EP3697892A1 - The method of silage pre-treatment process, in particular maize silage, and consortium of microorganisms for pre-treatment of silage, in particular maize silage - Google Patents

The method of silage pre-treatment process, in particular maize silage, and consortium of microorganisms for pre-treatment of silage, in particular maize silage

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Publication number
EP3697892A1
EP3697892A1 EP18845420.1A EP18845420A EP3697892A1 EP 3697892 A1 EP3697892 A1 EP 3697892A1 EP 18845420 A EP18845420 A EP 18845420A EP 3697892 A1 EP3697892 A1 EP 3697892A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
silage
microorganisms
accelerator
level
consortium
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP18845420.1A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Wojciech CZEKALA
Jacek DACH
Damian JANCZAK
Andrzej LEWICKI
Miroslaw MICHALAK
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
DYNAMIC BIOGAS ENERGY SPOLKA Z OGRANICZONAODPOWIEDZIALNOSCIA
Original Assignee
Dynamic Biogas Spolka Z Ograniczona Odpowiedzialnoscia Spolka Komandytowa
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dynamic Biogas Spolka Z Ograniczona Odpowiedzialnoscia Spolka Komandytowa filed Critical Dynamic Biogas Spolka Z Ograniczona Odpowiedzialnoscia Spolka Komandytowa
Publication of EP3697892A1 publication Critical patent/EP3697892A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N1/00—Microorganisms; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
    • C12N1/20—Bacteria; Culture media therefor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K30/00—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K30/10—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs of green fodder
    • A23K30/15—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs of green fodder using chemicals or microorganisms for ensilaging
    • A23K30/18—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs of green fodder using chemicals or microorganisms for ensilaging using microorganisms or enzymes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P5/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbons
    • C12P5/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbons acyclic
    • C12P5/023—Methane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel

Definitions

  • silage pre-treatment process in particular maize silage
  • consortium of microorganisms for pre-treatment of silage in particular maize silage
  • the subject of the invention is a method for silage pre-treatment process, in particular maize silage and consortium of microorganisms for pre-treatment silage, especially maize silage.
  • the invention is intended for use in biogas plants.
  • Allowable OLR is 6.5 kg ODM ⁇ nr 3 , and maximum dry matter content is at the level of 12% (upper limit of inflowability for typical pumps).
  • the gaseous hydrolysis products mainly C0 2 and H 2
  • the accelerator feeding and transferring the batch in the form of mechanically shredded plant material based on the silages is performed with a help of a flood basket on a regular basis, preferably in portions, wherein each batch portion has the same temperature as pulp temperature in the accelerator, moreover the accelerator is inoculated with a liquid fraction of digestate which is fed from the main fermentation tank, whereby carbon dioxide and hydrogen emitted in the accelerator during biochemical transformations of fermentation process are administered using the pump directly to the main fermentation tank.
  • the batch portions are administered systematically at couple-of-hours intervals.
  • the batch portions are given as that the exchange cycle of the entire active volume of the accelerator closes depending on the used substrate from 16 hours up to 3 days. Maintaining in the fermenting pulp of a consortium of microorganisms, the structure of which is expressed by a specific percentage of individual microorganisms, determines the obtainment of optimal conditions for the course of the pre-treatment of the silage.
  • the consortium of microorganisms occurring in a fermentation reactor operating in standard technology is known and includes: Firmicutes 42% and Bacterioidetes 40%. At the class level expressed by the following percentage share of individual microorganisms: Clostridia 40%, Bacteroidia 40%, The remaining, occurring in the standard pulp in residual amounts, but present in the bioaccelerator are Bacilli 1%, Alphaproteobacteria 1%, Gammaproteobacteria 1%, Betaprotobacteria 1%, Acinobacteria 1%, Flavobacteria ⁇ 0.5%, Cloacamonae 4%, Verrucomicrobiae 2.3%.
  • consortium of microorganisms of a standard pulp has a structure at the row level expressed by the following percentage of individual microorganisms Bacteriodales 40%, Clostridiales 35%, Cloacamonales 4%.
  • the remaining residual in the standard pulp, but present in the bioacclerator are Lactobacillales ⁇ 1%, Bifidobacteriales ⁇ 1%, Rhodspiriales ⁇ 1%, Bacillales ⁇ 0.5%, Actinomycetales ⁇ 0.5%, Byrkholderiales ⁇ 0.5%.
  • the indicated value range of the percentage content of individual microorganisms in the fermentation reactor is representative for known technologies implemented in the biogas plants.
  • the purpose of the invention is to achieve the effect of more efficient fermentation, resulting in more biogas produced from the same mass of the substrate.
  • Another purpose of the invention is the possibility of shortening the duration of the fermentation process.
  • slurry is used as the liquid material, which is mixed with a silage for grinding in a macerator.
  • a liquid material which is fed to the macerator, where it is mechanically mixed with the crushed silage, the liquid fraction of the digestate pulp is used.
  • water is used as a liquid material, which is mixed with maize silage for mechanical grinding in a macerator.
  • advantageous mixing is carried out by means of a centrifugal agitator in the propeller.
  • the essence of a consortium of microorganisms for silage pre-treatment, especially maize silage, is a structure that at the type level contains: Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria and Bacterioidetes, while on the level class includes: Clostridia, Bacteroidia, Bacilli, Alphaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Betaprotobacteria, Acinobacteria, Flavobacteria, Cloacamonae, Verrucomicrobiae, wherein the structure at the row level contains: Lactobacillales, Bifidobacteriales, Rhodspiriales, Bacillales, Actinomycetales, Byrkholderiales, Clostridiales, Bacteriodales and Cloacamonales are characterized by that its structure at the type level is expressed in the following proportion the percentage of individual microorganisms: Firmicutes 50-65%, Actinobacteria 5-25%, Proteobacteria 2-2
  • Preferred effects of the invention are the increase of the efficiency of biogas production by 10-30% and obtaining a few percentage points higher methane content in biogas.
  • Other beneficial effects are better attenuation, reduced content of undegraded dry fraction in a product, which makes the use of a solid fraction separator unnecessary, moreover the fermentation time is significantly shortened from 75-50 days for typical type installations NaWaRo up to 15-22 days.
  • there were applied working parameters and the composition of the consortium of microorganisms allows to obtain sanitation effect - due to the low pH in the accelerator, most of the pathogens are destroyed (pathogenic bacteria like coli, salmonella, parasites eggs, etc.).
  • the method according to the invention will be explained in details in first and second example.
  • a consortium according to the invention will be presented in more detail by means of third and fourth example of implementation.
  • silage maize is taken directly from the tray and fed into the macerator, where it is mixed with the liquid material, which is slurry, and mechanically shredded, and in cases of temporary lack of its availability, the liquid material is supplemented with liquid fraction of digestate pulp.
  • the obtained mixture is transferred to the biotechnological accelerator in portions every 2 hours with a 24-hour cycle of active volume exchange, where the temperature is maintained at 39 °C.
  • the accelerator maintains an acidic environment with a pH of approx. 3.9, supporting the occurrence of biochemical transformations in the fermentation process, in particular hydrolysis and acidogenesis processes, preferably also acetateogenesis.
  • Acidification process in the accelerator is achieved by overloading the accelerator chamber with dry organic mass of the substrate within 55 kg ⁇ m 3 ⁇ d '1 maintaining the content of dry matter in the stock at the level of 16%.
  • the mentioned consortium of microorganisms has a structure at the class level expressed by the following percentage of individual microorganisms: Clostridia ⁇ 30%, Bacteroidia ⁇ 30%, Bacilli 5-50%, Alphaproteobacteria 2-10%, Gammaproteobacteria 2-8%, Betaprotobacteria 2-5%, Acinobacteria 5-25%, Flavobacteria 1-3%, Cloacamonae ⁇ 1%, Verrucomicrobiae ⁇ 1%.
  • consortium at the row level has a structure expressed by the following percentage share of individual microorganisms: Lactobacillales 15-45%, Bifidobacteriales 5-25%, Rhodspiriales 2-8%, Bacillales 1-5%, Actinomycetales 1-5%, Byrkholderiales 1-8%, Clostridiales ⁇ 25%, Bacteriodales ⁇ 30%, Cloacamonales ⁇ 2%.
  • Biotechnological transformations (hydrolysis, acidogenesis and preferably acetateogenesis) are carried out in a very dynamic way through unique consortium of microorganisms.
  • the use of the accelerator allows creation very favorable conditions for the occurrence of the combined hydrolysis and acidogenesis so very prominently allows to shorten HRT (hydraulic retention time) up to 40%. This allows to reduce the size of installation, or increase in biogas and biomethane efficiency of each installation due to the greater number of the substrates that can be processed by a particular installation.
  • the use of the accelerator allows to obtain a post-fermentation pulp with a higher of processing degree with lower dry content mass on the level below 3%, lower level of COD and BOD.
  • liquid material instead of liquid manure will be whey, digestate liquid fraction or water.
  • liquid material instead of liquid manure will be whey, digestate liquid fraction or water.
  • the correct course of the method according to this embodiment is of no great importance when instead of the maize silage will be processed from maize from pre-treatment addition of other types of biomass or grass silage.
  • maize silage is taken from the tray and fed to the macerator, where it is mixed with a slurry as a liquid material and mechanically shredded.
  • the resulting mixture passes to the biotechnological accelerator in portions every 4 hours at 32-hour cycle of active volume replacement, where the temperature is maintained at 41°C.
  • the accelerator maintains an acidic environment with a pH of approx. 4.3 supporting the occurrence of biochemical transformations in the fermentation process, in particular hydrolysis and acidogenesis processes, and preferably also acetateogenesis.
  • Acidification process in the accelerator is achieved due to overloading the accelerator chamber with fresh substrate mass within 20%. Big availability of readily decomposable substances contributes to the drop in pH below methanogenesis range (lower pH limit when methane production stops is 6.8).
  • Inhibiting methanogenesis - and thus no processing acetic acid to methane contributes to the further acidification of the reactor, which promotes hydrolysis and acidogenesis.
  • Carbon dioxide and hydrogen (in small amount) emitted in the accelerator during the biochemical changes of the hydrolysis process are administered to the main fermentation tank.
  • Obtaining the optimal conditions for the course of the silage pre-treatment method is to keep in the pulp from the accelerator a consortium of microorganisms whose structure at the type level is expressed by the following percentage of individual microorganisms: Firmicutes 50-65%, Actinobacteria 5-25%, Proteobacteria 2-20%, Bacterioidetes ⁇ 30%.
  • This consortium of microorganisms has a structure at the class level expressed by the following individual percentage of microorganisms: Clostridia ⁇ 30%, Bacteroidia ⁇ 30%, Bacilli 5-50%, Alphaproteobacteria 2-10%, Gammaproteobacteria 2-8%, Betaprotobacteria 2-5%, Acinobacteria 5-25%, Flavobacteria 1-3%, Cloacamonae ⁇ 1%, Verrucomicrobiae ⁇ 1%.
  • Biotechnological transformations (hydrolysis, acidogenesis and preferably acetateogenesis) are carried out in a very dynamic way through unique consortium of microorganisms.
  • the use of the accelerator allows creation very favorable conditions for the combined hydrolysis and phase acidogenesis, which in a very clear way allows to shorten the HRT (hydraulic retention time) up to 40%. This allows to reduce the size of installation, or an increase in biogas and biomethane efficiency of each installation due to the greater number of the substrates that can be processed by the given installation.
  • the use of the accelerator allows to obtain a post-fermentation pulp with a better degree of processing, with a lower content of dry mass on the level below 3%, lower level of COD and BOD.
  • liquid material instead of liquid manure will be whey, liquid fraction of digestate or water.
  • liquid fraction of digestate or water For the correct course of the method according to this embodiment is of no great importance when instead maize silage pre-treatment will be subjected to maize silage with addition of other types of biomass or grass silage.
  • a consortium of microorganisms for silage pre-treatment, especially maize silage, according to an exemplary realization of the invention has a structure on the type level expressed as the percentage of each individual microorganisms: Firmicutes 50%, Actinobacteria 5%, Proteobacteria 2%, Bacterioidetes 1%.
  • the consortium has a structure at the class level expressed the following percentage of individual microorganisms: Clostridia 1%, Bacteroidia 1%, Bacilli 5%, Alphaproteobacteria 2%, Gammaproteobacteria 2%, Betaprotobacteria 2%, Acinobacteria 5%, Flavobacteria 1%, Cloacamonae ⁇ 0.1%, Verrucomicrobiae ⁇ 0.1%.
  • said row-based consortium of microorganisms has a structure expressed as the percentage of each individual microorganisms: Lactobacillales 15%, Bifidobacteriales 5%, Rhodspiriales 2%, Bacillales 1%, Actinomycetales 1%, Byrkholderiales 1%, Clostridiales ⁇ 5%, Bacteriodales ⁇ 1%, Cloacamonales 0.1%.
  • the consortium can be grown laboratory and intended for inoculation of the accelerator - in order acceleration of processes taking place in a biogas plant, regardless of this receiving and keeping such a consortium in pulp from the accelerator microorganisms is a marker indicating the obtainment of correct ones conditions of the processes taking place in the biogas plant.
  • a consortium of microorganisms for silage pre-treatment, especially maize silage, according to another exemplary realization of the invention has a structure at the type level expressed by the following percentage individual microorganisms: Firmicutes 65%, Actinobacteria 25%, Proteobacteria 20%, Bacterioidetes 30%.
  • the consortium has a structure at the level class expressed by the following individual percentage microorganisms: Clostridia 30%, Bacteroidia 30%, Bacilli 50%, Alphaproteobacteria 10%, Gammaproteobacteria 8%, Betaprotobacteria 5%, Acinobacteria 25%, Flavobacteria 3%, Cloacamonae 1%, Verrucomicrobiae 1%.
  • the consortium at row level has the structure expressed as follows percentage of individual microorganisms: Lactobacillales 45%, Bifidobacteriales 25%, Rhodspiriales 8%, Bacillales 5%, Actinomycetales 5%, Byrkholderiales 8%, Clostridiales 25%, Bacteriodales 30%, Cloacamonales 2%.
  • the consortium can be laboratory-grown and intended for accelerating the accelerator in order to accelerate the processes taking place in biogas plant, and regardless of it, receiving and keeping pulp from the accelerator such a consortium of microorganisms is an indication of obtaining correct conditions of the processes taking place in the biogas plant.

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Abstract

A consortium of microorganisms intended for silage pre-treatment, especially maize silage, has a structure that at the type level is expressed by the following percentage of individual microorganisms: Firmicutes 50-65%, Actinobacteria 5-25%, Proteobacteria 2- 20% and Bacterioidetes <30%, wherein the microorganism consortium has a structure on a class level expressed by the following percentage of the individual microorganisms: Clostridia <30%, Bacteroidia <30%, Bacilli 5-50%, Alphaproteobacteria 2-10%, Gammaproteobacteria 2-8%, Betaprotobacteria 2-5%, Acinobacteria 5-25%, Flavobacteria 1-3%, Cloacamonae <1%, Verrucomicrobiae <1%, whereby the microorganism consortium has a row-level structure expressed as the percentage of each individual microorganisms: Lactobacillales 15-45%, Bifidobacteriales 5-25%, Rhodspiriales 2-8%, Bacillales 1-5%, Actinomycetales 1-5%, Byrkholderiales 1-8%, Clostridiales <25%, Bacteriodales <30%, Cloacamonales <2%.

Description

The method of silage pre-treatment process, in particular maize silage, and consortium of microorganisms for pre-treatment of silage, in particular maize silage
The subject of the invention is a method for silage pre-treatment process, in particular maize silage and consortium of microorganisms for pre-treatment silage, especially maize silage. The invention is intended for use in biogas plants.
The vast majority of agricultural biogas plants operated in Europe conducts fermentation without a separate hydrolysis stage. All, consecutive but also mutually penetrating stages of the methane fermentation process such as hydrolysis, acidogenesis, acetateogenesis and methanogenesis are conducted jointly, and the most important, impassable process parameters are pH> 6.8, dry matter content up to 12%, daily organic loading rate (OLR) is a maximum 5.5 kg of dry organic matter (ODM) ■ nr3 of fermentation reactor capacity. A small part of agricultural biogas plants in Europe is also equipped with separated hydrolysers, where the most important, non-transferable process parameters are pH 5.2-6.8 (preferably 5.6-6.2) with acceptable minimum pH of 5.0. Allowable OLR is 6.5 kg ODM ■ nr3, and maximum dry matter content is at the level of 12% (upper limit of inflowability for typical pumps). In all used hydrolysers, the gaseous hydrolysis products (mainly C02 and H2) are forwarded outside into the atmosphere (usually via a filter). The maintenance in the pulp from the accelerator of a consortium of microorganisms, whose structure is expressed in a specific percentage of individual microorganisms, determines the achievement of optimal conditions for the course of the silage pre-treatment process.
From the description of the invention to the Polish application number P.412972, it is known a way how to increase the energy efficiency in a biogas plant where the main fermentation tank is fed with a pulp directly from the accelerator chamber, wherein in the accelerator the acidic environment is maintained at a pH below 5, and preferably pH 4, supporting the occurrence of biochemical transformations of fermentation process, and in particular the hydrolysis and acidogenesis processes, preferably also acetateogenesis.
The accelerator feeding and transferring the batch in the form of mechanically shredded plant material based on the silages, is performed with a help of a flood basket on a regular basis, preferably in portions, wherein each batch portion has the same temperature as pulp temperature in the accelerator, moreover the accelerator is inoculated with a liquid fraction of digestate which is fed from the main fermentation tank, whereby carbon dioxide and hydrogen emitted in the accelerator during biochemical transformations of fermentation process are administered using the pump directly to the main fermentation tank. According to another advantageous feature of the invention during the feeding of accelerator, the batch portions are administered systematically at couple-of-hours intervals. When feeding the accelerator, the batch portions are given as that the exchange cycle of the entire active volume of the accelerator closes depending on the used substrate from 16 hours up to 3 days. Maintaining in the fermenting pulp of a consortium of microorganisms, the structure of which is expressed by a specific percentage of individual microorganisms, determines the obtainment of optimal conditions for the course of the pre-treatment of the silage.
The consortium of microorganisms occurring in a fermentation reactor operating in standard technology is known and includes: Firmicutes 42% and Bacterioidetes 40%. At the class level expressed by the following percentage share of individual microorganisms: Clostridia 40%, Bacteroidia 40%, The remaining, occurring in the standard pulp in residual amounts, but present in the bioaccelerator are Bacilli 1%, Alphaproteobacteria 1%, Gammaproteobacteria 1%, Betaprotobacteria 1%, Acinobacteria 1%, Flavobacteria <0.5%, Cloacamonae 4%, Verrucomicrobiae 2.3%. Wherein the consortium of microorganisms of a standard pulp, has a structure at the row level expressed by the following percentage of individual microorganisms Bacteriodales 40%, Clostridiales 35%, Cloacamonales 4%. The remaining residual in the standard pulp, but present in the bioacclerator are Lactobacillales <1%, Bifidobacteriales <1%, Rhodspiriales <1%, Bacillales <0.5%, Actinomycetales <0.5%, Byrkholderiales <0.5%. The indicated value range of the percentage content of individual microorganisms in the fermentation reactor is representative for known technologies implemented in the biogas plants.
The purpose of the invention is to achieve the effect of more efficient fermentation, resulting in more biogas produced from the same mass of the substrate.
Another purpose of the invention is the possibility of shortening the duration of the fermentation process.
The essence of the pre-treatment method of silage, in particular maize silage, where the silage is taken from the hopper and fed to the macerator, where it is mixed with liquid material and mechanically crushed, the resulting mixture is transferred to the biotechnological accelerator, preferably in portions where the temperature is maintained at the assumed level, while the accelerator maintains an acidic environment supporting the occurrence of biochemical transformations in the fermentation process, in particular processes of hydrolysis and acidogenesis, preferably also acetateogenesis, wherein the acidification process in the accelerator is obtained due to the overload of the accelerator chamber with the dry organic mass of the substrate and maintaining the dry matter content in the charge at the assumed level, in addition, carbon dioxide and hydrogen released in the accelerator during the biochemical transformation of the hydrolysis process is fed to the main fermentation tank, whereby the biochemical processes performed by specific consortia of microorganisms are strengthened with favorable mixing, which is not very intense and symmetrically equal in the entire volume, realized in the accelerator tank, characterized by the fact that the temperature in the biotechnological accelerator is maintained in the range of 20-65°C, preferably 35-42°C, moreover the acidic environment in the accelerator is maintained at pH 3-5, preferably in the range pH 3.5-4.6, while the accelerator chamber overload with substrate dry organic mass is controlled within 30-150 kg■ nr3■ d"\ keeping the dry matter content in the batch at 12-20%, preferably in the range 14-16%, with the selection of values of individual parameters of the silage pre-treatment method is assumed to be optimal when in the pulp from the accelerator specific consortia of microorganisms are maintained, whose structure at the type level is expressed by the following percentage of individual microorganisms: Firmicutes 50-65%, Actinobacteria 5- 25%, Proteobacteria 2-20%, Bacterioidetes <30%, and regardless of this, a specific microorganism consortium has a structure at the class level expressed by the following percentage of individual microorganisms: Clostridia <30%, Bacteroidia <30%, Bacilli 5- 50%, Alphaproteobacteria 2-10%, Gammaproteobacteria 2-8%, Betaprotobacteria 2-5%, Acinobacteria 5-25%, Flavobacteria 1-3%, Cloacamonae <1%, Verrucomicrobiae <1%, where specific microorganism consortium has a structure at the row level expressed as the following percentage of individual microorganisms: Lactobacillales 15-45%, Bifidobacteriales 5-25%, Rhodspiriales 2-8%, Bacillales 1-5%, Actinomycetes 1-5%, Byrkholderiales 1- 8%, Clostridiales <25%, Bacteriodales <30%, Cloacamonales <2%.
According to another advantageous feature of the invention, slurry is used as the liquid material, which is mixed with a silage for grinding in a macerator. According to subsequent preferred feature of the invention as a liquid material, which is fed to the macerator, where it is mechanically mixed with the crushed silage, the liquid fraction of the digestate pulp is used. According to a further advantageous feature of the invention, water is used as a liquid material, which is mixed with maize silage for mechanical grinding in a macerator. According to another characteristic of the present invention, advantageous mixing is carried out by means of a centrifugal agitator in the propeller.
The essence of a consortium of microorganisms for silage pre-treatment, especially maize silage, is a structure that at the type level contains: Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria and Bacterioidetes, while on the level class includes: Clostridia, Bacteroidia, Bacilli, Alphaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Betaprotobacteria, Acinobacteria, Flavobacteria, Cloacamonae, Verrucomicrobiae, wherein the structure at the row level contains: Lactobacillales, Bifidobacteriales, Rhodspiriales, Bacillales, Actinomycetales, Byrkholderiales, Clostridiales, Bacteriodales and Cloacamonales are characterized by that its structure at the type level is expressed in the following proportion the percentage of individual microorganisms: Firmicutes 50-65%, Actinobacteria 5-25%, Proteobacteria 2-20%, Bacterioidetes <30%, and independently microorganism consortium has a structure at the class level expressed the following percentage of individual microorganisms: Clostridia <30%, Bacteroidia <30%, Bacilli 5- 50%, Alphaproteobacteria 2-10%, Gammaproteobacteria 2-8%, Betaprotobacteria 2-5%, Acinobacteria 5-25%, Flavobacteria 1-3%, Cloacamonae <1%, Verrucomicrobiae <1%, wherein a consortium of microorganisms has a structure at the row level expressed by the following percentage of individual microorganisms: Lactobacillales 15-45%, Bifidobacteriales 5-25%, Rhodspiriales 2-8%, Bacillales 1-5%, Actinomycetales 1-5%, Byrkholderiales 1-8%, Clostridiales <25%, Bacteriodales <30%, Cloacamonales <2%.
Preferred effects of the invention are the increase of the efficiency of biogas production by 10-30% and obtaining a few percentage points higher methane content in biogas. Other beneficial effects are better attenuation, reduced content of undegraded dry fraction in a product, which makes the use of a solid fraction separator unnecessary, moreover the fermentation time is significantly shortened from 75-50 days for typical type installations NaWaRo up to 15-22 days. Regardless of the above-mentioned benefits, there were applied working parameters and the composition of the consortium of microorganisms allows to obtain sanitation effect - due to the low pH in the accelerator, most of the pathogens are destroyed (pathogenic bacteria like coli, salmonella, parasites eggs, etc.). The method according to the invention will be explained in details in first and second example. A consortium according to the invention will be presented in more detail by means of third and fourth example of implementation.
Example 1
In the method according to its exemplary realization, silage maize is taken directly from the tray and fed into the macerator, where it is mixed with the liquid material, which is slurry, and mechanically shredded, and in cases of temporary lack of its availability, the liquid material is supplemented with liquid fraction of digestate pulp. The obtained mixture is transferred to the biotechnological accelerator in portions every 2 hours with a 24-hour cycle of active volume exchange, where the temperature is maintained at 39 °C. The accelerator maintains an acidic environment with a pH of approx. 3.9, supporting the occurrence of biochemical transformations in the fermentation process, in particular hydrolysis and acidogenesis processes, preferably also acetateogenesis. Acidification process in the accelerator is achieved by overloading the accelerator chamber with dry organic mass of the substrate within 55 kg■ m3■ d'1 maintaining the content of dry matter in the stock at the level of 16%.
Relatively big availability of readily decomposable substances contributes to the drop in pH below the methanogenesis range (lower pH limit at when methane production stops is 6.8). inhibition of methanogenesis - and thus lack of transformation acetic acid to methane, contributes to further acidification of the reactor, which promotes hydrolysis and acidogenesis. In this way, the concentration of volatile fatty acids, mainly lactic and acetic, reaches a constant value above 16000 mg · dm"3, preferably 19-25 thousand, mg ■ dm"3. Carbon dioxide and hydrogen (in a small amount) emitted in the accelerator during biochemical changes of hydrolysis process is administered to the main fermentation tank.
Obtaining a dynamic production of carbon dioxide with an addition of hydrogen and their transfer to the main fermentation tank leads to an increase in methane concentration in the produced biogas, because both carbon dioxide and hydrogen are a direct source for synthesis of methane molecules by bacteria. Biochemical processes conducted by specific consortia of microorganisms are strengthened with favorable mixing, which is not very intense, but precise, implemented in the accelerator tank using a centrifugal mixer on the propeller an example of a structure disclosed in the Polish application of the invention, number P.401726, where it is named a pumping unit. Due to intense biochemical reactions taking place in the accelerator and a large dynamics of the decomposition of the organic compounds resulting from the combined action acidic environment pH approx. 3.6 and acidogenic bacteria enzymes cause deep and rapid decomposition of complex compounds such as carbohydrates, cellulose, hemicellulose, starch and fats which results in very dynamic production of lactic and acetic acid, which is for methanogenic bacteria a direct and dominant intermediate metabolite in the production of methane. In this way in the accelerator chamber, in a strongly acidic environment, will occur mainly hydrolytic, acidogenic and acetogenic bacteria while in normal methane fermentation chamber will be able to grow more methanogenic bacteria than in a typical fermentation. In a typical hydrolysis process occurring in fermentation tanks of the biogas plants in pH above 6.8 processes of decomposition of complex compounds take place several dozen times less dynamically due to the favorable environment for hydrolytic, acidogenic and acetogenic bacteria is the environment with acid reaction.
On obtaining of the optimal conditions for the course of the silage pre-treatment method, according to this embodiment of the invention is keeping in pulp from the accelerator a consortium of microorganisms where type-level structure is expressed by the following percentage of individual microorganisms: Firmicutes 50-65%, Actinobacteria 5- 25%, Proteobacteria 2-20%, Bacterioidetes <30%. The mentioned consortium of microorganisms has a structure at the class level expressed by the following percentage of individual microorganisms: Clostridia <30%, Bacteroidia <30%, Bacilli 5-50%, Alphaproteobacteria 2-10%, Gammaproteobacteria 2-8%, Betaprotobacteria 2-5%, Acinobacteria 5-25%, Flavobacteria 1-3%, Cloacamonae <1%, Verrucomicrobiae <1%. Wherein the consortium at the row level has a structure expressed by the following percentage share of individual microorganisms: Lactobacillales 15-45%, Bifidobacteriales 5-25%, Rhodspiriales 2-8%, Bacillales 1-5%, Actinomycetales 1-5%, Byrkholderiales 1-8%, Clostridiales <25%, Bacteriodales <30%, Cloacamonales <2%.
Biotechnological transformations (hydrolysis, acidogenesis and preferably acetateogenesis) are carried out in a very dynamic way through unique consortium of microorganisms. The use of the accelerator allows creation very favorable conditions for the occurrence of the combined hydrolysis and acidogenesis so very prominently allows to shorten HRT (hydraulic retention time) up to 40%. This allows to reduce the size of installation, or increase in biogas and biomethane efficiency of each installation due to the greater number of the substrates that can be processed by a particular installation. The use of the accelerator allows to obtain a post-fermentation pulp with a higher of processing degree with lower dry content mass on the level below 3%, lower level of COD and BOD. For the proper run of the method according to this embodiment is not greater meaning if liquid material instead of liquid manure will be whey, digestate liquid fraction or water. For the correct course of the method according to this embodiment is of no great importance when instead of the maize silage will be processed from maize from pre-treatment addition of other types of biomass or grass silage.
Example 2
In the method according to its exemplary realization, maize silage is taken from the tray and fed to the macerator, where it is mixed with a slurry as a liquid material and mechanically shredded. The resulting mixture passes to the biotechnological accelerator in portions every 4 hours at 32-hour cycle of active volume replacement, where the temperature is maintained at 41°C.
The accelerator maintains an acidic environment with a pH of approx. 4.3 supporting the occurrence of biochemical transformations in the fermentation process, in particular hydrolysis and acidogenesis processes, and preferably also acetateogenesis. Acidification process in the accelerator is achieved due to overloading the accelerator chamber with fresh substrate mass within 20%. Big availability of readily decomposable substances contributes to the drop in pH below methanogenesis range (lower pH limit when methane production stops is 6.8). Inhibiting methanogenesis - and thus no processing acetic acid to methane, contributes to the further acidification of the reactor, which promotes hydrolysis and acidogenesis. Carbon dioxide and hydrogen (in small amount) emitted in the accelerator during the biochemical changes of the hydrolysis process are administered to the main fermentation tank.
Obtaining a dynamic production of carbon dioxide with an addition of hydrogen and their transfer to the main fermentation tank leads to an increase in methane concentration in the produced biogas, because both carbon dioxide and hydrogen is a direct building block for creation of the methane molecules by bacteria. Biochemical processes conducted by specific consortia of microorganisms are strengthened with favorable mixing, which is not very intense, but precise, implemented in the accelerator tank using a centrifugal mixer on the propeller an example of a structure disclosed in the Polish application of the invention, number P.401726, where it is known as a pumping unit under. Due to getting an intense biochemical reactions taking place in the accelerator and a large dynamics of the distribution of organic compounds resulting from the combined action acidic environment pH approx. 4.3 and acidogenic bacteria enzymes causes thorough and rapid breakdown of complex compounds such as carbohydrates, cellulose, hemicellulose, starch and fats and result in very dynamic production volatile fatty acids (up to a stable concentration of 18-20 thousand mg ■ dm"3 of pulp), including acetic acid which is the main component for methanogenic bacteria for methane production. In this way, in the accelerator chamber, in strongly acidic environment, there will be mainly hydrolytic bacteria, acidogenic and acetogenic, and the develop of methanogenic bacteria will take place in a proper fermentation chamber of the biogas plant producing methane.
Obtaining the optimal conditions for the course of the silage pre-treatment method, according to this example of the invention realization is to keep in the pulp from the accelerator a consortium of microorganisms whose structure at the type level is expressed by the following percentage of individual microorganisms: Firmicutes 50-65%, Actinobacteria 5-25%, Proteobacteria 2-20%, Bacterioidetes <30%. This consortium of microorganisms has a structure at the class level expressed by the following individual percentage of microorganisms: Clostridia <30%, Bacteroidia <30%, Bacilli 5-50%, Alphaproteobacteria 2-10%, Gammaproteobacteria 2-8%, Betaprotobacteria 2-5%, Acinobacteria 5-25%, Flavobacteria 1-3%, Cloacamonae <1%, Verrucomicrobiae <1%. At the row level individual microorganisms: Lactobacillales 15-45%, Bifidobacteriales 5-25%, Rhodspiriales 2-8%, Bacillales 1-5%, Actinomycetes 1-5%, Byrkholderiales 1-8%, Clostridiales <25%, Bacteriodales <30%, Cloacamonales <2%.
Biotechnological transformations (hydrolysis, acidogenesis and preferably acetateogenesis) are carried out in a very dynamic way through unique consortium of microorganisms. The use of the accelerator allows creation very favorable conditions for the combined hydrolysis and phase acidogenesis, which in a very clear way allows to shorten the HRT (hydraulic retention time) up to 40%. This allows to reduce the size of installation, or an increase in biogas and biomethane efficiency of each installation due to the greater number of the substrates that can be processed by the given installation. The use of the accelerator allows to obtain a post-fermentation pulp with a better degree of processing, with a lower content of dry mass on the level below 3%, lower level of COD and BOD. For the correct course of the method according to this embodiment is absent greater importance if the liquid material instead of liquid manure will be whey, liquid fraction of digestate or water. For the correct course of the method according to this embodiment is of no great importance when instead maize silage pre-treatment will be subjected to maize silage with addition of other types of biomass or grass silage.
Example 3
A consortium of microorganisms for silage pre-treatment, especially maize silage, according to an exemplary realization of the invention has a structure on the type level expressed as the percentage of each individual microorganisms: Firmicutes 50%, Actinobacteria 5%, Proteobacteria 2%, Bacterioidetes 1%. The consortium has a structure at the class level expressed the following percentage of individual microorganisms: Clostridia 1%, Bacteroidia 1%, Bacilli 5%, Alphaproteobacteria 2%, Gammaproteobacteria 2%, Betaprotobacteria 2%, Acinobacteria 5%, Flavobacteria 1%, Cloacamonae <0.1%, Verrucomicrobiae <0.1%. Wherein said row-based consortium of microorganisms has a structure expressed as the percentage of each individual microorganisms: Lactobacillales 15%, Bifidobacteriales 5%, Rhodspiriales 2%, Bacillales 1%, Actinomycetales 1%, Byrkholderiales 1%, Clostridiales <5%, Bacteriodales <1%, Cloacamonales 0.1%. The consortium can be grown laboratory and intended for inoculation of the accelerator - in order acceleration of processes taking place in a biogas plant, regardless of this receiving and keeping such a consortium in pulp from the accelerator microorganisms is a marker indicating the obtainment of correct ones conditions of the processes taking place in the biogas plant.
Example 4
A consortium of microorganisms for silage pre-treatment, especially maize silage, according to another exemplary realization of the invention has a structure at the type level expressed by the following percentage individual microorganisms: Firmicutes 65%, Actinobacteria 25%, Proteobacteria 20%, Bacterioidetes 30%. The consortium has a structure at the level class expressed by the following individual percentage microorganisms: Clostridia 30%, Bacteroidia 30%, Bacilli 50%, Alphaproteobacteria 10%, Gammaproteobacteria 8%, Betaprotobacteria 5%, Acinobacteria 25%, Flavobacteria 3%, Cloacamonae 1%, Verrucomicrobiae 1%. At the same time, the consortium at row level has the structure expressed as follows percentage of individual microorganisms: Lactobacillales 45%, Bifidobacteriales 25%, Rhodspiriales 8%, Bacillales 5%, Actinomycetales 5%, Byrkholderiales 8%, Clostridiales 25%, Bacteriodales 30%, Cloacamonales 2%. The consortium can be laboratory-grown and intended for accelerating the accelerator in order to accelerate the processes taking place in biogas plant, and regardless of it, receiving and keeping pulp from the accelerator such a consortium of microorganisms is an indication of obtaining correct conditions of the processes taking place in the biogas plant.

Claims

Claims
1. The method of silage pre-treatment process, especially maize silage, wherein the silage is taken directly from the tray and fed to the macerator, where it is mixed with liquid material and mechanically shredded, resulting mixture is forwarded to the biotechnological accelerator, preferably in portions, where the temperature is maintained at the assumed level, whereas the acidic environment in the accelerator is maintained, supporting the occurrence of biochemical changes of fermentation process, in particular hydrolysis and acidogenesis processes, and preferably also acetanogenesis, wherein the acidification process in the accelerator is obtained by overloading the accelerator chamber with a dry organic mass of the substrate and maintaining the dry matter content in a batch on the assumed level, moreover, carbon dioxide and hydrogen evolved in the accelerator during biochemical transformations of the hydrolysis process are administered to the main fermentation tank, wherein the biochemical processes carried out by specific consortia of microorganisms are strengthened by a favorable mixing that is low in intensity and symmetrically equable in the entire volume, implemented in the accelerator tank, characterized in that the temperature in the biotechnological accelerator, is maintained in the range of 20-65°C, preferably 35-42°C, moreover, the acidic environment in the accelerator is maintained at a pH of 3-5, preferably in the range of pH 3.5-4.6, whereas the overloading of the accelerator chamber with the dry organic substrate mass is regulated in 30-150 kg-m"3-d"\ maintaining the dry matter content in the charge at the level of 12-20%, preferably in the range of 14-16%, wherein the selection of individual parameters values of silage pre-treatment method is taken as optimal when, in the pulp from the accelerator, the specific consortia of microorganisms are kept, whose structure at the type level is expressed by following percentage of individual microorganisms: Firmicutes 50-65%, Actinobacteria 5-25%, Proteobacteria 2-20%, Bacterioidetes <30%, wherein a consortium of microorganisms has a structure at the class level expressed the following percentage of individual microorganisms: Clostridia <30%, Bacteroidia <30%, Bacilli 5-50%, Alphaproteobacteria 2-10%, Gammaproteobacteria 2-8%, Betaprotobacteria 2-5%, Acinobacteria 5-25%, Flavobacteria 1-3%, Cloacamonae <1%, Verrucomicrobiae <1%, a specific microorganism consortium has a structure at the level of the order expressed as the percentage of each individual microorganisms: Lactobacillales 15-45%, Bifidobacteriales 5-25%, Rhodspiriales 2-8%, Bacillales 1-5%, Actinomycetales 1-5%, Byrkholderiales 1-8%, Clostridiales <25%, Bacteriodales <30%, Cloacamonales <2%.
2. The method of silage pre-treatment process, in particular maize silage, according to exception no. 1, characterized in that as a liquid material which is fed into the macerator, where it is mixed with the silage, and the obtained mixture is mechanically broken, slurry is used.
3. The method of silage pre-treatment process, in particular maize silage, according to exception no. 1, characterized in that as a liquid materials which is fed into the macerator, where it is mixed with the silage, and the obtained mixture is mechanically broken, liquid fraction of digestate pulp is used.
4. The method of silage pre-treatment process, in particular maize silage, according to exception no. 1, characterized in that as a liquid materials which is fed into the macerator, where it is mixed with the silage, and the obtained mixture is mechanically broken, water is used.
5. The method of silage pre-treatment process, in particular maize silage, according to exception no. 1, characterized in that the advantageous mixing is carried out by means of a jet agitator centrally located in the propeller.
6. The microorganisms consortium intended for silage pre-treatment process, especiallymaize silage, whose structure at the type level contains: Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria and Bacterioidetes, while the structure at the class level includes: Clostridia, Bacteroidia, Bacilli, Alphaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Betaprotobacteria, Acinobacteria, Flavobacteria, Cloacamonae, Verrucomicrobiae, wherein the structure at the row level contains: Lactobacillales, Bifidobacteriales, Rhodspiriales, Bacillales, Actinomycetales, Byrkholderiales, Clostridiales, Bacteriodales and Cloacamonales characterized in that its structure at the type level is expressed by the following percentage share of individual microorganisms: Firmicutes 50-65%, Actinobacteria 5-25%, Proteobacteria 2-20%, Bacterioidetes <30%, and at the class level expressed by the following individual percentage of microorganisms: Clostridia <30%, Bacteroidia <30%, Bacilli 5-50%, Alphaproteobacteria 2-10%, Gammaproteobacteria 2-8%, Betaprotobacteria 2-5%, Acinobacteria 5-25%, Flavobacteria 1-3%, Cloacamonae <1%, Verrucomicrobiae <1%, whereby the microorganism consortium has a structure at the level of the order expressed by the following percentage of individual microorganisms: Lactobacillales 15-45%, Bifidobacteriales 5-25%, Rhodspiriales 2-8%, Bacillales 1-5%, Actinomycetales 1-5%, Byrkholderiales 1-8%, Clostridiales <25%, Bacteriodales <30%, Cloacamonales <2%.
EP18845420.1A 2017-10-16 2018-10-12 The method of silage pre-treatment process, in particular maize silage, and consortium of microorganisms for pre-treatment of silage, in particular maize silage Pending EP3697892A1 (en)

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WO2007052306A2 (en) * 2005-09-05 2007-05-10 Gangotree Resource Developers Pvt. Ltd. A three-step biomethanation process
US20090028991A1 (en) * 2006-12-11 2009-01-29 Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. Lactobacillus buchneri strain LN1284 and its use to improve aerobic stability of silage
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US20140186929A1 (en) * 2012-12-28 2014-07-03 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Compositions and methods comprising a combination silage inoculant
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