EP3728977A1 - Echangeur de chaleur avec elements et plaques a texturation de surface - Google Patents
Echangeur de chaleur avec elements et plaques a texturation de surfaceInfo
- Publication number
- EP3728977A1 EP3728977A1 EP18833697.8A EP18833697A EP3728977A1 EP 3728977 A1 EP3728977 A1 EP 3728977A1 EP 18833697 A EP18833697 A EP 18833697A EP 3728977 A1 EP3728977 A1 EP 3728977A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- plate
- oriented
- intermediate element
- pair
- texturing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D9/0062—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by spaced plates with inserted elements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
- F28F13/003—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by using permeable mass, perforated or porous materials
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
- F28F13/18—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by applying coatings, e.g. radiation-absorbing, radiation-reflecting; by surface treatment, e.g. polishing
- F28F13/185—Heat-exchange surfaces provided with microstructures or with porous coatings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
- F28F13/18—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by applying coatings, e.g. radiation-absorbing, radiation-reflecting; by surface treatment, e.g. polishing
- F28F13/185—Heat-exchange surfaces provided with microstructures or with porous coatings
- F28F13/187—Heat-exchange surfaces provided with microstructures or with porous coatings especially adapted for evaporator surfaces or condenser surfaces, e.g. with nucleation sites
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
- F28F3/02—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
- F28F3/025—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being corrugated, plate-like elements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
- F28F3/02—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
- F28F3/025—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being corrugated, plate-like elements
- F28F3/027—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being corrugated, plate-like elements with openings, e.g. louvered corrugated fins; Assemblies of corrugated strips
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a plate and fin type heat exchanger comprising a surface texturizing interlayer and a method of manufacturing such a heat exchanger.
- the present invention finds particular application in the field of gas separation by cryogenics, in particular the separation of air by cryogenics (known by the acronym "ASU" for air separation unit) exploited for the production of oxygen gas under pressure.
- ASU air separation unit
- the present invention can be applied to a heat exchanger which vaporizes a liquid flow, for example liquid oxygen, nitrogen and / or argon by heat exchange with a caloric gas, by example air or nitrogen.
- the heat exchanger is in the tank of a distillation column, it can constitute a vaporizer operating as a thermosiphon for which the exchanger is immersed in a bath of liquid descending the column or a vaporizer operating in vaporization with a film fed directly by the liquid falling from the column and / or by a recirculation pump.
- the present invention can also be applied to a heat exchanger which vaporises at least one liquid-gas mixture flow rate, in particular a multi-component mixing flow rate, for example a mixture of hydrocarbons, by heat exchange with at least one another fluid, for example natural gas.
- a heat exchanger which vaporises at least one liquid-gas mixture flow rate, in particular a multi-component mixing flow rate, for example a mixture of hydrocarbons, by heat exchange with at least one another fluid, for example natural gas.
- the technology commonly used for a heat exchanger is that of plate and finned aluminum exchangers or brazed waves, which allow to obtain very compact devices with a large exchange surface.
- exchangers comprise separating plates between which are inserted heat exchange structures, generally corrugated structures or waves, formed of a succession of fins or wave legs, thus constituting a stack of passages for the different fluids to be put in heat exchange relationship.
- the performance of an exchanger is related to the heat exchange coefficient of the heat exchange structures in contact with the fluids.
- the heat exchange coefficient of a structure depends in particular on the nature of the material constituting it, the porosity of this material, its roughness and the flow regime of the fluids.
- porous or textured surface coatings can be made, forming reliefs on the surface of the structures, or creating such surface conditions by mechanical treatments or by etching.
- WO-A-2005/075920 discloses various techniques for deposition of porous coatings or texturing on the surface of a wave for a heat exchanger.
- brazed aluminum heat exchanger the constituent elements of the exchanger are bonded together by brazing with the use of a filler metal, called solder or brazing agent, the assembly being obtained by melting and diffusion of the brazing agent into the parts to be brazed, without melting them.
- Another possibility is to effect the texturing of the heat exchange structures after brazing these structures in the exchanger.
- WO-A-2004/10921 1 discloses a method of depositing a porous coating on the surface of a separator plate of a heat exchanger. In this case, there is no heat exchange structure brazed between the plates.
- the exchange structures also have a role of spacers. They contribute to the rigidity of the exchanger passages and to their compressive strength during vacuum brazing of the exchanger. It may then be necessary to arrange additional reinforcing bars in the passages and to double the thickness of the plates.
- the present invention aims to solve all or part of the problems mentioned above, including facilitating the manufacture of a heat exchanger plate type and brazed fins having exchange structures with improved thermal properties.
- the solution according to the invention is then a heat exchanger of the type with brazed plates and fins comprising a plurality of plates arranged parallel to each other so as to define a series of passages for the flow of a first fluid to be connected to heat exchange with at least one second fluid, at least one intermediate element being arranged in a passage formed between a first and a second plate and comprising:
- first assembly portion positioned against the first plate, said first assembly portion comprising a first pair of opposed secondary surfaces, one of the surfaces of the first pair of secondary surfaces being oriented towards the first plate side; and the other of the surfaces of the first pair of secondary surfaces is oriented on the side of the second plate,
- a plurality of fins or wave legs delimiting, within the passage, several channels for the flow of the first fluid, at least one fin or wave-leg having said surface texturing,
- said first assembly portion has the surface texturing on at least that of the secondary surfaces of the first pair oriented on the side of the first plate, and the first plate comprises a first pair of opposed primary surfaces and has the texturing surface on at least that of the primary surfaces oriented on the side of the intermediate element.
- the element of the invention may comprise one or more of the following technical characteristics:
- the first assembly portion has the surface texturing on the surface of the first pair oriented on the side of the second plate.
- the intermediate element has at least one second assembly portion positioned against the second plate, said second assembly portion comprising a second pair of opposite secondary surfaces, one of the secondary surfaces of the second pair being oriented towards the second the first plate and the other secondary surfaces of the second pair being oriented on the side of the second plate, the second assembly portion having the surface texturing on the surface of the second pair oriented on the side of the second plate.
- the second plate comprises a second pair of opposite primary surfaces, that of the primary surfaces oriented on the side of the intermediate element having, at least in part, surface texturing.
- At least one fin or wave leg comprises a third pair of opposed secondary surfaces, both of said surfaces of the third pair having surface texturing.
- the fins or wave legs succeed one another in a lateral direction and extend in the passage generally in a longitudinal direction which is parallel to the first and second plates and orthogonal to the lateral direction.
- the surface texturing is in the form of a porous structure having an open porosity of between 15 and 60%, preferably an open porosity of between 20 and 45%, by volume, or in the form of reliefs defining, in transverse section, cavities open on the surface of the first and second intermediate elements.
- a brazing agent is arranged between the first plate and the intermediate element and / or between the second plate and the intermediate element.
- the brazing agent is in the form of at least one coating layer arranged between the primary surface of the first plate oriented on the side of the intermediate element and the surface texturing and / or between the primary surface of the second plate oriented on the side of the intermediate element and surface texturing.
- the brazing agent has a thickness less than 300 miti, preferably between 50 and 200 prn.
- the intermediate element is assembled in the passage by assembling at least said first assembly portion with the first plate, said assembly being made by metallurgical bonding of the surface texturing present on that of the secondary surfaces of the first assembly portion oriented on the side of the first plate with the surface texturing present on that of the primary surfaces of the first plate oriented on the side of the intermediate element, said surface texturations being related directly between them or via a brazing agent.
- the passage has a global parallelepiped shape delimited by two longitudinal edges and two lateral edges, at least one closing bar extending in the height of the passage, defined as the distance between the first plate and the second plate measured in one direction perpendicular to the plates, along at least one of the longitudinal and lateral edges of the passage, the primary surfaces of the first and second plates oriented on the side of the intermediate element being free of surface texturing on their portions extending next to the closing bar.
- a brazing agent is arranged on the portions of the primary surfaces of the first and second plates oriented on the side of the intermediate member extending opposite the closure bar.
- the intermediate element has, before being assembled in the passage, a predetermined height, measured along a stacking direction perpendicular to the first and second plates, slightly greater than the height of the passage, defined as the distance between the first and second plate and the second plate measured in a stacking direction perpendicular to the plates.
- the invention relates to a method of manufacturing a brazed plate and fin type heat exchanger, said method comprising the following steps:
- first assembly portion comprising a first pair of opposing secondary surfaces of which one of the surfaces of the first pair is oriented on the side of the first plate and the first plate comprises a first pair of opposed primary surfaces, one of which is oriented on the side of the intermediate element,
- said secondary surface and said primary surface have at least one surface texturization in the form of a porous structure or reliefs formed on surfaces of the first plate and the intermediate element, the assembly of the first assembly portion with the first plate being made without brazing agent,
- said method further comprising the steps of:
- Figure 1 illustrates an example of a heat exchanger comprising a spacer element according to the invention
- Figure 2 illustrates an example of assembly of a spacer element according to the invention assembled to an exchanger plate
- Figures 3 and 4 illustrate a three-dimensional view and a cross-sectional view of a spacer element according to one embodiment of the invention
- Figures 5 and 6 illustrate different embodiments of a spacer element assembled between two heat exchanger plates.
- a heat exchanger comprises a stack of plates arranged parallel to one above the other with spacing and thus forming several series of parallelepipedal and flat shaped passages for the flow of a first fluid. and at least one second fluid to be in indirect heat exchange relationship via the plates.
- the first fluid comprises a refrigerant to be vaporized at least partially.
- Figure 1 schematically illustrates an example of passage 33 of a exchanger 1 of the evaporator-condenser type fed with liquid oxygen.
- This vaporizer-condenser vaporizes the liquid oxygen OL under low pressure (typically slightly higher than the atmospheric pressure) collected at the bottom of a column, by medium pressure nitrogen condensation (typically from 5 to 6 bars absolute) circulating in passages adjacent passages 33 (not shown) dedicated to the circulation of oxygen.
- the medium pressure nitrogen is most often taken in the gaseous state at the head of a medium pressure air distillation column to which the low pressure column mentioned above is connected. After passing and at least partial condensation in the vaporizer-condenser, this nitrogen is returned to the medium pressure column.
- the exchanger 1 can vaporize at least one liquid-gas mixture flow rate, in particular a multi-component mixing flow rate, for example a hydrocarbon mixture, by heat exchange with at least one other fluid, for example natural gas.
- the invention may relate to a method of heat exchange between a first fluid and at least a second fluid in a heat exchanger according to the invention, said first fluid flowing in the passage 33 at a lower pressure or equal to 5 bar, preferably a pressure of between 1 and 2 bar.
- All or part of the passages 33 of the exchanger 1 are provided with spacers 22 defining, within the passages 33, channels 26 for the circulation of liquid oxygen and can take different forms.
- the intermediate elements 22 may have corrugated shapes, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, and comprise wave legs 123 alternately connected by wave peaks 121 and wave bases 122.
- “Fins” the wave legs that connect the vertices and successive bases of the wave.
- the spacer elements 22 may take on other particular shapes defined according to the desired fluid flow characteristics. More generally, the term “fins” covers blades or other secondary surfaces of heat exchange, which extend between the primary surfaces of heat exchange, that is to say the plates of the heat exchanger, in the passages of the exchanger.
- the spacer elements 22 are generally brazed to the separator plates of the exchanger.
- the bonding can be carried out by vacuum brazing using a filler metal 30, referred to as solder or brazing agent, the assembly being obtained by melting and diffusion of brazing agent 30 in the parts to be soldered, c that is to say in the base metal, without melting them.
- Figure 2 is a partial view of an intermediate element 22 assembled to a first plate 6 adapted to define, in association with another second parallel plate 7 directly adjacent (not shown), a passage 33 of the exchanger 1.
- the intermediate element 22 and the plate 6 respectively comprise assembly portions 121, 60 intended to be assembled with each other.
- the assembly portions 121, 60 are positioned against each other, preferably with a small gap between them in order to interpose the brazing agent 30.
- the assembly portions 121, 60 may be those where the clearance between the parts 22, 6 is the smallest, typically the portions at which the parts 22, 6 are in contact with one another or in close contact, that is to say with a very weak game existing between all or part of said portions, one with the other.
- the intermediate element 22 comprises a plurality of fins or wave legs 123 configured to define, when the element 22 is mounted between the first plate 6 and the second plate 7, a plurality channels 26 of flow of the first fluid.
- the element 22 further comprises at least a first assembly portion 121 configured to be assembled with the first plate 6 and comprising a first pair of opposed secondary surfaces 121a, 121b, one 121a having secondary surfaces of the first pair being oriented on the side of the first plate 6 and the other 121 b of the secondary surfaces of the first pair being oriented on the side of the second plate 7 when the intermediate element 22 is in the mounted state.
- the intermediate element 22 further comprises at least one surface texturing 23 in the form of a porous structure or reliefs formed on a surface of the intermediate element 22.
- At least one surface texturing 23 is present on a surface of at least one fin or wavelength 123 of the intermediate element 22.
- the intermediate element may have one or more predetermined forms of surface texturization distributed over different areas of its surface, it being understood that a surface texturing may be carried out as well in the surface of the material constituting the intermediate element as it is deposited therein; that is to say, result from an addition of additional material on the surface of the intermediate element.
- said first assembly portion 121 has the surface texturing 23 on at least that 121 has secondary surfaces of the first pair oriented on the side of the first plate 6.
- the first plate 6 comprises a first pair of opposed primary surfaces 6a, 6b and has the surface texturing 23 on at least that 6b of the primary surfaces 6a, 6b oriented on the side of the intermediate element 22.
- the inventors of the present invention have demonstrated that for certain applications, the assembly of surface-textured intermediate elements could be carried out without particular preparation of the assembly portions and lead to satisfactory performance in terms of mechanical strength. This is the case especially when in operation, the channels 26 defined between the parts 22, 6 channel a first fluid whose pressure is relatively low, typically less than or equal to 5 bar, preferably a pressure of between 1 and 2 bar as is the case in the oxygen passages of the vaporizer-condenser previously described.
- the manufacturing process is simplified since the surface texturing 23 can be formed or deposited on the surface of the plate and of the intermediate element without requiring an additional step of masking or post-processing to eliminate the surface texturing of the portions to be assembled.
- the texturing is formed on the parts before assembly, which preserves the integrity of the matrix of the exchanger.
- the first assembly portion 121 has surface texturing 23 on the secondary surface 121b of the first pair oriented on the side of the second plate 7.
- the fins or legs 123 comprise a third pair of opposite secondary surfaces 123a, 123b.
- the first assembly portion 121 of the first intermediate element 221 is arranged between two successive fins or legs 123, the surface 121b oriented on the side of the second plate 7 having two ends each connected to a secondary surface 123a. each of the two wings or legs 123.
- both surfaces 123a, 123b of the third pair having surface texturing 23.
- two successive fins or legs 123 define between them a channel 26 whose wall formed by the first assembly portion, and the side walls, formed by the two fins 123, has internal surfaces with an exchange coefficient. improved thermal.
- the intermediate element 22 has at least a second assembly portion 122 configured to be assembled with the second plate 7, said second assembly portion 122 comprising a second pair of opposed secondary surfaces 122a, 122b , one 122a of the secondary surfaces of the second pair being oriented on the side of the first plate 6 and the other 122b surfaces side of the second pair being oriented towards the second plate 7.
- the second assembly portion 122 has the surface texturing 23 on its two secondary surfaces 122a, 122b of the second pair oriented on the side of the second plate 7.
- the second assembly portion 122 of the intermediate member 22 may be arranged between two fins or legs 123, the surface 122a of the second pair oriented on the side of the first plate 6 having two ends each connected to a secondary surface 123b of each of the two fins or legs 123, said surface 122a of the second pair and said secondary surfaces 123b having the surface texturing 23.
- the manufacturing process of the intermediate element is simplified since the surface texturing can be formed or deposited on all or almost all the surfaces of the intermediate element without the need for an additional step of masking or post-processing. treatment aimed at eliminating the surface texturing of the portions to be assembled.
- the surface texturing 23 is formed on all or almost all of the intermediate element 22.
- almost all of a surface or element means a portion representing at least 90%, preferably at least 95%, more preferably at least 98%. % of the area of that area or the total area of that element.
- the intermediate element 22 is a corrugated product comprising a succession of wave legs 123 alternately connected by wave-peaks 121 and wave-bases 122. At least one wave-peak 121 comprises a first assembly portion 121 according to the invention.
- FIG. 4 shows a cross-sectional view of a corrugated heat exchange structure 22.
- a plurality of wave legs 123 of elongate shape extend parallel to each other and generally in a so-called longitudinal direction z.
- the wave legs succeed one another in a lateral direction x, which is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction z, and are alternately connected by wave vertices 121 and wave bases 122.
- the wave peaks 121 and wave bases 122 are of planar shape and extend parallel to each other and perpendicular to the wave legs 123.
- the channels 26 for the first fluid which are formed between two successive wave legs and a vertex or a base arranged between said successive wave legs, and have a cross section of generally rectangular shape.
- Figure 4 illustrates a straight wave having flat surface wave legs 123.
- Other configurations of intermediate element 22 are of course conceivable, including perforated straight wave, partial offset wave, wave wave or herringbone ("herringbone" in English) configurations.
- FIG. 5 An element 22 according to Figure 4 is visible in Figures 5 or 6 in the assembled state, that is to say mounted between a first and a second plate 6, 7 directly adjacent forming a passage 33.
- the passage 33 is of generally parallelepipedal shape and configured to channel the first fluid parallel to the longitudinal direction z.
- the first fluid flows over the width of the passage 33, measured along the lateral direction x, between an inlet and an outlet of the passage 33 situated at two opposite ends along the length of the passage 33, measured along the longitudinal direction z .
- the wave legs 123 define in the passage 33 a plurality of channels 26 which extend parallel to the longitudinal direction z.
- the element 22 preferably extends over almost all, or even all, of the height of the passages, measured in a vertical direction y perpendicular to the plates 6, 7, of in order to be in contact or quasi-contact with the plates 6, 7.
- the wave peaks 121 and the wave bases 122 are arranged parallel to the plates 6, 7.
- the intermediate element 22 is arranged in the so-called "easyway" configuration in the passage 33, that is to say that the wave legs 123 extend generally in the direction of flow of the first fluid in the passage 33.
- the direction of flow of the first fluid is preferably vertical, the direction of flow may be upward or downward.
- an intermediate element 22 according to the invention in a zone 3 of a passage 33 of the exchanger in which the ascending oxygen penetrates, the intermediate element thus having on the surface porosities or reliefs multiplying the priming for the formation of the oxygen gas bubble OG.
- each wave vertex 121 comprises a first assembly portion 121 according to the invention.
- the surface 121a of the wave vertex positioned against the first plate 6 thus has at least one surface texturing 23.
- positioned against means an assembly portion juxtaposed to a plate, with or without clearance existing between all or part of the portion and the plate.
- each wave base 122 comprises a second assembly portion 122 configured to be assembled, in the assembled state, with the second plate 7.
- said second assembly portion comprises a second pair of opposed surfaces 122a, 122b, that 122b of the surfaces of the second pair oriented on the side of the second plate 7 having at least one surface texturing 23.
- each wave leg 123 comprises a third pair of opposed surfaces 123a, 123b, both of the surfaces 123a, 123b of the third having said surface texturing 23, preferably all or almost all of it.
- said first assembly portions 121, the fins or wave legs 123, and said second assembly portions 122 if present are monoblock, i. e. formed of a single piece.
- Figure 5 illustrates an example where all the wave legs 123 have at least one surface texturing on their two surfaces 123a, 123b. Each channel 26 thus has two side walls whose internal surfaces are intensified.
- the first assembly portion 121 also has the surface texturing 23 on the surface 121 b of the first pair positioned, in the mounted state, against the second plate 7.
- the second assembly portion 122 may also present the surface texturing 23 on the surface 122a of the second pair oriented, in the mounted state, on the side of the first plate 6. This makes it possible to maximize the area of surface texturing 23 present on the intermediate element 22 and therefore to maximize the heat transfer efficiency within the channels 26 delimited by the intermediate element.
- each channel 26 has an inner surface formed, in the mounted state, alternately by the surface 122a of a wave base 122 facing the first plate 6, the surface 6b of the first plate 6 oriented towards the wave base 122 and the respective surfaces 123a, 123b of the two wave legs 123 connected to the ends of said wave base 122, and by the surface 121b of a wave-top 121 facing the second plate 7, the surface 7a of the second plate 7 facing the wave-top 121 and the respective surfaces 123a, 123b of the two wave-legs 123 connected to the ends of said wave-top 121.
- the heat exchange is intensified within the channels 26.
- the corrugated product 22 has surface texturing 23 on all or substantially all of its surfaces.
- the corrugated product 22 can be formed from a flat product, such as a sheet or strip, having two opposite surfaces 22a, 22b. One and the other of these surfaces 22a, 22b has surface texturing 23. This product is then shaped mechanically, for example by a press tool, and then arranged in a passage of the exchanger.
- At least one surface texturing 23 is formed on one and the other of said opposite faces 22a, 22b.
- the opposite faces 22a, 22b on which the surface texturing 23 is formed have said texturing, in whole or almost all.
- the face 22a gives rise, after shaping, to the surfaces 121a, 123b, 122a of the corrugated product of FIG. 4.
- the face 22b gives rise, after shaping, to the surfaces 123a, 121b, 122b of the corrugated product of FIG. Figure 4.
- a face means a portion representing at least 90%, preferably at least 95%, preferably at least 98% of the surface of this face.
- all the surfaces of the product 22 located, in the assembled state, on the side of the second plate 7 and all the surfaces of the product 22 located, in the mounted state, on the side of the first plate 6, therefore have surface texturing 23.
- the corrugated product 22 is preferably formed from a flat product, such as a sheet or strip, having a thickness of at least 0.15 mm, preferably between 0.2 and 0.4 mm. This thickness is indicated by the letter "t" in FIG. 3.
- the implementation of surface texturing 23 requires large thermal fluxes, particularly when the function of the surface texturing 23 is to intensify the boiling of the first fluid. It is therefore advantageous to use a relatively thick spacer element in order to maintain the largest possible fin coefficient, that is to say a better ability of the fins to transmit heat.
- the heat exchange coefficient of the intermediate element is then preserved by increasing its thickness.
- the fin coefficient is a number typically between 0 and 1, the latter being equal to 1 at the point of contact with an adjacent plate and decreasing on the fin when moving away from the plate.
- the point in the middle of the fin is the point where the fin coefficient is the lowest.
- the corrugated product 22 has a density, defined as the number of legs per unit length measured along the lateral direction x, less than 18 legs per 2.54 centimeters, preferably less than 10 legs. wave by 2.54 centimeters, more preferably less than or equal to 5 legs per 2.54 cm.
- the density can be between 1 and 5 legs per 2.54 centimeters. It should be noted that these density values are applicable to an intermediate element which is not necessarily a corrugated product, the fins succeeding one another in the lateral direction x and the density then being defined as the number of fins per unit length, measured following the lateral direction x.
- the use of a relatively low density facilitates the deposition phase of the surface texturing on the fins or legs of wave, their surface being more accessible.
- the use of a spacer element of lower density facilitates the removal of bubbles created in the surface texturing.
- the spacer element 22 comprises a solid substrate, or otherwise a solid substrate, in particular a non-porous substrate, on which the texturing 23 is formed.
- the substrate is visible in black in FIGS. 5 or 6, for example.
- the substrate may comprise one or more first and / or second assembly portions, the fins or wave legs.
- the surface texturing 23 covers all or almost all of the substrate.
- the intermediate element is preferably monobloc, that is to say formed of a single piece.
- the surface texturing 23 can result from a surface coating deposited on the element or from a modification of the surface state of said parts element obtained by a chemical, mechanical or equivalent treatment, for example by sanding, grooving, etc.
- the texturing 23 is intended to modify the surface state of the intermediate element and not to deform all or part of the intermediate element.
- the surface texturing 23 may result from a surface coating deposited on the substrates of the spacer elements, in particular a coating deposited by a liquid route, in particular by dipping, spraying or electrolytically, by the dry route, in particular by deposition.
- a surface coating deposited on the substrates of the spacer elements in particular a coating deposited by a liquid route, in particular by dipping, spraying or electrolytically, by the dry route, in particular by deposition.
- CVD Chemical Vapor Deposition
- CVD Physical Vapor Deposition
- thermal spraying in particular by flame or plasma.
- the surface texturing is formed from aluminum or an aluminum alloy comprising, for 100% of its mass, at least 80% by weight of aluminum, preferably at least 90%, more preferably at least 80% by weight. less than 99% aluminum.
- the surface texturing 23 is in the form of a porous structure, preferably a porous layer.
- the porous structure may for example be formed of a deposition of slightly sintered aluminum particles, entangled aluminum filaments, semi-fused aluminum particles bonded to each other, such as aluminum particles which are obtained after projection that is obtained by flame thermal projection.
- the surface texturing 23 has, before assembly of the intermediate element, an open porosity of between 15 and 60%, preferably between 20 and 45%, more preferably an initial open porosity of between 25 and 35% ( % in volume).
- the open porosity is defined as the ratio between the volume of the open pores, that is to say the pores communicating fluidly with the external environment in which the intermediate element in question is located, and the total volume of the porous structure.
- the pores of the porous structure 23 preferably have a diameter of between 1 and 200 microns, preferably between 5 and 100 microns. Being noted that pores are not necessarily circular in section but can present irregular shapes.
- the term "diameter” therefore also covers an equivalent hydraulic diameter which can be calculated from the measurement of the pressure drop experienced by a gas flow through the porous structure and by assuming that the pores have a regular shape, in particular a spherical shape, cylindrical, ...
- the pores of the porous structure 23 have a volume of between 1000 and 1000 000 pm 3 .
- the pore volume may for example be determined by tomography or image analysis of polished sections of samples taken in a multitude of directions in space.
- the surface texturing 23 may be in the form of reliefs, or patterns, printed or made in or on the surface of the substrate material material of a spacer element.
- these reliefs define, in cross section, cavities open on the surface of the element.
- micro-reliefs or different size or morphology such as grooves, discrete or uninterrupted, streaks, protuberances, ... may be formed or deposited on the surface of the element.
- the reliefs forming the surface texturing 23 may be made by laser or mechanical and / or chemical machining.
- micro-reliefs are meant reliefs which have at least one small characteristic dimension with respect to a dimension of the element, in particular reliefs which extend a height, measured in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the element insert having the texturing, and / or a width, measured in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the interlayer having the texturing, of the order of a few micrometers and several hundred micrometers.
- the intermediate element 22 can be assembled at least to the first plate 6, preferably to the first and second plates 6, 7 by brazing.
- the assembly of the intermediate element 22 with the plates 6, 7 is obtained by melting and diffusion of the brazing agent 30 within the textures, and possibly the base metal, of the element. interlayer and plates.
- the textures of the interlayer and The plates are thus metallurgically bonded via the brazing agent 30.
- brazing between the first and second assembly portions 121, 122 of the intermediate element and the plates 6, 7 is made in the context of the overall brazing of the matrix of the exchanger.
- the stack of plates, the intermediate elements and the other constituent elements of the heat exchanger are pressed against each other by means of a compression device.
- the matrix thus formed is placed in a vacuum oven and heated to temperatures between 550 and 650 ° C, preferably of the order of 580 to 600 ° C.
- the compression force applied to the matrix is generally of the order of 20000 to 40000 N / m 2 .
- the plates 6, 7 of the exchanger are rolled plates comprising a central sheet 40, each face of which is coated with a layer of brazing agent 30.
- a layer of brazing agent 30 An example of such a plate 6 is illustrated in FIG.
- the brazing agent 30 may take the form of a strip or a surface coating layer 30.
- the coating layer 30 may be deposited by spraying or by brushing brazing agent 30 in the form of a powder suspension containing the powder, a dispersant, a binder, additives for controlling the viscosity.
- the brazing agent 30 is preferably formed of a metallic material having a lower melting temperature than the materials constituting the parts 6, 22.
- the parts 6, 22 and 30 are preferably formed of aluminum alloy.
- the plates 6 and the elements 22 of the exchanger are advantageously formed of a first aluminum alloy of the 3XXX family, preferably of the 3003 type (ASME SB-2019 SECTION 2-B).
- the brazing agent 30 is formed of a second aluminum alloy, preferably an alloy of the 4XXX type (ASME SB-2019 SECTION 2-B), in particular of the 4004 type.
- the first and second plates 6, 7 respectively comprise first and second pairs of opposed primary surfaces 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b.
- the first and second plates 6, 7 have, at least on the portions of their surfaces primary 6b, 7a extending opposite the element 22, the surface texturing 23.
- each of the first and second plates 6, 7 forms with another adjacent plate another fluid passage (not shown).
- Other intermediate elements 22 are also arranged in these other passages according to the invention.
- the primary surfaces 6a, 7b of the first and second plates oriented on the side of these other elements and extending facing said other elements also have at least one surface texturing.
- the first and second plates 6, 7 respectively have a brazing agent 30 in the form of a coating layer arranged between the primary surface 6b of the first plate 6 oriented on the side of the intermediate element 22 and the texturing surface formed on said primary surface 6b, a brazing agent 30 in the form of a coating layer arranged on the primary surface 7a of the second plate 7 oriented on the side of the intermediate element 22 and the surface texturing 23 on said primary surface 7a.
- the brazing agent 30 has a thickness of less than 300 miti, preferably between 50 and 200 ⁇ m.
- the solder could change the microstructure of the coating or surface texturing and therefore its performance filling the porosities or cavities or promoting closure of the open porosity of the intensified surface element.
- the height of the element 22 can be adapted to the height of the passage 33 so that there is a set of a predetermined value, as indicated by the reference "d" in FIG. 6, between the wave peaks 121 and the first plate 6 and between the wave bases 122 and the second plate 7.
- a predetermined value as indicated by the reference "d" in FIG. 6
- the solder can modify the microstructure of the surface texturing by filling the pores or cavities present on the surface.
- the clearance d is between 0 and 0.1 mm, preferably between 0 and 0.05 mm.
- the intermediate element 22 can be assembled at least to the first plate 6, not by soldering, but by metallurgical bonding obtained directly between the surface texturing 23 present on the one 121 secondary surfaces of the first assembly portion 121 oriented on the side of the first plate 6 and the surface texturing 23 has on that 6b of the primary surfaces of the first plate 6 oriented on the side of the intermediate element 22.
- the inventors of the present invention have demonstrated that by contacting surface texturing portions of the intermediate element and the adjacent plate, they could bind together because of their heating to strong temperature combined with the effect of the compressive force exerted during vacuum brazing of the entire exchanger.
- This method of assembly is particularly advantageous when the passages 33 are not put under overpressure, or at a low pressure, that is to say less than or equal to 5 bar, during operation of the exchanger, the requirements in terms of mechanical strength of the exchanger then being less important.
- the direct metallurgical bond can be achieved by a texturing sintering process leading to their densification by diffusion of material.
- the direct metallurgical bond can be achieved by a metal interdiffusion process, also known as diffusion bonding, which leads to the bonding of texturations to one another by mutual diffusion of material.
- connection can be made between the surface texturing 23 present on that 122b of the secondary surfaces of the second assembly portion 122 oriented on the side of the second plate 7 and the surface texturing 23 present on that 7a of the primary surfaces.
- the second plate 7 oriented on the side of the intermediate element 22.
- the primary surfaces 6b, 7a of the first and second plates 6, 7 oriented on the side of the intermediate element 22 are free of brazing agent 30 on their portions extending opposite said intermediate element 22 .
- the direct metallurgical bond between the first and second assembly portions 121, 122 of the intermediate element and the plates 6, 7 is made in the context of the overall brazing of the matrix of the exchanger.
- the stack of plates, the intermediate elements and the other constituent elements of the heat exchanger are pressed against each other by means of a compression device.
- Contact areas are thus formed between at least a first plate and one or more first assembly portions of the intermediate elements and / or between at least a second plate and one or more second assembly portions of the intermediate elements.
- the matrix thus formed is placed in a vacuum oven and heated to temperatures between 550 and 650 ° C, preferably between 580 and 600 ° C.
- the compression force applied to the matrix is preferably between 20000 and 40000 N / m 2 .
- the matrix is subjected to a thermal brazing cycle with a total duration of between 10 and 30 hours.
- a thermal cycle with which surface texturations can be metallurgically bonded directly to each other consists of a first temperature ramp corresponding to a gradual rise in temperature up to the solidus temperature of alloy 4004, ie 565 ° C, in 4h43min, holding at a temperature above 565 ° C for 3h30min and a second temperature ramp corresponding to a gradual change in temperature from 565 ° C to 585 ° C for a duration of 2h30min.
- the passage 33 has the shape of a parallelepiped delimited by two longitudinal edges and two lateral edges. Closure bars are arranged between the first and second plates and extend along each edge of the passage so as to seal it over its entire height and to ensure its sealing. The mechanical strength of the stack of plates is ensured by brazing the plates with the closing bars.
- the intermediate element 22 has, before being assembled in the passage 33, a predetermined height h, measured in a stacking direction y perpendicular to the plates 6, 7, slightly greater than the height H of the passage 33.
- the height h of the intermediate element 22 is greater than that H of the passage 33 by a multiplying factor of between 1.11 and 1.07.
- Figures 5 and 6 show a closing bar 16 which extends into the height H of the passage 33 along a longitudinal edge.
- the primary surfaces 6b, 7a of the first and second plates 6, 7 oriented on the side of the intermediate element 22 are free of surface texturing 23 on their portions extending opposite the closure bar 16.
- An agent solder 30 is arranged between said portions and the closing bar 16.
- the closure bar can be brazed more firmly to the plates 6, 7, which provides greater mechanical strength to the exchanger.
- the surface texturing 23 is modified at said first assembly portion 121 and the respective portion 60 of the plate 6 positioned against the first assembly portion 121.
- at least part of the surface texturing 23 is infiltrated by the brazing agent 30 at the assembly portions 220, 60. This effect is related to the strength of the solder. compression applied to the soldered parts and the solder of the solder 30 in the texturing
- the open porosity or the cavities of the surface texturing 23 may be wholly or partly filled by the brazing agent 30 or by mutual interleaving of texturations at the level of the first assembly portion 121 and the portion respective 60 of the plate 6.
- the surface texturing 23 has at the level of the first assembly portion 121 and the respective portion 80 of the plate 8, a residual open porosity of between 0% and 90%. %, preferably between 10% and 50%, of the initial open porosity, that is to say before formation of the bond (0% indicating that the initial open porosity is completely filled following the brazing or the direct bond) .
- the surface texturing 23 may have before bonding, at the assembly portions 220, 60, an initial volume of pores or open cavities. After bonding, the surface texturing 23, at the level of the first assembly portion 121 and the respective portion 60 of the plate 6, a residual volume of pores or open cavities representing from 0% to 90%, preferably from 10% to 50%, of the initial volume of pores or open cavities.
- the surface texturing 23 is retained in-debors of the first assembly portion 121 and the respective portion 60 of the plate 6.
- the surface texturing 23 has, outside the portions of assembly 121, 60, an open porosity identical or nearly identical to the initial open porosity and / or a pore volume or open cavities identical or almost identical to the initial volume of pore or open cavities.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1762417A FR3075339B1 (fr) | 2017-12-19 | 2017-12-19 | Echangeur de chaleur avec elements et plaques a texturation de surface |
| PCT/FR2018/053333 WO2019122655A1 (fr) | 2017-12-19 | 2018-12-17 | Echangeur de chaleur avec elements et plaques a texturation de surface |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3728977A1 true EP3728977A1 (fr) | 2020-10-28 |
| EP3728977B1 EP3728977B1 (fr) | 2021-08-04 |
Family
ID=61132752
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP18833697.8A Active EP3728977B1 (fr) | 2017-12-19 | 2018-12-17 | Echangeur de chaleur avec elements et plaques a texturation de surface |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP3728977B1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3075339B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2019122655A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR3114378B1 (fr) * | 2020-09-18 | 2022-12-23 | Higel Francois | Système de chauffage solaire |
| CN112696949A (zh) * | 2020-12-29 | 2021-04-23 | 江苏卓然恒泰低温科技有限公司 | 一种铝制板翅式换热器两相流均布装置 |
| JP7587174B2 (ja) * | 2023-03-31 | 2024-11-20 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | 熱交換器及び熱交換器の製造方法 |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5514248A (en) * | 1990-08-20 | 1996-05-07 | Showa Aluminum Corporation | Stack type evaporator |
| FR2834783B1 (fr) * | 2002-01-17 | 2004-06-11 | Air Liquide | Ailette d'echange thermique, son procede de fabrication et echangeur de chaleur correspondant |
| US20040251008A1 (en) | 2003-05-30 | 2004-12-16 | O'neill Patrick S. | Method for making brazed heat exchanger and apparatus |
| FR2865027B1 (fr) | 2004-01-12 | 2006-05-05 | Air Liquide | Ailette pour echangeur de chaleur et echangeur de chaleur muni de telles ailettes |
| CN102322765A (zh) * | 2011-09-19 | 2012-01-18 | 无锡市冠云换热器有限公司 | 一种具有球形凹凸的矩形波状翅片 |
| JP6225042B2 (ja) * | 2014-02-14 | 2017-11-01 | 住友精密工業株式会社 | プレートフィン熱交換器、及び、熱交換器用コルゲートフィンの製造方法 |
-
2017
- 2017-12-19 FR FR1762417A patent/FR3075339B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2018
- 2018-12-17 EP EP18833697.8A patent/EP3728977B1/fr active Active
- 2018-12-17 WO PCT/FR2018/053333 patent/WO2019122655A1/fr not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3075339B1 (fr) | 2019-11-22 |
| EP3728977B1 (fr) | 2021-08-04 |
| FR3075339A1 (fr) | 2019-06-21 |
| WO2019122655A1 (fr) | 2019-06-27 |
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