EP3870449A1 - Procédé de fabrication d'une pièce, pièce et procédé de détermination d'un code associé à une pièce - Google Patents
Procédé de fabrication d'une pièce, pièce et procédé de détermination d'un code associé à une pièceInfo
- Publication number
- EP3870449A1 EP3870449A1 EP19817388.2A EP19817388A EP3870449A1 EP 3870449 A1 EP3870449 A1 EP 3870449A1 EP 19817388 A EP19817388 A EP 19817388A EP 3870449 A1 EP3870449 A1 EP 3870449A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- powder
- solid state
- state
- code
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/141—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials
- B29C64/153—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials using layers of powder being selectively joined, e.g. by selective laser sintering or melting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a part, a part and a method of determining a code associated with a part.
- the invention applies more particularly to a method of manufacturing a part formed from a material in a solid state, comprising:
- Such a manufacturing process is for example used in additive part manufacturing.
- the desired volumes have been aggregated to form the part, the latter is extracted from the remaining powder which has not been aggregated.
- a hole is always provided connecting this cavity to the outside of the room to evacuate the remaining powder.
- the cavities can be simply obtained by suspending the aggregation for certain predefined volumes internal to the part.
- the material in the powder state has different physical characteristics from those of the material in the solid state.
- the manufacturing costs are not significantly changed.
- These different physical properties can be used to insert a code in the room, as in the publications mentioned above. They can also be used for other purposes. For example the presence of material in the powder state can locally weaken the part in order to give it a mechanical fuse function.
- the material includes one of: plastic, metal and ceramic.
- the supply of material in the powder state is carried out layer by layer, and the aggregation of the material comprises, after each layer deposition, the aggregation of at least part of the layer deposited to pass it to the solid state.
- the solid part of a layer according to the layer or layers defining the side walls forms a cover resting on the side walls to close the cavity.
- the method further comprises:
- the cavities form, in a predefined plane, a bar code or a QR code.
- the aggregation is a fusion of the material in the powder state.
- a part formed from a material in a solid state characterized in that it comprises at least one closed cavity filled with this same material in the powder state.
- the material in the solid state comes from the fusion of this material while it was in the powder state.
- a method for determining a code associated with a part according to the invention comprising:
- Figure 1 schematically shows the general structure of a part manufacturing system, according to one embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 2 illustrates the successive stages of a process for manufacturing a part, according to an embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 3 schematically represents the system of FIG. 1 with a part being manufactured according to the method of FIG. 2, the part being in a first intermediate state,
- FIG. 4 schematically represents the system of FIG. 1 with a part being manufactured according to the method of FIG. 2, the part being in a second intermediate state,
- FIG. 5 schematically represents the system of FIG. 1 with a part being manufactured according to the method of FIG. 2, the part being in a third first intermediate state,
- FIG. 6 schematically represents the system of FIG. 1 with a part being manufactured according to the method of FIG. 2, the part being in a final state,
- FIG. 7 schematically shows the part of Figures 3 to 6 after extraction from the manufacturing system
- FIG. 8 schematically represents the general structure of a system for determining a code associated with a part
- FIG. 9 illustrates the successive steps of a method for determining a code associated with a part, according to an embodiment of the invention.
- FIG.10 Figure 10 schematically shows another part obtained by a method according to the invention.
- the system 100 is an additive manufacturing system on a powder bed, for example of the SLM type (from the English “Selective Laser Melting").
- SLM type from the English “Selective Laser Melting”
- the invention is not limited to this example and could also be applied to other types of additive manufacturing method, on a powder bed or not.
- the system 100 firstly comprises a plate 102 on which a part 104 during manufacture is intended to extend.
- the plate 102 is movable vertically.
- the system 100 further comprises a reservoir 106 designed to contain powder and to pour this powder.
- the system 100 further includes a spreading device 108 designed to spread the poured powder to form a powder layer.
- the system 100 further comprises a melting device 1 10 designed to merge at least a portion of the powder layer over its entire thickness, for example by providing thermal energy.
- the fusion device 110 includes for example a laser.
- the system 100 further comprises a control device 1 12 of the tray 102, the powder reservoir 106, the spreading device 108 and the melting device 1 10.
- the control device 1 12 is for example a device computer comprising a processing unit 1 14 (for example a central processing unit, from the English “Central Processing Unit” or CPU) and a memory 1 16 (for example, a random access memory, from the English “Random Access Memory "Or RAM) designed to contain computer program instructions to be executed by the processing unit 1 14 for the implementation of the functions of the control device 1 12.
- a processing unit 1 14 for example a central processing unit, from the English “Central Processing Unit” or CPU
- a memory 1 16 for example, a random access memory, from the English “Random Access Memory "Or RAM
- control device 1 12 obtains a plan of a part to be manufactured.
- the plan is for example created by CAD (Computer Aided Design).
- the control device 1 12 obtains a code associated with the part 104.
- a code associated with the part 104 At least a first part of the code represents information associated with the part such as for example a unique identifier of the part, a product reference, date and / or place of manufacture.
- Another part of the code may also be present and represent verification data from the first part and / or error correction from the first part. In the case of a binary code, this other part represents for example parity bits of the first part of the code.
- the control device 1 12 defines a geometry of one or more closed cavities, the geometry of the cavity or cavities having at least one characteristic defined from the code.
- the cavities can for example be coded according to a dimension.
- the cavities can be pavers all having the same height and the same depth, but having a width which can take two different values, one small and the other large.
- the widths of the cavities can therefore express a binary code: the small width representing one of the two binary values and the large width representing the other.
- the distances between the cavities can also be coded.
- the cavities can thus form, in the plane of their height and their width, a bar code.
- the cavities can be coded according to two dimensions.
- the cavity or cavities can be of different shapes, among which: square, rectangle, trapezoid, cylinder or sphere. The form chosen may depend on the type of reading method used to determine the code from the part.
- the control device 1 12 modifies the plan to provide, inside the part 104 to be manufactured, the cavity or cavities closed with the defined geometry.
- control device 1 12 controls the other elements of the system 100 to supply material in a powder state at several points in space, and, depending on the point of the space, to either aggregate the material to pass it into the solid state so that the aggregated material forms the part, or leave the material in the powder state, as indicated on the plan.
- the aggregation is a melting by heating of the material in powder form.
- the approval also includes the sintering of the material in powder form, or even the deposition of a binder on the powder.
- the supply of material in the powder state is carried out layer by layer, and the melting of the material comprises, after each layer deposition, the melting of at least part of the deposited layer to pass it to the solid state.
- step 210 comprises, for each layer, the following steps 212 and 216.
- a layer of material in the powder state is deposited either on the plate 102 if it is the first layer, or on the previous layer if it is another layer.
- material in the powder state is poured through the reservoir 106 and then spread by the spreading device 108 to form the layer of material in the powder state.
- step 214 depending on what the plan provides for each point of the layer, that is to say the fuser 1 10 fuses the layer at this point over the entire thickness of the layer to pass the material in the solid state, that is to say the fusion device 110, leaves the material in the powder state at this point over the entire thickness of the layer.
- step 216 the plate 102 descends from the thickness of a layer.
- a stack of layers of material is obtained, each having at least one part where the material is in the solid state (forming the desired part) and, where appropriate, a part where the material is in the powder state.
- the parts where the material is in the solid state delimit the closed cavity or cavities provided by the plane, this or these closed cavities being filled with the material left in the powder state during steps 214.
- the part is removed from the material left in the powder state which is not retained in the part, for example in the closed cavity or cavities.
- the part is obtained according to the plan, with the closed cavity or cavities filled with the material in the state of non-fused powder.
- a layer Ci of material in the powder state is deposited on a previous layer (step 212) and partially fused (step 214) so that the material in the solid state of the layer Ci forms a bottom 302 common to cavities during manufacture which will be visible in the following figures.
- a layer C2 of material in the powder state is deposited on the layer Ci (step 212) and partially fused (step 214) so that the material in the solid state forms a first part of side walls 404 rising from the common bottom 302 of the cavities, which bear the reference 402.
- the rest of the material in the powder state of the layer C2 is left in place, in particular between the side walls 404 of the cavities 402.
- a layer c 3 of material in the powder state is deposited on the layer C2 (step 212) and partially fused (step 214) so that the material in the solid state forms a second part of the side walls 404, extending the first part.
- the rest of the material in the powder state of the layer c 3 is left in place, in particular between the side walls 404 of the cavities 402.
- a layer c 4 of material in the powder state is deposited on the layer c 3 (step 212) and partially fused (step 214) so that the material in the solid state of the layer c 4 forms a cover 602 resting on the side walls 404 of the cavities 402 and closing these cavities 402.
- the rest of the material in the powder state of the layer c 4 is left in place.
- the material in the non-fused powder state of the layers C2 and c 3 left in place between the side walls 404 is thus enclosed in the closed cavities 402.
- the code expressed by the geometry of the cavities 402 is masked under the layer c 4 of fused material, which thus serves as a layer for masking the code.
- multiple masking layers could be used.
- the thickness of the masking layer (s) can thus range, for example, from 0.1 mm to 1 mm.
- the code expressed by the geometry of the cavities 402 is therefore buried and not visible from outside the room.
- the cavities 402 are protected from external aggressions of use (corrosion, friction, temperature, etc.) or fraudulent.
- the part is extracted from the non-fused powder extending outside of the part 104, to obtain the final part 104 comprising at least one closed cavity 402 filled with material at the state of powder not fused.
- the part 104 is formed of material in the solid state, obtained by aggregation of this material in the powder state, and has at least one cavity 402 filled with the material in the powder state.
- the part 104 is for example obtained by means of the method 200 described above.
- the system 800 firstly comprises a transmitter device 802 designed to cause the appearance of a signal in the part 104, intended to be modified differently depending on whether it passes through parts of the fused powder or parts of non-fused powder like closed cavities 402.
- the system 800 also includes a receiver device 804 designed to detect the modified signal in the room 104.
- the system 800 further includes a data processing device 806 designed to control the transmitter device 802, to receive the detection of the modified signal carried out by the receiver device 804 and to determine a code associated with the part from the detection of the modified signal.
- a data processing device 806 designed to control the transmitter device 802, to receive the detection of the modified signal carried out by the receiver device 804 and to determine a code associated with the part from the detection of the modified signal.
- the piece 104 is formed from a material in a solid state, and comprises at least one closed cavity 402 filled with this same material in the powder state.
- the solid state material comes from the fusion of this material while it was in the powder state.
- the part 104 has for example been manufactured by the method 200.
- the transmitting device 802 generates a signal in the room 104.
- the signal is modified differently by the parts of fused powder and by the parts of non-fused powder, such as the closed cavities 402.
- the receiving device 804 which can be the sending device 802, detects the modified signal.
- a step 908 at least one geometric characteristic of each closed cavity 402 is determined from the detected modified signal.
- the geometric characteristics determined are the widths of the cavities.
- the code associated with the piece 104 is determined from the determined geometric characteristic or characteristics.
- the code is binary and determined from the widths of the closed cavities and / or the distances between the closed cavities.
- steps 902, 904, 906 are preferably non-destructive, in that they do not substantially modify the structure of the part.
- several types of signal can be used.
- an electrical measurement method can be used to exploit the difference in electrical conductivity between the parts of fused powder and the parts of non-fused powder.
- the emitting device includes, for example, eddy current coils designed to cause the appearance of an electric current in the room.
- an electromagnetic measurement method can be used to exploit the difference in electromagnetic properties between the parts of fused powder and the parts of non-fused powder.
- a thermal measurement method can be used to exploit the difference in thermal conductivity between the parts of fused powder and the parts of non-fused powder.
- the transmitting device is for example designed to heat the room, for example on the basis of impulse heating
- the receiving device comprises for example a thermal camera designed to measure the different infrared radiation emitted by the room.
- an ultrasonic measurement method can be used to exploit the difference in volume density (defining the interface to which ultrasound is sensitive) between the parts of fused powder and the parts of non-fused powder.
- a Terahertz THz method can be used, this method consisting in generating in the room electromagnetic waves of frequency of the order of terahertz, for example between 300 GHz and 30 THz.
- FIG. 10 Another example of part 104 which can be obtained by the method of FIG. 2 is illustrated in FIG. 10.
- This part 104 delimits a spherical cavity 1002 filled with the material left in the powder state. More specifically, a layer 1004 forms a bottom of the cavity 1002, subsequent layers 1006 form walls (curved in the example described) of the cavity 1002 and a further layer 1008 forms a cover resting on the walls to close the cavity 1002.
- a DED process (from English, "Direct Energy Deposit") in which a nozzle projects powder which is immediately fused by a laser could be used.
- the laser could be stopped for places where the material is left in the powder state.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1871249A FR3087379B1 (fr) | 2018-10-22 | 2018-10-22 | Procede de fabrication d’une piece, piece et procede de determination d’un code associe a une piece |
| PCT/FR2019/052496 WO2020084238A1 (fr) | 2018-10-22 | 2019-10-21 | Procédé de fabrication d'une pièce, pièce et procédé de détermination d'un code associé à une pièce |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3870449A1 true EP3870449A1 (fr) | 2021-09-01 |
Family
ID=65444241
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP19817388.2A Withdrawn EP3870449A1 (fr) | 2018-10-22 | 2019-10-21 | Procédé de fabrication d'une pièce, pièce et procédé de détermination d'un code associé à une pièce |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP3870449A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3087379B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2020084238A1 (fr) |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20120183701A1 (en) * | 2009-09-25 | 2012-07-19 | Heinz Pilz | Method for producing a marked object |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7357887B2 (en) | 2004-04-08 | 2008-04-15 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Identifiable structures and systems and methods for forming the same in a solid freeform fabrication system |
| FR2975319B1 (fr) * | 2011-05-17 | 2014-04-11 | Michelin Soc Tech | Procede de fabrication d'element moulant par frittage laser |
| EP3722027B1 (fr) | 2013-11-25 | 2021-07-21 | SLM Solutions Group AG | Procédé et appareil permettant de générer une pièce contenant un code d'information |
| FR3029829B1 (fr) * | 2014-12-10 | 2017-09-29 | Snecma | Eprouvette, dispositif experimental et procede de caracterisation d'une poudre pour fabrication additive |
| US20170018074A1 (en) | 2015-07-14 | 2017-01-19 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Security protected part identification and method of part manufacture |
-
2018
- 2018-10-22 FR FR1871249A patent/FR3087379B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2019
- 2019-10-21 WO PCT/FR2019/052496 patent/WO2020084238A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2019-10-21 EP EP19817388.2A patent/EP3870449A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20120183701A1 (en) * | 2009-09-25 | 2012-07-19 | Heinz Pilz | Method for producing a marked object |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3087379B1 (fr) | 2021-12-03 |
| FR3087379A1 (fr) | 2020-04-24 |
| WO2020084238A1 (fr) | 2020-04-30 |
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