EP3899091A1 - Pièce de turbine résistante au sable fondu - Google Patents
Pièce de turbine résistante au sable fonduInfo
- Publication number
- EP3899091A1 EP3899091A1 EP19850765.9A EP19850765A EP3899091A1 EP 3899091 A1 EP3899091 A1 EP 3899091A1 EP 19850765 A EP19850765 A EP 19850765A EP 3899091 A1 EP3899091 A1 EP 3899091A1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- oxide
- chosen
- layer
- substrate
- reactive
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/16—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on silicates other than clay
- C04B35/22—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on silicates other than clay rich in calcium oxide, e.g. wollastonite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
- C23C28/34—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates
- C23C28/345—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates with at least one oxide layer
- C23C28/3455—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates with at least one oxide layer with a refractory ceramic layer, e.g. refractory metal oxide, ZrO2, rare earth oxides or a thermal barrier system comprising at least one refractory oxide layer
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/62222—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products obtaining ceramic coatings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/653—Processes involving a melting step
- C04B35/657—Processes involving a melting step for manufacturing refractories
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
- C23C28/32—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer
- C23C28/321—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer with at least one metal alloy layer
- C23C28/3215—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer with at least one metal alloy layer at least one MCrAlX layer
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
- C23C4/10—Oxides, borides, carbides, nitrides or silicides; Mixtures thereof
- C23C4/11—Oxides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
- C23C4/134—Plasma spraying
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
- F01D5/12—Blades
- F01D5/14—Form or construction
- F01D5/18—Hollow blades, i.e. blades with cooling or heating channels or cavities; Heating, heat-insulating or cooling means on blades
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
- F01D5/12—Blades
- F01D5/28—Selecting particular materials; Particular measures relating thereto; Measures against erosion or corrosion
- F01D5/288—Protective coatings for blades
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3231—Refractory metal oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
- C04B2235/3232—Titanium oxides or titanates, e.g. rutile or anatase
- C04B2235/3234—Titanates, not containing zirconia
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/34—Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3427—Silicates other than clay, e.g. water glass
- C04B2235/3436—Alkaline earth metal silicates, e.g. barium silicate
- C04B2235/3454—Calcium silicates, e.g. wollastonite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/74—Physical characteristics
- C04B2235/76—Crystal structural characteristics, e.g. symmetry
- C04B2235/767—Hexagonal symmetry, e.g. beta-Si3N4, beta-Sialon, alpha-SiC or hexa-ferrites
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/96—Properties of ceramic products, e.g. mechanical properties such as strength, toughness, wear resistance
- C04B2235/9669—Resistance against chemicals, e.g. against molten glass or molten salts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
- F05D2300/20—Oxide or non-oxide ceramics
- F05D2300/21—Oxide ceramics
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
- Y02T50/60—Efficient propulsion technologies, e.g. for aircraft
Definitions
- the invention relates to a turbine part, such as a turbine blade or a distributor vane for example, used in aeronautics.
- the exhaust gases generated by the combustion chamber can reach high temperatures, above 1200 ° C, or even 1600 ° C.
- a part of the turbojet engine, in contact with these exhaust gases, such as a turbine blade for example, must therefore be able to maintain its mechanical properties at these high temperatures.
- corrosion and / or oxidation of the substrate of the part is favored by these high temperatures.
- FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a section of a known turbine part 1, for example a turbine vane 6 or a distributor fin.
- the part 1 comprises a substrate 2, for example in monocrystalline metal superalloy.
- the substrate 2 is covered with a coating, for example with an environmental barrier 3.
- FIG. 2 schematically illustrates a section of the known turbine part 1.
- the part 1 comprises the substrate 2 covered with the environmental barrier 3.
- the environmental barrier 3 typically comprises a sublayer 4, a protective layer 5 and a thermally insulating layer 7.
- the sublayer 4 covers the substrate 2.
- the sublayer layer 4 is covered by the protective layer 5, formed for example by oxidation of the sublayer 4.
- the protective layer 5 makes it possible to protect the substrate 2 from corrosion and / or oxidation.
- the thermally insulating layer 7 covers the layer protective 5.
- the thermally insulating layer 7 can be made of ceramic, for example yttriated zirconia.
- the environmental barrier 3 degrades particularly when it is exposed to particles of sand (for example inorganic compounds such as silica) or more generally to oxides of calcium, magnesium, aluminum and / or silicon, whose acronym is CMAS.
- CMAS have lower melting temperatures than the materials of the environmental barrier 3, and can thus infiltrate in a molten state into the environmental barrier 3 when using the part 1, particularly in the interstices of the barrier environmental 3.
- the infiltration of CMAS into the environmental barrier 3 leads to the stiffening of the environmental barrier 3, which can cause its mechanical failure under the conditions of use of the turbine.
- the infiltration of CMAS also results in dissolution of the thermally insulating layer 7 by chemical reaction between the CMAS (s) and the thermally insulating layer 7.
- one or more CMAS 8 compounds can infiltrate into the interstices of the thermally insulating layer 7, resulting in the stiffening of the thermally insulating layer 7.
- the thermally insulating layer 7 can be chipped and broken by an insertion of CMAS compounds 8 when the part 1 is used, and for example be separated from the underlayer 4 .
- This precipitation causes the interstices present between the various columns of GZO and / or of the thermally insulating layer 7 to be blocked and the formation of a diffusion barrier, making it possible to slow down the rate of dissolution of the columns of GZO and / or of thermally insulating layer 7.
- a reactive layer of lanthanum zirconate (LazZ ⁇ Oz) can also be deposited on a turbine part.
- the reactive layer is brought into contact with molten CMAS, part of the reactive layer is dissolved, and the reaction between the reactive layer and the CMAS produces an apatite phase of Ca 2 La 8 (Si0 4 ) ô 0 2 . Cracks appear in the reactive layer, causing the appearance of areas of the part that are not protected from CMAS.
- US 2016/01 1589 describes a reactive layer comprising an anti-CMAS coating comprising an oxide having a weberite structure, making it possible to prevent the infiltration of molten CMAS into the environmental barrier.
- An object of the invention is to increase the resistance of a turbine part to CMAS compounds.
- Another object of the invention is to provide a coating allowing a turbine part to resist CMAS compounds different from a coating known from the prior art.
- Another object of the invention is to provide a coating allowing a turbine part to resist CMAS compounds and having adjustable mechanical and / or chemical properties.
- an environmental barrier comprising at least one layer chosen from a thermally insulating layer, a sublayer adapted to promote adhesion between the substrate and a thermally insulating layer, and a protective layer adapted to protect the substrate from oxidation and / or corrosion, the environmental barrier covering the substrate at least in part,
- At least one reactive layer adapted to react with at least one CMAS compound chosen from a calcium oxide, a magnesium oxide, an aluminum oxide and a silicon oxide, the reactive layer covering at least part of the environmental barrier , characterized in that the material of the reactive layer comprises an oxide of formula A'A ”B0 5 + ⁇ , A 'being chosen from a rare earth and yttrium, A” being chosen from a rare earth, yttrium and aluminum, B being chosen from titanium, zirconium, hafnium, tantalum and niobium, d being a real number between 0 and 0.5.
- the oxide has a mesh chosen from a cubic mesh, an orthorhombic mesh and a hexagonal mesh,
- the oxide has an atomic fraction of rare earth of between 16% and 25%, in particular between 18% and 25%, and more preferably between 20% and 25 3 ⁇ 4,
- a ’and A are the same element, A ’and A” being chosen from a rare earth, aluminum, scandium and yttrium,
- the part comprises at least two reactive layers, the two reactive layers having at least one element chosen from A ’, A” and B different.
- the oxide is suitable for forming a precipitate comprising apatite in contact with a CMAS compound chosen from a calcium oxide, a magnesium oxide, an aluminum oxide and a silicon oxide, the oxide has a crystalline mesh having at least one space group of the type chosen from
- the reactive layer directly covers a layer chosen from the thermally insulating layer and the protective layer,
- the reactive layer has a thickness of between 5 ⁇ m and 500 ⁇ m, the reactive layer comprises between 5% and 80% by volume of said oxide and also comprises at least 10% by volume of an element chosen from YSZ, AI2O3 , Y203-Zr02-Ta2C> 5, RE2Zr2Ü7 and Re 2 SÎ 2 0 7 and their combinations, RE designating an element chosen from yttrium and a lanthanide,
- the oxide is adapted to form a product during a first reaction with the CMAS compound, said product being adapted to form an apatite phase during a second reaction with the CMAS compound and / or with another product of the first reaction.
- the invention also relates to a method of protecting a turbine part comprising a step of depositing on the part a reactive layer adapted to react with at least one CMAS compound chosen from a calcium oxide, a magnesium oxide, a aluminum oxide and a silicon oxide, characterized in that the material of the reactive layer comprises an oxide of formula A'A ”BC> 5 + ⁇ , A 'being chosen from a rare earth and yttrium, A” being chosen from a rare earth, yttrium, scandium and aluminum, B being chosen from titanium, zirconium, hafnium, tantalum and niobium, d being a real number between 0 and 0.5.
- the part comprises a substrate and an environmental barrier comprising at least one layer chosen from a thermally insulating layer, a sublayer adapted to promote adhesion between the substrate and a thermally insulating layer, and a protective layer adapted to protect the substrate oxidation and / or corrosion, the environmental barrier covering at least partially the substrate, the reactive layer being deposited on the environmental barrier,
- the reactive layer is deposited by a method chosen from plasma spraying at atmospheric pressure or low pressure, plasma spraying of suspension, plasma spraying of solution, spraying by high speed flame in powder or suspension process, evaporation by electron beam, vapor deposition, sol-gel and electrophoresis.
- FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a section of a turbine part, for example a turbine blade or a distributor fin
- FIG. 2 is a photomicrograph illustrating a section of substrate covered with an environmental barrier
- FIG. 3 is a photomicrograph, illustrating the insertion of molten CMAS compounds into the environmental barrier
- FIG. 4 - Figure 4 is a photomicrograph, illustrating the insertion of molten CMAS compounds into the environmental barrier
- FIG. 5 - Figure 5 is a photomicrograph illustrating the rupture of an environmental barrier
- FIG. 6 a photomicrograph illustrating the rupture of an environmental barrier
- FIG. 7 schematically illustrates a turbine part comprising a coating according to the invention
- FIG. 8 schematically illustrates a turbine part comprising a coating according to the invention, in contact with CMAS compounds,
- FIG. 9 schematically illustrates a turbine part comprising a coating according to the invention.
- superalloy designates an alloy having, at high temperature and at high pressure, very good resistance to oxidation, corrosion, creep and to cyclic stresses (in particular mechanical or thermal).
- Superalloys find a particular application in the manufacture of parts used in aeronautics, for example turbine blades, because they constitute a family of high resistance alloys which can work at temperatures relatively close to their melting points (typically 0 , 7 to 0.8 times their melting temperatures).
- a superalloy may have a biphasic microstructure comprising a first phase (called “y phase”) forming a matrix, and a second phase (called “y phase”) forming hardening precipitates in the matrix.
- y phase a first phase
- y phase a second phase
- the coexistence of these two phases is designated by phase y- y ’.
- the “base” of the superalloy is the main metal component of the matrix. In the majority of cases, the superalloys comprise an iron, cobalt or nickel base, but also sometimes a titanium or aluminum base. The base of the superalloy is preferably a nickel base.
- the “nickel-based superalloys” have the advantage of offering a good compromise between resistance to oxidation, resistance to rupture at high temperature and weight, which justifies their use in the hottest parts of turbojets.
- the phase y ' has an ordered structure L12, derived from the cubic structure with centered face, coherent with the matrix, that is to say having an atomic mesh very close to this one.
- volume fraction refers to the ratio of the volume of an element or group of elements to the total volume.
- space group of a crystal denotes the set of symmetries of a crystal structure, that is to say the set of affine isometries leaving the structure invariant. It is a group in the mathematical sense of the term.
- a crystal is organized, in the invention, according to a space group of the type
- a part 1 comprises a substrate 2.
- the substrate 2 may preferably be a substrate 2 made of superalloy, and preferably made of nickel-based superalloy as described above.
- the substrate 2 is covered, at least in part, with an environmental barrier 3.
- the environmental barrier 3 may comprise, in a known manner, and as illustrated in FIG. 1, a sublayer 4 extending between the substrate 2 and the other layers of the environmental barrier 3, directly covering the substrate 2, adapted to promote adhesion between the substrate 2 and the other layers of the environmental barrier 3.
- the environmental barrier 3 may also include a protective layer 5, adapted to protect the substrate 2 from oxidation and / or corrosion, and directly covering the sublayer 4.
- the protective layer 5 is for example formed by oxidation of the sublayer 4. It can for example be made of alumina.
- the environmental barrier 3 can also include a thermally insulating layer 7, directly covering the protective layer 5.
- the part 1 also includes a reactive layer 9 adapted to react with at least one CMAS compound 8.
- the CMAS compound 8 can be chosen from a calcium oxide, a magnesium oxide, an aluminum oxide and / or a silicon oxide and their combinations.
- the reactive layer 9 at least partially covers the environmental barrier 3. It can directly cover at least one of the layers of the environmental barrier 3, chosen from the protective layer 5 and the thermally insulating layer 7. Different reactive layers 9 can also cover different layers of the environmental barrier 3.
- the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1 comprises at least one reactive layer 9 covering all of the layers of the environmental barrier 3.
- the reactive layer 9 can have a thickness of between 5 ⁇ m and 500 ⁇ m , so as to allow the formation of an apatite phase in contact with a CMAS 8 compound.
- the material of the reactive layer 9 comprises an oxide of formula A'A ”B0 5 + ⁇ , A 'being chosen from a rare earth and yttrium, A” being chosen from a rare earth, yttrium, scandium and aluminum, B being chosen from titanium, zirconium, hafnium, tantalum and niobium, d being a real number between 0 and 0.5.
- This formula allows the oxide of reactive layer 9 (hereinafter “the oxide”) to present a volume fraction in soil rare and / or in Yttrium high enough to allow rapid precipitation of the molten CMAS compound (s), and avoid their introduction into interstices presented in the environmental barrier 3.
- This formula can also advantageously allow the oxide of the reactive layer 9 to present a cubic mesh.
- Table 1 includes the different elements A ', A ”and B which can be chosen for the oxide.
- the oxide material can have an atomic fraction of rare earth and / or yttrium, aluminum and scandium of between 10% and 25%, and preferably between 18% and 25% when A 'and A ”are rare earths and / or yttrium.
- This range of atomic fractions in rare earth and / or in yttrium, comprising atomic fractions higher than that of Gd2Zr2Ü7 for example, allows the material of the reactive layer 9 to exhibit kinetics of reaction with the CMAS compound (s) 8 faster than that of the materials described in the prior art (for example Gd 2 ⁇ r 2 0 7 ).
- the CMAS compound (s) 8 melted in contact with the reactive layer 9 are immobilized more quickly, or slowed down by the production of an apatite phase, thickening and / or solidifying the CMAS reactive compound 8 at the interface with the environmental barrier. 3, and avoiding contact between the CMAS compound (s) 8 and other parts of the environmental barrier 3.
- the oxide can also have a crystalline mesh having a cubic crystalline structure, preferably having a space group of the type
- Pnma and / or a hexagonal type structure, preferably having a space group
- the elements A 'and A ” can be different.
- the reactivity of the oxide with respect to CMAS 8 can be increased by the formation of different phases, including at least one apatite phase, for example of formula Ca 2 RE 8 (Si0 4 ) ô 0 2 , RE being a rare earth or yttrium.
- One or more secondary oxides can also be produced by the reaction between the oxide and the CMAS 8 compound (s).
- the elements A ', A ”, B are chosen so as to allow the formation of a secondary oxide, resulting from the reaction between the oxide and the CMAS compound (s) 8.
- the secondary oxide formed can be reactive with secondary products of the reaction between the oxide and the CMAS compound (s) 8.
- the secondary oxide formed can also be directly reactive with the CMAS compound 8.
- the secondary oxides produced can be, for example:
- ZrÜ2 zirconia
- CaO lime
- MgO magnesia
- HfC> 2 hafnium oxides stabilized by lime (CaO) and / or magnesia (MgO), - perovskites, of calcium titanate (CaTiCH) or magnesium (MgTi0) types.
- the elements A 'and A ” can be the same element A: the oxide of the reactive layer 9 can be described by the formula A Z BO S + ⁇ , d being a real number between 0 and 0.5.
- the elements of the oxide are chosen from the elements described in Table 2.
- the atomic fraction of rare earth or aluminum or scandium or yttrium can be increased compared to known oxides, by the structure of the oxide.
- the manufacture of the reactive layer 9 can also be simplified in this way.
- the reactive layer 9 can comprise other anti-CMAS oxides.
- the reactive layer 9 can comprise between 5% and 80% by volume of said oxide and also comprises at least 10% by volume of an element chosen from YSZ, AI2O3, Y203-Zr02-Ta2C> 5, RE2Zr2Ü7 and Re2SÎ2C> 7 and their combinations, RE designating an element chosen from yttrium and a lanthanide.
- Another aspect of the invention is a method of protecting a part with molten sand (s).
- the method includes a layer deposition step reactive 9 as described above, on a part 1, or part of part 1.
- part of part 1 is meant a part of the surface and / or an internal part of part 1 (in which case one or more layers of part 1 can cover the reactive layer 9 once the part 1 has been produced) .
- the part 1 comprises the reactive layer 9.
- the part 1 comprising the reactive layer 9 deposited on the thermally insulating layer 7 has sufficient reactivity with the compound or compounds CMAS 8 to produce at least one apatite phase before the insertion of the molten CMAS compound (s) 8 into the interstices of the thermally insulating layer 7, and thus avoid or limit this insertion.
- the CMAS compound (s) 8 can more difficultly access the surface of the environmental barrier 3, and their effect on the rupture of the environmental barrier 3 is limited.
- a reactive layer 9 comprising the oxide GdzTiOs is subjected to chemical attack by a molten CMAS 8.
- the reactive layer 9 is deposited by plasma spraying of suspensions (SPS, acronym for Suspension Plasma Spraying) during of the production of part 1.
- SPS Suspension Plasma Spraying
- part of the reactive layer 9 is dissolved by the CMAS compound 8, and a phase of apatite Ca 2 Gd 8 (Si0 4 ) ô 0 2 impervious to molten CMAS 8 is formed between the reactive layer 9 and the molten CMAS 8.
- the layer of Ca 2 Gd 8 (Si0 4 ) ô 0 2 is also impermeable to the other products of the reaction (secondary products) between the reactive layer 9 and the CMAS compounds 8.
- the layer of Ca 2 Gd 8 (Si0 4 ) ô 0 2 also makes it possible to produce secondary phases, making it possible to protect the reactive layer 9.
- the environmental barrier 3 has no cracks.
- the cation reservoir of compound A that is to say A 'and A ”when A' and A” are the same element, makes it possible to form a tight layer and therefore to limit the depth of penetration, by compared to the use of a known reactive layer such as La 2 ⁇ r 2 0 7 .
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1873666A FR3090697B1 (fr) | 2018-12-20 | 2018-12-20 | Piece de turbine resistante au sable fondu |
| PCT/FR2019/053269 WO2020128402A1 (fr) | 2018-12-20 | 2019-12-20 | Pièce de turbine résistante au sable fondu |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3899091A1 true EP3899091A1 (fr) | 2021-10-27 |
Family
ID=67742477
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP19850765.9A Withdrawn EP3899091A1 (fr) | 2018-12-20 | 2019-12-20 | Pièce de turbine résistante au sable fondu |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US12441659B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP3899091A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3090697B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2020128402A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US12428348B2 (en) * | 2022-06-24 | 2025-09-30 | Rtx Corporation | Environmental barrier coating with thermal properties |
| US20230415193A1 (en) * | 2022-06-24 | 2023-12-28 | Raytheon Technologies Corporation | Environmental barrier coating |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2012027442A1 (fr) * | 2010-08-27 | 2012-03-01 | Rolls-Royce Corporation | Revêtements barrières environnementales à base de silicate de terres rares |
| JP6063313B2 (ja) | 2013-03-22 | 2017-01-18 | 株式会社東芝 | 電子デバイスの製造支援システム、製造支援方法及び製造支援プログラム |
| US20170022113A1 (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2017-01-26 | University Of Virginia Patent Foundation D/B/A/ University Of Virginia Licensing & Ventures Group | Rare earth silicate environmental barrier coatings having improved cmas resistance |
| US10145252B2 (en) * | 2015-12-09 | 2018-12-04 | General Electric Company | Abradable compositions and methods for CMC shrouds |
-
2018
- 2018-12-20 FR FR1873666A patent/FR3090697B1/fr active Active
-
2019
- 2019-12-20 WO PCT/FR2019/053269 patent/WO2020128402A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2019-12-20 US US17/416,916 patent/US12441659B2/en active Active
- 2019-12-20 EP EP19850765.9A patent/EP3899091A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3090697B1 (fr) | 2021-06-04 |
| WO2020128402A1 (fr) | 2020-06-25 |
| FR3090697A1 (fr) | 2020-06-26 |
| US12441659B2 (en) | 2025-10-14 |
| US20220064072A1 (en) | 2022-03-03 |
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