EP3894385A1 - Procédé de préparation d'un ester d'acide gras de polyglycérol - Google Patents

Procédé de préparation d'un ester d'acide gras de polyglycérol

Info

Publication number
EP3894385A1
EP3894385A1 EP18839668.3A EP18839668A EP3894385A1 EP 3894385 A1 EP3894385 A1 EP 3894385A1 EP 18839668 A EP18839668 A EP 18839668A EP 3894385 A1 EP3894385 A1 EP 3894385A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fatty acid
purification
polyglycerol
reaction mixture
reaction
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP18839668.3A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Dirk LOCHMANN
Sebastian REYER
Michael Stehr
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
IOI Oleo GmbH
Original Assignee
IOI Oleo GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by IOI Oleo GmbH filed Critical IOI Oleo GmbH
Publication of EP3894385A1 publication Critical patent/EP3894385A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C67/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
    • C07C67/08—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by reacting carboxylic acids or symmetrical anhydrides with the hydroxy or O-metal group of organic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C67/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
    • C07C67/48—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives
    • C07C67/60—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives by treatment giving rise to chemical modification
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
    • B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
    • B01J31/12—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing organo-metallic compounds or metal hydrides

Definitions

  • a process for providing polyglycerol fatty acid esters from a reaction mixture, to which a metal catalyst is added, and a process for purifying a synthetic intermediate product which contains excess fatty acid in addition to polyglycerol fatty acid esters are presented.
  • a significantly improved yield and a higher process speed with more economical use of starting materials, auxiliaries, solvents and energy are achieved.
  • the simplest polyglycerols that can form the basic structure for PGE are linear and branched diglycerols with the empirical formula C 6 0 5 H 14 , which are synthetically prepared industrially in a known manner, for example by adding glycerol with 2,3- Epoxy-1-propanol is base-catalyzed with the formation of ether linkages or base-catalyzed is thermally condensed, it being possible to subsequently separate the fraction mainly containing diglycerols.
  • Diglycerols can occur in three different structural isomeric forms, namely in the linear form, in which the ether bridge between the first carbon atoms of the two glycerol molecules used is formed, in the branched form, in the ether bridge between the first carbon atom of the first and the second Carbon atom of the second glycerol molecule used arises, and in a nucleodentrimere form, in which the ether bridge between the second carbon atoms.
  • the alkaline-catalyzed condensation of two glycerol molecules produces about 80% of the linear form and about 20% of the branched form, while the nucleodentrimeric form is only formed to a very small extent.
  • polyglycerols with more than two glyceryl units can also be used.
  • the polyglycerols are abbreviated "PG" and provided with a lower natural number n, which is the number of
  • Confirmation copy Polyglyceryl units indicates, ie "PG n ".
  • triglycerols would be given as PG 3 and would have the empirical formula C9O7H20.
  • the full esterification with a fatty acid, for example with stearic acid, would now take place on all free hydroxyl groups of the PG n molecule, in the case of a linear PG 3 on the first and second carbon atoms the first glyceryl unit, on the second carbon atom of the second glyceryl unit and on the second and third carbon atoms of the third glyceryl unit.
  • the empirical formula for this example could therefore be given with CgOyHisRs, where R would each stand for a fatty acid residue, in the chosen example with the empirical formula C 18 OH 35 .
  • partial esters can be distinguished from full esters.
  • PG (n) -Cm full ester or, where appropriate, PG (n) -Cm partial ester has become established the parenthesized "n", similar to the name of the polyglycerols, the Specifies the number of glyceryl units contained in the molecule and m stands for the number of carbon atoms of the saturated fatty acid used for the esterification reaction.
  • n stands for the number of glyceryl units with the empirical formula C 3 0 2 H 5 R, where R can represent a fatty acid residue or the hydrogen atom of a free hydroxyl group.
  • PG (2) -C18 full esters would therefore refer to full polyglycerol fatty acid esters with the empirical formula C eOgH ⁇ o.
  • the number of fatty acid residues is averaged, with the sum formula also indicating the fraction with the most frequently available esterification variants.
  • the esterification reactions preferably proceed from the outside in, presumably for steric reasons.
  • the hydroxyl groups which allow the highest degrees of freedom for the fatty acid residue are esterified first. Accordingly, the first esterification reaction on a linear polyglycerol preferably takes place on the hydroxyl group of a first carbon atom of a marginal, one-sided polyglyceryl unit, the second esterification reaction then on a hydroxyl group of a first carbon atom of a marginal, opposite-sided polyglyceryl unit.
  • the hydroxyl groups are esterified at positions which are already esterified and immediately adjacent carbon positions, and so on.
  • PG full esters differs from the synthesis of PG partial esters in particular in that in the former it is essential to add as much fatty acid to the polyglycerol to be esterified that all the hydroxyl groups of the polyglycerol presented can be esterified.
  • one mole should be linear Theoretically, diglycerol should be esterified with four moles of fatty acid in order to obtain a PG full ester, since each molecule of diglycerol has four free and thus esterifiable hydroxyl groups.
  • Fatty acids are understood here to mean aliphatic monocarboxylic acids, preferably having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, which are preferably unbranched and saturated and have an even number of carbon atoms, but can also be odd, branched and / or unsaturated.
  • Unbranched, saturated fatty acids having 16, 18, 20 or 22 carbon atoms, that is to say palmitic, stearic, arachic or behenic acid, are particularly preferably used for the preparation of the polyglycerol fatty acid full esters to be purified.
  • soaps formed are then washed out with water, usually in several steps, as described, inter alia, in Michael Bockisch: Handbuch der Strukturtechnologie, Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart 1993, pp. 484 ff.
  • the problem here is that soaps have an emulsifying effect and the resultant caused strong emulsion formation leads to losses in yield of polyglycerol fatty acid esters, which are usually more than 50%.
  • the alkali refining is carried out up to an acid number of less than 3.0 mg KOH / g, so much soap is produced that the loss of yield caused by the emulsion is no longer acceptable.
  • a process which comprises a synthetic method, for providing polyglycerol fatty acid esters from a reaction mixture which contains fatty acid and polyglycerol.
  • a catalyst is added to the reaction mixture which has at least one metal compound which contains at least one of the metals manganese, zinc, cobalt or titanium, such as the respective tetrahydrates of zinc acetate, cobalt acetate or manganese (II) acetate.
  • non-toxic tetrabutyl titanate which is preferred according to the invention in the synthesis of full polyglycerol fatty esters and is also used to increase efficiency in the synthesis of PG (n) -Cm partial esters from polyglycerol and fatty acid, offers high efficiency with regard to the degree and rate of conversion
  • the strong Lewis acid titanium (IV) acts as an activator of the reactants, which react with fatty acid to form the corresponding esters.
  • excess fatty acid which is obtained in the catalyzed or uncatalyzed synthesis of polyglycerol fatty acid esters, in particular full polyglycerol fatty acid esters, in an intermediate to be purified, by means of a process for purifying polyglycerol fatty acid esters from such an intermediate
  • intermediate product which can be obtained, for example from polyglycerol and fatty acid or derivatives
  • the preferably liquefied intermediate product, which still contains excess fatty acid being refined with a basic solution, preferably with dilute aqueous sodium or potassium hydroxide solution, until Fatty acid salts are formed and an acid number of the fat phase of less than 1.0 mg KOH / g is reached, in order to be subsequently advantageously subjected to a solvent removal, preferably under reduced pressure, which preferably involves a separation step for separating the fatty acid salts from the polyglycerol fatty acid ester by centrifugation, alternatively by means
  • the efficiency of the purification process can be increased by modifying the upstream reaction process of the intermediate product to be purified. It has proven to be advantageous to charge the polyglycerols and fatty acids used at temperatures of around 80 ° C and melt them with the formation of a two-phase mixture, which surprisingly has no negative effect on the subsequent yield or on the product properties of the full polyglycerol fatty acid ester, partly because the two-phase reaction mixture is homogenized in the course of the reaction process. Of course, only one of the components of the reaction mixture can also be introduced in liquid form and the liquefaction of the reaction mixture can be achieved by heat exchange between the components.
  • the upstream reaction process can include the addition of a suitable catalyst with the features mentioned above, with the advantage that the fatty acid excess and thus the fatty acid fraction to be removed from the intermediate product can be lower without the reaction time being prolonged.
  • the excess of fatty acid required for the reaction process can also preferably be reduced by a drying step in which the reaction mixture is initially exposed to a reduced pressure of less than 20 mbar compared to normal pressure. This drying step is preferably carried out before adding a catalyst.
  • the reaction process preferably comprises a heating step in which the reaction mixture is heated up to 235 ° C. at a pressure of 400 mbar.
  • the desired esterification reaction starts at around 200 ° C.
  • the subsequent purification process and a small amount of fatty acid in the intermediate product to subject the reacting reaction mixture to a pressure drop during the reaction process, in which the pressure on the reaction mixture is preferably gradually reduced from 400 mbar to below 50 mbar becomes.
  • the purification process for polyglycerol fatty acid esters is particularly efficient if the intermediate to be purified has a hydroxyl number of less than 20 mg KOH / g, preferably less than 10 mg KOH / g and particularly preferably less than 4 mg KOH / g and at the same time has an acid number of less than 15 mg KOH / g, preferably less than 10 mg KOH / g and particularly preferably less than 4 mg KOH / g.
  • the low hydroxyl number compared to polyglycerol fatty acid partial esters indicates an almost complete esterification of the free hydroxyl groups of the polyglycerol used, while the acid number gives an indication of the amount of excess fatty acid in the intermediate.
  • the amount of fatty acid or fatty acid derivative used in the reaction mixture permits control of the process for the provision of polyglycerol fatty acid esters in such a way that the catalyzed synthesis process leads either to partial polyglycerol fatty acid esters or to full polyglycerol fatty acid esters. If the reaction mixture contains a clear excess of polyglycerol-bound hydroxyl groups compared to the carboxyl or carboxylate groups to be esterified, a partial ester is formed.
  • the reaction mixture contains at least one polyglycerol-bonded hydroxyl group for each carboxyl or carboxylate group to be esterified, preferably an excess of such hydroxyl groups, the catalyzed synthesis process is aimed at full polyglycerol fatty acid esters.
  • the synthesis process can advantageously be supplemented by the process for purifying polyglycerol fatty acid esters from an intermediate product containing excess fatty acid.
  • the addition of the catalyst during the synthesis process is carried out both in the case of synthesis directed towards partial and full ester, preferably between the drying step explained for the reaction process and the subsequent heating step, with the order of the steps described for the reaction process otherwise unchanged.
  • it can advantageously be filtered off using a 1 pm filter, the catalyst or its reaction products, such as titanium dioxide when tetrabutyl titanate being used, being removed almost completely. Nevertheless, traces of the respective metal of the catalyst used remain detectable even in the purified end product.
  • the process comprising a synthesis process for providing polyglycerol fatty acid esters from a reaction mixture is explained in more detail below with the aid of two examples, the first example relating to the provision of partial esters and the second example relating to the provision of full esters including the purification to remove excess fatty acid relates.
  • the intermediate product obtained in this way and containing full polyglycerol fatty acid is then refined at 80 ° C. to 90 ° C. with aqueous 10.5% NaOH solution until an acid number of less than 1.0 mg KOH / g is reached, that is to say fatty acid salts have formed.
  • the drying is then carried out step by step from 800 mbar to less than 20 mbar at 100 ° C.
  • the soap formed is separated by centrifugation, alternatively filtered off.
  • the yield of single-phase PG full ester should now be more than 90%. Before filling, the PG full ester can be filtered through a 1 pm filter. The catalyst is almost completely removed, but traces of the metal can still be detected.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un processus de préparation d'un ester d'acide gras de polyglycérol à partir d'un mélange réactionnel auquel est ajouté un catalyseur métallique, ainsi qu'un procédé de purification d'un produit intermédiaire de synthèse qui, outre un ester d'acide gras de polyglycérol, contient un acide gras excédentaire. Par rapport à l'état de la technique, l'invention permet d'obtenir un rendement nettement amélioré et une vitesse de processus plus élevée grâce à une utilisation économique de matières de départ, d'adjuvants, de solvants et d'énergie.
EP18839668.3A 2018-12-11 2018-12-11 Procédé de préparation d'un ester d'acide gras de polyglycérol Pending EP3894385A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/DE2018/000363 WO2020119839A1 (fr) 2018-12-11 2018-12-11 Procédé de préparation d'un ester d'acide gras de polyglycérol

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3894385A1 true EP3894385A1 (fr) 2021-10-20

Family

ID=65228285

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP18839668.3A Pending EP3894385A1 (fr) 2018-12-11 2018-12-11 Procédé de préparation d'un ester d'acide gras de polyglycérol

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US11414370B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP3894385A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP7320517B2 (fr)
CN (1) CN111670175B (fr)
BR (1) BR112020015358A2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2020119839A1 (fr)

Family Cites Families (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4011251A (en) 1975-03-13 1977-03-08 Boris Konstantinovich Tjurin Method of preparing esters of glycerol and polyglycerols and C5-C9 monocarboxylic fatty acids
CA1185610A (fr) * 1981-06-22 1985-04-16 Paul Seiden Synthese d'ester de polyglycerol
DE59101481D1 (de) * 1990-02-23 1994-06-01 Basf Ag Verwendung von Mischungen aus Polyglycerinfettsäureestern als Emulgatoren in kosmetischen und pharmazeutischen Zubereitungen.
DE4005819A1 (de) 1990-02-23 1991-08-29 Basf Ag Verwendung von mischungen aus polyglycerinfettsaeureestern als emulgatoren in kosmetischen und pharmazeutischen zubereitungen
DE4101431A1 (de) 1991-01-18 1992-07-23 Henkel Kgaa Verfahren zum entfernen von fettsaeuren aus rohen fettsaeureestern
DE4105305A1 (de) * 1991-02-20 1992-08-27 Solvay Werke Gmbh Polyglycerinfettsaeureestergemisch
DE4223407A1 (de) * 1992-07-16 1994-02-10 Solvay Fluor & Derivate Verfahren zur Herstellung von Polyglycerinfettsäureestergemischen und die Verwendung in kosmetischen, pharmazeutischen und chemisch-technischen Zubereitungen
JP3365422B2 (ja) * 1992-07-28 2003-01-14 三菱化学株式会社 高純度ポリグリセリン脂肪酸エステルの製造方法
JP3546462B2 (ja) * 1994-03-22 2004-07-28 三菱化学株式会社 ポリグリセリン脂肪酸エステルの分離方法
US5585506A (en) * 1994-07-22 1996-12-17 Lonza Inc. One phase production of polyglycerol esters
ES2278439T3 (es) * 1998-03-23 2007-08-01 THE PROCTER & GAMBLE COMPANY Procesos mejorados para sintetizar y purificar grasas no digeribles.
US6620904B2 (en) * 2000-11-06 2003-09-16 Lonza Inc. Processes for preparing linear polyglycerols and polyglycerol esters
DE10251984A1 (de) 2002-11-08 2004-05-19 Cognis Deutschland Gmbh & Co. Kg Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Esters
US20060240194A1 (en) * 2005-04-26 2006-10-26 Cargill, Incorporated Polyglycerol fatty acid ester composition and coating
US8227399B2 (en) 2010-02-12 2012-07-24 Evonik Goldschmidt Gmbh Polyglycerol esters and their use
DE102012018207A1 (de) 2012-09-14 2014-03-20 Oxea Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstelluna von Polyolestern
DE102013015289A1 (de) * 2013-09-14 2015-03-19 Oxea Gmbh Verfahren zur Nachbehandlung von Polyolestern
BR112019003247B1 (pt) * 2016-08-18 2022-01-25 Evonik Operations Gmbh Ésteres de poliglicerol reticulados, seu método de preparo e uso e preparações cosméticas ou farmacêuticas
CN110227254B (zh) 2019-06-21 2020-07-07 腾讯科技（深圳）有限公司 视角切换控制方法和装置、存储介质及电子装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP7320517B2 (ja) 2023-08-03
WO2020119839A1 (fr) 2020-06-18
CN111670175A (zh) 2020-09-15
CN111670175B (zh) 2024-06-25
JP2022520292A (ja) 2022-03-30
US20210292269A1 (en) 2021-09-23
US11414370B2 (en) 2022-08-16
BR112020015358A2 (pt) 2020-12-08

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