EP3841412A1 - Verfahren zur herstellung eines optischen bauelementes mittels laserstrahlung - Google Patents
Verfahren zur herstellung eines optischen bauelementes mittels laserstrahlungInfo
- Publication number
- EP3841412A1 EP3841412A1 EP19769385.6A EP19769385A EP3841412A1 EP 3841412 A1 EP3841412 A1 EP 3841412A1 EP 19769385 A EP19769385 A EP 19769385A EP 3841412 A1 EP3841412 A1 EP 3841412A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- component
- optical
- refractive index
- laser radiation
- modification
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B6/13—Integrated optical circuits characterised by the manufacturing method
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
- B23K26/062—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by direct control of the laser beam
- B23K26/0622—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by direct control of the laser beam by shaping pulses
- B23K26/0624—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by direct control of the laser beam by shaping pulses using ultrashort pulses, i.e. pulses of 1 ns or less
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/0006—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring taking account of the properties of the material involved
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
- B23K26/082—Scanning systems, i.e. devices involving movement of the laser beam relative to the laser head
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/50—Working by transmitting the laser beam through or within the workpiece
- B23K26/53—Working by transmitting the laser beam through or within the workpiece for modifying or reforming the material inside the workpiece, e.g. for producing break initiation cracks
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/34—Coated articles ; Surface treated articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/30—Organic materials
- B23K2103/42—Plastics other than composite materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/50—Inorganic materials other than metals or composite materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/50—Inorganic materials other than metals or composite materials
- B23K2103/54—Glass
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing an optical component by means of laser radiation.
- the target parameters determine the optical function of the structure produced, for example for a Bragg grating the dispersion and the central working wavelength, ie wavelength of maximum reflection (or minimum transmission). Possible reasons include material inhomogeneities or, in the case of optical waveguides (e.g. optical fibers), material deviations between different waveguides (at Multicore fibers or waveguide systems) or along the respective waveguide.
- optical waveguides e.g. optical fibers
- the generation of the structure itself, which determines the optical functionality can also lead to deviations from the specified target parameters (eg due to the introduction of heat and the resulting material stresses). Such deviations can hardly be compensated for or corrected in the production of the optical components in the prior art.
- the invention achieves this object by a method according to claim 1, which comprises the following method steps:
- pre- and post-processing is carried out to reduce undesired deviations and to achieve the most precisely desired target parameters.
- the invention is suitable for the production of components with different functionalities, with periodic or also aperiodic structures, in mostly transparent components, such as optical fibers.
- deviations from target parameters in an already structured component are first determined, for which purpose microscopy methods such as phase contrast or nonlinear microscopy (SHG, THG) are suitable.
- Material deviations from the desired structure can also be determined by means of spatially resolved Raman spectroscopy. Above all, deviations in the spectral properties can be determined by means of spectroscopy. If an interferometer is also used, the dispersive function can also be measured. On this basis, refractive index modifications can then be introduced according to the invention in the postprocessing step in order to correct the determined deviations from the target parameters in a targeted and precise manner.
- Pulsed laser radiation is expediently used to modify the material of the component in the pre- or post-processing step, the pulse duration being 10 fs to 10 ps and the central wavelength being in the range from 150 nm to 10 pm.
- a short-pulse laser (or ultra-short-pulse laser) of known and commercially available type is expediently used as the source for generating such laser radiation, for example a titanium-sapphire laser or a mode-locked fiber laser, in which an optical fiber doped with rare earth ions is used as the laser medium is optically pumped by means of a laser diode.
- the laser radiation generated is expediently amplified by means of one or more optical amplifiers, which are also known and commercially available.
- beam shaping and / or beam deflection of the laser radiation directed onto the component takes place in the pre- and / or post-processing step in order to specifically produce a spatially variable modification of the refractive index in the material of the component.
- the Beam shaping / or beam deflection is expediently carried out by means of controllable focusing optics and / or adaptive optics.
- the spatially variable modification of the refractive index of the structure determining the optical functionality in the material of the component is advantageously superimposed, so that the finished component fulfills the objectives with high precision.
- Adaptive optics are particularly suitable for deflecting and focusing the laser radiation.
- the adaptive optics can be used to modify the intensity curve across the cross section of the laser beam and thus to shape the beam.
- the necessary change in direction and focusing of the laser beam is achieved by the deflecting and focusing optics, for which purpose it is expediently controlled by a control computer during the pre- and / or post-processing step.
- a combination of deflecting mirror and focusing optics in the form, for example, of an adjustable arrangement of spherical or cylindrical lenses or also free-form optics and / or curved mirrors
- Alternative realizations are possible, for example based on diffractive optics.
- the combination of static optical components with adjustable optical components for pre- and / or post-processing enables flexible local and also large-area modification.
- the beam shaping is preferably carried out by means of adaptive optics.
- Adaptive optical elements are known per se from the prior art, for example in the form of mechanically deformable or adjustable mirrors or lenses.
- the adaptive optical element enables static or dynamic control of the beam shape.
- an adaptive optical element is any element which enables an adaptable control of the wave front and intensity profile of the laser radiation. This enables precise control of the intensity and wave front course in the material of the component.
- Any statically or dynamically adaptable reflective or transmissive element known from the prior art which modifies the beam shape is suitable as an adaptive optical element.
- the targeted It is possible to influence the resulting modification because, for example, by using permanent or dynamically adaptive mirrors, undesirable local material deviations in the material can be flexibly addressed individually.
- the pulse energy, the repetition rate and / or the number of laser pulses applied in the material of the component per volume or per area can advantageously be varied in the pre-processing and / or post-processing step to generate the spatially variable modification.
- the laser or an associated pulse picker or attenuator
- the control computer used for the pre- and / or post-processing of the component can be controlled in a correspondingly simple manner with the control computer used for the pre- and / or post-processing of the component.
- the component is clamped in a holder during the modification of the refractive index, and / or an immersion liquid is used to couple the laser radiation into the material of the component.
- a possible surface curvature or curvature of the component e.g. curvature of the fiber surface
- An immersion liquid improves the coupling of the laser radiation into the material of the component.
- the method according to the invention is advantageously suitable for producing optical components such as optical waveguides or optical waveguide systems, in particular optical single-core or multi-core fibers (with or without coating).
- the laser radiation used to modify the refractive index during post-processing can also be coupled axially into the fiber.
- the optical functionality of the component can be that of an optical grating, in particular a fiber Bragg grating, an aperiodic fiber Bragg grating, a long-period grating or a volume Bragg grating.
- the target parameter to be set according to the invention can be a central working wavelength and / or a dispersion of the component. Exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to the figures. Show it:
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic illustration of the refractive index modification according to the invention: a) uniform modification, b) linearly increasing modification of the refractive index, c) variable modification;
- Fig. 2 shows a schematic representation of an optical arrangement used for the method according to the invention.
- the diagrams in FIG. 1 show different refractive index profiles n (x) along the longitudinal axis x of an optical waveguide.
- the solid curve indicates the refractive index profile n (x), which was initially created as a structure in the material of component 1 in order to give the component its optical functionality, here a periodic structure (Bragg grating) as a narrow-band reflector.
- the arrow in each of the diagrams indicates how the refractive index is modified in a post-processing step, so that the refractive index profile n (x) is then obtained in accordance with the respective dashed curve.
- the local change in the refractive index does not always have to be positive.
- FIG. 2 schematically shows an arrangement with which, according to the invention, a refractive index modification can be introduced into the material of the component in a pre- or post-processing step.
- Suitable as materials for the component 1 to be processed are all types of transparent, partially transparent or absorptive materials (for the laser central wavelength used in each case), which can be present, for example, as optical fibers with and without coating, as bulk materials with and without waveguides, etc.
- the use of the ultra-short laser pulses enables the material to be modified locally. This enables a highly localized change in the refractive index.
- the ultra-short pulses of laser radiation allow the modification of transparent (or partially transparent) materials.
- the area to be processed in the material of the component is appropriately addressed by means of beam shaping or scanning the laser beam.
- the strength of the change in refractive index can be controlled, among other things, by the pulse energy, the number of pulses per surface or per volume and the repetition rate of the laser.
- the centrally reflected wavelength of a Bragg grating can be changed.
- a refractive index modification increasing (or decreasing) towards one side of the component, as shown in FIG. 1b, can be used to change the dispersive and reflective properties.
- non-linear courses of the refractive index modification are conceivable in order to obtain the desired complex dispersion and reflection profiles.
- An example of what such a non-linear curve, imprinted on a periodic structure, can look like is shown in FIG. 1 c.
- imaging focusing optics 3 comprising spherical or cylindrical lenses, free-form optics, curved mirrors, etc.
- flexible adaptive optics 4 for beam shaping for the purpose of targeted local modification .
- the laser radiation can also be coupled into the latter.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optical Fibers, Optical Fiber Cores, And Optical Fiber Bundles (AREA)
- Optical Couplings Of Light Guides (AREA)
- Lasers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102018120568.6A DE102018120568B4 (de) | 2018-08-23 | 2018-08-23 | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines optischen Bauelementes mittels Laserstrahlung |
| PCT/EP2019/072605 WO2020039079A1 (de) | 2018-08-23 | 2019-08-23 | Verfahren zur herstellung eines optischen bauelementes mittels laserstrahlung |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3841412A1 true EP3841412A1 (de) | 2021-06-30 |
Family
ID=67982012
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP19769385.6A Withdrawn EP3841412A1 (de) | 2018-08-23 | 2019-08-23 | Verfahren zur herstellung eines optischen bauelementes mittels laserstrahlung |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20210402512A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP3841412A1 (de) |
| CA (1) | CA3114273A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102018120568B4 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2020039079A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102020214038A1 (de) * | 2020-11-09 | 2022-05-12 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Verfahren zur Behandlung eines lichtdurchlässigen Frontelements eines optischen Sensors für ein Fahrzeug |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20120219249A1 (en) * | 2011-02-24 | 2012-08-30 | Xyratex Technology Limited | Optical printed circuit board, a method of making an optical printed circuit board and an optical waveguide |
| US20120314990A1 (en) * | 2011-06-10 | 2012-12-13 | Xyratex Technology Limited | Optical waveguide and a method of fabricating an optical waveguide |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3531738B2 (ja) | 2000-02-22 | 2004-05-31 | 日本電気株式会社 | 屈折率の修正方法、屈折率の修正装置、及び光導波路デバイス |
| US6768850B2 (en) * | 2001-08-16 | 2004-07-27 | Translume, Inc. | Method of index trimming a waveguide and apparatus formed of the same |
| US7194162B2 (en) * | 2002-02-22 | 2007-03-20 | Neophotonics Corporation | Filter response optimization for an arrayed waveguide grating device by adjusting grating optical path length at nanometer scale |
| US6753118B2 (en) * | 2002-03-27 | 2004-06-22 | Fitel Usa Corp. | Optical grating fabrication process |
| CA2426935A1 (en) * | 2003-04-25 | 2004-10-25 | Teraxion Inc | Method for improving the optical performances of bragg gratings |
| US8591777B2 (en) * | 2008-12-15 | 2013-11-26 | Ofs Fitel, Llc | Method of controlling longitudinal properties of optical fiber |
| WO2016123719A1 (en) * | 2015-02-05 | 2016-08-11 | Grenier Jason R | Reshaping of optical waveguides by refractive index modification |
| DE102015009610A1 (de) * | 2015-07-22 | 2017-01-26 | Carl Zeiss Meditec Ag | Post-operative Modifikation einer Intraokularlinse |
| FR3053155B1 (fr) | 2016-06-27 | 2019-09-06 | Universite d'Aix-Marseille (AMU) | Procedes et systemes de fonctionnalisation optique d'un echantillon en materiau semi-conducteur |
| GB201712640D0 (en) * | 2017-08-07 | 2017-09-20 | Univ Oxford Innovation Ltd | Method of laser modification of an optical fibre |
-
2018
- 2018-08-23 DE DE102018120568.6A patent/DE102018120568B4/de active Active
-
2019
- 2019-08-23 US US17/270,470 patent/US20210402512A1/en active Pending
- 2019-08-23 WO PCT/EP2019/072605 patent/WO2020039079A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2019-08-23 EP EP19769385.6A patent/EP3841412A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2019-08-23 CA CA3114273A patent/CA3114273A1/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20120219249A1 (en) * | 2011-02-24 | 2012-08-30 | Xyratex Technology Limited | Optical printed circuit board, a method of making an optical printed circuit board and an optical waveguide |
| US20120314990A1 (en) * | 2011-06-10 | 2012-12-13 | Xyratex Technology Limited | Optical waveguide and a method of fabricating an optical waveguide |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See also references of WO2020039079A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2020039079A1 (de) | 2020-02-27 |
| US20210402512A1 (en) | 2021-12-30 |
| DE102018120568A1 (de) | 2020-02-27 |
| DE102018120568B4 (de) | 2026-01-08 |
| CA3114273A1 (en) | 2020-02-27 |
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Inventor name: SIEMS, MALTE PER Inventor name: NOLTE, STEFAN Inventor name: RICHTER, DANIEL Inventor name: KRAEMER, RIA Inventor name: GOEBEL, THORSTEN ALBERT Inventor name: HECK, MAXIMILIAN |
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