EP3953697A1 - Procede et systeme pour la mesure de la stabilite a l'oxydation et/ou de la stabilite thermique d'un carburant - Google Patents
Procede et systeme pour la mesure de la stabilite a l'oxydation et/ou de la stabilite thermique d'un carburantInfo
- Publication number
- EP3953697A1 EP3953697A1 EP20712620.2A EP20712620A EP3953697A1 EP 3953697 A1 EP3953697 A1 EP 3953697A1 EP 20712620 A EP20712620 A EP 20712620A EP 3953697 A1 EP3953697 A1 EP 3953697A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fuel
- sample
- deposit
- measurements
- reference threshold
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/26—Oils; Viscous liquids; Paints; Inks
- G01N33/28—Oils, i.e. hydrocarbon liquids
- G01N33/2805—Oils, i.e. hydrocarbon liquids investigating the resistance to heat or oxidation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
- G01N27/026—Dielectric impedance spectroscopy
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of the analysis and characterization of a fuel, in particular a fuel intended for land or aeronautical transport.
- It relates more particularly to a method and a system for measuring, and thus monitoring, the oxidation stability and / or the thermal stability of the fuel.
- the anti-pollution standards imposed on vehicles encourage manufacturers to develop increasingly efficient engines in order to reduce emissions at source, that is to say, from combustion, this which results in current combustion engine technology with increasingly severe diesel injection system operating conditions, with an increase in thermal stresses (T> 150 1 ), an increase in pressure (P> 2500 bar) associated with a reduction in the diameter of the injector holes.
- fatty acid methyl ester biofuels FAME
- HVO hydrotreated vegetable oil
- oxidation stability concerns all sectors (for example HEFA or ATJ-SPK, etc.).
- the thermal stability of jet fuels is controlled and measured through the JFTOT TM test (Jet Fuel Thermal Oxidation Tester, for thermal oxidation of jet fuels), and an example of which is described in the standard method ASTM D 3241.
- the JFTOT TM test consists of circulating a jet fuel around a heated tube.
- this equipment has the drawbacks of being bulky and having a difficult interpretation.
- the JFTOT TM test is not representative of the problems encountered by manufacturers and does not discriminate sufficiently between the various kerosene present on the market.
- Patent application PCT / EP2018 / 073335 (filing number) is also known, which relates to a device for measuring the oxidation stability and / or the thermal stability of any type of fuel, including diesel, by a miniaturization of the test system using the microfluidic technique.
- the physical phenomena to which fuels are subjected are reproduced by the microchannels of the microfluidic chip, which comprise means representative of the injection of fuel and / or the circulation of fuel for a drive system, for example a internal combustion engine, or an aeronautical reactor.
- this method does not allow the mass of deposits formed to be measured.
- the present invention aims to overcome these drawbacks.
- the present invention relates to a method and a system for monitoring the tendency of a fuel to degrade and to form a deposit, and thus to be able to act in prevention.
- the present invention relates to a system for characterizing the oxidation stability and / or thermal stability of a fuel, said system comprising at least:
- said device for determining the mass of a deposit can be a piezoelectric microbalance.
- said piezoelectric microbalance may be a quartz piezoelectric microbalance.
- said device for electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurement can comprise at least one frequency response analyzer.
- said device for electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurement may comprise at least one sensor with interdigitated electrodes.
- said system may further comprise means for automating the measurements carried out by said device for electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurement and / or by said device for determining a mass of a deposit.
- said system can further include means for transmitting said measurements and / or means for processing said measurements.
- said means for processing said measurements can make it possible, from a measurement carried out by means of said device to carry out an electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurement, to perform a spectral analysis to determine values of components of an equivalent electrical representation of said sample, said components of said equivalent electrical representation comprising at least a first resistor in series with a capacitor, the capacitor being in parallel with a second resistor.
- the invention further relates to a method for characterizing the oxidation stability and / or thermal stability of a fuel over time, in which, from at least one sample of said fuel, at least the following steps for each time slot of a plurality of time slots: i) electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements are carried out on said sample and measurements of the variation in mass of a deposit which has formed in said sample by means of the system as described above;
- values of the components of an equivalent electrical representation of said sample are determined, said components of said equivalent electrical representation comprising at least a first resistance in series with a capacitor, said capacitor being in parallel with a second resistor;
- the oxidation stability and / or stability are characterized. thermal of said sample of said fuel for said time interval.
- step iii) can be carried out by comparing at least part of said values of said components of said equivalent electrical representation of said sample for said time interval and / or said values of said measurements of said variation mass of said deposit for said time interval at predetermined reference threshold values.
- step iii) can be applied by means of at least a first reference threshold value for the capacitance of said capacitor equal to approximately 6.10 11 F and a second reference threshold value for said capacitance of said capacitor being equal to approximately 1.10 10 F, said first reference threshold value for said capacitor being an indicator of an onset of oxidation of said fuel sample and said second reference threshold value for said capacitor being an indicator of a start of deposit formation in said sample.
- step iii) can be applied by means of at least a first reference threshold value for said second resistor defined by R1 -init / 2 and a second reference threshold value for said second resistance defined by R1 - init / 5, where R1 -init is a value of said second resistance determined for said first time interval, said first reference threshold value for said second resistance being an indicator of a start of oxidation of said fuel sample and said second reference threshold value said second resistance being an indicator of the start of deposit formation in said sample.
- step iii) can be applied by means of at least a first reference threshold value for said first resistance defined by R0-init / 2 and a second reference threshold value for said first resistance defined by R0- init / 5, where RO-init is a value of said first resistance determined for said first time interval, said first reference threshold value for said first resistance being an indicator of a start of oxidation of said fuel sample and said second reference threshold value said first resistance being an indicator of an onset of deposit formation in said sample.
- step iii) can be applied by means of at least one reference threshold value for said variation in mass of said deposit equal to approximately 15 pg / cm 2 as an indicator d a beginning of deposit formation in said sample.
- said reference threshold values can be predetermined by means of a reference fuel sample and at least one reference method for characterizing the oxidation and / or the thermal stability of a fuel.
- Figures 1A and 1B illustrate a distribution of the field lines between a negative electrode and a positive electrode respectively in the form of combs and in the form of plates.
- Figures 2A and 2B schematically show the equivalent electrical representation between, respectively, a simple dielectric fluid located between 2 electrodes and a dielectric fluid having deposition on the surface of at least one electrode.
- Figure 3 illustrates an example of a Nyquist diagram, representing the imaginary part of the electrochemical impedance measured as a function of its real part.
- FIG. 4 illustrates a non-limiting example of a system according to a variant of the invention.
- Figures 5A, 5B and 5C show the variations over time respectively of the values of the resistors RO, R1 and of the capacitor C1 of an electrical equivalent determined from measurements carried out by means of the system according to the invention on a fuel sample BO diesel type.
- FIG. 6 shows the variation in mass over time resulting from measurements carried out by means of the system according to the invention on the fuel sample of FIGS. 5A to 5C.
- FIG. 7 shows the change in the value of the induction period as a function of time, resulting from measurements carried out with a device according to the prior art.
- Figures 8A, 8B and 8C show the variations over time respectively of the values of the resistors RO, R1 and of the capacitor C1 of an electrical equivalent determined from measurements carried out by means of the system according to the invention on a fuel sample biodiesel type FIVO.
- FIG. 9 shows the variation in mass over time resulting from measurements carried out by means of the system according to the invention on the fuel sample of FIGS. 8A to 8C.
- Figures 10A, 10B and 10C show the variations over time respectively of the values of the resistors RO, R1 and of the capacitor C1 of an electrical equivalent determined from measurements carried out by means of the system according to the invention on a fuel sample aeronautical type.
- FIG. 11 shows the variation in mass over time resulting from measurements carried out by means of the system according to the invention on the fuel sample of FIGS. 10A to 10C.
- the present invention relates to a method and a system for characterizing the oxidative stability and / or thermal stability of a fuel, for example from a sample of the fuel to be studied.
- the fuel to be studied can be any type of fuel, which includes land and aeronautical fuels (jet or jet fuel, diesel, gasoline), including land and aeronautical biofuels.
- the system and method according to the invention comprises the combination of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements in a fuel sample and measurements of the mass of a deposit forming in that fuel sample.
- This combination of different measurements makes it possible to reliably characterize the evolution of changes in the electrochemical state of a fuel sample subjected to oxidation and / or to a rise in temperature, and thus for example to detect in advance ( or in other words upstream) the formation of a deposit in this sample.
- this combination of different measurements allows detection of the start of the formation of a deposit in a fuel sample.
- the system according to the invention comprises at least:
- a device for determining a variation in mass of a deposit forming in this fuel for example from a sample of this fuel sample fuel.
- the system according to the invention is configured so that the two types of measurements, carried out by means of the device for an electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurement and by means of the device for determining a variation in mass of a deposit, be simultaneous or in other words synchronous.
- electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (hereinafter referred to as SIE) is a technique for analyzing the dynamic behavior of an electrochemical system, which consists in applying an electrical disturbance to this system as a function of time, and in following its response in time. More precisely, if an electrochemical system is subjected to an electrical voltage, the current response of the system will reflect the polarization mechanisms involved in the material and the charge transfer phenomena at the material / electrode interfaces.
- electrochemical impedance and permittivity are complex quantities describing the ability of matter to polarize under the influence of an electric field.
- the device for an electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurement used for implementing the method according to the invention comprises at least one frequency response analyzer ("Frequency Response Analyzer") connected to at least two electrodes.
- the frequency response analyzer is a Solartron 1260, sold for example by the company Ametek SI (United States).
- the Solartron 1260 frequency response analyzer can be supplemented by the 1296 dielectric interface, sold for example by the company Ametek SI (United States), for an improvement of the signal up to 106 times.
- Such a device makes it possible to measure by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy very high impedances up to 10 14 W.
- the range of frequencies available with such an example of a Frequency Response Analyzer extends from 10 mHz to 30 MHz. .
- the range of frequencies explored by means of said frequency response analyzer extends between approximately 5 Hz and 105 Hz.
- fuels being fluids that are rather poor electrical conductors classified in so-called “dielectric” materials
- the frequency response analyzer can be controlled by means of a computer and software installed on this computer.
- the software can be the SMaRT software developed by the company High Tech Detection Systems (France).
- the electrodes of the device for an electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurement correspond to a sensor with interdigitated electrodes.
- This type of sensor is particularly suitable for dielectrometry measurements on poorly conductive materials, such as fuels.
- the interdigitated sensor is composed of a set of positive and negative electrodes arranged in the form of interlaced combs (in other words, the interdigitated sensor is formed of an alternation of positive and negative electrodes).
- the electrodes are deposited on an insulating substrate and extended by two electric wires ensuring the connection to a potentiostat. In the case of such a sensor with interdigitated electrodes, an electric field is created between a positive electrode and a negative electrode.
- FIG. 1A illustrates such a distribution of the field lines between an ELN negative electrode and an ELP positive electrode in the form of combs.
- the interdigitated sensor used is of the IDEX micron MS-25 / 60HT type marketed by the company Netzsch, in which the electrodes are made of nickel, separated by a distance of 25 ⁇ m and deposited on a quartz substrate.
- FIG. 1B illustrates such a distribution of the field lines, between an ELN negative electrode and an ELP positive electrode in the form of plates.
- an equivalent electrical representation of the fuel sample is determined, this equivalent electrical representation comprising at least a first resistor in series with a capacitor , the capacitor being in parallel with a second resistor.
- the SIE spectra of all liquids can be modeled by an equivalent electrical circuit comprising resistors and capacitors. Complements can be found on an example of spectral analysis in order to determine an electrical equivalent of a liquid in the document (De Souza et al., 2013).
- Figures 2A and 2B schematically show the equivalent electrical representation between respectively a simple dielectric fluid located between two electrodes and this same dielectric fluid with a deposit on the surface of at least one electrode.
- RO is the resistance corresponding to all the ionic contributions in the liquid
- R1 is the resistance related to charge transfer
- C1 is a capacitance which represents an indicator proportional to the dielectric constant of the fluid studied.
- the spectral analysis may consist in determining a diagram (called the Nyquist diagram) as presented in FIG. 3, and which consists in representing the imaginary part of the electrochemical impedance Imag (Z ) measured as a function of its real part Real (Z). From such a diagram, one can determine the value of the resistors RO and R1 from the intersections of this diagram with the axis of the imaginary zero values, and the value of the capacitor C1 from an equation of the type: [Math 1]
- f max is the stress frequency at the top of the semi-circle of the Nyquist diagram.
- a variation in the mass of a deposit formed in the sample of the fuel to be studied is determined by means of at least one piezoelectric microbalance.
- a piezoelectric microbalance makes it possible to measure very low masses by measuring the change in resonant frequency of a piezoelectric crystal. More precisely, in a piezoelectric microbalance, piezoelectric stimulation is applied via electrodes to a piezoelectric crystal, which then undergoes an oscillation. The resonant frequency of the crystal being correlated with its mass, any variation in mass of the crystal (for example generated by a deposit on the crystal) generates a variation in the resonant frequency of this crystal. From the measurement of the frequency variation, the mass variation can be determined, for example by means of a formula of the type, based on the Sauerbrey relation:
- n is the number of the oscillating harmonic of the crystal
- f 0 is the resonant frequency of the crystal (in Hz)
- p q is the shear modulus of the crystal
- p q is the density of the crystal
- A is the piezoelectric surface of the crystal (area between the electrodes, in cm 2 )
- Afs and Am are respectively the variations in frequency (in Hz) and mass (in g).
- the piezoelectric microbalance used for implementing the method according to the invention is a quartz crystal microbalance (in English Quartz crystal microbalance or QCM), also known by the term quartz microbalance. Indeed, quartz is characterized by an excellent quality factor.
- a quartz microbalance such as the eQCM 10M model sold by the company GAMRY Instruments (United States) is used.
- the piezoelectric microbalance is coupled with a potentiostat capable of operating in an aqueous medium, such as the model sold under the reference 600 by the company GAMRY Instruments (United States).
- a potentiostat makes it possible to apply a potential or a current (which may or may not be variable) to the terminals of the electrodes, in this case the electrodes of the microbalance.
- the electrodes of the device for determining the variation in mass of a deposit that has formed in the sample of the fuel to be studied are also used for the device for an electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurement.
- the electrodes of the system according to the invention are common both to the device for determining the variation in mass of a deposit having formed in the sample of the fuel to be studied and to the device for a spectroscopy measurement of electrochemical impedance.
- the system according to the invention can further comprise means for automating the measurements to be carried out by the device to carry out an electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurement and the device for determining a mass d 'a deposit forming in this fuel sample.
- the electrochemical impedance and mass spectroscopy measurement devices of a deposit can be controlled by a PLC.
- This automaton can make it possible to preprogram the measurements to be carried out, and can in particular make it possible to synchronize them.
- the automaton can, for example, make it possible to define a sequencing of the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements to be carried out, and this simultaneously with the mass measurements of a deposit.
- the device may further comprise means for the transmission (for example by electrical wire, by optical fiber, or wireless) of the measurements carried out by the device to carry out a spectroscopy measurement of electrochemical impedance and by the device for determining a mass of a deposit forming in this fuel sample, and / or means for processing (for example by computer using a microprocessor) the measurements made by the device for performing an electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurement and the device for determining a mass of a deposit forming in this fuel sample.
- the means for processing the measurements can comprise a computer on which at least one spectral analysis method is implemented to determine an equivalent electrical representation of the fuel sample studied from the measurements. of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.
- a method for jointly analyzing the evolution over time of the values of the components of the equivalent electrical representation of the sample studied and of the values of variation in mass of a deposit in the sample is also implemented on this computer.
- the joint analysis can in particular aim to determine whether predefined thresholds, beyond which a deposit is forming in the sample, have been reached.
- the means for processing the measurements can also comprise means for alerting when a deposit is forming in the sample, such as an audible or light alarm or any other type of alert means.
- FIG. 4 illustrates a non-limiting example of an embodiment of the system according to the invention for characterizing the oxidation stability and / or the thermal stability of an ECH fuel sample, comprising at least one MSIE device for carrying out a spectroscopy measurement electrochemical impedance in G sample, an MDM device for determining a mass of a deposit forming in the fuel sample, these two MSIE and MDM devices sharing the same EL electrode.
- these two MSIE and MDM devices are controlled by means of AUT automation of the measurements carried out by these two devices, the automation means AUT being moreover connected by channel for example. Wired FIL to ANL means for processing these measurements.
- the invention relates to a method for characterizing the oxidative stability and / or the thermal stability of a fuel.
- the method according to the invention is implemented using at least one sample of the fuel to be studied and comprises at least three steps which are each applied for a time interval of a plurality of time intervals. These time intervals can, for example, regularly or irregularly cut out a period during which it is desired to monitor the oxidation stability and / or the thermal stability of this fuel sample.
- the method according to the invention comprises at least the following steps for a given time interval:
- an electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurement is carried out on the fuel sample, as well as a measurement of the variation in mass of a deposit having formed in this sample by means of a system for characterizing the stability at the oxidation and / or the thermal stability of a sample of a fuel according to any one of the implementation variants described above;
- these steps i) to iii) are repeated for each of the time intervals dividing the time period over which it is desired to monitor the oxidation stability and / or the thermal stability of the fuel sample studied.
- the electrochemical impedance measurement makes it possible to have a qualitative approach to the various changes appearing within a fluid, while the measurement of the variation mass of the deposit makes it possible to quantify a deposit and thus to monitor the fouling kinetics of real equipment.
- the combination of the analysis of electrochemical impedance measurements and measurements of mass variations makes it possible to detect upstream the start of aging of the fuel sample, a detection which would not be possible reliably with the one of the two types of measure taken individually.
- the impedance measurement considered alone could lead to interpretation errors whereas, combined with the measurement of the variation in mass of the deposit, the interpretation becomes more reliable, as demonstrated in the application examples. below.
- step iii) can be applied, by comparing at least part of the values of the components of the equivalent electrical representation of the sample and / or the values of the measurements of the variation in mass. of the deposit in the sample at predetermined reference threshold values.
- the reference threshold values are predetermined by means of a reference fuel sample and by means of at least one reference method for characterizing the stability to oxidation and / or the thermal stability of a fuel sample.
- the method of measurement of the induction period (reference may be made to the standard methods ASTM D525 or ASTM D7545, or standard EN 15751) and / or the standard method ASTM D2274 for the monitoring of the formation of insoluble liquids.
- ASTM D525 or ASTM D7545, or standard EN 15751 the standard methods ASTM D525 or ASTM D7545, or standard EN 15751
- ASTM D2274 for the monitoring of the formation of insoluble liquids.
- it is then possible to use these predefined threshold values to detect upstream by means for example of any variant of the system according to the invention, the formation of a deposit in another sample of 'a fuel identical or similar to that on which the threshold values have been predetermined.
- the value of the capacitor C1 increases, for example from a value C1 -init of the order of 4. 10 -11 F, and if:
- capacitor C1 reaches a reference threshold value of approximately 6.10 -11 F, it can be concluded that the oxidation of the fuel has started, or in other words that there is the onset of fouling in the fuel sample considered; or
- resistor R1 (respectively RO) is less than a reference threshold value equal to half of R1 -init (respectively RO-init), it can be concluded that the aging of the fuel has started ; or
- the value of the resistor R1 (respectively RO) is less than a reference threshold value equal to one fifth of R1 -init (respectively RO- init), then the formation of a deposit in the sample is effective, or even is at an advanced stage.
- the value of the resistor RO is very markedly less than the value of the resistor R1 (by very markedly lower is meant that RO is less than at least 0.0TR1), then the evolution over time of the values of the resistance RO is not taken into account to characterize the stability to oxidation and / or the thermal stability of the fuel studied.
- the value of the variation in mass DM is greater than 15 pg / cm 2 (the mass is referred to the surface of the measurement electrode), then this means that l fouling is found.
- a cross interpretation is carried out of the values taken over time by the resistors RO, R1, the capacitor C1 and the variation in mass DM for determining a reliable state of progress of a deposit in the sample considered, for example on the basis of the reference threshold values predefined above.
- the advantage of such a crossed interpretation is demonstrated in the application examples below, and in particular in the case of Example 2 for which a reliable conclusion could be drawn thanks to such a crossed interpretation.
- a fuel is subjected to an artificial aging process, via a rise in temperature and oxidation.
- the fuel is BO type diesel.
- the fuel is a biodiesel of the HVO 9263 type.
- the fuel is an aircraft fuel.
- the method according to the invention is implemented by means of a system as described above, comprising in particular a device for an electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurement (hereinafter referred to as SIE measurement), in the form of a frequency response analyzer and a sensor with interdigitated electrodes, and a device for determining a mass of a deposit in the form of a quartz microbalance (allowing a measurement referred to as EQCM measurement thereafter).
- SIE measurement electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurement
- EQCM measurement a device for determining a mass of a deposit in the form of a quartz microbalance
- the fuel is type B0 diesel.
- Table 1 The operating conditions of this example are presented in Table 1.
- Figures 5A, 5B and 5C respectively show the variations in time T respectively of resistances RO, R1, and of capacitor C1 d 'an electrical equivalent determined from EIS measurements carried out continuously.
- FIG. 6 shows the variation in mass DM over time T resulting from the EQCM measurement carried out continuously.
- FIG. 7 represents the change in the value of the IP as a function of time T, resulting from the measurement of the IP carried out continuously with a device according to the prior art.
- Figure 7 which confirms that the product is no longer stable.
- Phase 4 extending between 20 and 40 hours: one can observe in Figures 5A, 5B and 5C that the resistance values are stable, which indicates a constancy in the chemical nature of the medium.
- a strong increase in capacitance C1 can be observed, which reveals a change in the capacitance at the SIE sensor / electrode interface, and which may be an indicator of the formation of a deposit.
- the EQCM measurement increases significantly, which confirms the interpretation of the increase in capacity C1 according to which deposition occurred in the fuel sample tested. .
- the combination of the interpretation of the two types of measurement, SIE and EQCM allows a conclusion to be drawn.
- the fuel is HVO type biodiesel (9263).
- the operating conditions of this example are presented in Table 2.
- Figures 8A, 8B, 8C and 9 show the results of this example.
- Figures 8A, 8B and 8C respectively show the variations in time T respectively of resistors R0, R1, and of the capacitance C1 of an electrical equivalent. determined from EIS measurements carried out continuously.
- FIG. 9 shows the variation in mass DM over time T resulting from the EQCM measurement carried out continuously.
- the fuel is an aircraft fuel.
- the operating conditions of this example are presented in Table 3.
- Figures 10A, 10B, 10C, and 1 The results of this example are shown in Figures 10A, 10B, 10C, and 1 1.
- Figures 10A, 10B and 10C respectively show the variations in time T respectively of resistors RO, R1, and of the capacitance C1 of a electrical equivalent determined from EIS measurements carried out continuously.
- FIG. 11 shows the variation in mass DM over time T resulting from the EQCM measurement carried out continuously.
- the electrochemical impedance measurement makes it possible to have a qualitative approach to the various changes appearing within the fluid, making it possible to reach conclusions similar to that of a PI measurement according to the prior art.
- the IP measurement can therefore be advantageously replaced by an EIS measurement, which is more precise, fast, less expensive and more descriptive.
- the EQCM measurement makes it possible directly to quantify the deposit obtained, and therefore to follow the kinetics and the rate of fouling that could have been observed on real equipment.
- the two types of measurement SIE and EQCM, are complementary, and in particular provide qualitative and quantitative information relating to the various mechanisms appearing in a fuel in the aging phase.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1903777A FR3095046B1 (fr) | 2019-04-09 | 2019-04-09 | Procédé et système pour la mesure de la stabilité à l’oxydation et/ou de la stabilité thermique d’un carburant |
| PCT/EP2020/058557 WO2020207813A1 (fr) | 2019-04-09 | 2020-03-26 | Procede et systeme pour la mesure de la stabilite a l'oxydation et/ou de la stabilite thermique d'un carburant |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3953697A1 true EP3953697A1 (fr) | 2022-02-16 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP20712620.2A Withdrawn EP3953697A1 (fr) | 2019-04-09 | 2020-03-26 | Procede et systeme pour la mesure de la stabilite a l'oxydation et/ou de la stabilite thermique d'un carburant |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20220187272A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP3953697A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3095046B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2020207813A1 (fr) |
Citations (1)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20090115434A1 (en) * | 2007-11-02 | 2009-05-07 | Hirthe Richard W | Sample Cell for Hand-Held Impedance Spectroscopy Device |
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| WO1995002821A1 (fr) * | 1993-07-14 | 1995-01-26 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Procede et appareil de test de la stabilite thermique d'un carburant d'aviation |
| EP1474676A4 (fr) * | 2001-12-20 | 2005-03-09 | Prec Instr Corp | Systeme de capteur d'etat d'huile en ligne pour machines rotatives et a mouvement alternatif |
| US6778913B2 (en) * | 2002-04-29 | 2004-08-17 | Cadex Electronics Inc. | Multiple model systems and methods for testing electrochemical systems |
| ES2275445B1 (es) * | 2003-04-11 | 2008-06-01 | Sasol Technology (Pty) Ltd | Combustible diesel con bajo contenido de azufre y combustible para turbinas de aviacion. |
| US10746680B2 (en) * | 2006-11-16 | 2020-08-18 | General Electric Company | Sensing system and method |
| US9140679B2 (en) * | 2010-12-28 | 2015-09-22 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Process for characterizing corrosivity of refinery feedstocks |
| US9464242B2 (en) * | 2010-12-28 | 2016-10-11 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Processes and systems for characterizing and blending refinery feedstocks |
| CN104364631B (zh) * | 2012-06-12 | 2016-10-05 | 富士通株式会社 | 环境测定装置以及环境测定方法 |
| US9274071B2 (en) * | 2013-12-30 | 2016-03-01 | General Electric Company | Methods for assessing cell culture fluid by impedance spectra |
| KR102344339B1 (ko) * | 2016-04-04 | 2021-12-28 | 베링거 인겔하임 에르체파우 게엠베하 운트 코 카게 | 제제 정제의 실시간 모니터링 |
| US11619621B2 (en) * | 2016-08-24 | 2023-04-04 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Application of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in drilling fluid composition measurements |
-
2019
- 2019-04-09 FR FR1903777A patent/FR3095046B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2020
- 2020-03-26 US US17/436,282 patent/US20220187272A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2020-03-26 EP EP20712620.2A patent/EP3953697A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2020-03-26 WO PCT/EP2020/058557 patent/WO2020207813A1/fr not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20090115434A1 (en) * | 2007-11-02 | 2009-05-07 | Hirthe Richard W | Sample Cell for Hand-Held Impedance Spectroscopy Device |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2020207813A1 (fr) | 2020-10-15 |
| FR3095046A1 (fr) | 2020-10-16 |
| US20220187272A1 (en) | 2022-06-16 |
| FR3095046B1 (fr) | 2021-10-08 |
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