohol by means of ultrasonic vibration and magnetic stirring,
• Obtaining a nanodispersive solution containing a mixture of Ca(OH)2 and Mg(OH)2 nanoparticles with Mg:Ca ratio 1.
2. A nanodispersive solution containing a mixture of Ca(OH)2 and Mg(OH)2 nanoparticles, produced by a method according to Claim 1, characterized by its use for dolomite synthesis, and consolidation of deteriorated dolomite in historical structures constructed with dolomite
3. A method for the synthesis of dolomite, characterized by the carbonation of Ca(OH)2 and Mg(OH)2 nanodispersive solution (produced by a method according to Claim 1) under high relative humidity of 80-95% and high CO2 partial pressure of pCOi ~ 0,3- 0,4 atm within a few weeks.
4. A method for the consolidation of deteriorated dolomite in historical structures characterized by dolomite synthesis within deteriorated parts of the stone by the application of the solution containing Ca(OH)2 and Mg(OH)2 nanoparticles through cracks and pores and its carbonation according to Claim 3.
EP20851739.1A 2019-08-15 2020-08-13 Dolomite consolidation Pending EP3983350A4 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
TR2019/12292A TR201912292A2 (en) 2019-08-15 2019-08-15 STRENGTHENING THE DOLOMITE STONE
PCT/TR2020/050705 WO2021029845A2 (en) 2019-08-15 2020-08-13 Dolomite consolidation

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3983350A2 true EP3983350A2 (en) 2022-04-20
EP3983350A4 EP3983350A4 (en) 2022-08-31

Family

ID=74571280

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP20851739.1A Pending EP3983350A4 (en) 2019-08-15 2020-08-13 Dolomite consolidation

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3983350A4 (en)
TR (1) TR201912292A2 (en)
WO (1) WO2021029845A2 (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US12480035B2 (en) 2023-03-16 2025-11-25 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Compositions and methods for utilizing ground calcium carbonate for consolidating carbonate rock formation

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4140534A (en) * 1978-03-06 1979-02-20 General Refractories Company Process for producing synthetic magnesite - dolomite sinter
US5908801A (en) * 1997-05-23 1999-06-01 Servicios Industriales Penoles, S.A. De C.V. Process for the production of synthetic dolomite
DE10327514B3 (en) * 2003-06-17 2005-01-20 Ziegenbalg, Gerald, Dr.rer.nat. Treatment for consolidating mineral inorganic building material, e.g. stucco, or restoring stone, cement or historical article, involves applying alkaline earth metal alcoholate and hydrolyzing to hydroxide in alcohol or 2-methylpentane
DE102006027915B4 (en) * 2006-06-17 2010-08-26 K+S Ag Process for the preparation of Mg (OH) 2 nanoparticles
CN101318781A (en) * 2008-07-08 2008-12-10 浙江大学 A kind of method that prepares superfine magnesium oxide from dolomite
DE102009034700B4 (en) * 2008-07-25 2013-08-22 Bene_Fit Systems Gmbh & Co. Kg Nanoscale calcium and / or magnesium compounds for use as flame retardants in polymers

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
TR201912292A2 (en) 2021-02-22
WO2021029845A2 (en) 2021-02-18
WO2021029845A3 (en) 2021-07-22
EP3983350A4 (en) 2022-08-31

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