EP3745039A1 - Smoke extraction installation - Google Patents

Smoke extraction installation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3745039A1
EP3745039A1 EP20170274.3A EP20170274A EP3745039A1 EP 3745039 A1 EP3745039 A1 EP 3745039A1 EP 20170274 A EP20170274 A EP 20170274A EP 3745039 A1 EP3745039 A1 EP 3745039A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
air
extraction
insufflation
air extraction
damper
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP20170274.3A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3745039B1 (en
Inventor
Serge Buseyne
Damien Labaume
Laurent Loos
Nathanel ROTTOLI
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Aldes Aeraulique SA
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Aldes Aeraulique SA
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Publication date
Application filed by Aldes Aeraulique SA filed Critical Aldes Aeraulique SA
Publication of EP3745039A1 publication Critical patent/EP3745039A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3745039B1 publication Critical patent/EP3745039B1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
    • F24F13/08—Air-flow control members, e.g. louvres, grilles, flaps or guide plates
    • F24F13/082—Grilles, registers or guards
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/30—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
    • F24F11/32—Responding to malfunctions or emergencies
    • F24F11/33—Responding to malfunctions or emergencies to fire, excessive heat or smoke
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
    • F24F13/02—Ducting arrangements
    • F24F13/06—Outlets for directing or distributing air into rooms or spaces, e.g. ceiling air diffuser
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
    • F24F13/08—Air-flow control members, e.g. louvres, grilles, flaps or guide plates
    • F24F13/082—Grilles, registers or guards
    • F24F13/084—Grilles, registers or guards with mounting arrangements, e.g. snap fasteners for mounting to the wall or duct
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F7/00—Ventilation
    • F24F7/04—Ventilation with ducting systems, e.g. by double walls; with natural circulation
    • F24F7/06—Ventilation with ducting systems, e.g. by double walls; with natural circulation with forced air circulation, e.g. by fan positioning of a ventilator in or against a conduit

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an air extraction / insufflation damper constituting a smoke extraction installation, the air extraction / insufflation damper comprising a frame provided with a grille comprising at least one upright.
  • the present invention also relates to a smoke extraction installation comprising an air extraction / insufflation duct equipped with a plurality of such air extraction / insufflation dampers arranged at a respective distance from a fan d. air extraction / insufflation.
  • the present invention also relates to a method for balancing the air pressure drop of such a smoke extraction installation.
  • Smoke extraction from buildings is important for various reasons, it limits the spread of the fire, facilitates access to the building for firefighters, and allows easier and faster evacuation of people inside the building as soon as a fire is detected. the presence of fumes. It should be noted that in the event of a fire in a building, smoke is responsible for 80% of deaths.
  • the smoke extraction system extracts some of the smoke and combustion gases outside the building to limit the spread of the fire.
  • the smoke extraction installation also makes it possible to make pathways used for the evacuation of people and the intervention of emergency services practicable.
  • the smoke extraction installation generally concerns stairs, corridors or premises accessible to the public.
  • the smoke extraction installation comprises an air supply device comprising one or more air supply flaps arranged on the front or on an air supply duct.
  • the air supply duct is either connected directly to the outside, in the case of a natural air supply, or connected to an air insufflation fan, in the case of a mechanical air supply. 'air.
  • the air supply dampers must be precisely dimensioned so as not to disturb the air extraction flow rates and smoke stratification.
  • the smoke extraction installation also comprises an air extraction device comprising air extraction ducts provided with one or more air extraction flaps.
  • Each air extraction duct is connected to an air extraction fan having fire resistance characteristics.
  • the exhaust air fan must be selected taking into account the aeraulic pressure drops in the exhaust air duct.
  • a general problem posed in the field lies in a need to correctly size the various components of the smoke extraction installation, such as air extraction dampers for example, in particular to meet the requirements of the regulations in force relating to dimensions. smoke clearance spaces, such as aisle widths or the like, and dimensions of the ducts on which the components are installed.
  • Air extraction dampers are commonly identical to each other and installed on a single air extraction duct. In this case, only the air extraction shutters located in a fire zone must be open, the other air extraction shutters, located in an area not affected by the fire, must be closed, in particular for ensure fire-rated continuity of the air extraction ducts.
  • the present invention improves the situation, by proposing a system for balancing an air flow from an air extraction / insufflation damper constituting a smoke extraction installation, the balancing system allowing to obtain a desired air flow for each of the air extraction / insufflation dampers that the smoke extraction installation comprises, such a balancing system optimizing operation of the smoke extraction installation and reception of the smoke extraction installation with a view to certification.
  • the present invention provides an air extraction / insufflation damper constituting a smoke extraction installation.
  • the air extraction / insufflation flap comprises a frame delimiting at least a first window provided with a grid comprising fins.
  • the air extraction / insufflation flap comprises at least one profile for closing off the first window arranged between two fins to generate a determined pressure drop in order to obtain a chosen air flow rate. going through the first window.
  • the present invention also relates to a smoke extraction installation comprising an air extraction / insufflation duct equipped with a plurality of such air extraction / insufflation flaps arranged at a respective distance of one. exhaust / supply air fan.
  • a subject of the present invention is also a method for balancing the air pressure drop of such a smoke extraction installation, the method consisting in equipping a first air extraction / insufflation damper placed at a first distance from the fan. air extraction / blowing in a first number of shutter profiles which is greater than or equal to a second number of shutter profiles fitted to a second air extraction / insufflation flap arranged at a second distance from the exhaust / supply air fan that is greater than the first distance.
  • a building in particular a building receiving people, such as a building for residential use, a tertiary room or a room receiving the public such as schools, offices, care centers or retirement homes, is equipped with a smoke extraction system 2 designed to evacuate smoke generated during a fire affecting building 1.
  • the smoke extraction installation 2 is intended to extract part of the smoke and combustion gases outside the building 1 to limit the spread of the fire.
  • the smoke extraction installation 2 also makes it possible to make pathways practicable inside the building 1 which are used for the evacuation of people from the building 1 and the intervention of emergency services inside the building 1.
  • the smoke extraction installation 2 comprises an air extraction / insufflation device 3 comprising one or more air extraction / insufflation dampers 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d arranged on an extraction duct / air blowing 5.
  • the smoke extraction installation 2 preferably comprises a plurality of air extraction / blowing dampers 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d which respectively equip separate rooms of the building 1 and / or different floors of building 1.
  • Each air extraction / insufflation damper 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d is arranged on a mouth 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d formed through the extraction / insufflation duct d 'air 5 and through which the fumes can circulate or through which air can be blown.
  • the air extraction / insufflation duct 5 is connected to an air extraction / insufflation fan 7 having fire resistance characteristics.
  • the air extraction / insufflation fan 7 is for example placed outside the building 1, in particular on a roof of the latter.
  • Each air extraction / insufflation flap 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d is arranged on the air extraction / insufflation duct 5 at a distance D1, D2, D3, D4 measured between the fan d 'air extraction / insufflation 7 and the mouth 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d equipped with said air extraction / insufflation flap 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d.
  • the distance D1, D2, D3, D4 is for example measured between a center of symmetry of the mouth 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d and an air intake of the air extraction / insufflation fan 7.
  • the The smoke extraction installation 2 comprises for example a first air extraction / insufflation flap 4a arranged at a first distance D1 from the extraction / air insufflation fan 7, a second extraction flap / d air blowing 4b arranged at a second distance D2 from the exhaust fan / air blowing 7, a third air extraction / blowing flap 4c arranged at a third distance D3 from the air blower air extraction / insufflation 7 and a fourth air extraction / insufflation flap 4a arranged at a fourth distance D4 from the exhaust air / insufflation fan 7.
  • the first distance D1 is less at the second distance D2, which is less than the third distance D3, which is itself less than the fourth distance D4.
  • the air extraction / insufflation flap 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d is illustrated inside an orthonormal Oxyz mark linked to the air extraction / insufflation flap 4a, 4b, 4c , 4d and comprising a longitudinal axis Ox, a transverse axis Oy and a lateral axis Oz.
  • the air extraction / insufflation flap 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d comprises a frame 8 which is shaped as a quadrilateral comprising two longitudinal edges 81 formed inside a respective plane parallel to the Oxy plane and two side edges 82 formed inside a respective plane parallel to the Oyz plane.
  • the frame 8 defines a first window 83 and a second window 84 formed within a respective plane which is parallel to the Oxz plane.
  • the first window 83 is equipped with a grid 10 which comprises at least one upright 11 which extends between the longitudinal edges 81 and parallel to the lateral edges 82.
  • the grid 10 comprises two uprights 11.
  • the uprights 11 connect to each other.
  • fins 12 which extend parallel to the longitudinal axis Ox.
  • the fins 12 are equidistant from each other along the uprights 11.
  • the fins 12 are preferably inclined at a non-zero angle with respect to a plane parallel to the Oxz plane.
  • the grille 10 has in particular an aesthetic aim and makes it possible to hide from view an interior volume of the frame 8 and the opening 9.
  • the second window 84 is intended to be affixed against the mouth 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d of the air extraction / insufflation duct 5.
  • the second window 84 is equipped with an opening 9 which is movable between a first position in which the opening 9 closes the second window 84 and a second position in which the opening 9 allows the smoke to pass from the extraction / insufflation damper 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d to the extraction duct / air insufflation 5 via the mouth 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d and an air passage from the extraction duct / air insufflation 5 to the extraction flap / insufflation 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d.
  • the grid 10 is equipped with at least one closing profile 13 which is intended to partially obstruct the first window 83.
  • the profile shutter 13 is intended to increase a pressure drop at the air extraction / blowing flap 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d that the shutter profile 13 equips.
  • the shutter profile 13 comprises a blade 14 and at least one fixing member 24 of the blade 14 on one of the uprights 11 of the grid 10. More precisely, the shutter profile 13 comprises as many fixing member 24 that the grid 10 comprises uprights 11. According to the example illustrated, the closure profile 13 comprises a pair of fasteners 24.
  • the blade 14 extends mainly along an axis of elongation A1 parallel to the longitudinal axis Ox, when the shutter profile 13 is mounted on the grid 10 of the air extraction / blowing flap 4a, 4b , 4c, 4d.
  • the sealing profile 13 comprises a first face 15 which is flat and which is formed in a plane parallel to the Oxz plane.
  • the first face 15 extends between two longitudinal flanges 16 which are parallel to the axis of elongation A1 and two lateral flanges 17 which are formed in respective planes orthogonal to the axis of elongation A1.
  • the closure profile 13 comprises a second face 18, opposite the first face 15, which is for example convex.
  • the closure profile 13 is for example produced by extrusion of a plastic / aluminum or other material.
  • the blade 14 has a groove 19 which extends parallel to the axis of elongation A1 between the lateral flanges 17, the groove 19 opening through the latter.
  • the groove 19 is arranged in a "T" and comprises a foot 20 which is formed inside a plane parallel to the Oxz plane and an arm 21 which is formed inside a plane parallel to the Oxy plane.
  • the groove 19 also opens out through the first face 15 via the arm 21.
  • the foot 20 extends between two lateral ends of the foot 22 which are spaced apart by a first length L1 taken parallel to the axis Oz between the lateral ends of the foot 22.
  • the foot 20 extends between two transverse ends of the foot 23 which are spaced apart by a first thickness E1 taken parallel to the axis Oy between the transverse ends of the foot 23.
  • the arm 21 is connected to the foot 20 via a first connection point 24 which is located at an equal distance from the lateral ends of the foot 22.
  • the arm 21 has a first width X1 taken parallel to the axis Oz between two lateral ends of the arm 25.
  • the fixing member 26 comprises a base 27 which is of identical conformation to the foot 20 of the groove 19.
  • the base 27 extends between two lateral ends of the base 28 which are spaced apart by a second length L2 taken parallel to the 'axis Oz between the lateral ends of base 28.
  • the base 27 extends between two transverse ends of base 29 which are spaced apart by a second thickness E2 taken parallel to the axis Oy between the transverse ends of base 29.
  • the base 27 is provided with a stud 30 which is connected to the base 27 by means of a second connection point 31 located at an equal distance from the lateral ends of the base 28.
  • the stud 30 has a second width X2 taken parallel to the Oz axis between two lateral ends of stud 32.
  • the first length L1 is equal to the second length L2
  • the first thickness E1 is equal to the second thickness E2
  • the first width X1 is equal to the second width X2.
  • the stud 30 is equipped with a clip 33 which comprises two jaws 34 symmetrical to one another.
  • the jaws 34 leave between them an opening 35 which gives access to an internal space 36 capable of receiving one of the uprights 11 of the grid 10.
  • the clip 33 is capable of being fitted with a system for closing the opening 35.
  • the fixing members 26 are for example obtained by molding a plastic material, a thickness of the jaws 34 being adapted according to the plastic material used, so as to allow passage of the upright 11 through the opening 35 from elastic deformation of the jaws 34.
  • the clips 33 can also be made of steel, stainless steel or any other fire-resistant material.
  • a number N of shutter profile 13 fitted to each of the air extraction / blowing flaps 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d of the smoke extraction installation 2 is a decreasing function by a distance D at which is placed each air extraction / insufflation damper 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d on the air extraction / insufflation duct 5.
  • the first air extraction / insufflation flap 4a arranged at the first distance D1 of the air extraction fan 7 is provided with a greater or equal number of profiles d '' shutter 13 that the second air extraction / insufflation flap 4b placed at the second distance D2 from the exhaust / air insufflation fan 7, to avoid an over-flow of air and / or of smoke at the first air extraction / insufflation damper 4a.
  • the number N of shutter profiles can be determined without distinction by calculation using software or tables.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Air-Flow Control Members (AREA)
  • Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
  • Ventilation (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention a pour objet un volet d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d) constitutif d'une installation de désenfumage. Le volet d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d) comprend un cadre (8) délimitant au moins une première fenêtre (83) pourvue d'une grille (10) comportant des ailettes (12). Le volet d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d) comprend au moins un profilé d'obturation (13) de la première fenêtre (83) disposé entre deux ailettes (12) pour générer une perte de charge déterminée afin d'obtenir un débit d'air choisi traversant la première fenêtre (83).The present invention relates to an air extraction / insufflation damper (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d) constituting a smoke extraction installation. The air extraction / insufflation flap (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d) comprises a frame (8) delimiting at least a first window (83) provided with a grid (10) comprising fins (12) . The air extraction / insufflation flap (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d) comprises at least one sealing profile (13) of the first window (83) arranged between two fins (12) to generate a loss load determined in order to obtain a selected air flow through the first window (83).

Description

Domaine technique de l'inventionTechnical field of the invention

La présente invention concerne un volet d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air constitutif d'une installation de désenfumage, le volet d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air comprenant un cadre pourvu d'une grille comportant au moins un montant. La présente invention concerne aussi une installation de désenfumage comprenant un conduit d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air équipé d'une pluralité de tels volets d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air disposés à une distance respective d'un ventilateur d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air. La présente invention concerne aussi un procédé d'équilibrage en perte de charge aéraulique d'une telle installation de désenfumage.The present invention relates to an air extraction / insufflation damper constituting a smoke extraction installation, the air extraction / insufflation damper comprising a frame provided with a grille comprising at least one upright. The present invention also relates to a smoke extraction installation comprising an air extraction / insufflation duct equipped with a plurality of such air extraction / insufflation dampers arranged at a respective distance from a fan d. air extraction / insufflation. The present invention also relates to a method for balancing the air pressure drop of such a smoke extraction installation.

Art antérieurPrior art

Les bâtiments recevant des personnes, en particulier les bâtiments à usage d'habitation, les locaux tertiaires ou les locaux recevant du public comme les écoles, les bureaux, les centres de soins ou les maisons de retraite, doivent être équipés d'une installation de désenfumage évacuant des fumées hors du bâtiment en cas d'incendie.Buildings receiving people, in particular buildings for residential use, tertiary premises or premises open to the public such as schools, offices, health centers or retirement homes, must be equipped with a smoke extraction evacuating smoke from the building in the event of a fire.

Le désenfumage des bâtiments est important pour différentes raisons, il limite la propagation de l'incendie, facilite l'accès du bâtiment aux pompiers, et permet une évacuation plus facile et plus rapide des personnes présentes à l'intérieur du bâtiment dès la détection de la présence de fumées. On notera qu'en cas d'incendie dans un bâtiment, les fumées sont responsables de 80% des décès.Smoke extraction from buildings is important for various reasons, it limits the spread of the fire, facilitates access to the building for firefighters, and allows easier and faster evacuation of people inside the building as soon as a fire is detected. the presence of fumes. It should be noted that in the event of a fire in a building, smoke is responsible for 80% of deaths.

L'installation de désenfumage permet d'extraire une partie des fumées et des gaz de combustion à l'extérieur du bâtiment pour limiter la propagation de l'incendie. L'installation de désenfumage permet aussi de rendre praticables des cheminements utilisés pour l'évacuation des personnes et l'intervention des secours. L'installation de désenfumage concerne généralement des escaliers, des couloirs ou des locaux accessibles au public.The smoke extraction system extracts some of the smoke and combustion gases outside the building to limit the spread of the fire. The smoke extraction installation also makes it possible to make pathways used for the evacuation of people and the intervention of emergency services practicable. The smoke extraction installation generally concerns stairs, corridors or premises accessible to the public.

L'installation de désenfumage comprend un dispositif d'amenée d'air comportant un ou plusieurs volets d'amenée d'air disposés en façade ou sur un conduit d'amenée d'air. Le conduit d'amenée d'air est soit relié directement à l'extérieur, dans le cas d'une amenée naturelle d'air, soit relié à un ventilateur d'insufflation d'air, dans le cas d'une insufflation mécanique d'air. Les volets d'amenée d'air doivent être dimensionnés précisément pour ne pas perturber des débits d'extraction d'air et une stratification des fumées.The smoke extraction installation comprises an air supply device comprising one or more air supply flaps arranged on the front or on an air supply duct. The air supply duct is either connected directly to the outside, in the case of a natural air supply, or connected to an air insufflation fan, in the case of a mechanical air supply. 'air. The air supply dampers must be precisely dimensioned so as not to disturb the air extraction flow rates and smoke stratification.

L'installation de désenfumage comprend aussi un dispositif d'extraction d'air comportant des conduits d'extraction d'air pourvu d'un ou plusieurs volets d'extraction d'air. Chaque conduit d'extraction d'air est relié à un ventilateur d'extraction d'air ayant des caractéristiques de tenue au feu. Le ventilateur d'extraction d'air doit être sélectionné en tenant compte des pertes de charge aérauliques du conduit d'extraction d'air.The smoke extraction installation also comprises an air extraction device comprising air extraction ducts provided with one or more air extraction flaps. Each air extraction duct is connected to an air extraction fan having fire resistance characteristics. The exhaust air fan must be selected taking into account the aeraulic pressure drops in the exhaust air duct.

Un problème général posé dans le domaine réside en une nécessité de dimensionner correctement les différents composants de l'installation de désenfumage, tels que les volets d'extraction d'air par exemple, notamment pour répondre à des exigences de réglementation en vigueur relatives aux dimensions des espaces à désenfumer, telles que des largeurs de couloir ou analogue, et des dimensions des conduits sur lesquels les composants sont installés.A general problem posed in the field lies in a need to correctly size the various components of the smoke extraction installation, such as air extraction dampers for example, in particular to meet the requirements of the regulations in force relating to dimensions. smoke clearance spaces, such as aisle widths or the like, and dimensions of the ducts on which the components are installed.

Les volets d'extraction d'air sont couramment identiques les uns aux autres et installés sur un unique conduit d'extraction d'air. Dans ce cas, seuls les volets d'extraction d'air situés dans une zone incendié doivent être ouverts, les autres volets d'extraction d'air, situés dans une zone non-atteinte par l'incendie, doivent être fermés, notamment pour assurer une continuité coupe-feu des conduits d'extraction d'air.Air extraction dampers are commonly identical to each other and installed on a single air extraction duct. In this case, only the air extraction shutters located in a fire zone must be open, the other air extraction shutters, located in an area not affected by the fire, must be closed, in particular for ensure fire-rated continuity of the air extraction ducts.

Une telle installation de désenfumage nécessite un équilibrage des pertes de charge afin d'obtenir un débit d'air correct pour le volet d'extraction d'air qui est ouvert. Or, la perte de charge aéraulique affectant un volet particulier d'extraction d'air est fonction d'une distance entre ledit volet d'extraction d'air et le ventilateur d'extraction d'air, il est donc nécessaire d'équilibrer les pertes de charge affectant les différents volets d'extraction d'air pour éviter un sur-débit au niveau de certains volets d'extraction d'air.Such a smoke extraction installation requires a balancing of the pressure drops in order to obtain a correct air flow for the air extraction damper which is open. However, the aeraulic pressure drop affecting a particular air extraction damper depends on a distance between said air extraction damper and the air extraction fan, it is therefore necessary to balance the pressure drops affecting the various air extraction dampers to avoid over-flow at certain air extraction dampers.

Il est connu d'équilibrer un volet d'extraction d'air en l'équipant d'une tôle perforée découpée sur site et dimensionnée par itération, afin de réduire une section de passage à l'air du volet d'extraction d'air et de créer ainsi une perte de charge complémentaire réduisant le débit d'air. La tôle perforée est montée de manière aléatoire, ce qui est susceptible d'engendrer des imprécisions au regard des pertes de charge générées.It is known to balance an air extraction flap by equipping it with a perforated sheet cut on site and dimensioned by iteration, in order to reduce an air passage section of the air extraction flap. and thus create an additional pressure drop reducing the air flow. The perforated sheet is mounted randomly, which is liable to generate inaccuracies with regard to the pressure drops generated.

Or, les législations en France et en Europe requièrent que les volets d'extraction d'air obtiennent une certification. L'ajout d'une telle tôle perforée est susceptible d'occasionner une combinaison de pertes de charge non prévue et donc non certifiée, ce qui risque de nuire à la sécurité de l'installation de désenfumage, de la rendre non conforme et donc d'engendrer un refus d'agrémentation par un bureau de contrôle. En effet, un contrôle rigoureux de l'installation de désenfumage doit être effectué lors de la réception du bâtiment et durant toute l'exploitation de celui-ci. Les sections et les dimensions des composants sont facilement contrôlables mais il est très difficile d'équilibrer le débit d'air résultant à un volet d'extraction d'air lors de la mise en service, un tel débit étant une résultante des caractéristiques de l'installation de désenfumage.However, the laws in France and in Europe require that the air extraction dampers obtain certification. The addition of such a perforated sheet is likely to cause a combination of unforeseen and therefore not certified pressure drops, which risks compromising the safety of the smoke extraction installation, rendering it non-compliant and therefore of '' cause a refusal of approval by a control office. In fact, a rigorous control of the smoke extraction system must be carried out during the acceptance of the building and during its entire operation. The sections and dimensions of the components are easily controlled but it is very difficult to balance the air flow resulting from an air extraction damper during commissioning, such a flow being a result of the characteristics of the air outlet. smoke extraction installation.

Un tel procédé d'équilibrage manque de précision et risque de rendre insatisfaisante l'installation de désenfumage.Such a balancing method lacks precision and risks making the smoke extraction installation unsatisfactory.

Résumé de l'inventionSummary of the invention

La présente invention vient améliorer la situation, en proposant un système d'équilibrage d'un débit d'air d'un volet d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air constitutif d'une installation de désenfumage, le système d'équilibrage permettant d'obtenir un débit d'air souhaité pour chacun des volets d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air que comprend l'installation de désenfumage, un tel système d'équilibrage optimisant un fonctionnement de l'installation de désenfumage et une réception de l'installation de désenfumage en vue de sa certification.The present invention improves the situation, by proposing a system for balancing an air flow from an air extraction / insufflation damper constituting a smoke extraction installation, the balancing system allowing to obtain a desired air flow for each of the air extraction / insufflation dampers that the smoke extraction installation comprises, such a balancing system optimizing operation of the smoke extraction installation and reception of the smoke extraction installation with a view to certification.

Plus particulièrement, la présente invention propose un volet d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air constitutif d'une installation de désenfumage. Le volet d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air comprend un cadre délimitant au moins une première fenêtre pourvue d'une grille comportant des ailettes.More particularly, the present invention provides an air extraction / insufflation damper constituting a smoke extraction installation. The air extraction / insufflation flap comprises a frame delimiting at least a first window provided with a grid comprising fins.

Selon la présente invention, le volet d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air comprend au moins un profilé d'obturation de la première fenêtre disposé entre deux ailettes pour générer une perte de charge déterminée afin d'obtenir un débit d'air choisi traversant la première fenêtre.According to the present invention, the air extraction / insufflation flap comprises at least one profile for closing off the first window arranged between two fins to generate a determined pressure drop in order to obtain a chosen air flow rate. going through the first window.

Le volet d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air comprend avantageusement l'une quelconque au moins des caractéristiques suivantes, prises seules ou en combinaison :

  • le profilé d'obturation est destiné à obstruer partiellement la première fenêtre et ainsi générer la perte de charge déterminée qui permet d'obtenir le débit d'air souhaité au niveau de la première fenêtre,
  • le profilé d'obturation équipant un premier volet d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air permet un équilibrage du débit d'air traversant la première fenêtre du premier volet d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air par rapport à un deuxième volet d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air exempt de profilé d'obturation, qui est situé à une distance d'un ventilateur d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air de l'installation de désenfumage qui est plus grande que celle à laquelle est situé le premier volet d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air, et qui subit de ce fait une perte de charge plus importante avec pour conséquence un débit d'air traversant la première fenêtre du deuxième volet d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air plus faible. Il en résulte que le profilé d'obturation équipant le premier volet d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air compense la perte de charge affectant le deuxième volet d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air. Il en découle finalement que chacun des volets d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air de l'installation de désenfumage fournit le débit choisi par le constructeur de l'installation de désenfumage, ce qui garantit une accréditation lors d'une visite de réception de l'installation de désenfumage.
  • Ces dispositions sont telles que l'équilibrage en débit des différents volets d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air est simple, précis et ne nécessite aucun matériel ou investissement coûteux. De plus, une durée de mise en place des profilés d'obturation sur les volets d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air est très rapide,
  • les profilés d'obturation offrent un caractère esthétique avantageux, ils sont susceptibles d'être livrés à la largeur du volet d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air ou bien d'être découpés sur place,
  • le nombre de profilé d'obturation équipant le volet d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air est adapté pour obtenir la perte de charge déterminée. Ainsi, un volet d'extraction / d'insufflation est susceptible de comprendre une pluralité de profilés d'obturation pour obtenir la perte de charge déterminée,
  • la position du profilé d'obturation est adaptée pour obtenir la perte de charge déterminée,
  • le nombre de profilés d'obturation et leurs positions est par exemple obtenu à partir d'un logiciel ou d'une table de calcul,
  • le profilé d'obturation comprend une lame et un organe de fixation de la lame sur la grille,
  • le volet d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air, le profilé d'obturation et la grille forment un ensemble solidaire aisément repérable et identifiable lors de son installation sur un conduit d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air. Autrement dit, il est aisé d'installer l'ensemble solidaire approprié sur une bouche correspondante d'un conduit d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air de l'installation de désenfumage. Ces dispositions permettent d'éviter toute erreur d'installation d'un volet d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air sur une bouche à laquelle le volet d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air n'est pas destiné. Il en résulte une sécurisation de la mise en place de l'installation de désenfumage ainsi qu'une simplification d'un contrôle à réception de l'installation de désenfumage,
  • la lame est pourvue d'une rainure apte à recevoir au moins partiellement l'organe de fixation,
  • l'organe de fixation est un organe de fixation par clipage sur un que comprend la grille,
  • la grille comprend deux montants qui sont porteurs des ailettes,
  • l'organe de fixation par clipage permet un montage rapide du profilé d'obturation sur la grille,
  • le profilé d'obturation ainsi monté sur la grille ne peut être désolidarisé de cette dernière, notamment depuis une face avant du volet d'extraction d'air,
  • l'organe de fixation comprend un clip comportant des mâchoires délimitant un espace interne apte à recevoir le montant de la grille,
  • le cadre comprend deux bords longitudinaux et deux bords latéraux délimitant la première fenêtre pourvue de la grille et une deuxième fenêtre pourvue d'un ouvrant,
The air extraction / insufflation damper advantageously comprises any one at least of the following characteristics, taken alone or in combination:
  • the shutter profile is intended to partially obstruct the first window and thus generate the determined pressure drop which makes it possible to obtain the desired air flow at the level of the first window,
  • the shutter profile fitted to a first air extraction / insufflation flap balances the air flow passing through the first window of the first air extraction / insufflation flap with respect to a second flap extractor / insufflation air free of shutter profile, which is located at a distance from an extractor / insufflation fan of the smoke extraction system which is greater than that to which is located the first air extraction / insufflation flap, and which therefore undergoes a greater pressure drop with the consequence of an air flow through the first window of the second extraction / exhaust flap lower air supply. The result is that the shutter profile fitted to the first air extraction / insufflation flap compensates for the pressure drop affecting the second air extraction / insufflation flap. It ultimately follows that each of the smoke extraction system's air extraction / insufflation flaps supplies the flow rate chosen by the manufacturer of the smoke extraction system, which guarantees accreditation during a reception visit. of the smoke extraction system.
  • These arrangements are such that the flow rate balancing of the various air extraction / blowing flaps is simple, precise and does not require any costly equipment or investment. In addition, the installation time of the shutter profiles on the air extraction / blowing flaps is very fast,
  • the shutter profiles offer an advantageous aesthetic character, they are likely to be delivered to the width of the air extraction / blowing flap or to be cut on site,
  • the number of shutter profiles fitted to the air extraction / insufflation flap is adapted to obtain the determined pressure drop. Thus, an extraction / insufflation flap is likely to include a plurality of closure profiles to obtain the determined pressure drop,
  • the position of the closure profile is adapted to obtain the determined pressure drop,
  • the number of shutter profiles and their positions is for example obtained from software or a calculation table,
  • the shutter profile comprises a blade and a member for fixing the blade to the grid,
  • the air extraction / insufflation flap, the shutter profile and the grille form an integral unit that is easily identifiable and identifiable when it is installed on an air extraction / insufflation duct. In other words, it is easy to install the appropriate integral assembly on a corresponding outlet of an air extraction / insufflation duct of the smoke extraction installation. These provisions make it possible to avoid any error in installing an air extraction / insufflation damper on a mouth for which the air extraction / insufflation damper is not intended. This results in securing the installation of the smoke extraction installation as well as a simplification of a check upon receipt of the smoke extraction installation,
  • the blade is provided with a groove capable of at least partially receiving the fixing member,
  • the fixing member is a fixing member by clipping onto a grid that comprises,
  • the grid comprises two uprights which carry the fins,
  • the clip-on fixing device allows rapid assembly of the shutter profile on the grille,
  • the shutter profile thus mounted on the grille cannot be separated from the latter, in particular from a front face of the air extraction flap,
  • the fixing member comprises a clip comprising jaws defining an internal space suitable for receiving the upright of the grid,
  • the frame comprises two longitudinal edges and two lateral edges delimiting the first window provided with the grille and a second window provided with an opening,

La présente invention a aussi pour objet une installation de désenfumage comprenant un conduit d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air équipé d'une pluralité de tels volets d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air disposés à une distance respective d'un ventilateur d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air.The present invention also relates to a smoke extraction installation comprising an air extraction / insufflation duct equipped with a plurality of such air extraction / insufflation flaps arranged at a respective distance of one. exhaust / supply air fan.

L'installation de désenfumage comprend avantageusement l'une quelconque au moins des caractéristiques techniques suivantes prises seules ou en combinaison :

  • un nombre de profilé d'obturation équipant un volet d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air est une fonction décroissante de la distance,
  • la fonction est une fonction discrète en escalier.
  • Autrement dit, plus le volet d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air est éloigné du ventilateur d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air, moins le volet d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air comprend de profilé d'obturation.
The smoke extraction installation advantageously comprises any one at least of the following technical characteristics taken alone or in combination:
  • a number of shutter profiles fitted to an air extraction / insufflation flap is a decreasing function of the distance,
  • the function is a discrete staircase function.
  • In other words, the farther the air extract / supply damper is from the extract air / supply air fan, the less cover profile the extract / supply air damper has. .

La présente invention a aussi pour objet un procédé d'équilibrage en perte de charge aéraulique d'une telle installation de désenfumage, le procédé consistant à équiper un premier volet d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air disposé à une première distance du ventilateur d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air en un premier nombre de profilés d'obturation qui est supérieur ou égal à un deuxième nombre de profilés d'obturation équipant un deuxième volet d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air disposé à une deuxième distance du ventilateur d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air qui est supérieure à la première distance.A subject of the present invention is also a method for balancing the air pressure drop of such a smoke extraction installation, the method consisting in equipping a first air extraction / insufflation damper placed at a first distance from the fan. air extraction / blowing in a first number of shutter profiles which is greater than or equal to a second number of shutter profiles fitted to a second air extraction / insufflation flap arranged at a second distance from the exhaust / supply air fan that is greater than the first distance.

Brève description des figuresBrief description of the figures

L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description non limitative qui suit, rédigée au regard des dessins annexés, dans lesquels :

  • [Fig. 1] représente une installation de désenfumage de la présente invention,
  • [Fig. 2] représente un volet d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air constitutif de l'installation de désenfumage illustré sur la figure 1,
  • [Fig. 3] représente un profilé d'obturation destiné à équiper le volet d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air illustré sur la figure 2,
  • [Fig. 4] représente une vue en coupe d'une lame constitutive du profilé d'obturation illustré sur la figure 3,
  • [Fig. 5] représente une vue en coupe d'un organe de fixation constitutif du profilé d'obturation illustré sur la figure 3,
  • [Fig. 6] représente un diagramme illustrant un nombre de profilé d'obturation équipant un volet d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air en fonction d'une distance à laquelle le volet d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air est disposé par rapport à un ventilateur d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air, notamment lorsqu'une taille des volets d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air et un débit d'air les traversant est identique sur toute une hauteur d'un conduit d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air.
The invention will be better understood on reading the following non-limiting description, drawn up with reference to the appended drawings, in which:
  • [ Fig. 1 ] represents a smoke extraction installation of the present invention,
  • [ Fig. 2 ] represents an air extraction / insufflation damper constituting the smoke extraction system illustrated on figure 1 ,
  • [ Fig. 3 ] represents a shutter profile intended to equip the air extraction / insufflation damper illustrated on the figure 2 ,
  • [ Fig. 4 ] shows a sectional view of a constituent blade of the shutter profile illustrated in figure 3 ,
  • [ Fig. 5 ] shows a sectional view of a fixing member constituting the shutter profile illustrated in figure 3 ,
  • [ Fig. 6 ] represents a diagram illustrating a number of shutter profiles fitted to an air extraction / insufflation flap as a function of a distance at which the air extraction / insufflation flap is arranged with respect to an air extraction / insufflation fan, in particular when a size of the air extraction / insufflation dampers and an air flow passing through them is identical over a whole height of a duct of air extraction / insufflation.

Description détaillée de l'inventionDetailed description of the invention

Sur la figure 1, un bâtiment 1, notamment un bâtiment recevant des personnes, tel qu'un bâtiment à usage d'habitation, un local tertiaire ou un local recevant du public comme les écoles, les bureaux, les centres de soins ou les maisons de retraite, est équipé d'une installation de désenfumage 2 prévue pour évacuer des fumées générées lors d'un incendie affectant le bâtiment 1.On the figure 1 , a building 1, in particular a building receiving people, such as a building for residential use, a tertiary room or a room receiving the public such as schools, offices, care centers or retirement homes, is equipped with a smoke extraction system 2 designed to evacuate smoke generated during a fire affecting building 1.

L'installation de désenfumage 2 est destinée à extraire une partie des fumées et des gaz de combustion à l'extérieur du bâtiment 1 pour limiter la propagation de l'incendie. L'installation de désenfumage 2 permet aussi de rendre praticables des cheminements à l'intérieur du bâtiment 1 qui sont utilisés pour l'évacuation des personnes hors du bâtiment 1 et l'intervention des secours à l'intérieur du bâtiment 1.The smoke extraction installation 2 is intended to extract part of the smoke and combustion gases outside the building 1 to limit the spread of the fire. The smoke extraction installation 2 also makes it possible to make pathways practicable inside the building 1 which are used for the evacuation of people from the building 1 and the intervention of emergency services inside the building 1.

L'installation de désenfumage 2 comprend un dispositif d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air 3 comportant un ou plusieurs volets d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d disposés sur un conduit d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air 5. L'installation de désenfumage 2 comprend préférentiellement une pluralité de volets d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d qui équipent respectivement des pièces distinctes du bâtiment 1 et/ou des étages différents du bâtiment 1. Chaque volet d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d est disposé sur une bouche 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d ménagée à travers le conduit d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air 5 et par l'intermédiaire de laquelle les fumées peuvent circuler ou par l'intermédiaire de laquelle de l'air peut être insufflé.The smoke extraction installation 2 comprises an air extraction / insufflation device 3 comprising one or more air extraction / insufflation dampers 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d arranged on an extraction duct / air blowing 5. The smoke extraction installation 2 preferably comprises a plurality of air extraction / blowing dampers 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d which respectively equip separate rooms of the building 1 and / or different floors of building 1. Each air extraction / insufflation damper 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d is arranged on a mouth 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d formed through the extraction / insufflation duct d 'air 5 and through which the fumes can circulate or through which air can be blown.

Le conduit d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air 5 est relié à un ventilateur d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air 7 ayant des caractéristiques de tenue au feu. Le ventilateur d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air 7 est par exemple placé à l'extérieur du bâtiment 1, notamment sur un toit de ce dernier. Chaque volet d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d est disposé sur le conduit d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air 5 à une distance D1, D2, D3, D4 mesurée entre le ventilateur d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air 7 et la bouche 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d équipée dudit volet d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d. La distance D1, D2, D3, D4 est par exemple mesurée entre un centre de symétrie de la bouche 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d et une admission d'air du ventilateur d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air 7. Ainsi, l'installation de désenfumage 2 comprend par exemple un premier volet d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air 4a disposé à une première distance D1 du ventilateur d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air 7, un deuxième volet d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air 4b disposé à une deuxième distance D2 du ventilateur d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air 7, un troisième volet d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air 4c disposé à une troisième distance D3 du ventilateur d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air 7 et un quatrième volet d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air 4a disposé à une quatrième distance D4 du ventilateur d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air 7. La première distance D1 est inférieure à la deuxième distance D2, qui est inférieure à la troisième distance D3, qui est elle-même inférieure à la quatrième distance D4.The air extraction / insufflation duct 5 is connected to an air extraction / insufflation fan 7 having fire resistance characteristics. The air extraction / insufflation fan 7 is for example placed outside the building 1, in particular on a roof of the latter. Each air extraction / insufflation flap 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d is arranged on the air extraction / insufflation duct 5 at a distance D1, D2, D3, D4 measured between the fan d 'air extraction / insufflation 7 and the mouth 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d equipped with said air extraction / insufflation flap 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d. The distance D1, D2, D3, D4 is for example measured between a center of symmetry of the mouth 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d and an air intake of the air extraction / insufflation fan 7. Thus, the The smoke extraction installation 2 comprises for example a first air extraction / insufflation flap 4a arranged at a first distance D1 from the extraction / air insufflation fan 7, a second extraction flap / d air blowing 4b arranged at a second distance D2 from the exhaust fan / air blowing 7, a third air extraction / blowing flap 4c arranged at a third distance D3 from the air blower air extraction / insufflation 7 and a fourth air extraction / insufflation flap 4a arranged at a fourth distance D4 from the exhaust air / insufflation fan 7. The first distance D1 is less at the second distance D2, which is less than the third distance D3, which is itself less than the fourth distance D4.

Sur la figure 2, le volet d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d est illustré à l'intérieur d'un repère orthonormé Oxyz lié au volet d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d et comprenant un axe longitudinal Ox, un axe transversal Oy et un axe latéral Oz. Le volet d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d comprend un cadre 8 qui est conformé en un quadrilatère comprenant deux bords longitudinaux 81 ménagés à l'intérieur d'un plan respectif parallèle au plan Oxy et deux bords latéraux 82 ménagés à l'intérieur d'un plan respectif parallèle au plan Oyz. Le cadre 8 délimite une première fenêtre 83 et une deuxième fenêtre 84 ménagées à l'intérieur d'un plan respectif qui est parallèle au plan Oxz.On the figure 2 , the air extraction / insufflation flap 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d is illustrated inside an orthonormal Oxyz mark linked to the air extraction / insufflation flap 4a, 4b, 4c , 4d and comprising a longitudinal axis Ox, a transverse axis Oy and a lateral axis Oz. The air extraction / insufflation flap 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d comprises a frame 8 which is shaped as a quadrilateral comprising two longitudinal edges 81 formed inside a respective plane parallel to the Oxy plane and two side edges 82 formed inside a respective plane parallel to the Oyz plane. The frame 8 defines a first window 83 and a second window 84 formed within a respective plane which is parallel to the Oxz plane.

La première fenêtre 83 est équipée d'une grille 10 qui comprend au moins un montant 11 qui s'étend entre les bords longitudinaux 81 et parallèlement aux bords latéraux 82. Préférentiellement, la grille 10 comprend deux montants 11. Les montants 11 relient entre elles des ailettes 12 qui s'étendent parallèlement à l'axe longitudinal Ox. De préférence, les ailettes 12 sont équidistantes les unes des autres le long des montants 11. Les ailettes 12 sont préférentiellement inclinées d'un angle non-nul par rapport à un plan parallèle au plan Oxz. La grille 10 a notamment une visée esthétique et permet de masquer à la vue un volume intérieur du cadre 8 et l'ouvrant 9.The first window 83 is equipped with a grid 10 which comprises at least one upright 11 which extends between the longitudinal edges 81 and parallel to the lateral edges 82. Preferably, the grid 10 comprises two uprights 11. The uprights 11 connect to each other. fins 12 which extend parallel to the longitudinal axis Ox. Preferably, the fins 12 are equidistant from each other along the uprights 11. The fins 12 are preferably inclined at a non-zero angle with respect to a plane parallel to the Oxz plane. The grille 10 has in particular an aesthetic aim and makes it possible to hide from view an interior volume of the frame 8 and the opening 9.

La deuxième fenêtre 84 est destinée à être apposée contre la bouche 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d du conduit d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air 5. La deuxième fenêtre 84 est équipée d'un ouvrant 9 qui est mobile entre une première position dans laquelle l'ouvrant 9 obture la deuxième fenêtre 84 et une deuxième position dans laquelle l'ouvrant 9 permet un passage des fumées depuis le volet d'extraction / d'insufflation 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d vers le conduit d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air 5 par l'intermédiaire de la bouche 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d et un passage de l'air depuis le conduit d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air 5 vers le volet d'extraction / d'insufflation 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d.The second window 84 is intended to be affixed against the mouth 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d of the air extraction / insufflation duct 5. The second window 84 is equipped with an opening 9 which is movable between a first position in which the opening 9 closes the second window 84 and a second position in which the opening 9 allows the smoke to pass from the extraction / insufflation damper 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d to the extraction duct / air insufflation 5 via the mouth 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d and an air passage from the extraction duct / air insufflation 5 to the extraction flap / insufflation 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d.

Sur la figure 3, la grille 10, dont seuls les montants 11 ont été représentées et en traits pointillés pour une meilleure lisibilité de la figure, est équipée d'au moins un profilé d'obturation 13 qui est destiné à obstruer partiellement la première fenêtre 83. Le profilé d'obturation 13 est destiné à augmenter une perte de charge au niveau du volet d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d que le profilé d'obturation 13 équipe.On the figure 3 , the grid 10, of which only the uprights 11 have been shown and in dotted lines for better legibility of the figure, is equipped with at least one closing profile 13 which is intended to partially obstruct the first window 83. The profile shutter 13 is intended to increase a pressure drop at the air extraction / blowing flap 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d that the shutter profile 13 equips.

Le profilé d'obturation 13 comprend une lame 14 et au moins un organe de fixation 24 de la lame 14 sur l'un des montants 11 de la grille 10. Plus précisément, le profilé d'obturation 13 comprend autant d'organe de fixation 24 que la grille 10 comporte de montants 11. Selon l'exemple illustré, le profilé d'obturation 13 comprend un couple d'organes de fixation 24.The shutter profile 13 comprises a blade 14 and at least one fixing member 24 of the blade 14 on one of the uprights 11 of the grid 10. More precisely, the shutter profile 13 comprises as many fixing member 24 that the grid 10 comprises uprights 11. According to the example illustrated, the closure profile 13 comprises a pair of fasteners 24.

La lame 14 s'étend principalement selon un axe d'allongement A1 parallèle à l'axe longitudinal Ox, lorsque le profilé d'obturation 13 est monté sur la grille 10 du volet d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d. Le profilé d'obturation 13 comprend une première face 15 qui est plane et qui est ménagée dans un plan parallèle au plan Oxz. La première face 15 s'étend entre deux rebords longitudinaux 16 qui sont parallèles à l'axe d'allongement A1 et deux rebords latéraux 17 qui sont ménagés dans des plans respectifs orthogonaux à l'axe d'allongement A1. Le profilé d'obturation 13 comprend une deuxième face 18, opposée à la première face 15, qui est par exemple bombée. Le profilé d'obturation 13 est par exemple réalisé par extrusion d'une matière plastique / aluminium ou autre.The blade 14 extends mainly along an axis of elongation A1 parallel to the longitudinal axis Ox, when the shutter profile 13 is mounted on the grid 10 of the air extraction / blowing flap 4a, 4b , 4c, 4d. The sealing profile 13 comprises a first face 15 which is flat and which is formed in a plane parallel to the Oxz plane. The first face 15 extends between two longitudinal flanges 16 which are parallel to the axis of elongation A1 and two lateral flanges 17 which are formed in respective planes orthogonal to the axis of elongation A1. The closure profile 13 comprises a second face 18, opposite the first face 15, which is for example convex. The closure profile 13 is for example produced by extrusion of a plastic / aluminum or other material.

Sur la figure 4, la lame 14 comporte une rainure 19 qui s'étend parallèlement à l'axe d'allongement A1 entre les rebords latéraux 17, la rainure 19 étant débouchante à travers ces derniers. La rainure 19 est agencée en un « T » et comporte un pied 20 qui est ménagé à l'intérieur d'un plan parallèle au plan Oxz et un bras 21 qui est ménagé à l'intérieur d'un plan parallèle au plan Oxy. La rainure 19 est également débouchante à travers la première face 15 par l'intermédiaire du bras 21. Le pied 20 s'étend entre deux extrémités latérales de pied 22 qui sont distantes d'une première longueur L1 prise parallèlement à l'axe Oz entre les extrémités latérales de pied 22. Le pied 20 s'étend entre deux extrémités transversales de pied 23 qui sont distantes d'une première épaisseur E1 prise parallèlement à l'axe Oy entre les extrémités transversales de pied 23. Le bras 21 est relié au pied 20 par l'intermédiaire d'un premier point de liaison 24 qui est situé à égale distance des extrémités latérales de pied 22. Le bras 21 est d'une première largeur X1 prise parallèlement à l'axe Oz entre deux extrémités latérales de bras 25.On the figure 4 , the blade 14 has a groove 19 which extends parallel to the axis of elongation A1 between the lateral flanges 17, the groove 19 opening through the latter. The groove 19 is arranged in a "T" and comprises a foot 20 which is formed inside a plane parallel to the Oxz plane and an arm 21 which is formed inside a plane parallel to the Oxy plane. The groove 19 also opens out through the first face 15 via the arm 21. The foot 20 extends between two lateral ends of the foot 22 which are spaced apart by a first length L1 taken parallel to the axis Oz between the lateral ends of the foot 22. The foot 20 extends between two transverse ends of the foot 23 which are spaced apart by a first thickness E1 taken parallel to the axis Oy between the transverse ends of the foot 23. The arm 21 is connected to the foot 20 via a first connection point 24 which is located at an equal distance from the lateral ends of the foot 22. The arm 21 has a first width X1 taken parallel to the axis Oz between two lateral ends of the arm 25.

Sur la figure 5, l'organe de fixation 26 comprend un socle 27 qui est de conformation identique au pied 20 de la rainure 19. Le socle 27 s'étend entre deux extrémités latérales de socle 28 qui sont distantes d'une deuxième longueur L2 prise parallèlement à l'axe Oz entre les extrémités latérales de socle 28. Le socle 27 s'étend entre deux extrémités transversales de socle 29 qui sont distantes d'une deuxième épaisseur E2 prise parallèlement à l'axe Oy entre les extrémités transversales de socle 29. Le socle 27 est pourvu d'un plot 30 qui est relié au socle 27 par l'intermédiaire d'un deuxième point de liaison 31 situé à égale distance des extrémités latérales de socle 28. Le plot 30 est d'une deuxième largeur X2 prise parallèlement à l'axe Oz entre deux extrémités latérales de plot 32.On the figure 5 , the fixing member 26 comprises a base 27 which is of identical conformation to the foot 20 of the groove 19. The base 27 extends between two lateral ends of the base 28 which are spaced apart by a second length L2 taken parallel to the 'axis Oz between the lateral ends of base 28. The base 27 extends between two transverse ends of base 29 which are spaced apart by a second thickness E2 taken parallel to the axis Oy between the transverse ends of base 29. The base 27 is provided with a stud 30 which is connected to the base 27 by means of a second connection point 31 located at an equal distance from the lateral ends of the base 28. The stud 30 has a second width X2 taken parallel to the Oz axis between two lateral ends of stud 32.

Aux tolérances de fabrication près, la première longueur L1 est égale à la deuxième longueur L2, la première épaisseur E1 est égale à la deuxième épaisseur E2, et la première largeur X1 est égale à la deuxième largeur X2. Ces dispositions sont telles que le socle 27 est apte à coulisser en contact étroit à l'intérieur du pied 20 de la rainure 19, et que le plot 30 est apte à coulisser en contact étroit à l'intérieur du bras 21. Il en résulte qu'à partir d'un coulissement des organes de fixations 26 à l'intérieur de la rainure 19, les organes de fixation 26 sont disposés en regard des montants 11 de la grille 10, de telle sorte que la lame 14 puisse être aisément rapportée sur la grille 10.Apart from manufacturing tolerances, the first length L1 is equal to the second length L2, the first thickness E1 is equal to the second thickness E2, and the first width X1 is equal to the second width X2. These arrangements are such that the base 27 is able to slide in close contact inside the foot 20 of the groove 19, and that the stud 30 is able to slide in close contact inside the arm 21. This results in that from a sliding of the fasteners 26 inside the groove 19, the fasteners 26 are arranged facing the uprights 11 of the grid 10, so that the blade 14 can be easily attached to the grid 10 .

Le plot 30 est équipé d'un clip 33 qui comprend deux mâchoires 34 symétriques l'une de l'autre. Les mâchoires 34 ménagent entre elles une ouverture 35 qui donne accès à un espace interne 36 apte à recevoir l'un des montants 11 de la grille 10. Selon une variante de réalisation du clip 33, ce dernier est susceptible d'être équipé d'un système de fermeture de l'ouverture 35.The stud 30 is equipped with a clip 33 which comprises two jaws 34 symmetrical to one another. The jaws 34 leave between them an opening 35 which gives access to an internal space 36 capable of receiving one of the uprights 11 of the grid 10. According to an alternative embodiment of the clip 33, the latter is capable of being fitted with a system for closing the opening 35.

Ces dispositions sont telles qu'une lame 14 pourvues de deux organes de fixation 26 est à même d'être rapportée sur la grille 10 à partir d'une mise en place respective des montants 11 à l'intérieur des espaces internes 36 des organes de fixation 26. Les organes de fixation 26 sont par exemple obtenus par moulage d'une matière plastique, une épaisseur des mâchoires 34 étant adaptée suivant la matière plastique employée, de manière à permettre un passage du montant 11 à travers l'ouverture 35 à partir d'une déformation élastique des mâchoires 34. Les clips 33 peuvent aussi être réalisés en acier, inox ou tout autre matériau résistant au feu.These arrangements are such that a blade 14 provided with two fixing members 26 is able to be attached to the grid 10 from a respective placement of the uprights 11 inside the internal spaces 36 of the fixing 26. The fixing members 26 are for example obtained by molding a plastic material, a thickness of the jaws 34 being adapted according to the plastic material used, so as to allow passage of the upright 11 through the opening 35 from elastic deformation of the jaws 34. The clips 33 can also be made of steel, stainless steel or any other fire-resistant material.

Sur la figure 6, un nombre N de profilé d'obturations 13 équipant chacun des volets d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d de l'installation de désenfumage 2 est une fonction décroissante d'une distance D à laquelle est placé chaque volet d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d sur le conduit d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air 5. Autrement dit, plus le volet d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d est proche du ventilateur d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air 7, plus le volet d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d est équipé d'un nombre important de profilés d'obturations 13, notamment lorsque les volets d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d sont identiques entre eux et qu'un débit d'air les traversant est également identique. Une telle fonction est notamment une fonction en escalier.On the figure 6 , a number N of shutter profile 13 fitted to each of the air extraction / blowing flaps 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d of the smoke extraction installation 2 is a decreasing function by a distance D at which is placed each air extraction / insufflation damper 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d on the air extraction / insufflation duct 5. In other words, plus the extraction / insufflation damper of air 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d is close to the extract air / supply air fan 7, plus the extract air / supply air damper 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d is equipped with a number important of shutter profiles 13, especially when the air extraction / blowing flaps 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d are identical to each other and an air flow passing through them is also identical. Such a function is in particular a staircase function.

L'ensemble de ces fonctions est tel que le premier volet d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air 4a disposé à la première distance D1 du ventilateur d'extraction d'air 7 est pourvu d'un nombre supérieur ou égal de profilés d'obturation 13 que le deuxième volet d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air 4b placé à la deuxième distance D2 du ventilateur d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air 7, pour éviter un sur-débit d'air et/ou de fumées au niveau du premier volet d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air 4a.All of these functions are such that the first air extraction / insufflation flap 4a arranged at the first distance D1 of the air extraction fan 7 is provided with a greater or equal number of profiles d '' shutter 13 that the second air extraction / insufflation flap 4b placed at the second distance D2 from the exhaust / air insufflation fan 7, to avoid an over-flow of air and / or of smoke at the first air extraction / insufflation damper 4a.

Il résulte de ces dispositions un équilibrage en débit d'air des volets d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d qui est simple et rapide à effectuer, un tel équilibrage étant par ailleurs précis. Un tel équilibrage permet que chaque volet d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d évacue et/ou insuffle un même débit d'air, quel que soit sa position sur le conduit d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air 5.The result of these arrangements is a balancing of the air flow rate of the air extraction / blowing flaps 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d which is simple and quick to perform, such balancing being moreover precise. Such balancing allows each air extraction / insufflation flap 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d to evacuate and / or breathe the same air flow, regardless of its position on the extraction / exhaust duct. air blowing 5.

Le nombre N de profilés d'obturation est indifféremment déterminé par calcul à l'aide d'un logiciel ou de tables.The number N of shutter profiles can be determined without distinction by calculation using software or tables.

Claims (8)

Volet d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d) constitutif d'une installation de désenfumage (2), le volet d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d) comprenant un cadre (8) délimitant au moins une première fenêtre (83) pourvue d'une grille (10) comportant des ailettes (12), caractérisé en ce que le volet d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d) comprend au moins un profilé d'obturation (13) de la première fenêtre (83) disposé entre deux ailettes (12) pour générer une perte de charge déterminée afin d'obtenir un débit d'air choisi traversant la première fenêtre (83), le profilé d'obturation (13) comprenant une lame (14) et un organe de fixation (26) de la lame (14) sur la grille (10).Air extraction / insufflation damper (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d) constituting a smoke extraction system (2), the air extraction / insufflation damper (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d) comprising a frame (8) delimiting at least a first window (83) provided with a grid (10) comprising fins (12), characterized in that the air extraction / blowing flap (4a , 4b, 4c, 4d) comprises at least one sealing profile (13) of the first window (83) arranged between two fins (12) to generate a determined pressure drop in order to obtain a chosen air flow through the first window (83), the shutter profile (13) comprising a blade (14) and a member (26) for fixing the blade (14) on the grid (10). Volet d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d) selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la lame (14) est pourvue d'une rainure (19) apte à recevoir au moins partiellement l'organe de fixation (26).Air extraction / blowing damper (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d) according to claim 1, characterized in that the blade (14) is provided with a groove (19) capable of at least partially receiving the 'fixing member (26). Volet d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d) selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que l'organe de fixation (26) est un organe de fixation par clipage sur un montant (11) que comprend la grille (10).Air extraction / insufflation damper (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d) according to Claim 3, characterized in that the fixing member (26) is a fixing member by clipping onto a post (11) included in the grid (10). Volet d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d) selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que l'organe de fixation (26) comprend un clip (33) comportant des mâchoires (34) délimitant un espace interne (36) apte à recevoir le montant (11) de la grille (10).Air extraction / insufflation damper (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d) according to claim 3, characterized in that the fixing member (26) comprises a clip (33) comprising jaws (34) delimiting an internal space (36) adapted to receive the upright (11) of the grid (10). Volet d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le cadre (8) comprend deux bords longitudinaux (81) et deux bords latéraux (82) délimitant la première fenêtre (83) pourvue de la grille (10) et une deuxième fenêtre (84) pourvue d'un ouvrant (9).Air extraction / blowing damper (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the frame (8) comprises two longitudinal edges (81) and two lateral edges ( 82) delimiting the first window (83) provided with the grid (10) and a second window (84) provided with an opening (9). Installation de désenfumage (2) comprenant un conduit d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air (5) équipé d'une pluralité de volets d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes qui sont disposés à une distance respective (D1, D2, D3, D4) d'un ventilateur d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air (7), caractérisé en ce qu'un nombre (N) de profilé d'obturation (13) équipant un volet d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d) est une fonction décroissante de la distance (D1, D2, D3, D4).Smoke extraction installation (2) comprising an air extraction / insufflation duct (5) equipped with a plurality of air extraction / insufflation dampers (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d) according to l 'Any of the preceding claims which are arranged at a respective distance (D1, D2, D3, D4) from an extract air / supply air fan (7), characterized in that a number (N) of shutter profile (13) fitted to an air extraction / blowing flap (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d) is a decreasing function of the distance (D1, D2, D3, D4). Installation de désenfumage (2) selon la revendication 6, caractérisée en ce que la fonction est une fonction discrète en escalier.Smoke extraction system (2) according to Claim 6, characterized in that the function is a discrete staircase function. Procédé d'équilibrage en perte de charge aéraulique d'une installation de désenfumage (2) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 6 et 7, caractérisé en ce que le procédé consiste à équiper un premier volet d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d) disposé à une première distance (D1) du ventilateur d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air (7) en un premier nombre (N1) de profilés d'obturation (13) qui est supérieur ou égal à un deuxième nombre (N2) de profilés d'obturation (13) équipant un deuxième volet d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d) disposé à une deuxième distance (D2) du ventilateur d'extraction / d'insufflation d'air (7) qui est supérieure à la première distance (D1).Process for balancing in aeraulic pressure drop of a smoke extraction system (2) according to any one of Claims 6 and 7, characterized in that the process consists in equipping a first extraction / insufflation flap with air (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d) disposed at a first distance (D1) from the air extraction / insufflation fan (7) in a first number (N1) of sealing profiles (13) which is greater than or equal to a second number (N2) of shutter profiles (13) fitted to a second air extraction / blowing flap (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d) arranged at a second distance (D2) from the air extraction / insufflation fan (7) which is greater than the first distance (D1).
EP20170274.3A 2019-04-26 2020-04-20 Smoke extraction installation Active EP3745039B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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FR1904450A FR3095501B1 (en) 2019-04-26 2019-04-26 Smoke extraction installation

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EP3745039B1 EP3745039B1 (en) 2022-01-19

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Citations (7)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5788571A (en) * 1997-01-22 1998-08-04 Ivison; John T. Method of venting smoke from highrise residential buildings
WO2002023098A1 (en) * 2000-09-14 2002-03-21 Seac International B.V. Grille element, intended for placing in a ventilation opening
EP1617155A1 (en) * 2004-07-12 2006-01-18 Autogyre Ventilation grill
US20070251175A1 (en) * 2006-04-12 2007-11-01 Zero International, Inc. Louver closure system and method
US20100056037A1 (en) * 2008-08-28 2010-03-04 Closed Joint-Stock Company 'ventilation Systems' Ventilation grill
US20140065939A1 (en) * 2005-12-27 2014-03-06 American Aldes Ventilation Corporation Method and apparatus for passively controlling airflow
US20180017281A1 (en) * 2016-07-15 2018-01-18 Richard Ebersohl Vent Screening System

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5788571A (en) * 1997-01-22 1998-08-04 Ivison; John T. Method of venting smoke from highrise residential buildings
WO2002023098A1 (en) * 2000-09-14 2002-03-21 Seac International B.V. Grille element, intended for placing in a ventilation opening
EP1617155A1 (en) * 2004-07-12 2006-01-18 Autogyre Ventilation grill
US20140065939A1 (en) * 2005-12-27 2014-03-06 American Aldes Ventilation Corporation Method and apparatus for passively controlling airflow
US20070251175A1 (en) * 2006-04-12 2007-11-01 Zero International, Inc. Louver closure system and method
US20100056037A1 (en) * 2008-08-28 2010-03-04 Closed Joint-Stock Company 'ventilation Systems' Ventilation grill
US20180017281A1 (en) * 2016-07-15 2018-01-18 Richard Ebersohl Vent Screening System

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FR3095501A1 (en) 2020-10-30
EP3745039B1 (en) 2022-01-19
FR3095501B1 (en) 2021-07-23

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