EP3911928A1 - Multilinsen-kamerasystem und verfahren zur hyperspektralen aufnahme von bildern - Google Patents
Multilinsen-kamerasystem und verfahren zur hyperspektralen aufnahme von bildernInfo
- Publication number
- EP3911928A1 EP3911928A1 EP20703376.2A EP20703376A EP3911928A1 EP 3911928 A1 EP3911928 A1 EP 3911928A1 EP 20703376 A EP20703376 A EP 20703376A EP 3911928 A1 EP3911928 A1 EP 3911928A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- images
- lens
- image
- image sensor
- different
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/02—Details
- G01J3/0205—Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. optical manifolds, diffusers, windows
- G01J3/0229—Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. optical manifolds, diffusers, windows using masks, aperture plates, spatial light modulators or spatial filters, e.g. reflective filters
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/02—Details
- G01J3/0205—Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. optical manifolds, diffusers, windows
- G01J3/0208—Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. optical manifolds, diffusers, windows using focussing or collimating elements, e.g. lenses or mirrors; performing aberration correction
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/02—Details
- G01J3/0205—Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. optical manifolds, diffusers, windows
- G01J3/0237—Adjustable, e.g. focussing
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/02—Details
- G01J3/0264—Electrical interface; User interface
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/02—Details
- G01J3/0289—Field-of-view determination; Aiming or pointing of a spectrometer; Adjusting alignment; Encoding angular position; Size of measurement area; Position tracking
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
- G01J3/2803—Investigating the spectrum using photoelectric array detector
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
- G01J3/2823—Imaging spectrometer
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
- G01J3/30—Measuring the intensity of spectral lines directly on the spectrum itself
- G01J3/36—Investigating two or more bands of a spectrum by separate detectors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B3/00—Simple or compound lenses
- G02B3/0006—Arrays
- G02B3/0037—Arrays characterized by the distribution or form of lenses
- G02B3/0043—Inhomogeneous or irregular arrays, e.g. varying shape, size, height
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B3/00—Simple or compound lenses
- G02B3/0006—Arrays
- G02B3/0037—Arrays characterized by the distribution or form of lenses
- G02B3/0056—Arrays characterized by the distribution or form of lenses arranged along two different directions in a plane, e.g. honeycomb arrangement of lenses
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/20—Filters
- G02B5/201—Filters in the form of arrays
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
- H04N23/50—Constructional details
- H04N23/55—Optical parts specially adapted for electronic image sensors; Mounting thereof
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
- G01J3/2803—Investigating the spectrum using photoelectric array detector
- G01J2003/2806—Array and filter array
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
- G01J3/2823—Imaging spectrometer
- G01J2003/2826—Multispectral imaging, e.g. filter imaging
Definitions
- the invention relates to a multi-lens camera system and a method for
- hyperspectral recording of images and in particular also for the processing or processing of these images.
- cameras are used which, in addition to a spatial resolution, have a spectral resolution that often goes beyond the visible spectrum.
- spectral resolution For example, when measuring the earth's surface from the air, cameras are often used that not only have a normal RGB color resolution, but also deliver a high-resolution spectrum, possibly into the UV or infrared range.
- Detection of individual planting areas in agricultural areas possible. This can be used, for example, to determine the state of growth or the health of plants or the distribution of various chemical elements such as chlorophyll or lignin.
- hyperspectral imaging allows, for example, recognition and differentiation of different chemical elements based on the spatially resolved spectrum.
- the original setup of a hyperspectral imaging system uses a so-called "pushbroom" scanning setup, in which one dimension is used for a spatial determination and the other dimension for a spectral determination on a two-dimensional image sensor.
- pushbroom scanning setup
- one dimension is used for a spatial determination
- the other dimension for a spectral determination on a two-dimensional image sensor.
- the object of the present invention was to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art and to provide a multi-lens camera system which achieves both a high spectral resolution and a high spatial resolution of a subject.
- the multi-lens camera system according to the invention for hyperspectral recording of images comprises a flat image sensor, a location-sensitive spectral filter element and an imaging system.
- the imaging system comprises a flat lens matrix with a large number of individual lenses, which are arranged in such a way that at a first point in time they generate a large number of first images of a motif arranged in a grid in a first area on the image sensor. Furthermore, the imaging system additionally comprises a further lens which is arranged in the plane of the lens matrix or offset from the plane of the lens matrix (preferably in front of the lens matrix) and is designed for this purpose in a second region of the image sensor and / or at a second time of exposure generate a second image of the motif on the image sensor.
- the lenses are e.g. spherical lenses, cylindrical lenses, holographic lenses or Fresnel lenses or lens systems (e.g. lenses) made of several such lenses. In the following, only “lenses" are spoken for a better understanding, without restricting the general public.
- the further lens has a focal line and / or a different focal length compared to the large number of individual lenses and is positioned such that its second image differs from the first images in at least one surface dimension of the lens Image sensor with respect to the size and / or with respect to the image information of the motif present in front of the filter element.
- Flat image sensors are basically known to the person skilled in the art. These are particularly preferably pixel detectors which allow electronic recording of pixels (“pixels”). Preferred pixel detectors are CCD sensors (CCD: “charge-coupled device”) or CMOS sensors (CMOS: “Complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor”; German: “complementary metal-oxide semiconductor”) ). Sensors based on silicon, but also InGaAs sensors and sensors based on lead oxide or graphene are particularly preferred, in particular for wavelength ranges outside the visible range.
- a spectral filter element which is designed in such a way that it transmits different spectral components of incident light at different positions on the surface of the filter element and does not transmit other spectral components, is referred to here as a "location-sensitive spectral filter element", whereby it is also referred to as
- “Location-dependent spectral filter element” could be called. It is used to filter the images generated by the imaging system on the image sensor according to different (small) spectral ranges.
- the filter element can, for example, be positioned directly in front of the lens matrix or between the lens matrix and the image sensor. It is also preferred that components of the
- Imaging system are designed as a filter element, in particular the lens matrix.
- the substrate of the lens matrix can be designed as a filter element.
- a lens matrix in the sense of the invention comprises a plurality of lenses which are arranged in a grid-like manner with respect to one another, that is to say in a regular arrangement, in particular on a carrier.
- the lenses are preferably arranged in regular rows and columns or offset from one another.
- a rectangular or square or a hexagonal arrangement is particularly preferred.
- the lenses can be, for example, spherical lenses or cylindrical lenses, but aspherical lenses are also preferred in some applications.
- a preferred lens matrix is described in more detail below.
- the lens matrix is arranged in relation to the image sensor in such a way that it generates a large number of images arranged in a grid pattern on the image sensor. Since there are two types of different images within the scope of the invention, the images of the individual lenses are referred to as “first images”. In a special subspecies of conventional spectral cameras (see also FIG. 1), only these first images (and no different second images) exist.
- An "object” or a scenery is referred to as a "motif", i.e. a basically arbitrary area of the room that is captured by the multi-lens camera system.
- the motif may e.g. a (geographical) floor area is also about individual objects, e.g. Products in a production line.
- the first images of hyperspectral images always show the same area of the motif (or the entire motif).
- the filter element who the first images with different (light) wavelengths or in different wavelength ranges recorded by the image sensor. It is noted here that, with regard to the required difference in the image information of the motif, this spectral difference generated by the filter is not meant, since the image information of the motif present in front of the filter element is meant, i.e. the type of representation of the images as they are would be done without a filter element.
- the multi-lens camera system includes an additional lens in addition to the lens matrix. It is explicitly pointed out here that the expression “one” (as is clearly stated in general at the end of the description) should be read as “at least one”, and thus can mean “one” but also "two or more”. This further lens can thus be a single further lens, but also two or more lenses of the same or a different shape.
- the further lens is arranged in the plane of the lens matrix, in particular on the lens matrix, or offset from the plane of the lens matrix.
- the further lens is preferably arranged in front of the lens matrix, that is to say in such a way that the lens matrix lies between the further lens and the image sensor.
- the specification of the positioning is to be understood such that all further lenses can lie in the plane of the lens matrix, in particular on the lens matrix (or on another common plane) or can also be arranged at different distances from the lens matrix.
- the further lens can thus be arranged on a further lens matrix or a further one
- Form lens matrix This would be a 1x1 matrix for a single additional lens and an Ax B matrix for several other lenses.
- the second image differs from the first images and is generated by the second lens (or several second images are generated by a number of further lenses), specifically in a second area of the image sensor and / or at a second time of exposure. If there are a number of further lenses, there are generally also a number of second images, since each additional lens preferably produces a second image. Regarding the second recording time, this case is synonymous with the feature that the additional lens is adjustable or belongs to a changeable optic. In this preferred case, by adjusting the lens or by changing the optics, the further image is changed in size or with respect to other parameters relating to the image information, and another image is automatically present at a different time of exposure, even if the motif does not change.
- the further lens has a focal line (in this case it is a cylindrical lens). Alternatively or additionally, it has a different focal length compared to the large number of individual lenses.
- the further lens (or all further lenses) is positioned in such a way that its second image differs from the first images in at least one area dimension of the image sensor with regard to the size and / or with respect to the image information of the motif in front of the filter element. As already mentioned above, this means images as they would be on the image sensor without a filter element.
- the second figure differs from the first figures.
- This difference is preferably relative to the two surface dimensions of the Image sensor in front (i.e. both its x and y coordinate), but basically only has to be in one surface dimension (i.e. either in the x or y direction of the sensitive surface of the image sensor).
- the difference relates to the size of the images, where it is meant that the second image occupies a smaller or a larger area on the image sensor than the first images (it is preferred here that the second image is larger than the first image and thus a higher one
- the difference can also relate to the image information of the motif present in front of the filter element. So the image information that has not yet been filtered by the filter element. This means that apart from the effect of the filter element, the image information in the second image has different image information than the first images (e.g. the
- the image information relates particularly preferably to the image resolution.
- the further lens is a single lens with a longer focal length. This lens produces an image of the object on the sensor, which images the same image section as each of the individual lenses, but on e.g. four times the sensor area. A higher resolution can be achieved with the further lens
- Location information of the same motif can be generated.
- the image information relates particularly preferably to the representation through a cylindrical lens. Based on the focal line, the image depicts the motif in one area dimension of the image sensor; spectral information could then be measured in the other area dimension (by means of the filter element).
- Cylindrical lens e.g. of the spherical single lens.
- Single lenses are cylindrical lenses, the additional lens would e.g. a larger / smaller cylindrical lens or generally a non-cylindrical lens, e.g. a spherical lens.
- the additional lens would e.g. a larger / smaller cylindrical lens or generally a non-cylindrical lens, e.g. a spherical lens.
- Lens matrix possible, but their shape is different.
- zoom optics can also be provided, by means of which the lens matrix or parts of the lens matrix can be enlarged or reduced, the lens matrix here also being able to be built up homogeneously from individual lenses. Combinations of the above cases are also possible.
- the first images have a resolution of 500 x 500 pixels on the image sensor and a second image have a resolution of 1000 x 1000 (with a spherical further lens with a larger focal length).
- a second image can also have a resolution of 500 x 1 (or even 8000 x 1) if the other lens is a cylindrical lens.
- further pixels of the image sensor are used to obtain spectral information (with the filter element) from the entire area illuminated by the cylindrical lens.
- a cylindrical lens as an additional lens with the same size and the same focal length as the first lenses could also produce an image in the size of 500 x 500 pixels on the image sensor (total illuminated area), but in contrast to the first images only a spatial resolution of 500 x 1 and therefore differs from the first images with regard to the image information of the motif.
- the first and second figures could also be grouped together (especially if there are two or more different second figures).
- the motif should remain unchanged for better understanding.
- the camera can be moved relative to the subject. It is important here, however, that this movement is not necessary to obtain the two groups of images, since the imaging optics are designed in such a way that different types of images are generated.
- a second group of the images comprising the above-mentioned second images has a higher spatial resolution than a first group of the images comprising the first images.
- the filter element due to the large number of first images, the first group of images offers a higher spectral resolution than the second group of images.
- a second image at least if it has a comparatively higher spatial resolution than the first images, can also be referred to as a "spatial grid image" for better understanding.
- the second images have the purpose of representing the motif or an area of the motif very precisely (high resolution). If a cylindrical lens is used as a further lens, the second image has a lower spatial resolution in one dimension of the area of the image sensor (due to the focal line). However, you get a very high spectral resolution, at least higher than that of the first images. It is particularly preferred that the second image differs from the first images in that it has a higher spatial resolution of areas of the motif, or a higher spectral resolution (here after the filter element), at least in one area dimension of the image sensor.
- each sensor pixel can basically provide individual spectral information with a corresponding filter element.
- a high spatial resolution for aerial photo measurements e.g. an image in the range between 3 and 6 megapixels
- the second group of images can comprise a plurality of location raster images, but the goal according to the invention can already be achieved with a single (high-resolution) location raster image.
- Several spatial grid images have the advantage that they can be recorded in different parts of the spectrum and the second group of images thus already offers a certain spectral resolution.
- the first images can also be referred to as “spectral images” for better understanding.
- the number of spectral images typically contributes to the high spectral resolution of the first images.
- the first pictures have the purpose of displaying the motif or a region of the motif with a very good quality of the spectrum that can be recorded by the image detector. As mentioned above, the good spectral resolution is obtained at the expense of the spatial resolution.
- Multi-lens camera system comprises the following steps:
- the multi-lens camera system is therefore aimed at a subject.
- a second image differs from the first images at least in a surface dimension of the image sensor with regard to the size and / or with respect to the image information of the motif present in front of the filter element.
- the method according to the invention comprises the steps:
- the advantage of the present invention is that a motif with such a multi-lens camera system can be imaged both with a high image resolution and can be recorded with a high spectral resolution. Both groups of images are available together for evaluation.
- the invention thus achieves a high spectral resolution with a hyperspectral (“full frame Snapshot ”) multi-lens camera system while also achieving a high spatial resolution. For example, an optimal spectral measurement of
- the lens matrix comprises a multiplicity of individual lenses and, in addition, a further lens which, compared to the individual lenses, has a different diameter and / or a different focal length and / or a different substrate thickness and / or a different distance from the image sensor.
- the lens matrix is designed in such a way that it generates images of different sizes on the image sensor. This has the advantage that the motif is recorded with a different number of image sensors with respect to two images with the different lenses, which means that the motif is recorded with different resolutions.
- the density of the pixels of the image sensor is essentially homogeneous over its area.
- the larger images i.e. those with the higher spatial resolution, can be assigned to the second images (local grid images).
- the smaller images i.e. those with the lower spatial resolution, can be assigned to the first images (spectral images).
- the pictures can be summarized in other groups of pictures, e.g. if there are three or more systematically different image sizes on the image sensor. However, two different illustrations are sufficient for the invention.
- the lens matrix comprises two different lens sizes, with only a single large lens and a large number of small lenses being able to be present. It is important that the number of spectral images is (much) larger than the number the location grid images, in particular by an integral multiple.
- the number of spectral images is preferably more than 5 times, particularly preferably more than 10 times, the spatial raster images.
- the spectral images are recorded at different wavelengths, for example by means of a filter, as will be described in more detail below.
- a spatial raster image can be recorded at a single wavelength, but preference is given to recording in a wavelength interval, preferably an interval which comprises the wavelengths of a plurality of spectral images.
- a panchromatic spatial raster image is also preferred, in particular if only a single spatial raster image is present on the image sensor.
- the lens system has a spherical or cylindrical lens as a further lens, which is larger than the other individual lenses of the lens matrix and which has a different focal length than these individual lenses, there is usually automatically the case that the second image generated by this additional lens differs from the first images in at least one surface dimension of the image sensor with regard to size.
- Multi-lens camera system for hyperspectral recording of images comprising a flat image sensor, a location-sensitive spectral filter element and one
- Imaging system wherein the imaging system comprises a flat lens matrix with a large number of individual lenses, which are arranged in such a way that (at a first point in time) they generate a large number of first images of a motif arranged in a grid in a first area on the image sensor, and additionally a further one Includes lens, which is arranged in the plane of the lens matrix, in particular on the lens matrix, and is designed to generate a second image of the motif on the image sensor in a second region of the image sensor.
- the further lens takes the place of an integer multiple of the individual lenses.
- the large- Ren lenses by a (in particular integer) factor of 2 or more than the other lenses of the lens matrix, at least in one dimension of the lens matrix.
- a cylindrical lens does not necessarily contribute to a higher spatial resolution compared to spherical lenses, although it may well be the case in a surface dimension of the image sensor.
- the first images of the spherical lenses of the lens matrix have a resolution of e.g. 300x300 pixels on the image sensor, these first images are only imaged with 1 spectral filter per lens.
- the cylindrical lens can e.g. have a (spatial) resolution of 300x1 pixels (one area dimension of the image sensor), but with many (e.g. 6000) spectral channels (in the other area dimension of the image sensor).
- the cylindrical lens does not have to have an exact circular path as the outer surface.
- the lens surface could well represent the extrusion of another curve e.g. an ellipse.
- the cylindrical lens can advantageously be used for better interpolation of the spectrum of the individual lenses, but it can also display a different image section, e.g. to record the ambient light. This can e.g. the change in ambient light in the spectrum can be corrected.
- the optical imaging system comprises an optic, preferably a zoom optic, between the lens matrix and the image sensor, which is designed to display images of at least part of the lenses of the lens matrix in different sizes at different exposure times and / or differently sized areas of the motif in the form different images.
- a zoom lens is preferably designed to zoom all images (thus acts for the images of all lenses of the lens matrix) or is preferably designed to zoom a part of the images (thus acts for images of part of the lenses of the lens matrix).
- the lenses of the zoom optics therefore belong to the other lenses.
- the recordings recorded larger taken at a different point in time than first images recorded smaller
- those images that can be zoomed with the zoom optics are preferably considered as second images.
- the zoom optics are preferably designed such that they track the angle of the filter.
- “gaps” occur in the measured spectrum, which may not be evenly distributed.
- a tracking has an advantageous effect here, which preferably comprises a lateral movement parallel to the filter plane and / or a rotation about the surface normal of the filter plane or about the optical axis of the camera. Basically, however, lateral movements in other directions and / or rotations of the filter element about other axes for tracking are also possible.
- the filter would e.g. rotated around the optical axis (or within the plane in which the filter lies), the disadvantage of the "gaps" is compensated.
- the angle of rotation of the filter element is automatically tracked via a mechanical or electronic compensation unit (e.g. a mechanical connection to the zoom optics).
- the tracking thus includes, in particular, an embodiment in which the angle of the filter element to its surface normal (or to the optical axis of the multi-lens camera system) is not fixed, but is designed to be adjustable and particularly preferably depends on or in dependence on the setting of the optical imaging system the setting of the optical imaging system is adjustable.
- the multi-lens camera system contains the optics described above between the lens matrix and the image sensor, there is usually automatically the case that this has a different focal length than the individual lenses of the
- Multi-lens camera system for hyperspectral recording of images comprising a flat image sensor, a location-sensitive spectral filter element and one
- Imaging system wherein the imaging system comprises a flat lens matrix with a plurality of individual lenses, which are arranged in such a way that they have a plurality of first arranged in a grid pattern at a first recording time
- Image sensor (as additional lenses),
- the filter element comprises a mosaic filter, which offers advantages particularly when used together with a zoom lens.
- the mosaic of the mosaic filter is preferably arranged such that large ones
- a preferred form of the mosaic filter is a color mosaic, in particular a
- the filter element a mosaic filter or another filter
- the filter element is applied to the front of a substrate and the lens matrix (e.g. embossed) on the back of the substrate.
- a mosaic filter preferably transmits a different wavelength for each individual lens.
- the filter element it is preferred (in particular in the case of a design as a mosaic filter) that it is designed to be transparent in the imaging region of a further lens on the image sensor, and preferably there is a transparent element in the
- Filter element is present.
- this imaging system is designed to display images of at least part of the lenses of the lens matrix in different sizes at different exposure times.
- This embodiment can be implemented in particular with the aforementioned zoom optics.
- the entire subject is recorded at a first point in time.
- a large number of images of the motif are obtained with the lens grid with a comparatively low spatial resolution but with a high spectral resolution (due to the high number of spectral images).
- a second recording time (which can be before or after the first recording time)
- a larger, higher-resolution image of the subject (second picture) taken.
- the imaging optics are so designed that the individual images on the image sensor are larger at the second point in time than at the first point in time (preferably the entire motif is shown in each image).
- the images of some lenses of the lens matrix are no longer registered by the image sensor. This results in spatial grid images (the images with higher spatial resolution) and spectral images (the images with lower spatial resolution).
- the imaging system is designed to display differently sized areas of the motif in different images.
- the imaging optics are such that individual lenses of the lens matrix are assigned individual zoom optics, the different zoom optics being designed in such a way that zooming into different areas of the motif is carried out.
- four lenses of a uniform lens matrix can be provided with imaging optics in such a way that the image of one lens shows the lower right quarter of the motif enlarged in its respective image on the image sensor, the second lens the upper right quarter, and the two other lenses in each case the lower left and upper quarters. From the quarters (four spatial grid images), the overall motif then results in a higher spatial resolution, while the remaining images of the lens matrix on the image sensor are assigned as spectral images of the first images.
- the optical imaging system preferably the lens matrix, comprises a cylindrical lens as a further lens, for example in its top line.
- the multi-lens camera system is preferably designed such that that part of the image sensor on which the image of the cylindrical lens is generated can be read independently of the rest of the image sensor.
- the sensor readout can thus be limited to the imaging of the cylindrical lens, which has the advantage that the readout rate is increased, since in this case the remaining part of the image sensor is no longer read out.
- the multi-lens camera system can easily be used as a line scanner with a high readout rate, eg for the detection of products in a production line.
- the multi-lens camera system comprises a cylindrical lens as a further lens
- this has a focal line and that its second image differs from the first images in at least one
- Multi-lens camera system for hyperspectral recording of images comprising a flat image sensor, a location-sensitive spectral filter element and an imaging system, the imaging system comprising a flat lens matrix with a large number of individual lenses, which are arranged such that they have a plurality of at a first time of recording generate grid-like arranged first images of a motif in a first area on the image sensor, and additionally comprises a cylindrical lens as a further lens, which is arranged in the plane of the lens matrix, in particular on the lens matrix, in front of the lens matrix or between lens matrix and image sensor and is designed for this purpose to generate a second image of the motif on the image sensor in a second area of the image sensor.
- the multi-lens camera system comprises a processing unit which is designed to overlay and / or to register and / or to overlay the first images with a second image
- the processing unit to link the corresponding image areas of the first images with one another in terms of data technology, the processing unit
- spectral data from pixels of the second image is in particular designed to supplement spectral data from pixels of the second image with spectral data based on the first images and / or to supplement pixels of the first images with spatial data of the second image.
- the filter element comprises a linearly variable filter with filter lines (“gradient filter”), which is preferably rotated at an angle between 1 ° and 45 ° with regard to the direction of the filter lines with respect to the lens matrix.
- the filter element comprises a filter matrix, particularly preferably a mosaic filter.
- the mosaic filter is particularly advantageous for the zoom optics. Common to all filters is that at least because of every first image (i.e. generally every image of the multitude of
- the multi-lens camera system comprises an aperture mask between the lens matrix and the image sensor, apertures on the aperture mask being positioned corresponding to the lenses of the lens matrix and the aperture mask being positioned such that light of the images of the individual lenses passes through apertures of the aperture mask.
- the aperture mask therefore has the same pattern as the lens matrix, with apertures being present there instead of the lenses.
- An optical imaging system e.g. a zoom lens is preferably positioned between the aperture mask and the image sensor. The aperture mask improves the images because it filters out stray light.
- a panchromatic image is recorded as part of a second image (ie at least one spatial grid image).
- several panchomatic images of different areas of the subject and / or with different spectral resolution are preferably taken at different positions of the image sensor (in particular simultaneously) and / or at different measuring times.
- a panchromatic image recording with (hyperspectral) data of the first recordings is preferably superimposed. This has the advantage that it creates a new basis for the assignment of this data.
- the data of a second image are overlaid with the data of the first images (the spectral images) for evaluating the data and / or registered and / or related to one another (see the above explanations for Processing unit or eg "pan-sharpening").
- the second picture can also come from a cylindrical lens.
- the data from a second image are preferred to the following ones
- a length measurement can be carried out.
- the recorded data are preferably processed as follows.
- the calculation is preferably carried out on a computing unit directly in the aircraft (e.g. an aircraft, a drone or a satellite) or subsequently on a computing unit on the ground (“ground PC").
- This includes: a) A comparison of first recordings with a second recording, the second recording being in particular a high-resolution single-channel image.
- Calculation can e.g. as described above.
- Optical image correction spatial and spectral. This is preferably done with the help of ambient light sensors, e.g. a photodiode or a spectrometer.
- the spectral information can be index-based on object properties such as the chemical one using a connected computing unit
- composition of the object can be concluded or a distinction can be made between different substances and objects using classification methods.
- classification in addition to the spectral image information, the classification in particular can
- Structural information from the high-resolution sensor image can also be taken into account.
- a map e.g. a geolocalized measurement map
- a map e.g. a geolocalized measurement map
- the use of positioning data e.g. GPS data or data from an acceleration sensor
- results e.g. calculated crop protection parameters can then be stored on the computer unit in the aircraft or on the ground PC or immediately to an executing unit, e.g. an agricultural machine can be sent to carry out geolocated work steps (e.g. crop protection or fertilization) based on the knowledge of the spectral measurement that has just been collected.
- an executing unit e.g. an agricultural machine can be sent to carry out geolocated work steps (e.g. crop protection or fertilization) based on the knowledge of the spectral measurement that has just been collected.
- Figure 1 shows schematically a multi-lens camera system according to the prior art.
- Figure 2 shows schematically a multi-lens camera system according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
- Figure 3 shows an example of an arrangement of images.
- FIG. 4 schematically shows a multi-lens camera system according to a further preferred embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 5 shows an example of a further arrangement of images.
- Figure 6 shows an example of a preferred lens matrix.
- Figure 7 shows another example of a preferred lens matrix.
- FIG. 8 schematically shows a further multi-lens camera system according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 1 schematically shows a multi-lens camera system 1 for the hyperspectral recording of images according to the prior art in a perspective view.
- the multi-lens camera system 1 comprises a flat image sensor 3, and a flat lens matrix 2 made of uniform individual lenses 2a, which is arranged in such a way that it has a large number of grid-shaped motifs M.
- Images AS in Figure 5 generated on the image sensor 3. For the sake of clarity, only one of the individual lenses 2a is provided with a reference symbol.
- an aperture mask 5 is arranged between the image sensor 3 and the lens matrix 2.
- Each aperture 5a of the aperture mask 5 is assigned to an individual lens 2a and arranged exactly behind it.
- a filter element 4 is arranged between the aperture mask 5 and the image sensor 3.
- this filter element 4 can also be arranged in front of the lens matrix (see e.g. FIG. 8).
- the filter element 4 is a linearly variable filter, which is slightly rotated relative to the image sensor. Each image thus has its center at a different wavelength range of the filter element.
- Each first image AS on the image sensor thus provides different spectral information and the entirety of the first images AS serves to create an image with spectral information.
- Figure 2 shows schematically a multi-lens camera system 1 according to a preferred embodiment of the invention in a perspective view. It is constructed similarly to the multi-lens camera system from FIG. 1 with the important difference that the lens matrix 2 has a larger further lens 2b with a different focal length. Accordingly, the aperture mask 5 also has a larger aperture 5a at this point.
- This larger additional lens 2b enables the multi-lens camera system 1 to position the motif M with the positioning of the multi-lens camera system 1 unchanged (see FIG. 1) to represent a second image AO (namely the one that is imaged by the larger further lens 2b) with a higher spatial resolution than that of the first images AS (the smaller individual lenses 2a) on the image sensor 3. Since the larger further lens 2b has a larger focal length here, it is arranged somewhat further away from the image sensor 3. For the illustrations AO, AS, reference is made to FIG. 3.
- FIG. 3 shows an example of an arrangement of first images AS and second images AO as it could be present on a multi-lens camera system 1 according to FIG. 2 on its image sensor 3.
- a single second image AO spatial raster image
- the remaining images belong to the second group of first images AS.
- the motif M can be seen on the left, which is imaged by the multi-lens camera system 1, the process of imaging being symbolized by an arrow.
- the second image AO and the first images AS show the same motif M in different areas of the image sensor, but the spatial raster image (second image AO) has four times the spatial resolution compared to the spectral images (first images AS) .
- FIG. 4 schematically shows a multi-lens camera system 1 according to a further preferred embodiment with an optical imaging optics 6 between the lens matrix 2 in a side view.
- the multi-lens camera system is shown in this example without an aperture mask 5.
- the image sensor 3 has an upstream filter element 4.
- the optical imaging optics 6 can be, for example, a zoom optics, which can lead to a representation according to FIG. 5.
- This multi-lens camera system 1 is designed such that, with the positioning of the multi-lens camera system 1 unchanged relative to the subject M, several second images AO (or even a single second image AO) with a higher spatial resolution than the first images AS (see FIG. 5) record at different recording times.
- FIG. 5 shows an example of an arrangement of images AO, AS as they are present with a multi-lens camera system 1 according to FIG. 4 on its image sensor 3 could.
- the recordings of the motif M at different recording times are shown on the left and right below the motif M, the process of the illustration here again being symbolized by arrows.
- the imaging optics 6 are set in such a way that the entire motif M is recorded, but not all images of the imaging optics “fit” onto the image sensor (dashed border).
- the individual images here have a comparatively large spatial resolution, since a comparatively large number of pixels of the image sensor are covered by an image. These images can be viewed as second images AO.
- the imaging optics 6 are set so that all
- Images of the lens matrix “fit” onto the image sensor are smaller than the images in the illustration on the left and also have a lower spatial resolution. These images can be seen as the first images AS.
- FIG. 6 shows an example of a preferred lens matrix 2.
- this comprises a cylindrical lens as a further lens 2b.
- a multi-lens camera system 1 can also be used as a line scanner.
- FIG. 7 shows a further example of a preferred lens matrix 2.
- this comprises a single cylindrical lens as a further lens 2b, the pitch of which corresponds to that of the spherical individual lenses 2a.
- FIG. 8 schematically shows a multi-lens camera system 1 according to a preferred embodiment of the invention in a perspective view. It is constructed similarly to the multi-lens camera system from FIG. 2, but with some special features, which can also be present individually in a multi-lens camera system.
- the filter element 4 is arranged in front of the two lens matrices 2.
- the filter element 4 is a mosaic filter, which transmits a different wavelength for each individual lens (indicated by the transparent boxes in the filter element 4).
- the filter element 4 In front of the further lens 2b there is preferably a transparent element in the filter element 4, which is indicated there by the larger transparent box.
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Abstract
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102019101324.0A DE102019101324B4 (de) | 2019-01-18 | 2019-01-18 | Multilinsen-Kamerasystem und Verfahren zur hyperspektralen Aufnahme von Bildern |
| PCT/DE2020/100018 WO2020147890A1 (de) | 2019-01-18 | 2020-01-13 | Multilinsen-kamerasystem und verfahren zur hyperspektralen aufnahme von bildern |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3911928A1 true EP3911928A1 (de) | 2021-11-24 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP20703376.2A Pending EP3911928A1 (de) | 2019-01-18 | 2020-01-13 | Multilinsen-kamerasystem und verfahren zur hyperspektralen aufnahme von bildern |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP3911928A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102019101324B4 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2020147890A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8174694B2 (en) * | 2001-12-21 | 2012-05-08 | Bodkin Design And Engineering Llc | Hyperspectral imaging systems |
| US9030528B2 (en) * | 2011-04-04 | 2015-05-12 | Apple Inc. | Multi-zone imaging sensor and lens array |
| IN2014CN03038A (de) * | 2011-11-04 | 2015-07-03 | Imec | |
| US9395516B2 (en) * | 2012-05-28 | 2016-07-19 | Nikon Corporation | Imaging device |
| CN205265783U (zh) * | 2012-12-21 | 2016-05-25 | 菲力尔系统公司 | 成像系统 |
| CA2902675C (en) * | 2014-08-29 | 2021-07-27 | Farnoud Kazemzadeh | Imaging system and method for concurrent multiview multispectral polarimetric light-field high dynamic range imaging |
-
2019
- 2019-01-18 DE DE102019101324.0A patent/DE102019101324B4/de active Active
-
2020
- 2020-01-13 EP EP20703376.2A patent/EP3911928A1/de active Pending
- 2020-01-13 WO PCT/DE2020/100018 patent/WO2020147890A1/de not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102019101324B4 (de) | 2021-06-10 |
| WO2020147890A1 (de) | 2020-07-23 |
| DE102019101324A1 (de) | 2020-07-23 |
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