EP3914677A2 - Estolide esters and use thereof as a base oil in lubricants - Google Patents
Estolide esters and use thereof as a base oil in lubricantsInfo
- Publication number
- EP3914677A2 EP3914677A2 EP20700952.3A EP20700952A EP3914677A2 EP 3914677 A2 EP3914677 A2 EP 3914677A2 EP 20700952 A EP20700952 A EP 20700952A EP 3914677 A2 EP3914677 A2 EP 3914677A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- acid
- acids
- carbon atoms
- hydroxycarboxylic acids
- monoalcohols
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C69/00—Esters of carboxylic acids; Esters of carbonic or haloformic acids
- C07C69/66—Esters of carboxylic acids having esterified carboxylic groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and having any of the groups OH, O—metal, —CHO, keto, ether, acyloxy, groups, groups, or in the acid moiety
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
- C10M105/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
- C10M105/32—Esters
- C10M105/42—Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at least three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compound: monohydroxy compounds, polyhydroxy compounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids and hydroxy carboxylic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C67/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
- C07C67/04—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by reacting carboxylic acids or symmetrical anhydrides onto unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C67/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
- C07C67/08—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by reacting carboxylic acids or symmetrical anhydrides with the hydroxy or O-metal group of organic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/30—Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at leasst three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compounds: monohydroxyl compounds, polyhydroxy xompounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids or hydroxy carboxylic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/30—Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at leasst three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compounds: monohydroxyl compounds, polyhydroxy xompounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids or hydroxy carboxylic acids
- C10M2207/301—Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at leasst three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compounds: monohydroxyl compounds, polyhydroxy xompounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids or hydroxy carboxylic acids used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
- C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
- C10N2020/02—Viscosity; Viscosity index
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/02—Pour-point; Viscosity index
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/64—Environmental friendly compositions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/66—Hydrolytic stability
Definitions
- Estolide esters and their use as a base oil in lubricants are also useful as a base oil in lubricants.
- the present invention relates to estolide esters, their production and use as base oils for lubricants and these lubricants.
- Synthetic esters have been used as base fluids or additives for lubricants for decades.
- the driving force behind this development was initially the concern about the finite nature of the crude oil reserves.
- thoughts about toxicity and biodegradability also played an increasingly important role.
- the aspect of sustainability is becoming increasingly important.
- closed material cycles from renewable raw materials should be used.
- a balanced C02 balance is one of the decisive factors.
- Lubricants are said to reduce the friction between moving surfaces. This significantly reduces wear between the workpieces and prevents excessive heat build-up. To cool the lubricants the surface and ensure that particles are removed.
- esters have a number of advantages over mineral oils. Due to the polarity of the ester group, they have a high affinity for metal surfaces. This results in good lubricating properties. They have a lower volatility than mineral oils and a high viscosity index, which means that the viscosity is less dependent on the temperature. Esterification with dicarboxylic acids allows the viscosity values of the esters to be varied within a wide range. However, esters also have disadvantages. Oxidation stability and thermal stability are not always sufficient for critical applications, especially with some unsaturated esters.
- the saponification is carried out in a mineral oil and then filled up with ester oil, or else finished metal soaps are used.
- ester oil or else finished metal soaps are used.
- Other thickeners, such as polyurea, can also be used.
- Hydroxycarboxylic acids include unsaturated hydroxycarboxylic acids with a)
- estolide esters according to the invention are thus obtainable by esterifying hydroxy acids with one another. This creates oligomers or polymeric esters.
- the reaction mixture also contains either monocarboxylic acids or monoalcohols. These serve as 'capping agents' because they prevent further oligomerization or polymerization.
- polyols with at least two hydroxyl groups or carboxylic acids with at least two carboxy groups are used. These serve for further crosslinking in order to increase the degree of oligomerization or polymerization. These connections are also called composite agents.
- monocarboxylic acids having 6 to 22 carbon atoms and monoalcohols are used together and thus serve as capping agents.
- unsaturated hydroxycarboxylic acids are used as hydroxycarboxylic acids. It is also possible to use additionally saturated hydroxycarboxylic acids. Hydroxycarboxylic acids are carboxylic acids that carry at least one hydroxyl group, but they can also carry several hydroxyl groups.
- Preferred lengths of the hydroxycarboxylic acids are 12 to 18 or 12 to 20 carbon atoms. They can be branched or unbranched. Preferred examples of such unsaturated hydroxycarboxylic acids are ricinoleic acid, lesquerolic acid, 15-hydroxy-linoleic acid, auricolic acid or hydroxypalmitoleic acid and mixtures thereof. Ricinoleic acid is particularly preferred.
- the proportion of unsaturated hydroxycarboxylic acids in the hydroxycarboxylic acids is preferably 10% by weight, more preferably at least 25% by weight or at least 50% by weight or at least 80% by weight or at least 99% by weight.
- saturated fatty acids e.g. hydrogenated ricinoleic acid, hydroxypalmitic acid or hydroxydodecanoic acid or mixtures thereof.
- monocarboxylic acids having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, preferably 6 to 18 carbon atoms, are used as the second constituent.
- monocarboxylic acids are hexanoic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, pelargonic acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, arachidonic acid and behenic acid or mixtures thereof.
- branched monocarboxylic acids are in particular isostearic acids and monomer acids.
- Monomer acids are a by-product of the production of dimer fatty acids. Dimer fatty acids are made from different fatty acids by means of boiling. A fatty acid with conjugated double bonds (conjugic acid) and other unsaturated fatty acids are necessary.
- fatty acids are conjugated linoleic acids.
- the reaction takes place by means of Diels-Alder addition, which forms a partially unsaturated C6 ring.
- trimers and monomers of the fatty acids can also be present in a mixture.
- Monomer acids are separated from the reaction mixture by distillation.
- Polyols are used as the third component.
- the polyols are compounds which carry at least two hydroxyl groups. In contrast to the hydroxycarboxylic acids, they must not have a carboxylic acid function.
- the polyols preferably contain no ⁇ -H atoms.
- polyols are trimethylolpropane, di-trimethylolpropane, neopentyl glycol, pentaerythritol, dipentaerytrithol, monoethylene glycol (1,2 ethanediol) and mixtures thereof.
- monoalcohols having 8 to 18 carbon atoms are used as the second component.
- Particularly suitable monoalcohols are: a) octanol, decanol, isotridecyl alcohol, and mixtures thereof.
- Polyvalent carboxylic acids that is to say carboxylic acids with at least two carboxy groups, are then used as the third component. In contrast to the hydroxycarboxylic acids, they must not have a hydroxy function
- 1,4-butanedioic acid succinic acid
- 1,6-hexanedioic acid adipic acid
- Nonanedioic acid azelaic acid
- 1,10-decanedioic acid sebacic acid
- the monocarboxylic acids or monoalcohols (capping agents) are branched or at least branched compounds are contained in a mixture.
- the carboxylic acids are branched with at least two carboxy groups or polyols (compounding agents) or at least branched compounds are contained in a mixture.
- both compounding agents and capping agents are branched or at least branched compounds are contained in a mixture.
- a range from 3: 1 to 1: 1 has proven to be suitable.
- a molar ratio of hydroxycarboxylic acids to polyols has proven to be a ratio of 12: 1 to 2: 1, preferably 7: 1 to 2: 1.
- the estolide esters according to the invention typically have a viscosity of at least 80 mm 2 / s at 40 ° C. If only monoalcohols and monoacids according to variant c) are used, the estolide esters according to the invention typically have a viscosity of at least 40 mm 2 / s at 40 ° C.
- the invention also relates to a process for the preparation of the estolide esters according to the invention, comprising the steps of esterifying
- hydroxycarboxylic acids with 12-24 carbon atoms, the hydroxycarboxylic acids comprising unsaturated hydroxycarboxylic acids
- estolide esters according to the invention as a base oil for lubricants and a lubricant containing an estolide ester according to the invention.
- Such lubricants preferably contain further additives selected from the group of antioxidants, defoamers, extreme pressure additives, wear inhibitors and pour point depressants.
- Reaction mixture is ⁇ 30 mg KOH / g.
- the mixture is cooled and 285.9 g of isotridecyl alcohol and 0.1 g of SnO are added as a catalyst.
- the product is then esterified at 180-220 ° C and 10-100 mbar until the acid number is ⁇ 2 mg KOH / g. After removing the catalyst, an ester with a viscosity of approx. 46 mm 2 / s is obtained.
- Reaction mixture is ⁇ 30 mg KOH / g.
- the mixture is cooled and 66.8 g of TMP and 0.1 g of SnO are added as a catalyst.
- the product is then esterified at 180-220 ° C and 10-100 mbar until the acid number Is ⁇ 2 mg KOH / g. After removing the catalyst, an ester with a viscosity of about 225 mm 2 / s is obtained.
- the hydrolysis stability of the estolides was determined in accordance with ASTM D 2619. The difference in the acid number before and after the test was used as the measurement variable. The values of the estolides according to Examples 1-3 were compared with complex esters of the respective ISO VG class.
- estolides according to the invention were compared.
- the values of the estolides according to Examples 1-3 were compared with complex esters of the respective ISO VG class.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP19153186 | 2019-01-23 | ||
PCT/EP2020/051661 WO2020152286A2 (en) | 2019-01-23 | 2020-01-23 | Estolide esters and use thereof as a base oil in lubricants |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3914677A2 true EP3914677A2 (en) | 2021-12-01 |
Family
ID=65200699
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP20700952.3A Pending EP3914677A2 (en) | 2019-01-23 | 2020-01-23 | Estolide esters and use thereof as a base oil in lubricants |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US11591535B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3914677A2 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2022518576A (en) |
KR (1) | KR20210119400A (en) |
AU (1) | AU2020211346A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2020152286A2 (en) |
Family Cites Families (23)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5458795A (en) * | 1994-01-28 | 1995-10-17 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Oils thickened with estolides of hydroxy-containing triglycerides |
JPH07228881A (en) * | 1994-02-17 | 1995-08-29 | Ito Seiyu Kk | Ester composition |
CN102066539B (en) * | 2008-05-14 | 2017-02-08 | 科学与工业研究委员会 | Castor oil fatty acid based estolide esters and their derivatives as potential lubricant base stocks |
CN102549128B (en) * | 2009-09-24 | 2014-03-05 | 陶氏环球技术有限责任公司 | Estolide compositions having excellent low temperature properties |
US8637689B2 (en) * | 2010-08-31 | 2014-01-28 | Biosynthetic Technologies, Llc | Catalytic processes for preparing estolide base oils |
US20130289291A1 (en) * | 2010-09-24 | 2013-10-31 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Estolide derivatives prepared from triglycerides |
US8236194B1 (en) * | 2011-06-17 | 2012-08-07 | Lubrigreen Biosynthetics, Llc | Refrigerating fluid compositions comprising estolide compounds |
WO2012173774A1 (en) * | 2011-06-17 | 2012-12-20 | Lubrigreen Biosynthetics, Llc | Estolide compositions exhibiting high oxidative stability |
US8829216B2 (en) * | 2011-08-31 | 2014-09-09 | Biosynthetic Technologies, Llc | Hydroxy estolides, poly-capped estolides, and methods of making the same |
SG10201600292YA (en) * | 2011-12-19 | 2016-02-26 | Biosynthetic Technologies Llc | Processes For Preparing Estolide Base Oils And Oligomeric Compounds That Include Cross Metathesis |
US9018406B2 (en) * | 2012-03-27 | 2015-04-28 | Biosynthetic Technologies, Llc | Dicarboxylate-capped estolide compounds and methods of making and using the same |
EP2855420A4 (en) * | 2012-06-04 | 2015-07-08 | Biosynthetic Technologies Llc | Processes for preparing estolide base oils and lubricants that include transesterification |
WO2015006352A1 (en) * | 2013-07-09 | 2015-01-15 | Biosynthetic Technologies, Llc | Polyol estolides and methods of making and using the same |
WO2015047903A1 (en) * | 2013-09-25 | 2015-04-02 | Biosynthetic Technologies, Llc | Two-cycle lubricants comprising estolide compounds |
BR112016006787A2 (en) * | 2013-10-02 | 2017-08-01 | Biosynthetic Technologies Llc | solid compositions exhibiting superior lubricant composition properties |
JP6761851B2 (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2020-09-30 | エボニック オペレーションズ ゲーエムベーハー | Use of polyglycerol ester as a friction modifier in lubricant formulations |
KR20180088888A (en) * | 2015-11-30 | 2018-08-07 | 바이오신세틱 테크놀로지스 엘엘씨 | Ultra High Viscosity Estolide Base Oil and Process for its Preparation |
CN108779057A (en) * | 2016-11-04 | 2018-11-09 | 亨斯迈石油化学有限责任公司 | The polylactone and production and preparation method thereof of vegetable oil alcoxylates |
DE102018002041A1 (en) * | 2017-03-29 | 2018-10-04 | Klüber Lubrication München Se & Co. Kg | New ester compounds, process for their preparation and their use |
DE102018002891A1 (en) * | 2017-04-13 | 2018-10-18 | Klüber Lubrication München Se & Co. Kg | New ester compounds, process for their preparation and their use |
JP6518815B1 (en) * | 2018-05-01 | 2019-05-22 | 第三化成株式会社 | Ester compounds and lubricating base oils |
US11104859B2 (en) * | 2019-08-12 | 2021-08-31 | The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary Of Agriculture | Polyethylene diester viscosity modifiers |
US20210115352A1 (en) * | 2019-10-22 | 2021-04-22 | University Of North Texas | Lubricant compositions having enhanced estolide content, methods of making, and uses thereof |
-
2020
- 2020-01-23 KR KR1020217023081A patent/KR20210119400A/en unknown
- 2020-01-23 US US17/424,383 patent/US11591535B2/en active Active
- 2020-01-23 AU AU2020211346A patent/AU2020211346A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2020-01-23 WO PCT/EP2020/051661 patent/WO2020152286A2/en unknown
- 2020-01-23 JP JP2021543520A patent/JP2022518576A/en active Pending
- 2020-01-23 EP EP20700952.3A patent/EP3914677A2/en active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU2020211346A1 (en) | 2021-08-12 |
JP2022518576A (en) | 2022-03-15 |
US20220112439A1 (en) | 2022-04-14 |
WO2020152286A3 (en) | 2020-10-01 |
WO2020152286A2 (en) | 2020-07-30 |
US11591535B2 (en) | 2023-02-28 |
KR20210119400A (en) | 2021-10-05 |
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