EP3787836A1 - Device and method for the surface treatment of a material - Google Patents
Device and method for the surface treatment of a materialInfo
- Publication number
- EP3787836A1 EP3787836A1 EP19721291.3A EP19721291A EP3787836A1 EP 3787836 A1 EP3787836 A1 EP 3787836A1 EP 19721291 A EP19721291 A EP 19721291A EP 3787836 A1 EP3787836 A1 EP 3787836A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- jet
- nitrogen
- mixing chamber
- cryogenic nitrogen
- particles
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
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- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 412
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 206
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- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
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- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- -1 TA6V (T-6AI-4V) Chemical compound 0.000 description 2
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
- B24C1/00—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods
- B24C1/003—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods using material which dissolves or changes phase after the treatment, e.g. ice, CO2
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
- B24C5/00—Devices or accessories for generating abrasive blasts
- B24C5/02—Blast guns, e.g. for generating high velocity abrasive fluid jets for cutting materials
- B24C5/04—Nozzles therefor
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device for the superficial treatment of a material by a pressurized jet of liquid nitrogen, supercritical cryogenic nitrogen or supercritical cryogenic nitrogen which can be charged with particles.
- the device comprises a mixing chamber closed by a downstream wall in which an outlet port is formed, and a focusing gun having an inlet opening and an outlet opening and serving as an outlet pipe.
- the barrel inlet opening is adapted to be attached to the mixing chamber so as to be in fluidic contact with the outlet port of the mixing chamber, the pressurized jet of liquid nitrogen, cryogenic nitrogen supercritical or supercritical cryogenic nitrogen to pass through the focusing gun from the inlet opening to the outlet opening.
- the invention also relates to a method for the surface treatment of a material by a jet under pressure of liquid nitrogen, supercritical cryogenic nitrogen or supercritical cryogenic nitrogen which can be charged with particles, in particular by using the device of the invention.
- invention for example for stripping, texturing, cleaning, structuring and surface preparation of a part.
- Sandblasting or shot blasting uses very low pressure (between 5 and 20 bar) compressed air blasting of sand abrasive particles (sandblasting), ceramics (eg corundum) or metal grit (shotblasting) using a tool called " pistol ".
- the abrasives are added to the flow of compressed air in the mixing chamber located in the spray gun using a Venturi effect created by the air velocity.
- the particle-air mixture is then accelerated by the expansion of the air which occurs in a conduit called "nozzle” whose geometric shape varies according to the applications.
- the projection nozzles may have a circular or rectangular cross section and their length is variable. It can reach 300 mm for some applications.
- Sandblasting or shot blasting is used in particular for stripping paint or rust, or to prepare a surface before depositing a coating or paint. It allows the work in dry way and its erosive power is very interesting for deposits with weak force of metallurgical or chemical adhesion, like the paintings or the oxides not diffused in the substrates. It is possible to treat large areas and sand blasting or shot blasting machines can be easily transported to building sites.
- This chemical method is used for pickling organic coatings such as paint, resin, etc. or to remove metal oxides. It makes it possible to treat pieces of complex shapes in acid or solvent baths.
- a third known technique is the stripping technique which consists in projecting onto the material to be treated a cryogenic supercritical dense nitrogen stream under high pressure.
- the principle of this process lies in the high velocity impact (from 500 to 800 m / s) of the jet resulting from the expansion of the nitrogen initially present under high pressure (up to 3800 bars) and low temperature (up to at -180 ° C).
- the device necessary for the implementation of this technique comprises a cylindrical mixing chamber provided with an inlet duct for the particles and an outlet orifice for the particle-laden jet. The chamber is clamped against the inlet opening of a tungsten carbide tube or focusing gun.
- This technique allows the pickling of paints, polymer-based deposits, varnishes or grease, oxides, including oxides with high adhesion to the substrate. It is also used for the preparation of surfaces before the paint deposit.
- the high erosive power of this technique removes deposits with high metallurgical or chemical adhesion, such as paints or oxides in the substrate.
- the machine however, has the disadvantage that the focusing gun is often shuffled randomly. This tendency to clog or clog makes the treatment or stripping system ineffective. It also happens that the inlet pipe of the abrasive particles is clogged by ice formation which results from the reflux in this pipe of a portion of the cryogenic gas instead of flowing fully downstream in the focusing gun. In addition, it is necessary to wait several minutes (about 5 min) before the aspiration of the particles. Indeed, at the beginning of the process, the jet of gas being hot, it occupies the volume of the chamber and prevents the formation of the Venturi necessary for the aspiration of the particles.
- Another disadvantage lies in the fact that most of the abrasive particles are not sucked into the core of the nitrogen jet and so that these particles are not sufficiently accelerated by it: they remain predominantly in a layer of gas non dense which envelops the jet of dense or supercritical gas. This results in a very low performance of the treatment or stripping with a small impact width of the jet on the surface to be treated or stripped.
- the energy of the jet is concentrated in the center of the impact and causes a non-homogeneous treatment or stripping: a first zone of over-treatment or over-stripping with degradation of the substrate material in the axis of the jet and a second peripheral zone of under-treatment or under-stripping, thus of partial treatment or stripping.
- the diameter of the free jet of nitrogen loaded with abrasive particles is small (between 1 and 2 mm), it is close to the diameter of the exit orifice of the focusing gun.
- the firing distance must be increased to between 20 and 200 mm, which leads to the lateral projection of particles and pollution of the workstation. Increasing the firing distance can also reduce jet energy and processing efficiency. This results in poor quality control and low productivity.
- the other problem with this system using the traditional barrel cylindrical outlet pipe lies in increasing the energy density of the jet in its center and causes crushing of the material under the jet. This deformation causes significant mechanical stress on the impacted material and induces residual compression stresses in the upper layer of the treated substrate material. The resulting surface hardening is a problem in some industrial processes of finishing by mechanical machining for example.
- the object of the present invention is to improve the surface treatment technique by jet under pressure of liquid nitrogen, supercritical cryogenic nitrogen or supercritical cryogenic nitrogen which can be charged with particles, and to avoid the disadvantages mentioned. above.
- the focusing gun is a diffusion focusing gun consisting of a hollow tube having three successive parts placed one behind the other, namely a convergent part situated on the side of the inlet opening of the diffusion focusing gun and whose internal face, considered in the direction of flow of the pressurized jet of liquid nitrogen, supercritical cryogenic nitrogen or nitrogen cryogenic hypercritical, is convergent,
- the divergent portion allows the rapid expansion of the jet and an acceleration of the particles contained therein. Thanks to the device of the invention, the pickling or surface treatment speed is multiplied by two or more compared to the method of the state of the art, which reduces the cycle time and the cost of production. In addition, the quality of the stripping or treatment is improved.
- the divergence angle of the diverging portion is adapted as needed so as to more or less increase the width of the impression or impact of the jet on the surface to be treated or stripped.
- the width of the impression or impact of the jet on the surface to be treated or stripped can be multiplied by three or more for the removal of layers hard or chemically diffused in the substrate, such as alpha-case in TA6V titanium alloy, or multiplied by five or more for the removal of non-diffused oxide layers in the substrate, including iron oxide (corrosion).
- the problems of clogging and clogging of the jet as known with the devices of the state of the art, are removed.
- the mechanical device is interchangeable and can be easily mounted on current supercritical cryogenic nitrogen jet machines under pressure.
- the force applied on the surface it is possible to control the force applied on the surface and, depending on the desired requirements, to modulate the impact energy of the jet on the material to be treated to modify or not its surface mechanical properties.
- the jet has a homogeneous structure on its impact surface. For example, it is possible to reduce considerably the crushing of the impacted material, which induces little or no deformation of the impacted surface, and the residual stresses of compression on the surface layer of the treated substrate material are very low or even zero. This result is interesting because the surface hardening is controlled and finishing operations by machining are facilitated. On the contrary, it is also possible to realize for example a hammering the surface to be treated by choosing large diameter particles and / or a high jet speed.
- the divergence angle of the inner face of the diverging portion is defined between the tangent to the surface and the axis of revolution of the diffusion focusing gun. It can be constant over the entire length of the barrel. It can also vary. In this case, the more one deviates from the neck, the more the angle of divergence decreases and the divergence effect is small.
- the divergence is softened to prepare the jet to leave the diffusion focusing gun by forming a conical jet close to a cylinder. This can be done continuously or gradually.
- the divergence of the internal face of the diverging portion is discontinuous between the neck and the exit opening of the diffusion focusing gun.
- the divergence of the inner face of the diverging portion may be constant between the neck and the outlet opening of the diffusion focusing gun so that the inner face of the diverging portion is of frustoconical shape.
- the conical geometry of the internal face is inscribed in a cylinder forming along its entire length the outer face of the diffusion focusing gun.
- the divergence can be continuous without being constant.
- the inner face of the diverging portion may for example be parabolic so that at the exit of the neck, the divergence is maximum and gradually decreases to reach its minimum value at the exit of the barrel.
- the inner face of the diverging portion may be divided into at least two successive sections each of frustoconical shape, the conicity angle of each section, formed between the generatrix of the cone and the axis of revolution, decreasing by more and more from one section to another between the first section adjacent to the pass and the last section adjacent to the output of the broadcast focus gun.
- the sections do not necessarily have the same length.
- the first piece comprises for example the convergent portion, the neck and the upstream portion of the diverging portion while the second piece comprises the downstream portion of the diverging portion.
- the divergence of the upstream part situated in the first part is preferably greater than or equal to the divergence of the downstream part situated in the second part.
- the inner face of each part may be frustoconical or have a non-constant divergence.
- the mixing chamber is constituted by a tubular wall, preferably cylindrical or elliptical, closed on one side by an upstream wall provided with an inlet orifice of the jet and the the other side by the downstream wall provided with the outlet orifice of the jet, the inlet orifice of the jet, the outlet orifice of the jet, the convergent portion, the neck and the diverging portion of the barrel being aligned on one axis; common through the mixing chamber.
- a mixing chamber with all the following characteristics, can be used both with a diffusion focusing gun according to the invention, with a conventional focusing gun.
- the greatest width perpendicular to the axis of the mixing chamber is preferably greater than or equal to the height parallel to the axis of the mixing chamber.
- the large width corresponds to the diameter of the cylinder.
- the mixing chamber is elliptical, it corresponds to the major axis of the ellipse.
- the height of the chamber may be greater than its large width.
- the axis is preferably off-center with respect to the center of the tubular wall. This configuration makes it possible to create a depression in an extreme atmosphere with presence of gas in a duplex form: a cryogenic dense or supercritical jet and a gas flow expanded at the periphery of the dense jet.
- the mixing chamber is similar to a gas jet injection ring and particles. The geometric shape of the injection ring makes it possible to manage the complex dual compression / expansion state caused by the rapid expansion of the nitrogen jet, at the exit of the nozzle, into the volume of the mixing chamber.
- a feed duct for the particles can pass through the tubular wall and open into the mixing chamber through a particle inlet.
- the distance between the particle inlet port and the axis is greater than the distance between the axis and the portion of the tubular wall opposite the particle inlet port.
- the particle feed duct is inclined towards the pressure jet. of the downstream part of the mixing chamber.
- a jet inlet duct passes through the upstream wall and opens into the mixing chamber through the inlet orifice of the jet, the inlet duct of the jet being aligned with the axis of the jet. jet.
- the upstream end of the inlet duct of the jet is provided with a nozzle through which a hole with a cross-section is smaller than the section of the inlet duct of the jet.
- the upstream surface of the nozzle is preferably flat and perpendicular to the axis of the jet.
- the nozzle is disposed at the junction between a conduit, commonly referred to as the collimation tube, which is part of the liquid nitrogen generator, supercritical cryogenic nitrogen or supercritical cryogenic nitrogen under pressure, and the jet inlet duct in such a manner. that the upper face of the nozzle forms a flat bottom with respect to the wall of the collimation tube.
- the assembly of the nozzle with the focusing tube is achieved with a right angle section change. Liquid nitrogen, supercritical cryogenic nitrogen or pressurized hypercritical cryogenic nitrogen must pass through the collimation tube, pass through the nozzle orifice and relax in the mixing chamber before refocusing into the focusing gun diffusion.
- the nozzle with its plane upstream surface and perpendicular to the axis of the jet can also be used in conventional devices, with the without mixing chamber according to the invention, with or without diffusion focusing gun of the invention.
- the invention also relates to the device focusing gun for the surface treatment of a material by a jet under pressure of liquid nitrogen, supercritical cryogenic nitrogen or hypercritical cryogenic nitrogen that can be charged with particles, said gun having a entrance opening and an exit opening.
- the focusing gun is a diffusion focusing gun consisting of a hollow tube having three successive parts placed one behind the other, namely: a convergent part situated on the side of the inlet opening of the diffusion focusing gun and whose internal face, considered in the direction of flow of the pressurized jet of liquid nitrogen, supercritical cryogenic nitrogen or nitrogen cryogenic hypercritical, is convergent,
- This diffusion focusing gun can be used with a mixing chamber. It can however also be used directly on the collimation tube of a generator of liquid nitrogen, supercritical cryogenic nitrogen or supercritical cryogenic nitrogen under pressure if the jet is not charged with particles. In this case, it is preferable to place in the jet stroke a nozzle, for example at the interface between the collimation tube and the diffusion focusing gun.
- the barrel inlet opening may be adapted to be attached to a mixing chamber so as to be in fluidic contact with the outlet port of the mixing chamber or to be attached to the collimation tube of the barrel. generating liquid nitrogen, supercritical cryogenic nitrogen or supercritical cryogenic nitrogen under pressure so as to be in fluidic contact with the outlet of said collimation tube.
- the divergence of the inner face of the diverging portion may be continuous or discontinuous between the neck and the outlet opening of the diffusion focusing gun.
- the divergence of the inner face of the diverging portion may be constant between the neck and the outlet opening of the diffusion focusing gun so that the inner face of the diverging portion is of frustoconical shape.
- the divergence can be continuous without being constant.
- the inner face of the diverging portion may be divided into at least two successive sections each of frustoconical shape, the conicity angle of each section, formed between the generatrix of the cone and the axis of revolution, decreasing by more and more from one section to another between the first section adjacent to the pass and the last section adjacent to the output of the broadcast focus gun. It is possible to divide the diffusion focusing gun into two separate parts that can be assembled together.
- the first piece comprises for example the convergent portion, the neck and the upstream portion of the diverging portion while the second piece comprises the downstream portion of the diverging portion.
- the divergence of the upstream part situated in the first part is preferably greater than or equal to the divergence of the downstream part situated in the second part.
- the inner face of each part may be frustoconical or have a non-constant divergence.
- the object of the invention is also achieved by a method for the surface treatment of a material by a pressurized jet of liquid nitrogen, supercritical cryogenic nitrogen or supercritical cryogenic nitrogen which can be charged with particles.
- the method provides the following steps:
- the diffusion focusing method of the invention can be used. directly, without necessarily passing through a mixing chamber, in particular focusing diffusing a jet under pressure of liquid nitrogen, supercritical cryogenic nitrogen or hypercritical cryogenic nitrogen leaving directly from a liquid nitrogen generator, cryogenic nitrogen supercritical or supercritical cryogenic nitrogen under pressure.
- the jet can be passed through a nozzle before passing it into the convergent section conduit.
- the liquid nitrogen, the supercritical cryogenic nitrogen or the supercritical cryogenic nitrogen, optionally charged with particles in the mixing chamber, is focused and compressed in the convergent portion of the barrel, then it passes through the cylindrical neck in which it is homogenized. and stabilized before being rapidly relaxed and controlled in the diverging portion whose downstream end is the application tool.
- Particles may be introduced into the mixing chamber so that they mix in the mixing chamber with at least a portion of the pressurized stream of liquid nitrogen, supercritical cryogenic nitrogen or supercritical cryogenic nitrogen forming a gas jet / particle mixture.
- the particles are preferably drawn into the mixing chamber by a Venturi effect created by the passage of the pressurized jet of liquid nitrogen, supercritical cryogenic nitrogen or supercritical cryogenic nitrogen in the mixing chamber. They can also be introduced by propulsion.
- the pressurized jet of liquid nitrogen, supercritical cryogenic nitrogen or supercritical cryogenic nitrogen can be injected into the mixing chamber by passing through a nozzle of a calibrated orifice.
- the particles may be spherical or nonspherical; and or
- the particles can be nano-structured; and or
- the particles may be based on glass, ceramic, metal, polymer, wood, biological materials, or composite; and or
- the particles may consist of a single material or at least two different materials;
- the particles may be of a hybrid form, in particular an envelope of a material totally or partially coating a core made of another material.
- the process of the invention can be used for the etching of oxides, metal or ceramic, in particular with high adhesion to the substrate, whether they are diffused in the substrate, such as alpha-case in the TA6V titanium alloy or alumina Al 2 O 3 in aluminum, or not diffused. It can also be used for the treatment or preparation of surfaces before machining or before the deposition of functional layers, such as metallic or non-metallic coatings or else paints or polymers, or for stripping coating, in particular paints , polymeric base deposits, varnishes or greases. It can also be used to modify the surface structure by texturing, to create a particular surface roughness or topography, or for surface screening, including hammering and hardening.
- the method can also be used for creating a surface layer on a substrate, in particular by embedding particles on the substrate. It is possible in particular by introducing metal particles (such as particles of copper, aluminum silver, iron or alloys, such as steel particles) or non-metallic particles (such as particles of polymers, wood or glass, or even biological particles such as antibiotics or pharmaceuticals) in the jet under pressure of liquid nitrogen, supercritical cryogenic nitrogen or supercritical cryogenic nitrogen to mechanically incrust these particles into a metallic or non-metallic substrate (for example a polymeric material, an elastomeric material , of wood or textile material).
- a metallic or non-metallic substrate for example a polymeric material, an elastomeric material , of wood or textile material.
- a particularly interesting application of this encrustation is the metallization of polymeric substrates, composites with polymer matrices, elastomers, wood or textiles that gives them electrical conductivity, thermal, electromagnetic waves and / or a metallic appearance.
- the layer of particles thus created can also serve as a basis for a future deposit, for example by cold spray or other method of deposition of metallic materials.
- Another interesting application is the deposition of antibacterial particles on wood or textile materials giving these substrates antibacterial properties.
- FIG. 1a exploded view of the device of the invention
- Fig. 1b a section of the device of the invention with the barrel of Figure 2a.
- Fig. 2a section of a monobloc diffusion focusing gun with a continuous diverging inner face
- Fig. 2b a cross section of a one-piece diffusion focussing cannon with a discontinuous divergent inner face with two stages
- Fig. 2c a section of a multi-block diffusion focussing cannon with a discontinuous divergent inner face with two stages
- FIG. 3 a perspective view of a mixing chamber according to the invention
- FIG. 3b the mixing chamber of Figure 3a longitudinal sectional view according to the section
- FIG. 3c the mixing chamber of Figure 3a cross-sectional view according to the section
- the invention relates to a device and a method for the surface treatment of a material by a pressurized jet of liquid nitrogen, supercritical cryogenic nitrogen or supercritical cryogenic nitrogen.
- the jet under pressure liquid nitrogen, supercritical cryogenic nitrogen or supercritical cryogenic nitrogen may be charged with particles.
- the following description is made with the example of a use of a jet of liquid nitrogen, supercritical cryogenic nitrogen or hypercritical cryogenic nitrogen loaded particles. This example has no limiting effect.
- FIGS. 1a and 1b essentially consists of the following parts:
- the mixing chamber (10) is connected to a generator of liquid nitrogen, supercritical cryogenic nitrogen or supercritical cryogenic nitrogen under pressure through a collimation tube (30).
- a particle feed tube (40) is connected to the mixing chamber (10). ).
- FIG. 3a, 3b and 3c show the mixing chamber (10) of tubular form.
- this chamber is cylindrical. It consists of a tubular wall (1 1) whose inner axial face is cylindrical. The tubular wall is closed at its upstream and downstream ends by an upstream wall (12) and a downstream wall (13) respectively, preferably radial.
- An inlet duct of the jet (14) passes right through the upstream wall (12).
- the jet inlet duct (14) opens into the mixing chamber through a chamber inlet port (141).
- the collimator tube (30) is sealingly attached perpendicular to the upper planar surface of the nozzle (60) received in a housing (142) provided at the outer end of the jet inlet duct (14).
- An outlet duct of the jet (15) passes right through the downstream wall (13). It opens into the mixing chamber through a chamber outlet (151) of diameter (d1) smaller than the diameter (d2) of the jet outlet duct (15).
- the outlet duct of the jet (15) serves as a guide and housing for the diffusion focusing gun (20).
- the attachment tip (17) serves to secure the diffusion focusing gun (20) to the mixing chamber (10) through the clamping nut (50).
- the jet outlet duct (15) and the duct (171) of the attachment piece (17) together form a barrel duct (15, 171).
- the outer face of the upstream end of the diffusion focusing gun (20) penetrates into the ducts (15, 171) and abuts against the wall surrounding the outlet opening (151).
- the inlet duct of the jet (14) and the outlet duct of the jet (15) are preferably cylindrical. They are aligned, as are the chamber (141) and chamber (151) inlet ports, the collimator tube (30) and the conduit (171) of the attachment end (17), on a same axis (A) which passes through the mixing chamber.
- the axis (A) corresponds to the path of the jet of liquid nitrogen, supercritical cryogenic nitrogen or supercritical cryogenic nitrogen.
- the axial inner face of the tubular wall (1 1) is preferably parallel to the axis (A).
- the cylindrical wall (11) is traversed right through by a particle feed duct (16) for introducing the solid particles into the nitrogen jet.
- the particle feed duct (16) is preferably inclined, relative to the plane perpendicular to the axis (A), towards the downstream part of the mixing chamber.
- the abrasive particles are sucked into the mixing chamber for example by Venturi effect due to the flow of nitrogen passing through the mixing chamber (10), which causes the entry of a flow of air into the chamber. through the conduit (16).
- the particles can also be pushed inside the mixing chamber by an air injection system.
- the nozzle (60) is placed at the inlet (142) of the jet inlet duct (14). It is pierced with a calibrated orifice (61). It is arranged at the junction between the collimation tube (30) and the inlet duct of the jet (14). Its upstream face is flat and perpendicular to the axis (A) of the collimation tube (30), so that the upstream face of the nozzle and the downstream end of the tube of collimation form a flat bottom.
- the mixing chamber is screwed tight against the collimation tube (30).
- the mixing chamber (10) which acts as an injection ring, has a particular geometry designed to create a sufficient vacuum in extreme atmosphere with the presence of relaxed peripheral gas surrounding the jet of liquid nitrogen, d supercritical cryogenic nitrogen or dense hypercritical cryogenic nitrogen exiting the nozzle (60).
- the geometrical shape of the mixing chamber (10) must be able to optimally manage the complex dual state formed on the one hand by the expanded peripheral gas and on the other hand by the dense gas jet under pressure in the volume inside the mixing chamber.
- This mixing chamber (10) is characterized by its diameter (D) and height (H). The diameter is measured perpendicular to the axis (A) while the height is measured parallel to the axis (A).
- the particle supply duct (16) opens into the mixing chamber at a point where the cylindrical wall (1 1) is furthest from the axis (A), namely at a distance (D1). Where the cylindrical wall (11) is closest to the axis (A), in contrast to the particle feed duct (16), it is at a distance (D2) from the axis (A).
- the diameter (D) is therefore equal to the sum of these two distances (D1, D2).
- the diameter (D) is preferably equal to or greater than the height (H), but the diameter (D) can also in some cases be less than the height (H).
- the chamber is also characterized by the diameter (d1) of its outlet opening (151).
- the mixture obtained under the conditions of the invention follows a progressive process towards the jet axis downstream while maintaining the thermomechanical properties of the jet.
- This effect is amplified, because favored by the inclination of the particle supply duct (16) towards the downstream part of the jet and the mixing chamber, the particles coming into contact with the nitrogen jet at an angle oriented bearing that converges downstream of the chamber.
- the eccentric position of the axis (A) of the jet with respect to the inlet orifice of the particles (161) also avoids the problem of ice formation in the particle feed line.
- the orifice (61) of the nozzle (60) serves to accelerate the jet under pressure of liquid nitrogen, supercritical cryogenic nitrogen or supercritical cryogenic nitrogen before entering the mixing chamber.
- the upstream faces of the nozzles of the state of the art are conical narrowing in the direction of flow of the gas to end the orifice.
- the upstream face of the nozzle forms a flat surface perpendicular to the axis (A) of the gas jet.
- it is disposed as close as possible to the cylindrical inner wall of the collimation tube (30).
- the upstream surface of the nozzle should be in direct extension of the cylindrical portion of the collimation tube.
- the diffusion focusing gun (20) is designed to play two roles: first, to guarantee the mechanical equilibrium in the mixing chamber (10) by creating inside it a constant and sufficient vacuum, and on the other hand forming a nitrogen jet charged with energy density particles homogeneously distributed at the output of the diffusion focusing gun (20).
- the barrel (20) consists of a hollow tube having, placed one behind the other in the direction of circulation of the jet of nitrogen, three successive parts, namely a convergent portion (21), a neck ( 22) and a diverging portion (23). In the convergent part, the jet of gas and particles is focused and partially re-compressed. The expanded nitrogen envelope with the particles it contains surrounding the supercritical stream is compressed and directed towards the neck.
- the jet then passes into the neck (22) of cylindrical shape in which the particles penetrate into the core of the jet under pressure of liquid nitrogen, supercritical cryogenic nitrogen or supercritical cryogenic nitrogen to obtain a gas / particle mixture optimal and improve the momentum transfer of the jet of gas to the downstream particles, which effectively accelerates the particles.
- the stream thus homogenized and stabilized is then rapidly expanded in a controlled manner in the diverging portion of diffusion (23) of particular volume and shape to obtain maximum particle acceleration and their distribution homogeneously and ideally in the jet.
- FIGS. 2 show three embodiments of the diffusion focusing gun.
- the convergent portion (21) is located in the upstream section of the diffusion focusing gun. Considered in the flow direction of the gas, its internal face is convergent. This convergent portion makes it possible to properly direct the dense gas as well as the peripheral gas and the particles surrounding the supercritical jet to the neck (22), and thus to promote the depression in the mixing chamber (10). It also allows to focus the jet.
- the convergent portion (21) is preferably of frustoconical shape.
- the convergent portion (21) continues with a neck (22) whose internal face is cylindrical.
- This collar serves to stabilize the nitrogen jet, to promote the penetration of the particles in the nitrogen jet, and to homogenize the kinetic energy density of the two-phase jet of gas charged with particles. It makes it possible to obtain an optimal gas / particle mixture and to promote the transfer of momentum from the jet of gas to the particles downstream, which makes it possible to accelerate the particles efficiently.
- the diameter and the length of the neck are critical parameters: on the one hand the diameter of the neck (22) acts directly on the depression obtained in the mixing chamber (10) and thus determines the mechanical balance of the gas mixture, particles, jet of nitrogen, on the other hand the length of the neck (22) acts on both the physics of the jet and its thermomechanical energy at the entrance to the diverging portion of the barrel.
- the cylindrical neck (22) continues with the diverging portion (23) located in the downstream section of the diffusion focusing gun. Considered in the flow direction of the gas, its internal face is divergent. This is the terminal part of the diffusion focusing gun. It defines and determines the physical envelope of the diffusion of the jet and accompanies its expansion so as to obtain a maximum energy density distributed homogeneously in the radial direction.
- the particle-laden gas jet has a circular geometry of maximum diameter and homogeneous thermomechanical energy density.
- the inner face of the diverging portion has a frustoconical shape.
- the diameter of the diverging portion (23) can decrease in a continuous and constant manner, thus giving this divergent portion a frustoconical shape. It would be possible to have a divergent part that is continuous but variable, for example by conferring a parabolic form on the inner face of the diverging part.
- a diffusion focusing gun may have the following dimensions:
- the diverging portion (23) into at least two successive sections of decreasing divergence (23a, 23b).
- the divergence of each section can be constant, ie. that the inner face of the section is frustoconical, or variable.
- the angle of conicity defined between the generatrix of the cone and the axis of revolution decreases more and more from one section to the other between the first section (23a) located immediately after the pass ( 22) and the last section (23b) located on the side of the downstream outlet of the barrel.
- the diverging portion is divided into two frustoconical portions (23a, 23b). The sections do not necessarily have the same length.
- the diffusion focusing gun (20) consists of two separate parts (20a, 20b) assembled together, preferably so as to be separated.
- the first piece (20a) has the convergent portion (21), the neck (22) and the upstream portion (23a) of the diverging portion (23).
- the second piece (20b) is fixed on the first (20a), for example fitted, by a fastening section (23c) which surrounds at least the free end of the upstream portion (23a).
- the diameter of the downstream end of the upstream portion (23a) is identical to the upstream diameter of the downstream portion (23b).
- the conicity of the downstream portion (23b) may be identical to that of the upstream portion (23a), but it is preferably lower, so as to form a barrel similar to that of the example of Figure 2b.
- This The two-piece solution (20a, 20b) is intended to facilitate the manufacture of the diffusion focusing gun and to make it possible to adapt the conicity according to the needs of each application.
- the diffusion focusing gun can also be used with a pressurized jet of liquid nitrogen, supercritical cryogenic nitrogen or hypercritical cryogenic nitrogen without the addition of particles.
- the mixing chamber does not need to have a particle feed duct. It is also not necessary for the axis (A) of the jet to be eccentric with respect to the tubular chamber (1 1).
- Another solution is to completely give up the mixing chamber (10) and fix the diffusion focusing gun (20) directly to the outlet of the collimation tube (30) preferably with the interposition of a nozzle (60).
- the mixing chamber (10) is cylindrical. It would be possible to avoid dead spaces to give its cross section (perpendicular to the axis (A) of the jet) a more elongated shape, for example an elliptical shape, or rectangular with small rounded sides.
- the particles that are not sucked into the jet fall on the tubular wall (11) of the chamber and may accumulate.
- the particles are forced to return either to the jet (if they accumulate in the part D2) or to the stream of particles sucked up (if they accumulate in the part D1) .
- the particle feed duct opens into one of the two ends of the elongated shape and the axis (A) of the jet is shifted towards the other elongated end.
- particles of spherical or nonspherical or nano-structured form may be used, which may be based on glass or ceramic , metal, polymer or composite.
- the particles may consist of a single material or at least two different materials.
- the particles may be of a hybrid form, for example an envelope of a material totally or partially coating a core made of another material.
- the mixing chamber (10) is preferably made of stainless steel, for example 316L stainless steel.
- the diffusion focusing gun (20) is preferably made of carbide, in particular tungsten carbide.
- the nozzle (60) is generally made of diamond, sapphire, tungsten carbide.
- the nozzle (60) could be placed in the collimator tube (30), preferably at its downstream end, rather than in the inlet conduit for liquid nitrogen, supercritical cryogenic nitrogen or cryogenic nitrogen. hypercritical (14).
- the diameter and the length of the neck (22) are important parameters. They are chosen according to the type of application and the energy of the desired jet.
- the diameter of the neck (22) also takes into account, where appropriate, the size of the particles used. Depending on the requirements, the particle size may vary from 1 to 1000 ⁇ m for pickling or to create roughness or surface topography, or texturing, or up to 3 mm or more for hammering or grinding. hardening.
- the neck diameter can be chosen between 1 and 3 mm with or without particles.
- the neck diameter must be larger (up to 5 mm or more).
- the length of the neck has an effect on the speed of the particles, therefore on the kinetic energy of the jet. To a certain length, the longer the collar, the better the energy. For example, lengths between 2 and 50 mm have given good results.
- the two-piece gun model see Fig. 2c is preferred. In this case, the first piece (20a) may have only the converging portion (21) and the neck (22), while the second piece (20b) may have all the diverging portion (23).
- the device of the invention and in particular the mixing chamber, can be used vertically as in Figure 3b, horizontally or more generally in any spatial orientation.
- the etching or surface treatment rate is multiplied by a factor greater than two, the treated surface is homogeneous and greater compared to the prior art process which reduces the time cycle and the cost of production.
- the performance of the process makes it possible to remove the layers of materials from the softest to the hardest, such as oxide layers that are chemically diffused in substrates such as the alpha-case of titanium and its alloys or alumina.
- Tubular wall preferably cylindrical or elliptical 12 upstream wall
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Abstract
Description
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FR1853853A FR3080791B1 (en) | 2018-05-04 | 2018-05-04 | DEVICE AND METHOD FOR THE SURFACE TREATMENT OF A MATERIAL |
PCT/EP2019/061437 WO2019211462A1 (en) | 2018-05-04 | 2019-05-03 | Device and method for the surface treatment of a material |
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EP3787836A1 true EP3787836A1 (en) | 2021-03-10 |
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EP19721291.3A Pending EP3787836A1 (en) | 2018-05-04 | 2019-05-03 | Device and method for the surface treatment of a material |
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US (1) | US11559872B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3787836A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP7412416B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA3097619C (en) |
FR (1) | FR3080791B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2019211462A1 (en) |
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US20200282517A1 (en) * | 2018-12-11 | 2020-09-10 | Oceanit Laboratories, Inc. | Method and design for productive quiet abrasive blasting nozzles |
AU2021318604A1 (en) * | 2020-07-29 | 2023-03-02 | Blastone Technology Pty Ltd | An improved blast nozzle |
CN114457221B (en) * | 2021-12-27 | 2023-11-24 | 华东理工大学 | Lateral jetting device for strengthening water jet at space limited part |
FR3136246B1 (en) | 2022-06-07 | 2024-05-10 | Critt Techniques Jet Fluide Et Usinage | Process for making a textile material hairy and rough |
Family Cites Families (13)
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JPS63156661A (en) | 1986-12-18 | 1988-06-29 | Fujitsu Ltd | Wafer polishing device |
US5733174A (en) * | 1994-01-07 | 1998-03-31 | Lockheed Idaho Technologies Company | Method and apparatus for cutting, abrading, and drilling with sublimable particles and vaporous liquids |
US5509849A (en) * | 1994-04-18 | 1996-04-23 | Church & Dwight Co., Inc. | Blast nozzle for water injection and method of using same for blast cleaning solid surfaces |
ES2260691T3 (en) * | 2002-09-20 | 2006-11-01 | Jens-Werner Kipp | CLEANING PROCEDURE AND DEVICE BY PROJECTION. |
DE20315998U1 (en) * | 2003-10-17 | 2003-12-11 | Szücs, Johann | Device for generating a rotating fluid jet |
US20060275554A1 (en) * | 2004-08-23 | 2006-12-07 | Zhibo Zhao | High performance kinetic spray nozzle |
US7316363B2 (en) | 2004-09-03 | 2008-01-08 | Nitrocision Llc | System and method for delivering cryogenic fluid |
US7310955B2 (en) * | 2004-09-03 | 2007-12-25 | Nitrocision Llc | System and method for delivering cryogenic fluid |
DE102005005638B3 (en) * | 2005-02-05 | 2006-02-09 | Cryosnow Gmbh | Method for cleaning, activating or treating workpieces using carbon dioxide snow streams comprises adding a carbon dioxide mixture via a nozzle opening of a mixing chamber into which a central gas stream and further processing |
FR2947748B1 (en) * | 2009-07-09 | 2015-04-17 | Air Liquide | CUTTING OF CRYOGENIC GAS JET WITH ADDITIONAL ADDITION OF ABRASIVE PARTICLES |
JP5364029B2 (en) | 2010-04-13 | 2013-12-11 | 株式会社カワタ | Nozzle device |
FR2977183B1 (en) * | 2011-06-29 | 2014-09-19 | Air Liquide | DEVICE FOR PROJECTING DRY ICE, IN PARTICULAR CARBON ICE |
CH711659B1 (en) * | 2015-10-19 | 2019-09-13 | Swatch Group Res & Dev Ltd | Waterjet cutting head by high pressure. |
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2018
- 2018-05-04 FR FR1853853A patent/FR3080791B1/en active Active
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2019
- 2019-05-03 US US17/052,620 patent/US11559872B2/en active Active
- 2019-05-03 EP EP19721291.3A patent/EP3787836A1/en active Pending
- 2019-05-03 WO PCT/EP2019/061437 patent/WO2019211462A1/en active Application Filing
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CA3097619A1 (en) | 2019-11-07 |
CA3097619C (en) | 2024-01-30 |
US20210178552A1 (en) | 2021-06-17 |
FR3080791A1 (en) | 2019-11-08 |
FR3080791B1 (en) | 2021-06-04 |
JP7412416B2 (en) | 2024-01-12 |
JP2021522081A (en) | 2021-08-30 |
US11559872B2 (en) | 2023-01-24 |
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