EP3911356A1 - La decorine pour son utilisation dans le traitement du diabete - Google Patents
La decorine pour son utilisation dans le traitement du diabeteInfo
- Publication number
- EP3911356A1 EP3911356A1 EP19848929.6A EP19848929A EP3911356A1 EP 3911356 A1 EP3911356 A1 EP 3911356A1 EP 19848929 A EP19848929 A EP 19848929A EP 3911356 A1 EP3911356 A1 EP 3911356A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- decorin
- cells
- diabetes
- pharmaceutical composition
- islets
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
- A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- A61K38/17—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
- A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- A61K38/17—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- A61K38/39—Connective tissue peptides, e.g. collagen, elastin, laminin, fibronectin, vitronectin, cold insoluble globulin [CIG]
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
- A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
- A61P1/18—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system for pancreatic disorders, e.g. pancreatic enzymes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
- A61P3/08—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
- A61P3/10—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis for hyperglycaemia, e.g. antidiabetics
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- C07K14/46—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates
- C07K14/47—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of health and relates more particularly to the treatment of diabetes.
- WHO World Health Organization
- Type 1 diabetes also called insulin-dependent diabetes, begins after the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas are destroyed by the patient's immune system: beta cells. This then results in a significant decrease in the amount of insulin produced by the body, thereby causing an increase in the level of glucose in the blood. There are many acute symptoms, including polyuria (excessive excretion of urine), polydipsia (intense thirst), constant hunger, and weight loss.
- the first option is insulin therapy, based on the daily administration of insulin by injection with an insulin pen or by infusion with insulin pumps. This type of treatment is very restrictive and has a strong impact on the quality of life of patients.
- pancreas transplantation This surgical treatment is reserved for diabetic patients suffering from serious renal complications and having to undergo dialysis.
- the pancreas transplant is usually associated with the transplant of another organ, usually the kidney.
- the operation has the advantage of completely replacing insulin injections. It therefore allows an improved quality and life expectancy, as well as a reduction in complications linked to diabetes.
- this technique has many limitations such as graft rejection, the need for lifelong immunosuppressive therapy, infections or internal bleeding. To this is added a very heavy surgical procedure under general anesthesia, presenting a significant risk of morbidity.
- the third option is the transplantation of pancreatic islets. This approach involves transplanting secretory cells from the pancreas into a diabetic recipient.
- This technique overcomes certain limitations of the pancreas transplant, by transplanting only the endocrine fraction of the pancreas: the cells of the pancreatic islets.
- This alternative has the advantage of being minimally invasive, rapid and causes fewer complications related to the surgical intervention. It ensures the stabilization of glucose metabolism, a significant decrease in severe hypoglycemic episodes and the normalization of glycated hemoglobin levels (Shapiro AM et al., 2000, The New England Journal of Medicine, N ° 343, p. 230-238 ; Pepper AR et al., 2013, World Journal of Transplantation, N ° 3, p. 48-53).
- This technique is particularly recommended for patients whose diabetes is particularly unstable (severe hypoglycaemia, episodes of coma) thus putting into play their vital prognosis, for which insulin injections are not a possible therapeutic track.
- pancreatic islets The transplantation of pancreatic islets takes place in several stages. First, the donor pancreas is surgically removed and transported to an establishment capable of isolating the pancreatic islets. Mechanical and enzymatic digestion is performed to separate the different tissues that make up the pancreas. The islets are purified and separated from the other tissues using a discontinuous Ficoll gradient. The islets thus isolated are cultured for 12 to 48 hours before being transplanted. In the recipient patient, pancreatic islet transplantation is a procedure performed under local anesthesia in 30 to 45 minutes. The pancreatic islets are injected into the liver of the recipient patient through a catheter placed in the portal vein. The islets then embolize in the liver where they release insulin.
- pancreatic islets Although the transplantation of pancreatic islets is a promising method, it knows today several limits, in particular related to the survival of the pancreatic islets. In fact, during the various stages of this transplantation, the cells are no longer vascularized and the cell mortality rate is high. In particular, the quantity of living cells decreases after the brain death of the donor, during the preservation of the pancreas, during the digestion of the organ and the isolation of the islets, then during the implantation in the recipient patient. Thus, before islet transplantation into the recipient, only 50% of the donor's pancreatic islets are still viable. The loss of islets that are still functional is also very important during implantation, in particular due to an inflammatory reaction, oxidative stress and especially a defect in vascularization in the recipient patient. It is for these reasons that, at the present time, it is necessary to use two or three donors to transplant a sufficient quantity of islets into the recipient and obtain lasting insulin dependence.
- decorin is an interesting candidate for solving the problem of early mortality of transplanted cells by promoting an anti-inflammatory reaction, more revascularization rapid pancreatic islets in recipient patients as well as the secretion of insulin by the cells of these islets, thus allowing the treatment of diabetes and insulin-independence of patients. More generally, the inventors have demonstrated the interest of decorin in the treatment of diabetes for its capacity to decrease the mortality of the cells of the pancreatic islets and to improve the synthesis and the secretion of insulin by these cells. In addition, the inventors show that decorin protects the pancreatic cells from the loss of function and cell death observed in type 2 diabetes.
- One aspect of the invention relates to decorin or a pharmaceutical composition comprising decorin, for use as a medicament in the treatment of diabetes.
- the diabetes is type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes or gestational diabetes.
- the invention relates to decorin or a pharmaceutical composition comprising decorin, for its use in the treatment of a subject grafted or likely to be grafted with pancreatic islet cells.
- the invention also relates to decorin or a pharmaceutical composition comprising decorin, for its use in combination with immunosuppressive therapy and / or anti-inflammatory treatment concomitant with or following the transplantation of islet cells in a subject, or for its use in combination with an anti-diabetic active ingredient.
- the immunosuppressive therapy and / or the anti-inflammatory treatment are chosen from thymoglobulin, anti-TNF ⁇ , rapamune, calcineurin inhibitors, T lymphocyte depleting agents or combinations thereof.
- the immunosuppressive therapy and / or the anti-inflammatory treatment is a combination of thymoglobulin and rituximab.
- the antidiabetic active agent is chosen from insulin, metformin, sulfonylureas, tolbutamide, acetohexamide, tolazamide, chlorpropamide, glibenclamide, glimepiride, glipizide, glicazide, glycopyramide, gliquidone , alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, acarbose, miglitol, voglibose, thiazolidinediones, pioglitazone, rosiglitazone, meglitinides, repaglinide, nateglinide, an incretino-mimic, a glucagon-like peptide analogue, exenatide or its derivatives, taspoglutide, liraglutide, semaglutide, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, vildagliptin, sitagliptin, saxaglip
- the invention also relates to decorin or a pharmaceutical composition for its use in the treatment of a subject grafted with pancreatic islet cells.
- the grafted pancreatic islet cells were treated with decorin.
- the pharmaceutical composition used according to the invention can comprise human cells and decorin as an active substance.
- the cells are chosen from endocrine cells and pancreatic islet cells.
- FIG 2 represents the effect of decorin on the functionality of the pancreatic islets.
- A Secretion of glucagon by pancreatic islets treated with decorin (Decorin) or not (CTL) and incubated in the presence of 2.8 mM (black column) or 16.7 mM of glucose (white column). The secretion is represented as a percentage relative to the total glucagon content of the islets.
- B Secretion of insulin by the pancreatic islets treated with decorin (Decorin) or not (CTL) and incubated in the presence of 2.8 mM (black column) or 16.7 mM of glucose (white column). The secretion is represented as a percentage relative to the total insulin content of the islets.
- C Secretion of glucagon by pancreatic islets treated with decorin (Decorin) or not (CTL) and incubated in the presence of 2.8 mM (black column) or 16.7 mM of glucose (white column). The secretion is represented as a
- FIG 4 represents the protein expression of IGF-1R (A) and of p-IGFR-1R (B).
- the black and white columns represent the control (CTL) and treatment of the pancreatic islets with decorin, respectively.
- CTL control
- the results are presented in the mean ⁇ SEM form.
- n 6 independent experiments; * p ⁇ 0.05 versus CTL.
- FIG 6 represents the protein expression of IRS-1 (A) and p-IRS-1 (B).
- the black and white columns represent the control (CTL) and treatment of the pancreatic islets with decorin, respectively.
- CTL control
- the results are presented in the mean ⁇ SEM form.
- FIG 8 represents the protein expression of IRS-2 (A) and p-IRS-2 (B).
- the black and white columns represent respectively the control (CTL) and treatment of the pancreatic islets with decorin.
- CTL control
- the results are presented in the mean ⁇ SEM form.
- n 6 independent experiments; ** p ⁇ 0.01 versus CTL.
- FIG 10 represents the protein expression of Akt (A) and p-Akt (B).
- the black and white columns represent respectively the control (CTL) and treatment of the pancreatic islets with the decorin.
- CTL control
- n 12 independent experiments.
- FIG 11 represents the study of the activation of Akt. Relationship between the expression of p-Akt and Akt.
- the black and white columns represent the control (CTL) and treatment of the pancreatic islets with decorin, respectively.
- CTL control
- the results are presented in the mean ⁇ SEM form.
- n ll independent experiments; *** p ⁇ 0.001 versus CTL.
- FIG 12 represents the protein expression of FoxOl (A) and p-FoxOl (B).
- the black and white columns represent the control (CTL) and treatment of the pancreatic islets with decorin, respectively.
- CTL control
- the results are presented in the mean ⁇ SEM form.
- n 7 independent experiments; ** p ⁇ 0.01 versus CTL.
- FIG 13 represents the study of the activation of FoxOl. Relationship between the expression of p-FoxOl and FoxOl.
- the black and white columns represent the control (CTL) and treatment of the pancreatic islets with decorin, respectively.
- CTL control
- the results are presented in the mean ⁇ SEM form.
- n 7 independent experiments; ** p ⁇ 0.01 versus CTL.
- FIG 14 represents the protein expression of NF-kB p65 (A) and of p-NF-kB p65 (Ser536) (B).
- the black and white columns represent the control (CTL) and treatment of the pancreatic islets with decorin, respectively.
- CTL control
- the results are presented in the mean ⁇ SEM form.
- FIG 16 represents the protein expression of SIRT1 (A) and PGCla (B).
- the black and white columns represent the control (CTL) and treatment of the pancreatic islets with decorin, respectively.
- CTL control
- the results are presented in the mean ⁇ SEM form.
- FIG 17 represents the protein expression of HIF-Ia (A) and of HIF-2a (B).
- the black and white columns represent the control (CTL) and treatment of the pancreatic islets with decorin, respectively.
- CTL control
- the results are presented in the mean ⁇ SEM form.
- FIG 18 represents the protein expression of PHD1 (A), PHD2 (B) and PHD3 (C).
- the black and white columns represent respectively the control (CTL) and islet processing conditions pancreatic with decorin.
- CTL control
- n 12 independent experiments.
- FIG 19 represents the protein expression of the VEGFR2 receptor (A) and of its phosphorylated form (B).
- the black and white columns represent the control (CTL) and treatment of the pancreatic islets with decorin, respectively.
- CTL control
- the results are presented in the mean ⁇ SEM form.
- FIG 20 represents the study of the secretion of VEGF-A over time.
- the black and dotted curves represent respectively the control (CTL) and treatment of the pancreatic islets with decorin.
- the secretion of VEGF is represented as a percentage over time, 2 hours post treatment.
- FIG 21A represents the increase in body weight gain of STZ rats post transplant with decorin.
- FIG 21B represents the increase in body weight gain of STZ rats post transplant with decorin.
- FIG 22A represents the improvement of the glycemic regulation of STZ rats post transplantation with decorin.
- FIG 22B represents the improvement of the glycemic regulation of STZ rats post transplantation with decorin.
- FIG 23A represents the effect of decorin on the c-peptidemia of STZ rats post transplantation. Evolution of the c-petidemia over time measured in pmol / L for the SHAM ( ⁇ ), control ( ⁇ ), decorin (A), control + decorin (T) and decorin + decorin ( ⁇ ) groups.
- FIG 26 represents the insulin requirement of rats after induction of diabetes by destruction of pancreatic beta cells and transplant of islets.
- SHAM destruction of beta cells and no transplantation
- control destruction of beta cells + islet transplantation
- Decorin destruction of beta cells + islet transplantation pretreated with decorin 24h
- control + decorin destruction of beta cells + transplantation of islets with injection of the recipient with decorin every 24 hours
- decorin + decorin destruction of beta cells + transplantation of pretreated islets with injection of the recipient every 24 hours.
- Decorin is abbreviated as "decorin”.
- FIG 27 represents the impact in humans of decorin on insulin secretion in a control and inflammatory situation (48h TNF-ALPHA).
- FIG 28 represents the impact in humans of decorin on survival and apoptosis in a control and inflammatory situation (Cytomix 48h TNF-alpha + Interferon gamma + IL1-beta). Decorin is abbreviated as "decorin”.
- FIG 29 represents the impact in humans of decorin on insulin secretion in a control situation and rich in fat (palmitate 48H). Decorin is abbreviated as "decorin”.
- FIG 30 represents the impact in humans of decorin on survival and apoptosis in a control situation rich in fat (48 hours). Decorin is abbreviated as “decorin”.
- FIG 31 represents the impact in humans of decorin on insulin secretion in a control situation and rich in sugar (glucose 16.7 mM 48H). Decorin is abbreviated as "decorin”.
- FIG 32 represents the impact in humans of decorin on insulin secretion in islets isolated from donors with type 2 diabetes.
- the present invention relates to decorin or a pharmaceutical composition comprising decorin, for use as a medicament in the treatment of diabetes, the treatment of diabetes may further include transplanting pancreatic islets.
- results obtained by these methods make it possible to identify a direct or indirect effect on the beta-pancreatic cell as such but does not at all reflect the effects on the whole islet which is composed of a mixture of different cell types (alpha , beta, delta, exocrine cell).
- the results obtained on the sorted beta cell model do not make it possible to predict any effect on the native island.
- the inventors demonstrate here the importance of the effect of decorin at the level of native complete islets.
- Decorin refers to a myokine.
- Decorin belongs to the family of small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRP) and consists of a protein nucleus containing leucine repeats with a glycosaminoglycan chain (GAG) consisting of chondroitin sulfate (CS) or dermatan sulfate (DS).
- GAG glycosaminoglycan chain
- Leucine residues allow it to attach to a large number of cellular receptors. It is thus capable of triggering the corresponding signaling cascades.
- decorin is an endocrine factor produced by muscles, which is able to attach to the surface of beta cells in the pancreas.
- the alternative names for this protein are PG-S2, PG40 or Bone Proteoglycan II.
- Decorin can be found in the form of different isoforms produced by alternative splicing. These are isoforms A (consensus sequence), B, C, D and E. Decorin is described in the databases under the following accession numbers: Gene ID: 1634, UniGene: Hs.156316 and Hs. 530910. This protein is also described under the accession number UniProt P07585.
- RNA sequences for human decorin are for example NM_001920.4 (isoform A), NM_133503.3 (isoform A), NM_133504.3 (isoform B), NM_133505.3 (isoform C), NM_133506.3 (isoform D) and NM_133507.3 (isoform E).
- the protein sequence references are for example NP_001911.1 (isoform A), NP_598010.1 (isoform A), NP_598011.1 (isoform B), NP_598012.1 (isoform C), NP_598013.1 (isoform D) and NP_598014. 1 (isoform E).
- the decorin according to the invention is the type A isoform.
- the decorin generally comprises a signal peptide in position 1- 16 and a propeptide in position 17-30.
- the decorin preferably comprises the sequence between positions 17-359 or 31-359.
- Decorin optionally includes the signal peptide and / or the pro
- a sequence of human decorin is in particular described in SEQ. ID NO: 1.
- substitution designates the replacement of one amino acid residue with another chosen from among 20 natural standard amino acid residues, rare natural amino acid residues and amino acid residues unnatural.
- substitution refers to the replacement of an amino acid residue with another chosen from among the 20 natural standard amino acid residues (G, P, A, V, L, I, M, C , F, Y, W, H, K, R, Q, N, E, D, S and T).
- the substitution (s) can be conservative or non-conservative substitutions.
- conservative substitution refers to a substitution of one amino acid residue for another which has similar chemical or physical properties (size, charge or polarity). Examples of conservative substitutions are presented in the following tables.
- myokine is meant a soluble substance produced and released by muscle cells in response to muscle contractions. These molecules have the ability to act directly or indirectly on several organs, leading to the necessary metabolic changes during or after physical exercise.
- diabetes here refers to a chronic disease that occurs when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or when the body is unable to use the insulin it produces efficiently.
- Diabetes is a disorder of the assimilation, use and storage of sugars provided by food. This results in hyperglycemia, characterized by a high level of glucose in the blood, generally greater than 1.26 g / L of blood.
- type 1 diabetes which affects around 6% of diabetics
- type 2 diabetes which affects 92%.
- the other types of diabetes concern the remaining 2% (MODY, LADA or diabetes secondary to certain diseases or taking medication).
- Type 1 diabetes or “insulin-dependent diabetes” means a particular form of diabetes, generally considered to be an autoimmune disease, which results from the disappearance of beta cells from the pancreas, resulting in a total deficiency of insulin. As glucose cannot enter the cells, it returns to the blood, which leads to a sharp increase in blood sugar, characterized by a glucose level well above 1.26 g / L of blood.
- Type 2 diabetes or “non-insulin-dependent diabetes” means a particular form of diabetes, resulting either from insulinopenia when the pancreas produces insufficient insulin, or from insulin resistance when this insulin is not not able to act enough to regulate blood sugar. In both cases, the blood sugar is not regulated.
- gestational diabetes is meant a particular form of diabetes which is a glucose tolerance disorder leading to hyperglycemia of varying severity, starting or first diagnosed in a woman during pregnancy.
- Gestational diabetes appears in particular in women who have little-known diabetes and whom pregnancy will reveal, or in women who develop diabetes only during pregnancy, a disorder which most often disappears after the baby is born.
- diabetes complication all the states, conditions, disorders or diseases which result from the consequences of hyperglycemia relating to diabetes. Almost all parts of the body and organs can be affected by diabetes and / or poorly controlled blood sugar. Hyperglycemia can in particular weaken the walls of the blood vessels which supply tissues and / or organs with oxygen and nutrients. Complications of diabetes include acute complications such as diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar conditions, as well as long-term complications such as eye disorders, kidney disease and cardiovascular disease. The complications are more particularly described below in the paragraph “Diabetes and complications targeted by the present invention”.
- insulin is meant here a protein hormone secreted by the b cells of the pancreatic islets. It helps regulate blood sugar by promoting the uptake of glucose in muscle cells, liver or fat cells. It is a hypoglycemic hormone.
- hypoglycemia is meant here a low level of glucose in the blood, generally less than 0.60 g / L of blood.
- pancreatic islet cells or “islet cells from Langerhans” here refer to the endocrine cells of the pancreas, grouped into spherical clusters. The islets are mainly composed of beta cell and alpha cell. The latter secrete insulin and glucagon respectively.
- treatment refers to obtaining a desired pharmacological and / or physiological effect.
- the effect may be prophylactic in terms of total or partial prevention of a disease or symptom and / or may be therapeutic in terms of partial or complete cure of a disease and / or an adverse effect attributable to disease.
- treatment covers any treatment of a disease in a mammal, in particular in a human, to: reduce the incidence and / or the risk of relapse of the disease during a symptom-free period; relieve or reduce a symptom of the disease; prevent the disease from occurring in a subject who may be predisposed to the disease but who has not yet been diagnosed as having it; inhibit the disease, that is, stop its development (for example, reduce the rate of disease progression); reduce the frequency of episodes of the disease; slow the development of the disease and relieve the disease, that is, cause a total or partial regression of the disease.
- terapéuticaally effective amount refers to an amount which results in an improvement in the condition of an organ or subject, or in a decrease in disease, disorder or symptoms of the disease or disorder.
- the terms “individual”, “host”, “subject” and “patient” are used herein interchangeably, and designate a mammal, more particularly an animal subject and more particularly a human.
- the subject may have diabetes.
- Donor refers to the people from whom the pancreatic islets are removed. They may be deceased persons, particularly in a state of brain death (mainly due to trauma, cerebrovascular accidents, anoxia or intoxication) or a living subject.
- recipient refers to a subject who has undergone or is likely to undergo a pancreatic islet cell transplant, said cells from a donor.
- the recipient has diabetes.
- a "pharmaceutical composition” means a preparation of one or more of the active agents with other optional chemical components such as physiologically suitable carriers and / or excipients.
- the purpose of a pharmaceutical composition is to facilitate the administration of the active agent to an organism.
- the compositions of the present invention may be in a form suitable for any route of administration or conventional use.
- the pharmaceutical composition according to the invention includes the pharmaceutical compositions used in human medicine and pharmaceutical compositions used in animal medicine, ie veterinary compositions.
- the pharmaceutical composition further comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
- the terms "pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” or “pharmaceutically acceptable excipient” or “pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” are interchangeable and include any compounds or combinations of compounds which are known to those skilled in the art as being useful in the formulation of pharmaceutical or veterinary compositions.
- physiologically acceptable or “pharmaceutically acceptable” means any medium or additive which does not interfere with the effectiveness of the biological activity of the active substance (here, decorin), and which is not excessively toxic to the patient or subject, at the concentrations to which it is administered and / or which do not produce an adverse reaction when administered to a human or animal.
- a physiologically acceptable vehicle, carrier or excipient may be suitable for administration to humans and / or animals (particularly mammals).
- active substance designates a substance or molecule which, in a composition, a mixture or a medium generates a particular and desired effect on cells or on a subject.
- the active substance is opposed to the “inert” ingredients having no particular pharmacological activity, in particular the excipients as well as to the secondary compounds, having or not having a pharmacological effect, which serve as support or adjuvant for the active substance main, and which act only to enhance the effect of the active substance directly (by acting on the active substance) or indirectly (by acting on the conditions or disorders involved in the disease).
- drug as used herein includes drugs for human and animal use in human and veterinary medicine and refers to any pharmacologically acceptable substance which provides a therapeutic and / or beneficial effect.
- medicine used here is not necessarily limited to substances requiring market authorization.
- transplant means an intervention, in particular a surgical intervention which consists in transferring an organ, a tissue or cells from one individual to another.
- these terms refer to a heterograft and / or to an allograft.
- a transplant consists of replacing a diseased organ or tissue with a healthy organ or tissue, called a “graft” or “transplant” and coming from a donor subject.
- the graft corresponds to the pancreatic islets removed from the donor patient and / or to the purified pancreatic islet cells intended to be transplanted in the recipient patient.
- the graft may correspond to pancreatic islets that have been prepared from stem cells.
- embryonic stem cell refers to cells derived from the internal cell mass of the blastocyst and which have the capacity to lead to the formation of all the tissues of the organism (mesoderm, endoderm, ectoderm), including to cells of the germ line.
- the pluripotency of embryonic stem cells can be assessed by the presence of markers such as the transcription factors OCT4 and NANOG and surface markers such as SSEA3 / 4, Tra-1-60 and Tra-1-81.
- induced pluripotent stem cell refers to pluripotent stem cells obtained by genetic reprogramming of differentiated somatic cells, and having a morphology and a potential for self-renewal and pluripotency partly similar to that of embryonic stem cells. These cells are in particular positive for the pluripotency markers, in particular the staining with alkaline phosphatase and the expression of the proteins NANOG, SOX2, OCT4 and SSEA3 / 4.
- adjuvant of a therapy or “adjuvant of a treatment”
- a treatment which supplements a principal treatment generally a “treatment of first intention” or “standard treatment”
- recurrence recurrence
- medium a composition which allows the maintenance and / or the culture of viable and / or functional pancreatic islet cells.
- This medium can be specific for the separation, isolation, culture and control of pancreatic islet cells.
- the cells find in this medium the essential components for their survival and / or their multiplication such as amino acids, vitamins, inorganic salts, glucose.
- this medium is optimized for the in vitro culture of pancreatic islets.
- “Maintaining the viability of pancreatic islet cells” or “preserving the viability of pancreatic islet cells” means maintaining the survival and / or functionality of the pancreatic islet cells, and / or decreased occurrence and / or frequency of apoptosis of pancreatic islet cells.
- nucleic acid means a phosphate diester of a polymeric form of ribonucleosides (adenosine, guanosine, uridine or cytidine; "RNA molecules”) or deoxyribonucleosides (deoxyadenosine, deoxyguanosine, deoxythymidine, or deoxycytidine; "DNA molecules”), or any phosphodiester analog thereof, such as phosphorothioates and thioesters, in single stranded form or in double stranded form.
- Nucleic acid can thus be a deoxyribonucleic acid or a ribonucleic acid. They may be sequences of natural or artificial origin, and in particular genomic DNA, cDNA, mRNA, hybrid amino acid sequences or synthetic or semi-synthetic sequences, modified or not.
- nucleic acid construct and “vector” are equivalent and refer to a nucleic acid molecule which serves to transfer and / or express a nucleic acid sequence, such as a DNA or RNA, in a host cell.
- a vector may include an origin of replication, a selectable marker and optionally a site suitable for the insertion of a sequence or a gene.
- a vector can be either a self-replicating extra-chromosomal vector or a vector which integrates into the genome of the host cell. It can also include expression elements comprising, for example, a promoter, a ribosomal translation initiation sequence, an initiation codon, a termination codon and / or a transcription termination sequence.
- nucleic acid constructs capable of directing the expression of the nucleic acid sequence to which they are operably linked can also be called here "expression vectors".
- the nucleic acid construct can be a vector for stable or transient expression of a gene or sequence.
- sequence identity or “identity” or “percentage of identity” refers to the percentage of identical amino acid residues between the two sequences compared, this percentage being obtained after implementation of the better alignment (optimum alignment) between the two sequences. Sequence identity is determined by comparing the sequences when they are aligned so as to maximize overlap and identity while minimizing sequence interruptions.
- the percentage of identity with respect to the reference sequence will be calculated by dividing (i) the total number of identical residues aligned between the two sequences by (ii) the total number of residues contained in the reference sequence, then by multiplying by 100 the quotient obtained.
- sequence identity can be determined using any of the many global or local alignment algorithms, depending on the length of the two sequences. Sequences of similar length are preferably aligned using global alignment algorithms (eg Needleman & Wunsch, J. Mol. Biol 48: 443, 1970) which optimally align the sequences over the entire length, while sequences of substantially different lengths are preferably aligned using a local alignment algorithm, for example the Smith and Waterman algorithm (Smith and Waterman, Adv. Appl. Math.
- Alignment for the purpose of determining the percentage identity of amino acid sequences can be carried out by any method known to a person skilled in the art, for example using software available on Internet sites such as http: // blast.ncbi.nlm. nih.gov or http://www.ebi.ac.uk/Tools/emboss/. Those skilled in the art can readily determine the appropriate parameters for measuring alignment.
- the decorin according to the invention is a myokine, in particular a mammalian myokine, preferably a human myokine, preferably the isoform A of human decorin, even more preferably the decorin described by SEQ ID No: 1 or a fragment or functional variant thereof.
- the present invention also relates to any protein exhibiting modifications, such as mutants, variants or homologs, having the same effect or activity as the decorin according to the invention.
- the terms “homologous”, “variant”, “biological equivalent” or “mutant” are interchangeable and refer to a protein having a sequence homology or identity with the nucleotide sequence of decorin according to the invention, said functional variant retaining the biological activity of the protein from which it is derived.
- the term “mutation” includes natural or induced mutations, including at least alterations including deletions, insertions, substitutions known to those of skill in the art, including a genetic modification introduced into a nucleotide or amino acid sequence.
- a variant has at least about 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 98% of sequence homology or identity with the reference protein (also called “parent sequence”), and exhibits a biological activity substantially equivalent to this.
- reference protein also called “parent sequence”
- variant or equivalent is also meant a polypeptide or protein sequence which differs from that of a reference sequence by at least one modification or mutation of amino acid.
- decorin can comprise a sequence having an identity percentage of at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% or 99% with the sequence of mature decorin (that is to say without the signal peptide and the propeptide), more specifically for humans with the sequence between positions 31-359 of SEQ ID NO: 1.
- decorin can include the mature decorin sequence (more specifically for humans with the sequence between positions 31-359 of SEQ ID NO: 1) and also present 1 to 20 modifications chosen from a substitution, a deletion or an addition of an amino acid.
- the substitutions are conservative.
- the decorin according to the invention can comprise 1 to 20 conservative substitutions, preferably 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 conservative substitutions relative to SEQ ID No. 1 or a fragment corresponding to amino acids 17-359 or 31-359 thereof.
- the decorin according to the invention can particularly comprise the substitution T268M or E273Q.
- decorin is a biologically active fragment of decorin.
- biologically active fragment is meant here a protein or polypeptide fragment which exhibits a biological activity substantially equivalent to decorin.
- decorin can be chosen from decorin with the signal peptide and the propeptide (in particular SEQ ID NO: 1 for humans), decorin without the signal peptide and with the propeptide (in particular 17-359 of SEQ ID NO: 1 for humans), or decorin without the signal peptide and the propeptide (in particular 31-359 of SEQ ID NO: 1 for humans).
- decorin will preferably be a decorin of the same species.
- the decorin will be a human decorin.
- the invention relates to decorin or to a pharmaceutical composition comprising it for its use as a medicament in the treatment of diabetes, for example type 1, type 2 diabetes or gestational diabetes, preferably in treatment of type 1 diabetes.
- decorin makes it possible to improve the synthesis and the secretion of insulin by the cells of the pancreatic islets, in particular in response to a stimulation by glucose, and to decrease the mortality of the cells. of these islets.
- decorin makes it possible to increase the secretion of insulin by the cells of the pancreatic islets in response to stimulation by glucose, and to decrease the mortality of the cells of these islets when they are subjected to the effect of cytokines pro -inflammatory like TNF-alpha, INF-gamma or ILl-beta, fatty acids like palmitate, or an excessive amount of sugar.
- the present invention also relates to the use of decorin to reduce in a diabetic patient the effects of inflammation, in particular of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-alpha, INF-gamma or ILl-beta, on the secretion of insulin in response to stimulation by glucose, and on the mortality of the cells of these islets induced by this inflammation.
- the present invention further relates to the use of decorin for reducing in a diabetic patient the effects of a fatty diet on the secretion of insulin in response to stimulation by glucose, and on the cell mortality of these islets.
- the medicament is intended to be administered to the diabetic subject before, during and / or following a transplantation of pancreatic islet cells.
- decorin is intended to be administered to a recipient patient, in particular for the purpose of facilitating the taking of a graft of pancreatic islet cells.
- the patient treated with decorin is a patient grafted with pancreatic islet cells.
- the grafted pancreatic islet cells were treated prior to the graft with decorin.
- the inventors have clearly demonstrated an extremely beneficial effect of the treatment of a patient transplanted with decorin, especially when the grafts were treated with decorin before the transplant.
- decorin is intended to be administered to a donor patient, in particular with the aim of preserving the viability of the pancreatic islets which will be removed.
- the present invention also relates to a nucleic acid sequence coding for decorin according to the invention for its use in the treatment of diabetes or a complication of diabetes.
- the nucleic acid sequence codes for decorin as described above or a fragment or variant thereof.
- a coding sequence for decorin is described in SEQ ID NO: 2.
- the invention also relates to a recombinant vector comprising a nucleic acid sequence coding for decorin according to the invention as described above for its use in the treatment of diabetes a complication of diabetes.
- these are expression vectors comprising, in addition to a nucleic acid sequence in accordance with the invention, regulatory sequences making it possible to control transcription and / or translation.
- the vector according to the invention will notably comprise elements for regulating the expression of the sequence coding for decorin according to the invention, such as promoters and activator sequences ("enhancers”) as well as initiation sequences and stopping the appropriate transcription.
- the vectors according to the invention may include one or more origins of replication in cellular hosts in which their amplification and / or expression is sought and / or selection markers.
- the vectors comprising the amino acid sequence encoding decorin may or may not be viral vectors.
- Viral vectors are well known to those skilled in the art and can for example comprise baculoviral, adenoviral, parvoviral, retroviral, lentiviral vectors or vectors derived from adeno-associated viruses, for example described in Giannoukakis et al., Diabetes 48: 2107-2121 (1999); Efrat, Eur. J. of Endocrinol 138: 129-133 (1998); Stone et al., J. Endocinol 164: 103-118 (2000); Castro et al., Baillieres BestPrac. Res. Clin. Endocrinol Metab.
- the vectors according to the invention include in particular ubiquitous, constitutive or inducible promoters, such as ubiquitous promoters (for example HPRT, vimentin, a-actin, tubulin), the promoters of intermediate filaments (for example desmin, neurofilaments, keratin , GFAP) tissue-specific promoters (eg, the promoter of the liver albumin gene) or the early promoter of Cytomegalovirus (Boshart et al., 1985, Cell 41: 521-530).
- ubiquitous promoters for example HPRT, vimentin, a-actin, tubulin
- the promoters of intermediate filaments for example desmin, neurofilaments, keratin , GFAP
- tissue-specific promoters eg, the promoter of the liver albumin gene
- Cytomegalovirus Boshart et al., 1985, Cell 41: 521-530.
- the nucleic acid sequence or the vector further comprises a CRISPR-Cas system, preferably a CRISPR-Cas9 system, in particular intended for use in gene therapy in the treatment of diabetes, in particular for introduce the nucleic acid sequence encoding decorin into the genome of a target cell.
- a CRISPR-Cas system preferably a CRISPR-Cas9 system, in particular intended for use in gene therapy in the treatment of diabetes, in particular for introduce the nucleic acid sequence encoding decorin into the genome of a target cell.
- the CRISPR system contains two distinct elements, namely i) an endonuclease and ii) a guide RNA.
- the nucleic acid sequence or the vector comprising it can be transduced into a host cell.
- one aspect of the invention relates to a cell comprising the nucleic acid sequence coding for decorin according to the invention for its use in the treatment of diabetes or of a complication of diabetes.
- the introduction of the nucleic acid sequence or of the vector according to the invention into a host cell can be carried out in vitro, according to techniques well known to those skilled in the art such as electroporation, to transform or transfect cells. , either in primary culture or in the form of cell lines.
- the introduction of the nucleic acid sequence or of the vector according to the invention can be carried out in cells in vivo, in particular in a subject suffering from diabetes.
- the host cell is a eukaryotic cell, more preferably a human cell. Any cell in the human body or any cell suitable for transplanting pancreatic islets can be used.
- the cells are stem cells or endocrine cells, in particular pancreatic islet cells or liver cells, preferably the cells are beta and / or alpha cells of the pancreatic islets.
- the cells are beta cells of the pancreatic islets.
- the cells are alpha cells of the pancreatic islets.
- the cell comprising a nucleic acid sequence coding for decorin according to the invention or a vector comprising the latter is a stem cell.
- the stem cells are preferably obtained by differentiation from pluripotent stem cells, in particular embryonic stem cells (ES) or induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS or hiPSC) for example obtained by dedifferentiation.
- ES embryonic stem cells
- iPS or hiPSC induced pluripotent stem cells
- Embryonic stem cells can be obtained without destroying the embryo from which they originate, for example using the technique described by Chung et al. (Cell Stem Cell, 2008, 2 (2): 113-117).
- the embryonic stem cells are non-human embryonic stem cells.
- the embryonic stem cells used in the invention are human embryonic stem cells, preferably obtained without destruction of the embryo from which they originate.
- the embryos used are preferably supernumerary embryos obtained within the framework of a parental project after obtaining regulatory and ethical authorizations in accordance with the laws in force.
- stem cells adapt particularly to their environment thanks to their ability to differentiate in situ.
- the cell comprising a nucleic acid sequence coding for decorin according to the invention or a vector comprising the latter is a precursor of pancreatic islet cells, in particular beta cells of pancreatic islets.
- this cell is a liver cell.
- the cell comprising a nucleic acid sequence coding for decorin according to the invention or a vector comprising the latter is a neuroendocrine cell, such as those which are found in the pituitary glands and adrenal. In fact, these cells have the secretory machinery necessary for regulated secretion of polypeptide hormones.
- decorin, a variant or a fragment thereof, a nucleic acid sequence coding for decorin, a vector comprising this nucleic acid sequence, or a cell comprising the sequence of nucleic acid or the vector is included in a pharmaceutical composition.
- the pharmaceutical composition comprises decorin, a nucleic acid sequence encoding decorin, a vector comprising this nucleic acid sequence, or a cell comprising the nucleic acid sequence or the vector, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
- the composition according to the invention may be a pharmaceutical composition intended for use in human medicine or for veterinary use.
- the invention also relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising decorin, a nucleic acid sequence coding for decorin, a vector comprising this nucleic acid sequence, or a cell comprising the nucleic acid sequence or the vector, for use in the treatment of diabetes, in particular in the treatment of type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes or gestational diabetes, as well as in the treatment of at least one complication of diabetes.
- the invention also relates to the use of decorin, of a nucleic acid sequence coding for decorin, of a vector comprising this nucleic acid sequence, or of a cell comprising the sequence d nucleic acids or the vector, for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition intended for use as a medicament, in particular as an antidiabetic medicament or as an anti-inflammatory medicament.
- the invention also relates to a pharmaceutical composition as described above for its use as a medicament in the treatment of diabetes or a complication of diabetes.
- the invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for its use as a medicament in the treatment of type 1 diabetes or a complication thereof.
- the invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for its use as a medicament in the treatment of type 2 diabetes or a complication thereof.
- the medicament is intended to be administered before, during and / or following a transplant of pancreatic islet cells.
- the invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising decorin for its use as a medicament in the treatment of gestational diabetes or a complication thereof.
- the present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition
- a pharmaceutical composition comprising decorin as the main active substance, that is to say that decorin is the substance of the composition which has the desired activity and / or effect .
- decorin is an active substance of the pharmaceutical composition by its activity on the cells of the pancreatic islets, in particular on the synthesis and secretion of insulin, on the survival of the cells and / or on the improvement of the vascularization of the islets pancreatic.
- the pharmaceutical composition may also contain at least one additional pharmaceutical active principle or be intended to be used in combination with at least one additional active principle.
- active pharmaceutical ingredient means any compound or substance the administration of which has a therapeutic effect or a beneficial effect on the health or general condition of a patient or of a subject to whom it is administered.
- pharmaceutical active ingredients which may be present in a pharmaceutical composition of the present invention or used in combination with this pharmaceutical composition include, without limitation, anti-inflammatory drugs, immunosuppressive agents, anti-diabetic agents, antibiotics, antipyretic agents, antiemetic agents, antihistamine agents, vitamins, antispasmodic agents, antiulcer agents or combinations thereof.
- the medicament according to the invention can thus be administered in combination with another medicament, such as an anti-inflammatory agent, an immunosuppressive agent, an antibiotic agent, an antipyretic agent, an antihistamine agent, vitamins, an antispasmodic agent or an agent. antiulcer.
- another medicament such as an anti-inflammatory agent, an immunosuppressive agent, an antibiotic agent, an antipyretic agent, an antihistamine agent, vitamins, an antispasmodic agent or an agent. antiulcer.
- decorin a nucleic acid sequence coding for decorin, a vector comprising this nucleic acid molecule, or a cell comprising the nucleic acid sequence or the vector, or the pharmaceutical composition comprising it.
- the composition can also comprise an anti-diabetic active principle.
- the present invention therefore relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising decorin, a nucleic acid sequence encoding decorin, a vector comprising this nucleic acid molecule, or a cell comprising the nucleic acid sequence or the vector, and a anti-diabetic active ingredient.
- the present invention therefore relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising decorin and an anti-diabetic active principle.
- the composition can be intended to be used for the treatment of diabetes in combination with such an active ingredient.
- the present invention therefore relates to a kit comprising decorin and an anti-diabetic active principle for simultaneous, separate or sequential use, in particular in the treatment of diabetes.
- the anti-diabetic active ingredient can be chosen from the following non-exhaustive list: insulin, metformin, sulfonylureas such as tolbutamide, acetohexamide, tolazamide, chlorpropamide, glibenclamide, glimepiride, glipizide, glicazide, glycopyramide and gliquidone, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors such as acarbose, miglitol and voglibose, thiazolidinediones such as pioglitazone and rosiglitazone, meglitinides such as repaglinide and nateglinide, an incretinimimetic, an analogue of glucagon-like peptide like exenatide or its derivatives, taspoglutide, liraglutide, semaglutide, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor like vildagliptin, si
- the present invention also relates to decorin or a pharmaceutical composition for use in the treatment of diabetes in the context of transplantation of pancreatic islet cells.
- this relates to recipient subjects, that is to say grafted or susceptible to be grafted with pancreatic islet cells.
- the decorin or the composition according to the invention can be combined with conventional agents used to promote the engraftment of pancreatic islet cells, in particular molecules inducing immunosuppression or reduction of inflammation. .
- compositions include in particular immunosuppressive compositions and / or anti-inflammatory compositions. These compositions also include thymoglobulin to promote induction, anti-TNF ⁇ to control the early inflammatory reaction, rapamune at the start of transplantation to benefit from its anti-macrophagic role, calcineurin inhibitors or combinations of these -this. A particular combination includes a combination of thymoglobulin and rituximab. These compositions can also comprise various T lymphocyte depleting agents.
- the invention relates to decorin or a pharmaceutical composition comprising decorin for its use as adjuvant of an immunosuppressive therapy or of an anti-inflammatory treatment concomitant or following the transplantation of islet cells pancreatic in a recipient patient.
- decorin as an adjuvant makes it possible to increase the probability of taking a graft of pancreatic islet cells, to promote vascularization of pancreatic islet cells and / or to promote insulin secretion by transplanted pancreatic islet cells.
- the pharmaceutical composition according to the invention is intended to be administered to a recipient patient, in particular for the purpose of facilitating the taking of a graft of pancreatic islet cells, of promoting vascularization of pancreatic islet cells and / or promote insulin secretion by transplanted pancreatic islet cells.
- decorin is used with the aim of reducing the occurrence and / or the frequency of apoptosis in pancreatic islet cells which are intended to be transplanted or have been transplanted in the recipient.
- the decorin or the pharmaceutical composition may be administered to the subject capable of being transplanted with pancreatic islet cells before the transplant and / or to the subject having received a pancreatic islet cell transplant concomitantly with the transplant and / or after the transplant.
- the present invention relates to a method of treating a patient who has received a pancreatic islet cell transplant, comprising the administration of a therapeutically effective amount of decorin, so as to increase insulin secretion by transplanted pancreatic islet cells and / or increase the viability of transplanted pancreatic islet cells or decrease apoptosis.
- the method of treating a diabetic subject includes transplanting pancreatic islet cells into the patient and administering a therapeutically effective amount of decorin, so as to increase the secretion of insulin by the d cells.
- the method for treating a diabetic subject comprises bringing pancreatic islet cells intended to be grafted into the patient into contact with decorin, grafting the pancreatic islet cells treated in the patient and the administration of a therapeutically effective amount of decorin, so as to increase insulin secretion by the transplanted pancreatic islet cells and / or to increase the viability of the transplanted pancreatic islet cells or reduce apoptosis.
- the pharmaceutical composition is intended to be administered to a donor patient, in particular for the purpose of preserving the viability of the pancreatic islets which are intended to be removed, that is to say to reduce the occurrence and / or the frequency of apoptosis in pancreatic islet cells that are taken from the donor.
- compositions according to the present invention may vary depending on the route of administration and the dosage for which the composition is intended to be used.
- the composition according to the invention can in particular be in solid, semi-solid or liquid form.
- a composition according to the invention may be in any form suitable for administration to a mammal, in particular man, for example in the form of tablets, tablets, lozenges, dragees, capsules, capsules, pills, aggregates, powder, suspensions, emulsions, syrups, ointments, ampoule of liquid, bottle with a dropper and other similar forms of liquid or powder preparations intended to be taken in measured units of small amount, injectable solutions or suppositories.
- excipients such as water, 2,3-butanediol, Ringer's solution, isotonic solutions of sodium chloride, synthetic mono or diglycerides, and oleic acid are often used for formulation injections.
- Suitable carriers can also be chosen from magnesium carbonate, magnesium stearate, talc, sugar, lactose, pectin, dextrin, starch, gelatin, gum tragacanth, methylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose , a low melting wax and cocoa butter.
- the solid compositions can be formulated in the presence of an inert excipient such as sodium citrate, and optionally of additives such as, for example, binding agents, humectants, disintegrating agents, absorption accelerators, lubricating agents , etc.
- additives such as, for example, binding agents, humectants, disintegrating agents, absorption accelerators, lubricating agents , etc.
- Other forms suitable include solid form preparations which are intended to be processed shortly before use into liquid form preparations.
- the physiologically acceptable vehicle can be a liquid, and the composition according to the invention is in the form of a solution.
- Liquid vehicles are used in the preparation of solutions, solvents, dispersion media, suspensions, emulsions, syrups, elixirs and compositions under pressure.
- Suitable liquid or gel-based carriers include, but are not limited to: water and physiological saline solutions; emulsions or suspensions, including saline and buffered media, urea; alcohols (for example, methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol); glycols (for example, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol and the like), non-aqueous solvents such as propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, vegetable or seed oils such as olive oil, and organic esters injectables such as ethyl oleate.
- water-based vehicles have a neutral pH (for example, pH 7.0 ⁇ 1.0 or 0.5 pH units).
- Liquid compositions including for example emulsions, microemulsions, solutions, suspensions, syrups, or elixirs can be formulated in particular in the presence of solvents, solubilizing agents, emulsifiers, oils, fatty acids, and / or other additives such as, for example, suspending agents, preservatives, sweeteners, natural or synthetic flavors, viscosifying agents, stabilizing and / or thickening agents and / or food-grade coloring agents, which must all be compatible with the maintenance of decorin activity.
- the emulsions can be prepared in aqueous solutions of propylene glycol or can contain emulsifying agents such as lecithin, sorbitan monooleate or acacia.
- emulsifying agents such as lecithin, sorbitan monooleate or acacia.
- Well known thickening agents can also be added to compositions such as corn starch, natural or synthetic gums, resins, methylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, guar gum, xanthan gum and the like.
- Preservatives can also be included in the composition, including methylparaben, propylparaben, benzyl alcohol and ethylenediamine tetraacetate salts.
- the composition of the excipient can be changed as long as it does not significantly interfere with the pharmacological activity of decorin.
- the decorin or the pharmaceutical composition according to the invention can be used for human or animal medicine purposes, the subject under consideration possibly being in particular a mammal, more particularly any animal subject such as a laboratory animal (for example, non-human primate, rat , mouse, hamster, guinea pig), a pet or farm animal (dogs, cats, horses, etc.), or a human.
- the subject may have diabetes, especially type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, gestational diabetes, or be at risk of developing diabetes.
- the subject has been diagnosed as being type 1 or type 2 diabetic.
- the recipient patient has been diagnosed as being type 1 or type 2 diabetic.
- the donor subject of pancreatic islet cells is not diabetic.
- the donor is a healthy individual.
- the donor subject When the donor subject is a human, the donor fulfills the requirements relating to organ donation known to those skilled in the art.
- the characteristics that allow the pancreas to be offered for organ or islet transplantation by a human donor are defined by a weight greater than 10 kg, an age less than 65 years, the absence of a history of diabetes, increase in liver transaminases greater than 3 times normal and cardiac arrest.
- compositions according to the present invention can be administered using any combination of dosage and route of administration effective to achieve the desired therapeutic effect.
- the exact amount to be administered and the frequency of administration will depend in particular on the type of subject, human or animal, depending on the age, weight, general condition of the patient or animal, the nature and the severity of diabetes.
- the route of administration can be chosen according to the nature and severity of the diabetes and / or according to the age and / or health of the patient.
- composition according to the invention can be administered systemically, orally, by inhalation or by injection, for example by intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, transdermal, intraarterial route.
- composition according to the invention can be administered in one or more times, that is to say in the form of a single dose or of multiple doses.
- composition according to the invention can be administered in the form of several doses.
- the composition according to the invention can be administered chronically.
- the administration of the decorin, the drug or the composition comprising the decorin is at regular intervals.
- the composition is administered to the subject at a frequency of between one dose per day and one dose per week, in particular one dose every 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 days.
- the frequency of administration may be several doses per day, for example 2, 3, 4 or 5 doses per day.
- the daily doses can be divided to facilitate administration, for example with one administration in the morning and another in the evening. Diabetes treatment
- the present invention relates to a method of treating diabetes comprising the administration of a therapeutically effective amount of decorin or of a pharmaceutical composition comprising decorin according to the present invention, a nucleic acid sequence encoding the latter. , a vector comprising this nucleic acid sequence, or a cell comprising said nucleic acid sequence or said vector, to a subject who is diabetic or capable of developing diabetes.
- the present invention relates to a method of treating diabetes comprising the administration of a therapeutically effective amount of decorin or of a pharmaceutical composition according to the invention and the transplantation of Langerhans islet cells to a diabetic subject.
- Langerhans islet cell cells are transplanted using the usual procedure in the art. In particular, they are transplanted into the liver of the recipient patient, where they will be implanted intraportally.
- the treatment methods according to the invention generally involve the administration to an individual in need of an effective amount of decorin, of a pharmaceutical formulation or composition according to the invention, either in order to limit or delay diabetes and its symptoms and / or limit or delay the onset of diabetes complications, either to reduce inflammation or to promote the taking of pancreatic islet transplants.
- Methods of treating diabetes include methods of treating individuals who have been diagnosed with diabetes, methods of reducing the risk of complications of diabetes in an individual who has been diagnosed with diabetes and who have received treatment conventional, in particular individuals having undergone or being likely to undergo a transplantation of pancreatic islet cells.
- the therapeutically effective or sufficient amount of decorin or of a pharmaceutical composition according to the invention is an amount making it possible to obtain the desired effect, namely an effect promoting the increase in the secretion of insulin by pancreatic islets and / or an effect reducing inflammation and / or an effect promoting the viability of pancreatic islet cells, in particular that of transplanted pancreatic islets and / or their vascularization.
- the therapeutically effective or sufficient amount of decorin or of a pharmaceutical composition according to the invention can be an amount making it possible to increase the duration of insulin independence of a diabetic patient, in particular that of a recipient patient. having undergone a pancreatic islet cell transplant.
- the therapeutically effective or sufficient amount of decorin or of a pharmaceutical composition according to the invention is an amount which makes it possible to delay the onset of complications of diabetes in a diabetic patient, in particular that of a recipient patient who has undergone a transplant of pancreatic islet cells.
- a "therapeutically effective amount" of decorin or a composition according to the invention is an amount which reduces the severity of a symptom and / or reduces a measurable parameter associated with diabetes by at least about 10%, at least about 20%, at least about 25%, at least about 30%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 80 %, or at least about 90% or more, in comparison with the symptom (for example, severity of the symptom), or in comparison with the measurable parameter associated with diabetes, in the absence of treatment of the subject.
- the measurable parameter is blood sugar.
- a "therapeutically effective amount" of decorin or a pharmaceutical composition according to the invention is an amount which reduces inflammation by at least about 10%, at least about 20%, at least about 25%, at least about 30%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 80%, or at least about 90% or more, in comparison with the symptom (for example, the severity of the symptom), or in comparison with the inflammatory condition of a diabetic patient who has not been treated with decorin or with a pharmaceutical composition comprising it.
- a "therapeutically effective amount" of decorin or a pharmaceutical composition according to the invention is an amount which increases the cell viability of the islet cells by at least about 10%, at least about 20%, at least about 25%, at least about 30%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 80%, or at least about 90 % or more, in comparison with the viability of the pancreatic islet cells in the absence of treatment of the subject with decorin or with a pharmaceutical composition according to the invention.
- a "therapeutically effective amount" of decorin or a pharmaceutical composition according to the invention is an amount which increases the vascularization of the pancreatic islet cells by at least about 10%, at least about 20%, at least about 25%, at least about 30%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 80%, or at least about 90 % or more, in comparison with the vascularization of the pancreatic islet cells in the absence of treatment of the subject with decorin or with a pharmaceutical composition according to the invention.
- the present invention can be used in circumstances where it is desired to improve the viability of pancreatic islet cells regardless of the underlying diabetic condition.
- An advantage of the present invention is that it can be used to promote the viability and / or vascularization of pancreatic islet cells, by administration of decorin, a pharmaceutical composition or a drug comprising decorin, a nucleic acid sequence encoding decorin, a vector comprising this nucleic acid sequence, or a cell comprising said nucleic acid sequence or said vector, before, during and / or after transplantation of pancreatic islet cells.
- the invention relates to a method for increasing the quality and / or the survival time of pancreatic islet cells, comprising the administration to a donor and / or recipient subject of a pharmaceutical composition according to the invention, so that the quality and / or the survival time of the graft is increased.
- the graft corresponds to the pancreatic islet cells before and / or after purification.
- the invention also relates to the use of decorin to promote the revascularization of the pancreatic islets after transplantation in a recipient patient.
- the present invention relates to decorin, a nucleic acid sequence encoding decorin, a vector comprising this nucleic acid sequence, or a cell comprising said nucleic acid sequence or said vector, for the preparation of a drug or a composition intended for the treatment of diabetes, in particular within the framework of a transplantation of pancreatic islet cells in humans. It also relates to a method making it possible to promote the taking of the graft of the pancreatic islet cells in a patient, the method comprising the administration of a therapeutically effective amount of decorin or of a pharmaceutical composition according to the invention and transplantation of pancreatic islet cells.
- the donor patient is treated with decorin, a pharmaceutical composition or a drug comprising decorin, a nucleic acid sequence coding for decorin, a vector comprising this nucleic acid sequence, before removal. pancreatic islets.
- the recipient patient is treated with decorin, a pharmaceutical composition or a drug comprising decorin, a nucleic acid sequence encoding decorin, a vector comprising this nucleic acid sequence, or a cell. comprising said nucleic acid sequence or said vector, before, during and / or after transplantation of the pancreatic islets.
- the administration of decorin or of a composition according to the invention to the recipient patient can thus take place before, during and / or after the recipient patient has undergone transplantation of the pancreatic islet cells.
- the recipient patient can be administered decorin or a pharmaceutical composition according to the invention in combination with pancreatic islet cells.
- these pancreatic islet cells come from an individual donor having been treated with decorin, a pharmaceutical composition or a drug comprising decorin, a nucleic acid sequence coding for decorin or a vector comprising this sequence nucleic acids, before removal of the pancreatic islets.
- the pancreatic islet cells may have been cultured in a medium comprising decorin before their transplantation into the recipient patient.
- the invention also relates to the administration or transplantation of pancreatic islet cells which have been brought into contact with decorin or with a composition comprising decorin, a nucleic acid sequence coding for decorin or a vector comprising this nucleic acid sequence, in a recipient patient, preferably a patient suffering from diabetes, in particular type 1 diabetes.
- the invention also relates to gene therapy methods for the treatment of diabetes, allowing the introduction of a nucleic acid sequence encoding decorin according to the present invention, in order to induce the secretion of decorin in the circulation.
- Gene therapy consists in correcting a deficiency or an anomaly (for example a mutation, an aberrant expression) or in ensuring the expression of a protein of interest by introducing its nucleic acid sequence into the affected cell or organ.
- This nucleic acid sequence can be introduced either ex vivo in a cell extracted from an individual, the cell then being introduced into the target organ or tissue of the individual after its transformation, or directly in vivo in the cells of the tissue. or the appropriate body.
- cells are derived from a diabetic subject or from a donor subject and subjected to genetic manipulation in order to transfer there a sequence coding for decorin or for a variant thereof or a vector comprising this sequence.
- these cells are eukaryotic cells, in particular human cells chosen from stem cells, endocrine cells, pancreatic islet cells or liver cells.
- the cells are pancreatic islet cells, in particular beta cells.
- the invention relates to gene therapy of pancreatic islet cells ex vivo.
- the transfer into the cells of the nucleic sequence coding for decorin or of the vector comprising it can be carried out by electroporation, by biolistics or by liposomes, these methods being able to be optimized for the transfection of cells of pancreatic islets ( Levine et al., Diabetes Metab. Rev. 13: 209-246 (1997)).
- the CRISPR / Cas system can be used to modify target cells.
- the transfer into cells can also be carried out with viral vectors, preferably vectors having a tropism for the target cells, for example those of the pancreatic islets or of the hepatic cells.
- the invention relates to a method of treating diabetes in a diabetic subject comprising the steps consisting in: a) providing one or more pancreatic islet cells, preferably purified pancreatic islet cells, b) introduction into cells of a nucleic acid sequence coding for decorin or of a vector comprising said sequence, c) transplantation of the modified cells of step b) in the recipient diabetic subject in amounts sufficient to promote the survival of grafted pancreatic islet cells, to promote the production of insulin by these cells and / or treat diabetes in the individual.
- pancreatic islet cells can be obtained from a donor patient or from the recipient patient himself.
- the transformed pancreatic islet cells comprising a nucleic acid sequence coding for decorin or a variant thereof can come from different patients or from the same patient.
- the increase in the survival of cells transformed with the nucleic acid sequence coding for decorin or a variant thereof which are transplanted in the recipient is at least 20%, 50% or 75%, compared to cells which have not been transformed with a nucleic acid sequence coding for decorin. Comparisons in cell survival can be made at any time after a transplant, for example, a week, a month, three months, six months, a year, five years, etc.
- cells transformed with the nucleic acid sequence encoding decorin or a variant thereof decorate the production of insulin sufficient to treat diabetes in the recipient for more than a week, preferably three months, more preferably one year; and ideally for the whole life of the recipient of these cells.
- Diabetes is characterized by a fasting blood sugar level greater than or equal to 1.26 g / l, checked twice. There are several tests to detect or monitor diabetes. The diagnosis of diabetes is based on the clinic, the presence of hyperglycemia, and the questioning of the patient. The reference examination carried out in a medical analysis laboratory is a blood test measuring blood sugar or blood sugar, which varies according to food intake. Testing for glycosuria, which is to look for albumin and sugar in the urine, is also helpful in detecting diabetes.
- Type 1 diabetes occurs in young, overweight patients. The presence of another type 1 diabetes in the family (in 1 in 10 cases) or of another associated autoimmune disease (in 1 in 10) reinforces the diagnosis. Type 1 diabetes is usually accompanied by cardinal syndrome and ketonuria.
- Type 2 diabetes occurs in patients generally over 40, overweight predominantly abdominal.
- the presence of a family history of type 2 diabetes, the existence of hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, hypertension and HDL-cholesterolemia are frequently associated with hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes. 2 and reinforce the diagnosis.
- Gestational diabetes occurs in pregnant women. Pregnancy is inherently diabetogenic because there is physiologically during this period a state of insulin resistance which can progressively worsen during pregnancy. Gestational diabetes can be asymptomatic or have symptoms similar to those of other types of diabetes.
- a first fasting blood glucose test in the first trimester of pregnancy is recommended to detect pre-pregnancy diabetes that has gone unnoticed.
- a second test called HGPO Hydrophilicity and Low
- a blood glucose value above the defined thresholds (0.92g / L on an empty stomach; or 1.80g / L after 1 hour of oral glucose load; or 1.53g / L after 2 hours) is sufficient to diagnose gestational diabetes.
- gestational diabetes must be monitored and treated because it poses a risk for the mother (premature delivery, risk of developing type II diabetes after childbirth) as well as for the child (respiratory distress, neonatal hypoglycemia, risk of developing type II diabetes).
- the invention also relates to decorin or a pharmaceutical composition according to the invention for use with a view to preventing and / or delaying the onset and / or limiting the progression of at least one of the complications of diabetes.
- Complications include acute complications such as diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar coma, severe hypoglycemia, retinopathy, nephropathy, renal failure, cardiovascular disease, in particular coronary artery disease, obliterating arteriopathy of the lower limbs , stroke / TIA or other peripheral arterial vascular damage related to atherosclerosis, mouth infections, foot ulcers, infections or plantar perforation.
- the invention also relates to decorin or a composition comprising decorin for use with a view to improving the worsening factors of diabetes or the associated comorbidities, in particular hypertension, insulin resistance, obesity , overweight, hyperlipidemia or depression.
- the invention also relates to decorin or a pharmaceutical composition according to the invention for use in the treatment of a diabetes complication chosen from the group consisting of diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar coma, severe hypoglycemia , nephropathy, renal failure, cardiovascular diseases, in particular coronary artery disease, obliterating arterial disease of the lower limbs, stroke / TIA or other peripheral arterial vascular disease in connection with atherosclerosis, mouth infections, foot ulcers, infections or plantar perforation.
- the invention also relates to decorin or a composition comprising decorin for use with a view to improving the worsening factors of diabetes or the associated comorbidities, in particular hypertension, insulin resistance, obesity , overweight, hyperlipidemia or depression.
- the invention also relates to decorin or a composition comprising decorin for use with a view to improving the overall glycemic balance, in particular the reduction of hypoglycaemia and hyperglycaemia, the improvement of HbAlc and other parameters of the invention. evaluation of the glycemic balance (TIR for example).
- the invention also relates to the preparation and use of a culture, preservation or transformation medium for pancreatic islet cells, the medium comprising decorin.
- Decorin is present in this medium as an active substance, that is to say having an effect on the cells of pancreatic islets, in particular on their survival, quality and their capacity to secrete insulin, and / or having an effect on decreasing inflammation.
- Isolation and purification of human pancreatic islets requires a 5 to 7 hour multi-step process to extract and purify the fraction of pancreatic islets that will be transplanted to the recipient patient. Enzyme digestion, gentle mechanical shearing, controlled purification and culture are the established approach for the preparation of a final product enriched in islet cells.
- the final preparation of the islets before their implantation consists of their incubation in a culture medium for 24 to 72 hours, in order to allow quality control of the evaluation of the release of the product, as well as the launching of the immunosuppressive treatment in the recipient before the transplant.
- This islet culture period helps minimize the number of dead or apoptotic cells and their by-products, which when transplanted could trigger and / or increase inflammation, exposing newly transplanted islets to harmful cytokines.
- pancreatic islet cells in culture allows them to be shipped to distant clinical transplant centers and also allows the concentration of expertise in isolating and purifying islets in regional facilities. treatment of human cells, thereby reducing the costs associated with treating the pancreas and transplanting islet cells.
- the invention relates to a culture, preservation or transformation medium for pancreatic islet cells comprising or consisting essentially of decorin, the use of decorin to prepare pancreatic islet cells intended to be transplanted in a diabetic patient, a method of preparing pancreatic islet cells intended to be transplanted in a diabetic patient as well as a graft comprising pancreatic islet cells prepared by this method or comprising decorin.
- the culture, preservation or transformation medium for pancreatic islet cells does not include collagen.
- the method for preparing pancreatic islet cells intended to be transplanted into a diabetic patient comprising bringing ex vivo contact of pancreatic islet cells with the medium or the composition comprising decorin.
- the method includes the steps of providing cells of the pancreatic islets and contacting said cells with decorin.
- the cells of the pancreatic islets were obtained by sampling from the donor subject. Cells can be contacted with decorin directly after collection from the donor, once purified, or both at the time of collection and purification of the cells.
- the pancreatic islet cells have been prepared from stem cells, in particular by inducing their differentiation into pancreatic islet cells.
- the invention relates to a method for maintaining or increasing the viability of pancreatic islet cells ex vivo, comprising a step of bringing pancreatic islet cells into contact with decorin as an active substance.
- the invention also relates to the use of decorin to preserve or increase the viability of pancreatic islet cells ex vivo.
- the invention relates to an ex vivo method for preparing pancreatic islet cells intended to be transplanted in a diabetic patient, said method comprising:
- pancreatic islet cells optionally, bringing the pancreatic islet cells into contact with decorin
- pancreatic islet cells possibly in the presence of decorin
- all the steps are carried out in the presence of decorin.
- decorin is used in pretreatment in the donor subject, during the removal of islets from the donor, in culture of pancreatic islets in vitro before transplantation, in pretreatment in the recipient subject, in post-transplant treatment in the recipient and / or throughout the life of the transplant in the recipient subject.
- the invention relates to a composition or a graft comprising decorin and pancreatic islet cells.
- the pancreatic islet cells may have been prepared by the method detailed above or may have been prepared by the method currently conventionally used for the preparation of a graft of pancreatic islet cells.
- these cells may have been transformed with a nucleic acid sequence coding for decorin according to the invention or with a vector comprising this sequence, in particular after their purification according to the method described above.
- the invention also relates to a method of treating diabetes in a diabetic subject, said method comprising the transplantation of a composition comprising purified pancreatic islet cells and a medium comprising decorin in a recipient subject, preferably a subject diabetic recipient.
- the invention also relates to a method of treating diabetes in a diabetic subject, said method comprising:
- pancreatic islets from a donor patient
- pancreatic islet cells possibly in the presence of decorin
- pancreatic islet cells with a nucleic acid sequence coding for decorin according to the invention or with a vector comprising this sequence
- pancreatic islet cells preferably in a medium comprising decorin
- composition comprising purified pancreatic islet cells and optionally decorin
- the method comprising at least one step carried out in the presence of decorin.
- all the steps are carried out in the presence of decorin.
- decorin is used in pretreatment in the donor subject, during the removal of islets from the donor, in culture of pancreatic islets in vitro before transplantation, in pretreatment in the recipient subject, in post-transplant treatment in the recipient and / or throughout the life of the transplant in the recipient subject.
- the invention relates to a method for promoting the production of insulin in a diabetic subject, said method comprising the transplantation of a composition or a graft comprising pancreatic islet cells and decorin.
- the invention relates to a method for increasing the duration of insulin independence of a patient, for reducing the risks of hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia, and / or for increasing the stabilization of glycemia, said method comprising transplanting a composition or a graft comprising pancreatic islet cells and decorin.
- the invention relates to decorin for use in preserving, increasing and / or maintaining the viability of pancreatic islet cells and / or increasing insulin secretion by pancreatic islet cells and / or decreasing inflammation.
- the cells of the pancreatic islets are present in a graft or in a composition intended to be transplanted.
- Decorin is in particular for acting on the cells of the pancreatic islets between the time of the removal of the islets from the donor patient and their transplantation into the recipient patient. More specifically, it can be used to act on the cells of the pancreatic islets between the time of the removal of islets from the donor patient and the time of purification of the islets, and / or between the time of purification of the cells of the pancreatic islets and the time of their transplant in a recipient patient.
- a proteomic study made it possible to identify the factors / myokines secreted by the muscle. This study made it possible to study the precise molecular mechanisms at the origin of the effects induced by certain myokines in a “control” situation and after induction of insulin resistance or even diabetes in animals. This proteomic study revealed a myokine that attracted the attention of the inventors: decorin.
- the effects of decorin on the survival of the pancreatic islets were assessed, in particular in relation to apoptosis.
- the TUNEL method was used. This method allows fluorescent labeling of cells whose DNA is fragmented and which are therefore in apoptosis.
- the cell nucleus was also labeled with DAPI, approximately 1000 cells were counted for each sample.
- the islets are cultivated in the absence or presence of decorin for 24 hours, then histological sections and TUNEL labeling are carried out.
- Pancreatic islets of Rat are cultivated in mediums more or less rich in glucose (2.8 or 16.7 mM glucose). The amount of insulin or glucagon released into the medium is then determined by the ELISA method.
- the impact of treatment with decorin on the secretion of insulin by the pancreatic islets was evaluated.
- the role of insulin is to promote the storage of glucose in the body's reserve organs when blood sugar is high.
- the functionality test shows an improvement in insulin secretion in the presence of decorin compared to the control condition (CTL).
- CTL control condition
- This difference in statistical power reflects better management of insulin secretion when the islets are in the presence of decorin for 24 hours.
- IGF-1R Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 Receptor
- the total protein content is recovered after the lysis of the pancreatic islet cells.
- the first is that decorin binds directly to IGF-1R and causes its activation.
- the second hypothesis is that the increase in the secretion of insulin by decorin causes the binding of this hormone on its IGF-1R receptor and thus increases its activation.
- increased activation of IGF-1R is beneficial for the cells of the pancreatic islets, since it makes it possible to trigger signaling pathways for cell survival, insulin secretion but also angiogenesis.
- the first step in this signaling pathway is the activation of the IGF-1R substrates: IRS-1 and IRS-2.
- Insulin Receptor Substrate 1 and 2 are inactive proteins linked to the intramembrane part of the IGF-1R receptor.
- insulin or decorin (according to the hypotheses above) binds to this receptor, the phosphate group of the receptor is transmitted to proteins 1RS 1 and 2 (becoming p-IRS-1 and p-IRS2, active proteins). They will then trigger cellular reactions, causing the entry of glucose into the cell, cell survival and growth.
- the active form of IRS-1 and p-IRS-1 was studied.
- IRS 1 and 2 On human islets, the expression and activation of IRS 1 and 2 were studied with three repetitions. As in the Rat, the protein expression of the inactive forms IRS-1 and IRS-2 is not modified. On the other hand, the expression of p-IRS-1 and p-IRS-2 is increased thanks to decorin.
- IRS-1 and 2 When IRS-1 and 2 are activated, several intracellular signaling pathways are activated.
- the MAPK / ERK pathway the transcription of growth, proliferation and cell survival genes is activated
- the PI3K / AKT pathway transcription of cell survival and protein synthesis genes.
- Akt insulin synthesis and secretion are also activated. This signaling pathway is interesting, since the Akt protein is involved in the regulation of a large number of survival proteins such as FoxOl and NF-kB p65. Akt is made active when it receives a phosphate group after the activation of IRS-1 or I RS-2, it then becomes phospho-Akt (p-Akt). p-Akt can then in turn activate different signaling pathways for cell survival and inhibit the mechanisms of apoptosis.
- Akt When Akt is activated, this protein can regulate the activity of a large number of proteins, among them FoxOl.
- FoxOl is a transcription factor that regulates genes involved in apoptosis. This protein is phosphorylated by p-Akt, which will cause its exclusion from the nucleus, thus blocking the transcription of the apoptosis genes (Oellerich M. F., Potente M., 2012).
- N F-KB is a transcription factor composed of several subunits (p65, RelB, c-Rel, p50 and p52). Depending on the associations between the subunits, the attachment to the target genes is different. Here, the p65 subunit of NF-kB has been studied. If p65 and p50 form a complex, then the genes targeted by this transcription factor are genes for cell survival. When the p65 subunit is phosphorylated (phospho-p65), then the transcribed genes are pro-inflammatory and therefore deleterious for the cell.
- phospho-p65 phosphorylated
- This molecule therefore does not promote the transcription of pro-inflammatory genes via the phosphorylation of p65.
- the protein expression of p65 thanks to decorin is interesting since in this inactive form, p65 can bind to another subunit of this complex (p50) and thus promote the transcription of genes for cell survival.
- SIRT1 makes it possible to protect the pancreatic beta cells against inflammation (Prud'homme GJ et al. 2014).
- the activity of SIRT1 is dependent on the amount of nutrients in the cell. The lower it is, the more SIRT1 is activated (low NAD + / NADH ratio) (Oellerich MF, Potente M., 2012).
- the amount of nutrients supplied to the cells is low since the vascular system is not yet sufficiently developed. Thanks to decorin, the expression of SIRT1 is increased, which will increase its actions tenfold during the transplantation of islets, thus promoting the mechanisms of cell survival.
- SIRT1 positively regulates the p65 subunit of NF-kB but also regulates the increase in protein expression of PGCla.
- This protein binds to a transcription factor that regulates the genes involved in the management of energy metabolism. It increases the biogenesis and the function of the mitochondria, it also plays a role in the vascularization mechanisms.
- HIF-Ia and 2a Hypoxia Inducible Factors pathway
- PLDs Prolyl Hydroxylase Domain
- HIF-Ia and HIF-2a are subunits of the transcription factors HIF-1 or HIF-2. After binding with the HIF-Ib subunit, these protein complexes can bind to the promoter regions of genes specific for angiogenesis (such as the VEGF gene for example). They therefore play a major role in the development and growth of blood vessels.
- PHDs are a family of enzymes comprising three proteins: PHD 1, 2 and 3, which, in normoxia (normal amount of oxygen in the blood, allowing normal activity of the cells), promote the degradation of the proteins HIF-Ia and 2a by using oxygen as a substrate.
- the HIF pathway is not solely responsible for the mechanisms of vascularization and angiogenesis.
- the inventors thus became interested in another major pathway for angiogenesis: the signaling pathway for VEGF-A and its receptor VEGF-Receptor 2 (VEGF-R2).
- VEGF-R2 Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2
- VEGF-R2 Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2
- the study of the phosphorylated form (active form) of VEGF-R2 also shows a significant difference. After treatment with decorin, there is an increase in the amount of VEGF-R2 and a significant increase in the activation of this receptor. It is interesting to increase the number of receptors since in this way the islets will be more receptive to the induction of angiogenesis by VEGF when they are transplanted.
- Figure 27 shows that decorin potentiates insulin secretion in response to glucose and protects from the effect of TNF-alpha on insulin secretion in islets of human Langerhans.
- the 10 independent preparations of human islets were treated with decorin in a control situation and after a pretreatment with TNF-alpha 20 nM for 24 h.
- Figure 28 shows that decorin increases the survival of the pancreatic beta cell and protects it from death induced by a mix of pro-inflammatory cytokines known to induce cell death in diabetes.
- the islets of human Langerhans were treated and then underwent double labeling: a TUNEL labeling marking the dead cells and an insulin labeling marking the beta-pancreatic cells.
- the 10 independent preparations of human islets were treated with decorin in a control situation and after a pretreatment with TNF-alpha + gamma interferon + IL-lbeta (20 nM for 24 h).
- N 10
- Figure 29 shows that decorin potentiates insulin secretion in response to glucose and protects from the effect of excess fat (palmitate: 500mM final) on insulin secretion in the islets of human Langerhans.
- the 10 independent preparations of human islets were treated with decorin in a control situation and after a pretreatment with palmitate for 48 h.
- Figure 30 shows that decorin increases the survival of pancreatic beta cells and protects them from death induced by fatty acids which mimic the circulating conditions of a diabetic patient.
- the islets of human Langerhans were treated and then a double marking was made: a so-called TUNEL marking marking the dead cells and an insulin marking marking the beta-pancreatic cells.
- the 10 independent preparations of human islets were treated with decorin in a control situation and after a pretreatment with palmitate for 48 h.
- N 10
- FIG. 31 shows that decorin potentiates the secretion of insulin in response to glucose and protects from the effect of an excess of sugar (glucose: 16.7 mM final) on the secretion of insulin in the islets of human Langerhans.
- the 10 independent preparations of human islets were treated with decorin in a control situation and after a glucose pretreatment for 48 h.
- FIG. 32 shows that decorin restores the secretion of insulin in isolated human islets in patients with type 2 diabetes.
- the islets of human Langerhans were treated with decorin for 24 hours before the measurement of secretion of insulin in response to glucose.
- N 2
- results obtained on the islets of Rat show that the use of decorin on the islets can improve the survival, the function and the angiogenesis of the pancreatic islets.
- the study is carried out on Wistar rats.
- the rats are housed according to collective standards: by five in cages, in a room at 23 ⁇ 1 ° C and in light / dark cycle of 12h. Rats are fed with standard kibbles (SAFE-A04, Villemoisson-sur-Orge, France), food and water are available ad libitum (free feeding mode, generally until satiety).
- Experiments on rats are carried out in accordance with the principles and rules of European legislation relating to the protection of animals. The protocol was deposited with the ministry and evaluated by the Regional Committee of Ethics in matter of Animal Experimentation of France (CREMEAS) of reference of file 2015042216149683.
- CREMEAS Regional Committee of Ethics in matter of Animal Experimentation of France
- pancreatic islets Isolation of pancreatic islets is carried out on male Wistar rats of body weight varying from 200 to 220 g, previously anesthetized with Imalgene ® (Ketamine, Marial, Lyon, France) supplemented with Rompun ® (Xylazine 2%, Bayer, Puteaux, France) intraperitoneally at the rate of 100 mI / 100 g of body weight.
- Imalgene ® Ketamine, Marial, Lyon, France
- Rompun ® Xylazine 2%, Bayer, Puteaux, France
- Isolation of pancreatic islets is carried out according to the method described by Sutton et al. (Sutton R. et al. 1986). The ventral buttonhole is cut out, then the pancreas is cleared from the other organs. After ligating the common bile duct to the duodenal mouth, 10 ml of type XI collagenase (Sigma-Aldrich, St-Louis, USA) at a rate of 1 mg / ml, are injected into the animal's pancreas via a catheter in the common bile duct at the hepatic mouth.
- type XI collagenase Sigma-Aldrich, St-Louis, USA
- pancreas is completely removed and the pancreatic islets are then separated from the exocrine tissue by centrifugation, using a discontinuous Ficoll gradient.
- the purified islets are cultured overnight in 25 cm 2 flasks in M199 medium * (Gibco ®, Saint Aubin, France) supplemented with 10% FCS (Sigma-Aldrich) and 1% ABAM for 24 h at 37 ° C, 5% CO 2 and in a humid atmosphere.
- pancreatic islets contained in the flanges are then cultured in 24-well plates at a density of 250 islets per well.
- the culture medium is M199 supplemented as described above.
- the culture medium for human islets is CMRL-1066 supplemented as described above.
- the culture media may or may not contain decorin (R&D, Systems, Minneapolis, USA) at the final concentration of 1 pg / ml.
- the culture is done for 24 hours at 37 ° C, 5% C02 and in a humid atmosphere. After 24 hours of incubation, the following tests were carried out.
- the islets were isolated and cultured in the absence or presence of decorin in a 24-well plate at a concentration of 1250 islets per well, at 37 ° C. and 5% CO 2.
- OCT Optimal Cutting Temperature
- Ruptures at the ends of the 3-OH strands of DNA, generated during apoptosis, are detected using the TUNEL technique (Terminal deoxynucleotidyl-transferase-mediated deoxyuridine 5-triphosphate nick-end labeling) according to the manufacturer's protocol ( In situ cell death detection kit, Roche).
- the cells were co-labeled with a monoclonal anti-insulin antibody (Cell Signaling Technology) and the cell nucleus was labeled with DAPI.
- the number of TUNEL-positive cells was determined by counting after observation under a fluorescent microscope. For each experiment, approximately 1000 cells were counted with the ImageJ software. Study of proliferation by immunostaining of KI67
- the histological section slides are produced and the KI67 labeling is carried out. This protein is only synthesized when the cells are in the division phase.
- the cells were labeled with an anti-KI67 antibody (Novus Biologicals) used at a 1: 100 dilution in phosphate buffered saline (PBS).
- PBS phosphate buffered saline
- the cell nucleus was labeled with DAPI.
- Culture media with glucose concentrations of 2.8 and 16.7 mM are prepared from a Krebs solution (115 mM NaCI, 4.7 mM KCI, 3.4 mM CaCI2, 1.2 mM KH2PO4, 2.1 mM MgS04, 21.2 mM NaHC03, 13.5 mM Hepes, [pH 7.4]) supplemented with 10% FCS.
- 10 islets are removed and synchronized for 30 minutes in the 2.8 mM glucose medium, then cultured for 1 h in the 2.8 mM medium and finally 1 h in the 16.7 mM glucose, at 37 ° C. and 5% CO 2. After these incubations, the islets are placed in an acid-ethanol solution to measure the total insulin and glucagon content of the islets which was not secreted during the test. The culture medium supernatant and the ethanol-acid are stored at -20 ° C. until the assays. The amount of insulin or glucagon in each sample is determined by the ELISA method according to the manufacturer's protocol (Mercodia AB, Uppsala, Sweden). Islet secretion is expressed as a percentage of the total insulin or glucagon content.
- the total protein content is extracted from the cultured islets using lysis buffer supplemented with a protease inhibitor (Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Mannheim, Germany). The samples were centrifuged at 10,000g for 10 minutes and the protein concentration in each sample was determined by a Bradford assay, with BSA as a standard.
- the antibodies used are the following: monoclonal anti-phospho-IRSl Tyr628 (Novus Biologicals, Littleton, CO, USA); polyclonal anti-phospho-IRS2 Tyr978 (RayBiotech, Norcross, USA); anti-Akt monoclonal (Cell Signaling Technology, Leiden, NETHERLANDS); monoclonal anti-phospho-Akt Ser473 (Cell Signaling Technology); polyclonal anti-phospho-AS160 Ser / Thr (Cell Signaling Technology); anti-NF-kB p65 monoclonal (Cell Signaling Technology); monoclonal anti-phospho-NF-kB p65 Ser536 (Cell Signaling Technology); monoclonal anti-FoxOl (Cell Signaling Technology); polyclonal anti-phospho-FoxOl Thr24 / Fox03a Thr32 (Cell Signaling Technology); polyclonal anti-SIRTl (Cell Signaling Technology); anti-PGCla polyclonal (Abcam, Cambridge, USA); poly
- the membranes are then rinsed three times five minutes with TBS-T, then incubated for 1 hour at room temperature with the secondary antibodies diluted 1: 10,000 in a solution of TBS-T and 5% BSA.
- the secondary antibodies diluted 1: 10,000 in a solution of TBS-T and 5% BSA.
- an anti-Rabbit immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody is used coupled with a horseradish peroxidase enzyme (Horseradish Peroxidase, HRP) (Sigma), or an anti-mouse IgG antibody coupled with HRP (Sigma).
- the membranes are rinsed as described above and the activity of HRP is detected after adding the Super Signal TM West Femto Maximum Sensitivity Substrate substrate (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Pittsburgh, PA, USA).
- the light emission is then captured by a camera (Chemidoc, Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA, USA) and images are taken.
- the light energy emitted by the HRP enzyme is analyzed semi-quantitatively using the ImageJ software.
- the light intensity relative to each protein is normalized using b-actin.
- the islets were isolated and cultured in the absence or presence of decorin in a 24-well plate at a concentration of 500 islets per well, at 37 ° C. and 5% CO 2. After 2, 4, 8, 12, or 24 hours of culture, the supernatant is removed and stored at -20 ° C until the dosage of VEGF-A.
- the amount of VEGF-A in the samples was determined by the ELISA method according to the manufacturer's protocol (RayBiotech). The protein concentration of each well was determined and the amount of VEGF-A was normalized by the total amount of protein.
- Islet transplant was performed in male Lewis rats (200 g), inbred strain, in order to evade immunological rejection reactions. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of 75 mg / kg of streptozotocin (STZ, Sigma-Aldrich) diluted in sterile physiological saline. The animals were considered diabetic after two consecutive measurements of blood sugar> 3 g / L using a blood glucose meter (Accu-chek Performa, Roche). The rats were then divided into 9 groups of 6 animals per group and metabolic monitoring was carried out for 2 months.
- Diabetic rats received a daily subcutaneous insulin injection of 6UI (blood sugar> 3 g / L) or 3UI (2 g / L> blood sugar ⁇ 3 g / L) diluted in daily sterile physiological saline (Lantus SoloStar ® with 100 IU / mL of insulin glargine, Sanofi, Paris, France).
- Metabolic control was monitored for 56 days after transplantation.
- a comparative study between the groups was carried out concerning, on the one hand the appearance of insulin independence and on the other hand the daily insulin requirements.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| FR1873296A FR3090320B1 (fr) | 2018-12-19 | 2018-12-19 | Utilisation de la decorine dans le traitement du diabete |
| PCT/FR2019/053186 WO2020128351A1 (fr) | 2018-12-19 | 2019-12-19 | La decorine pour son utilisation dans le traitement du diabete |
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| CA2781309A1 (fr) * | 2009-12-04 | 2011-06-09 | Euclid Systems Corporation | Composition et procedes pour la prevention et le traitement d'une degenerescence maculaire, d'une retinopathie diabetique et d'un oedeme maculaire diabetique |
| US10759865B2 (en) * | 2017-08-22 | 2020-09-01 | Eyal Levit | Treatment of diabetes mellitus |
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| BOUZAKRI KARIM ET AL: "Decorin: a new positive component of skeletal muscle to beta cell communication which prevent TNF-alpha and insulin resistance condition medium effect on beta cells", POSTER FOR ABSTRACT NO: 346; 52ND EASD ANNUAL MEETING, 15 September 2016 (2016-09-15), pages 1 - 1, XP093252642, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://provided.by.applicant> * |
| BOUZAKRI KARIM ET AL: "Silencing Mitogen-activated Protein 4 Kinase 4 (MAP4K4) Protects Beta Cells from Tumor Necrosis Factor-[alpha]-induced Decrease of IRS-2 and Inhibition of Glucose-stimulated Insulin Secretion", JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY, vol. 284, no. 41, 1 October 2009 (2009-10-01), US, pages 27892 - 27898, XP093245987, ISSN: 0021-9258, DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M109.048058 * |
| HAMMAR EVA ET AL: "<mark>Extracellular matrix protects pancreatic</mark> [beta]-<mark>cells against apoptosis</mark>: <mark>Role</mark> of <mark>short</mark>- and <mark>long</mark>-<mark>term signaling pathways</mark>", DIABETES, vol. 53, no. 8, 1 August 2004 (2004-08-01), pages 2034 - 2041, XP093246017, ISSN: 0012-1797, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://watermark.silverchair.com/zdb00804002034.pdf?token=AQECAHi208BE49Ooan9kkhW_Ercy7Dm3ZL_9Cf3qfKAc485ysgAAA1EwggNNBgkqhkiG9w0BBwagggM-MIIDOgIBADCCAzMGCSqGSIb3DQEHATAeBglghkgBZQMEAS4wEQQMcV5vMA7SfBQXitAEAgEQgIIDBHymoBv7Dan8rj0LLYBXOx-et_ThXhGiRDGpn3_76aEAvUZ2gtTPPqj4J2awcKieDdkoIP11mae_NPptUE7ro> DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.53.8.2034 * |
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| RUTTI SABINE ET AL: "Angiogenin and Osteoprotegerin are type II muscle specific myokines protecting pancreatic beta-cells against proinflammatory cytokines", SCIENTIFIC REPORTS, vol. 8, no. 1, 3 July 2018 (2018-07-03), US, XP093246030, ISSN: 2045-2322, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-28117-2> DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28117-2 * |
| See also references of WO2020128351A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3090320B1 (fr) | 2023-03-03 |
| WO2020128351A1 (fr) | 2020-06-25 |
| AU2019408887B2 (en) | 2025-11-27 |
| US20220072106A1 (en) | 2022-03-10 |
| IL284074B1 (en) | 2025-03-01 |
| IL284074B2 (en) | 2025-07-01 |
| IL284074A (en) | 2021-08-31 |
| AU2019408887A1 (en) | 2021-08-12 |
| US12508301B2 (en) | 2025-12-30 |
| FR3090320A1 (fr) | 2020-06-26 |
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