EP3669243A1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zum additiven herstellen wenigstens einer bauteilschicht eines bauteils und speichermedium - Google Patents
Verfahren und vorrichtung zum additiven herstellen wenigstens einer bauteilschicht eines bauteils und speichermediumInfo
- Publication number
- EP3669243A1 EP3669243A1 EP18748891.1A EP18748891A EP3669243A1 EP 3669243 A1 EP3669243 A1 EP 3669243A1 EP 18748891 A EP18748891 A EP 18748891A EP 3669243 A1 EP3669243 A1 EP 3669243A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- heating
- temperature
- region
- component
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B29C64/295—Heating elements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/10—Auxiliary heating means
- B22F12/13—Auxiliary heating means to preheat the material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/141—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials
- B29C64/153—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials using layers of powder being selectively joined, e.g. by selective laser sintering or melting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B29C64/386—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
- B29C64/393—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
- B22F10/362—Process control of energy beam parameters for preheating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
- B22F10/364—Process control of energy beam parameters for post-heating, e.g. remelting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
- B22F10/366—Scanning parameters, e.g. hatch distance or scanning strategy
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/40—Radiation means
- B22F12/41—Radiation means characterised by the type, e.g. laser or electron beam
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/40—Radiation means
- B22F12/44—Radiation means characterised by the configuration of the radiation means
- B22F12/45—Two or more
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/90—Means for process control, e.g. cameras or sensors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2202/00—Treatment under specific physical conditions
- B22F2202/07—Treatment under specific physical conditions by induction
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2202/00—Treatment under specific physical conditions
- B22F2202/11—Use of irradiation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2203/00—Controlling
- B22F2203/03—Controlling for feed-back
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2203/00—Controlling
- B22F2203/11—Controlling temperature, temperature profile
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
- B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
- B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
- C21D1/30—Stress-relieving
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/34—Methods of heating
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/34—Methods of heating
- C21D1/38—Heating by cathodic discharges
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2221/00—Treating localised areas of an article
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/10—Geometric CAD
- G06F30/17—Mechanical parametric or variational design
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and a device for the additive production of at least one component layer of a component as well as a storage medium with a program code for controlling such a device.
- additive or additive manufacturing processes so-called additive manufacturing or rapid prototyping processes
- a component region or a complete component which can be, for example, a component of a turbomachine or an aircraft engine, is layered built up.
- Mainly metallic components are usually produced by laser or electron beam melting or sintering process.
- at least one powdered component material is initially applied in layers in the region of a buildup and joining zone, in order to form a layer.
- the component material is locally solidified by the component material in the assembly and joining zone energy is supplied by means of at least one energy beam, whereby the component material melts or sinters and forms a component layer.
- the energy beam is controlled as a function of a layer information of the component layer to be produced in each case.
- the layer information is usually generated from a 3D CAD body of the component and subdivided into individual component layers.
- the component platform is lowered in layers by a predefined layer thickness. Thereafter, the said steps are repeated until the final completion of the desired component area or the entire component.
- the component region or the component can in principle be produced on a component platform or on an already produced part of the component or component region or on a support structure.
- the advantages of this additive manufacturing are, in particular, the possibility of being able to produce very complex component geometries with cavities, undercuts and the like within the scope of a single method.
- the powder bed is heated by means of a heater to facilitate the melting or verse internally of the component material and to reduce stresses in the solidified material and undesirable structural defects or prevent other defects.
- a surface of the powder bed or a component which can be heated at an identical time occupies only a small portion of a construction field or of the component. If necessary, the heating area must be moved over the construction field so that an entire component cross-section can be irradiated.
- a scanning speed of the energy beam used to solidify is usually relatively high.
- an action field of the energy beam on the bed of powder may include cracks or large distances between individual solidification areas that are traveled in a very short time (eg in contour exposure, Iceland irradiation strategy, etc.).
- a displacement of the heating area for mechanical and thermal reasons can take place much more slowly. This makes the additive manufacturing of components inefficient and increases the likelihood of reduced component qualities.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a method and a device which enable a more reliable additive production of component layers of a component.
- Another object of the invention is to provide a storage medium with a program code which ensures appropriate control of such a device.
- a first aspect of the invention relates to a method for the additive production of at least one component layer of a component.
- a more reliable additive production of component layers and thus an optimization of component quality is achieved according to the invention by at least steps a) generating at least one layer of a powdered component material in the region of a buildup and joining zone, b) subdividing model data of the layer into virtual subregions a control device, c) selecting at least one of the virtual subareas by means of the control device, d) locally heating at least one heating element, e) checking whether a temperature of the layer has a predetermined minimum temperature at least in a predetermined test area, and f) locally solidifying the layer at least in a predetermined solidification area by selective Irradiation by means of at least one energy beam of an energy source when the layer in the test area at least the predetermined minimum temperature, are performed.
- the invention is based on the recognition that for high process reliability, only those areas of the layer should be selectively irradiated which have reached or achieved at least one predefined minimum or setpoint temperature before or during irradiation (shared test area or release area) ).
- a heating or partial area of the layer heated at least to the minimum or setpoint temperature only takes up a relatively small proportion of the total area of the assembly and joining zone or
- "local” refers to a certain area of the assembly and joining zone with a surface area which is less than an area of the entire assembly and joining zone, in particular less than 50%, in other words, the present heating device is not
- an entire layer or the entire working plane in the assembly and joining zone which is also referred to as a construction field, is heated to the minimum temperature
- model data which is a Repr representative office of the layer represent initially divided into two or more virtual sub-areas or segments.
- the model data can basically represent a two-dimensional and / or three-dimensional region of the layer, ie only one surface of the layer as part of a working plane or additionally a depth extension of the layer.
- at least one of the virtual subareas is selected and a heating area is heated in at least one real subarea, the at least one real subarea corresponding to the selected virtual subarea (s).
- correlate basically expresses a defined assignment and can mean that a virtual and a real subarea are related to one another with respect to their surface area and / or their volume and / or their shape and / or their position relative to a coordinate system of the structure and joining zone or relative to the component layer to be produced, if the model data of a form a correct representation of the physical.
- heating means heating or tempering of a portion of the layer or previously solidified layer or component regions to a temperature above a respective current ambient temperature in the assembly and joining zone, and below the melting or sintering temperature of the currently used component material
- heating of the component material to a temperature above its respective melting or sintering temperature is understood by means of the energy source or an irradiation device Evaluating measured, extrapolated or otherwise determined temperatures or temperature values it may also be sufficient to use a physical quantity representing the temperature for each of these ektiv be applied to the construction and joining zone.
- the heating device is basically not limited to a specific type and can be, for example, a laser or electron beam, whose incident surface is larger on the construction field, than that of the energy beam used for solidification.
- the virtual / real sub-areas characterize or comprise at least for the current construction job relevant areas of each topmost layer, but can also be required, taking into account a depth extension of the heating determined and for example 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 , 8, 9, 10 or more underlying layers or already partially or fully solidified component areas.
- the model data or the virtual subregions determined therefrom and thus also their corresponding real subregions can, but need not necessarily be geometrically related, but need not necessarily contain the particular component layer to be produced, but can also characterize regions of the layer that, for example, become support structures or belong to other components.
- each virtual partial area can in principle be predetermined locally or temporally or dynamically determined or adapted, for example taking into account current building data.
- subarea is understood as meaning both a virtual and a corresponding real subarea, unless it is specifically spoken of a virtual or a real subarea Statements on virtual subareas refer to the underlying model data, while statements about real Subregions to the unconsolidated or partially or fully consolidated layer.
- the area can in principle correspond to a defined solidification area and / or a cross-sectional area of a component and / or a partial area of an entire construction field.
- the (virtual / real) subareas are not limited in terms of their geometry.
- the real subareas which simultaneously or successively reach or exceed the required minimum temperature are several or more times greater than an incident surface of the energy beam in the focused state on the surface Component material, since an irradiation process otherwise slowed only possible or must be interrupted every time a shared test area is solidified.
- a first virtual subregion is selected and the tempering of the heating region is started in the real subregion of the layer corresponding to the virtual subregion.
- the irradiation of the relevant real subarea of the layer is therefore only released when the test area assigned to the real subarea has reached the required minimum temperature.
- the subregion is heated above the minimum temperature in order better to take into account any heat conduction and cooling effects between the steps "heating” (step d)) and “solidifying” (step f)).
- the same or different maximum temperatures are or are predetermined for some or all heating ranges, so that a temperature sufficient for releasing the irradiation can be between the minimum temperature and the maximum temperature.
- a homogeneity of the heating within the respective test areas and in the comparison of several released for solidification test areas is checked and ensured by a control mechanism.
- the principle of the test areas can therefore be extended.
- a temperature band in which solidification is allowed can be supplemented or dynamically adjusted by a narrower temperature band or corresponding minimum and maximum temperature values, which represent a preferred range, in order to achieve improved material properties.
- the criterion "temperature” can optionally also be used to check the criterion "time”, that is to say that in step e) it is checked how long a test area at the actual or planned time of solidification is already held in a preferred temperature range.
- steps a) to f) are repeated one or more times, preferably until the completion of a component area or the entire component. It can also be provided that the order of two or more of the steps a) to f) is varied or that two or more of the steps a) to f) are carried out simultaneously for different partial areas.
- “one” are generally to be read as indefinite articles, that is to say always without expressly stated otherwise as “at least one / at least one”. Conversely, "one” can also be understood as "only one”.
- the heating device selectively heats a partial volume of a total volume of the pulverulent component material in a building container to the predetermined minimum temperature at a time, wherein the partial volume is at least 0.01%, preferably at least 0.1%, particularly preferably at least 1% and / or at most 50%, preferably at most 30%, particularly preferably at most 10% of a surface area of a working plane in the assembly and joining zone comprises.
- the heating device is designed to have only a partial volume of, for example, 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.03%, 0.04%, 0.05%, 0.06%, 0.07%, 0 , 08%, 0.09%, 0.10%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0 , 9%, 1.0%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15% , 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32 %, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49% or 50% of the construction field or area of a working level in the assembly and joining zone to be
- Selective heating in contrast to global heating, means that the portion of the total volume outside the sub-volume is not heated or at least remains below the predetermined minimum temperature.
- the overall volume of the build container is variable during a layer-based manufacturing process, since its depth ("z-direction") is dependent on the number of layers already applied, the build-up and joining zone being considered as a section of a two-dimensional working plane of the energy beam
- the heated partial volume has at least a portion of a surface, ie, on an uppermost applied layer, the depth extent of the partial volume starting from the surface
- it can be arbitrarily defined or predetermined and is typically at least adapted to a depth extension of a solidification process in a z-direction perpendicular to the assembly and joining zone or working plane.
- Minimum temperature agreed by the heater is generally not necessarily as direct or immediate heating, but can also be done indirectly by a spread of heat from an origin to surrounding areas according to the principles of heat transfer.
- an effective range of the heating device and the assembly and joining zones are generally movable relative to one another, so that an entire layer or the entire surface area of a working plane in the assembly and joining zone can be heated to the predetermined minimum temperature, at least in a temporal course ,
- the model data are subdivided into two-dimensional and / or three-dimensional virtual subregions and / or that the model data characterize the working plane of the energy beam on the layer.
- virtual subregions can be defined by rasterizing the assembly and joining zone or the layer into identically sized or regular fields.
- the virtual subareas can thus be used as polygons such. As squares, rectangles or hexagons be defined.
- the corresponding real subregions are basically three-dimensional and, for example, have at least the same height as the uppermost layer, even if the virtual subregions are merely defined two-dimensionally.
- the model data need not necessarily characterize the entire surface of the assembly and joining zone, but may also merely characterize a working plane or a component cross-section, for example the region of the uppermost layer to be consolidated.
- At least two regions from the group of real partial area, heating area, test area and solidification area are selected to be at least substantially identical.
- two, three or four regions from the named group are identical or at least 90% or more identical, at least with respect to their two-dimensional extent in a plan view of the assembly and joining zone or the construction field.
- the real part area and the inspection area and / or the real part area and the solidification area may be identical or practically identical.
- at least one region from the group of real subregion, heating region, test region and solidification region is a subset and / or an intersection of another region from this group. In other words, at least one of said areas can be located entirely within another area.
- the heating area and / or the test area can be a subset of the real partial area.
- the subarea can also be a subset of the heating area. This is the case when the heated area of the heating area is larger than the area of the corresponding partial area. This contributes to the fact that the preheating often can not be exactly tailored or limited to a surface or geometry of a specific subarea depending on the heating device used.
- heating of the layer can generally also be effected indirectly, for example by heating an adjacent, underlying, already molten and / or already solidified region, from which heat then diffuses into the adjacent and / or overlying layer.
- At least one of said areas may partially lie outside of another area and thus form an intersection with the other area.
- the heating area may be partially outside the real subarea, so that an adjacent further subarea is also warmed up.
- at least two processually successive areas from the group of real subarea, heating area, test area and solidification area overlap.
- process-related or temporally successive test areas may overlap each other, so that certain sections of several real sub-areas are checked several times. This may be useful, in particular, for comparatively large partial areas in order to better control heat conduction effects.
- a metal-based component material is used, which is at least 50 vol .-%, that is, for example, to 50 vol .-%, 51 vol .-%, 52 vol .-%, 53 vol %, 54 vol.%, 55 vol.%, 56 vol.%, 57 vol.%, 58 vol.%, 59 vol.%, 60 vol.%, 61 vol.
- the component material may comprise at least 50% by volume of a nickel or cobalt base superalloy, a titanium aluminide, a metal matrix composite, a metallic glass or the like. same exist.
- a powdered component material is used which contains one or more of the group of particles, whiskers and fibers.
- the heating area is heated to a minimum temperature of 400 ° C or more and / or to a maximum temperature of 3500 ° C or less and / or the minimum temperature at least 50% of the melting temperature in ° C of a currently used component material.
- a minimum temperature of at least 400 ° C for example, minimum temperatures of 400 ° C, 450 ° C, 500 ° C, 550 ° C, 600 ° C, 650 ° C, 700 ° C, 750 ° C, 800 ° C, 850 ° C, 900 ° C, 950 ° C, 1000 ° C, 1050 ° C, 1100 ° C, 1150 ° C, 1200 ° C, 1250 ° C, 1300 ° C, 1350 ° C, 1400 ° C, 1450 ° C, 1500 ° C, 1550 ° C, 1600 ° C, 1650 ° C, 1700 ° C, 1750 ° C, 1800 ° C, 1850 ° C, 1900 ° C, 1950 ° C, 2000 ° C, 2050 ° C, 2100 ° C, 2150 ° C, 2200 ° C, 2250 ° C, 2300 ° C, 2350 ° C, 2400 ° C, 2450
- 3500 ° C Below a maximum temperature of 3500 ° C are especially temperatures of 3500 ° C, 3450 ° C, 3400 ° C, 3350 ° C, 3300 ° C, 3250 ° C, 3200 ° C, 3150 ° C, 3100 ° C, 3050 ° C , 3000C, 2950C, 2900C, 2850C, 2800C, 2750C, 2700C, 2650C, 2600C, 2550C, 2500C, 2450C, 2400 ° C, 2350 ° C, 2300 ° C, 2250 ° C, 2200 ° C, 2150 ° C, 2100 ° C, 2050 ° C, 2000 ° C, 1950 ° C, 1900 ° C, 1850 ° C, 1800 ° C , 1750 ° C, 1700 ° C, 1650 ° C, 1600 ° C, 1550 ° C, 1500 ° C, 1450 ° C, 1400 °
- the minimum temperature may be at least 50% of the melting temperature, measured in ° C, of a currently used component material.
- the melting temperature is 1000 ° C
- the minimum temperature may be 500 ° C or more.
- a maximum temperature is always above a minimum temperature.
- Exact values for the temperature (s) of a heating region can also be selected, for example, in the case of a metal-based component material, depending on specific phase transition temperature thresholds.
- it is provided that at least the steps c) to f) are carried out for two or more subregions, in particular for all subregions of the layer to be consolidated.
- the component layer can be produced, for example, sequentially or stepwise or successively, so that first a first heating or partial region of the powdered bed to be solidified is heated and irradiated after the minimum temperature has been reached. After irradiation of the first partial area, the heating device or its heating area is then moved to a subsequent partial area and the subsequent partial area is irradiated after reaching the minimum temperature, etc.
- each partial area to be solidified first of all is heated directly or indirectly is solidified after reaching the minimum temperature, after which the heating device heats the temporally or processally subsequent sub-area, etc.
- the respective different size of a common interface or the respective length of a common borderline can be the criterion for determining the sequence.
- that subarea with the longest common borderline (xy / y plane) to a preceding subarea can be determined as the first subsequent subarea.
- subregions to be heated and irradiated one after the other in terms of time or process can be selected in such a way that they are not physically spatially combined. hang, but are spaced apart.
- step f) for at least one further subarea.
- the process begins with selecting a subarea to be subsequently processed and, if appropriate, already heating the corresponding heating area.
- the production method can be further accelerated, since the energy beam after solidification of a portion with little delay or even delay can continue with the solidification of the subsequent and ideally already correctly tempered portion.
- the layer in the heating area of the further partial area is heated such that the heating area of the further partial area has at least the predetermined minimum temperature as soon as the irradiation of the preceding partial area has been completed.
- This enables a continuous or at least predominantly continuous solidification or scanning of the component material by the energy beam (eg along a strip), since the steps "heating” and “irradiation” are coordinated in time such that the smallest possible and preferably no radiation breaks occur between temporally successive partial areas.
- a radiation break is understood to mean, in particular, a period in which the layer is not locally irradiated or solidified or the energy beam is deactivated because, for example, B.
- radiation break in the context of the present disclosure covers any short radiation pauses which are interposed, for example, in the typical radiation pattern of the hatching between the scanning or scanning of individual substantially parallel lines when a beam deflection unit performs a reversal process, without that while the beam is activated.
- step f) is only performed for the first time for the layer when at least one predetermined minimum number of subregions has been selected and the associated heating regions have been heated to their respective predetermined minimum temperature.
- Minimum advance to heating areas or preheated partial areas are generated so that irradiation does not have to be terminated after release of a partial area or segment, but can be continued without delay in a next shared sub-area ("Rolling release”.)
- the minimum number is set so that it is possible to solidify the entire component layer with as little interruption as possible or without interruption, that is to say that the buffer at preheated partial areas is not used up before the end of the solidification.
- a minimum flow of heating areas is selected as a function of the current position of the energy beam on the layer. In this way, a respectively optimal minimum flow for the heating of the respective heating areas or the partial areas to be preheated can be determined and determined dynamically and according to the situation.
- a minimum overrun of heating areas is set as a function of the current position of the energy beam on the layer. As a result, a minimum follow-up of heating areas or heated partial areas can be determined or determined dynamically and according to the situation.
- At least one further subregion is selected by means of the control device and a heating region assigned to the subregion is heated by means of the heating device when a predetermined maximum number of solidified and / or heated to their respective predetermined minimum temperature areas has been reached or exceeded.
- a ratio of "minimum number of maximum numbers” or “minimum number of advances: minimum number of follow-up times” is set between 10: 1 and 1:10, ie, for example, 10: 1, 9: 1, 8: 1, 7: 1 , 6: 1, 5: 1, 4: 1, 3: 1, 2: 1, 1: 1 or 1:10, 1: 9, 1: 8, 1: 7, 1: 6, 1: 5, 1 : 4, 1: 3, 1: 2 or 1: 1.
- a temporal definition with the specified spectrum can be chosen analogously For example, at a selected time ratio of 2: 3 (minimum lead: minimum after-run), the duration of the minimum lead is two-fifths of the difference in the effective range of a moving heating device that allows heating to the predetermined minimum temperature of x and that time necessary for the consolidation of the solidification is needed.
- control device has at least one parameter from the group material characteristic of the component material, recording frequency of a thermographic device for temperature determination of test areas, number of the partial areas, geometry of the partial areas, surface area of the partial areas, length of the partial areas, width of the partial areas, spacing of adjacent partial areas, type of irradiation or pattern of the partial areas, irradiation duration of the partial areas Subareas, processing sequence of the subregions, minimum temperature of the subregions, actual temperature of the subregions, movement path of the heating device over the layer, movement path of the energy beam over the layer, surface of the layer to be heated by the heating device, impact location of the energy source Beam on the layer, surface of the energy beam on the layer and irradiation speed of the energy beam
- control device controlling and / or regulating the heating device and the energy source as a function of one another.
- This configuration of the control device makes it possible to heat and irradiate the powder bed as little interruption as possible, since a coupling of the movement of the heating spot of the heating device or of the heating area to a direction or speed of an irradiation progress of the energy beam and / or an energy input into the heating area can take place , In this way, as efficient as possible running paths or movement paths of the heating device with respect to the total area of the component layer to be irradiated and the respective exposure strategy for the individual partial areas are achieved.
- control device controls and / or regulates the heating device such that the energy beam can be moved without interruption or at least predominantly without interruption over all subregions of the layer to be consolidated, with a constant or varying feed rate.
- control and / or regulation of the heating device and the energy source is such that the energy beam as rare and preferably never “settles" or interrupted or shut down, but with a constant feed rate as possible over the entire surface of the layer to be solidified.
- Such interruptions are primarily due to the fact that the heating area is displaced over a distance which is longer than the extension of an effective range allows, allowing the achievement of the minimum temperature.
- the number and distance of "large" jumps between defined exposure fields are to be reduced, so that the so-called hatch reversal at each hatch end, which usually takes place with the energy beam switched off, is not understood to be settling or interrupting within the meaning of the present disclosure or improper cooling of the powder bed in the fortification area leads.
- discontinuation or interruption in the sense of the present disclosure is generally associated with an impermissible temperature change of the powder bed, whereby a reliable and reliable solidification is not or no longer possible.
- "predominantly uninterrupted” preferably means that the irradiation period averages at least 50%, ie for example 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58 %, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89% or 90% of the shift processing time Irradiation of a layer or at least one cross-section from the start to the end point of time is preferred.
- "Irradiance-free" are preferably irradiation durations of at least 91%, ie 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97 %, 98%, 99% or 100% of the shift processing time.
- the solidification area is heated during and / or after step f) by means of the heating device. This makes it possible, if necessary, to keep the temperature of the layer during solidification at least at the desired minimum temperature or to bring it to a temperature deviating from the minimum temperature.
- the heating device can be moved before, during or after solidification of the solidification region to a heating region to be subsequently heated in terms of time or process, whereby corresponding time gains can be realized.
- the heating area can be displaced by a required distance, so that at least one further heating area is at a distance or orientation to the heating device which heats up to the minimum temperature.
- the energy input by the heater during solidification is set to a level below an energy input during step d) is so that it does not lead to overheating of the component material and thus to an inadmissible exceeding both a minimum and in the spatially and temporally accumulated energy input from two different energy sources (heating device and energy beam) also a maximum temperature comes.
- the solidification region layer during solidification is heated less by the heater than before and / or after solidification, which would result in a lower temperature without the additional energy input by the energy beam due to the addition of both But energy inputs overall leads to a temperature which at least allows melting or sintering of the component material.
- a minimum temperature and / or a maximum temperature and / or a predetermined temperature profile of the partial area depend on a surface area and / or a geometry of the solidification area, that is to say the component cross-section or section or partial area of the part to be consolidated or solidified Component cross section, specified and / or determined / will.
- a type of "temperature corridor” can be preset statically and / or dynamically determined, so that a function of the temperature of the test area, which is measured at least in a portion of a sub-area, or depending on a physically representing the temperature in the test area size
- a lower temperature band can be selected for filigree cross-sections than for cross-sections , which have a large area of uninterrupted design, allowing a particularly process-secure consolidation of components of different shapes.
- a predetermined minimum temperature and / or a predetermined maximum temperature or a predetermined temperature profile for a number of test areas and / or solidification areas depending on a surface and / or geometry and / or a desired microstructure of a to be solidified or solidified component cross-section or portion of the component cross section is or will be selected, wherein the minimum temperature and / or the maximum temperature and / or the temperature profile is preferably set separately for each test area and / or solidification area or will.
- a predetermined temperature profile with corresponding setpoint temperatures can be generated, wherein the number of test areas and / or solidification areas basically 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or more can be. In this way, a desired microstructure and thus an optimal structure quality and / or crystal lattice structure can be generated in a targeted manner.
- the heating area is heated by means of the heating device with a different heating rate when the temperature of the layer in the predetermined test area does not have the predetermined minimum temperature.
- the control device controls and / or regulates the heating device such that an already locally consolidated partial region has at least a predetermined minimum temperature and / or has at most a predetermined maximum temperature. This allows a controlled heating after solidification to reduce the likelihood of the occurrence of hot cracks and an improved static or dynamic control of the heating device, whereby correspondingly high quality components can be realized.
- a predetermined maximum temperature within the sub-range is not exceeded. It is also possible, if appropriate after hardening, to ensure a heat treatment or a preferably controlled cooling of the solidified subarea in order to achieve a particularly high structural quality. If the temperature in the solidified sub-range can not be measured or not measured directly, a temperature prognosis can be used instead of the temperature.
- a maximum difference between the minimum and maximum temperature is at most 300 K, for example 300 K, 290 K, 280 K, 270 K, 260 K, 250 K, 240 K, 230 K, 220 K, 210 K, 200 K. , 190 K, 180 K, 170 K, 160 K, 150 K, 140 K, 130 K, 120 K, 110 K, 100 K, 90 K, 80 K, 70 K, 60 K, 50 K, 40 K, 30 K, 20 K, 10 K or less.
- a predetermined minimum temperature and / or a predetermined maximum temperature is or are chosen to be lower in subregions that are solidified in terms of time and / or process, the longer the consolidation takes place.
- This allows a controlled lowering of a temperature of an already solidified real part of the range to a transition to lower temperatures, eg. B. outside an effective range of the heater to limit the resulting temperature gradient and thus further reduce a probability of the occurrence of hot cracks on.
- a reference point of a heating region of the heater and / or a solidification or irradiation region of the energy beam is determined and used to control and / or regulating a relative movement of the heater and energy beam to each other.
- a reference point can in principle be positioned in any number and at any suitable real or virtual places.
- the heater and the energy beam may each have a reference location, e.g. B. a light spot or other mark whose relative movement can be tracked camera-based and derived from the control commands for driving the travel of the heater or the energy beam.
- control device can, for example, perform a calculation of x / y control coordinates, for which center points of a regularly or irregularly shaped heating area or of a regularly or irregularly shaped irradiation area can be used as reference points.
- a relative movement of the heating region of the heating device and the solidified partial region by a distance and / or in a direction through which the partial region leaves a maximum effective range of the heating device the heating of the partial region to a temperature value of at least 1000 ° C, eg 1000 ° C, 1020 ° C, 1040 ° C, 1060 ° C, 1080 ° C, 1100 ° C, 1120 ° C, 1140 ° C, 1160 ° C, 1180 ° C, 1200 ° ° C, 1220 ° C, 1240 ° C, 1260 ° C, 1280 ° C, 1300 ° C, 1320 ° C, 1340 ° C, 1360 ° C, 1380 ° C, 1400 ° C, 1420 ° C, 1440 ° C , 1460 ° C, 1480 ° C, 1500 ° C or more, and / or of at least 70%, such as 70%, 7
- this criterion may take precedence over other competing criteria, for example start of solidifying a solidified area. Thus, it can even gain a higher status than as continuous as possible irradiation. In addition to a release for irradiation, a further release for displacing the heating area can thereby be realized.
- the test can be carried out by measuring and / or extrapolation or simulation of the temperature values, which is useful, for example, in cases in which a direct temperature measurement, for example due to shadowing by other parts of the device is not possible.
- a second aspect of the invention relates to a device for the additive production of at least one component layer of a component, in particular a component of a turbomachine, wherein the device comprises at least one coater for producing at least one layer of a powdery component material in the region of a buildup and joining zone, at least one energy source for producing at least one energy beam, by means of which the layer in the region of the assembly and joining zone can be hardened locally to the component layer, at least one heating device, by means of which the layer is locally heatable, and at least one test device, by means of which a temperature of the layer can be tested , includes.
- the device comprises a control device which is set up to subdivide model data of the assembly and joining zone into virtual subregions, to select at least one of the virtual subregions, to heat locally by means of the heating device at least one heating area in a real partial area of the layer corresponding to the selected virtual partial area, to check by means of the checking device whether a temperature of the layer has a predetermined minimum temperature at least in a predetermined test area, and the layer at least in a predetermined one Solidify solidification area by selective irradiation by means of the at least one energy beam locally when the layer has at least the predetermined minimum temperature in the test area.
- the invention is based on the recognition that only those areas of the powder bed which should reach or have reached at least a predefined minimum or setpoint temperature before and / or during irradiation (free test area or release area) should be irradiated for high process reliability.
- a partial region of the layer which is heated at least to the minimum or nominal temperature at a certain point in time generally only occupies a relatively small proportion of the total area of a construction field or of the component layer to be produced.
- the layer can first be subdivided into two or more virtual subregions or segments by means of the control device.
- the control device can generally have a processor device which is set up to control the execution of the mentioned method steps.
- the processor device can have at least one microprocessor and / or at least one microcontroller.
- the control device may comprise a storage medium with a program code which is adapted to perform the said method steps when executed by the control device.
- the program code may be stored in a data memory of the processor device.
- the control device may comprise a storage medium with a program code which is set up to carry out an embodiment of the method according to the first aspect of the invention.
- the virtual subareas, and thus their corresponding real subareas may or may not necessarily be geometrically related, but may not necessarily include the device layer to be fabricated, but may also characterize areas of the layer, such as support structures or other components belong.
- each virtual subarea can generally be predetermined by the control device locally and / or temporally or dynamically determined, for example, taking into account current baud data.
- a partial area may correspond to a defined irradiation area and / or a cross-sectional area of a component and / or a partial area of an entire construction field. Because of the generally higher irradiation rate compared with the heating, it can be provided that the real subareas which simultaneously or successively reach or exceed the required minimum temperature are multiples or multiples greater than an area of the energy beam, since an irradiation process otherwise it is only possible to slow down considerably or has to be interrupted every time a released partial area is solidified.
- the control device selects a first virtual subregion and starts the tempering of a heating region in the real subregion of the layer corresponding to the virtual subregion with the aid of the heating device.
- the irradiation of the relevant real subarea is only released by the control device when at least one test area, which may be identical or deviating from the subarea, has reached the required minimum temperature.
- the tester area is checked by the test device, which generally comprises a temperature measuring device or is coupled to a temperature measuring device, with respect to its temperature and the reaching of the minimum temperature. In principle, it can also be provided that the subarea in the heating area is heated above the minimum temperature to better account for any heat conduction and cooling effects between the "heating" and "solidifying” steps.
- the same or different maximum temperatures are predetermined or dynamically determined for some or all partial areas, so that a temperature sufficient for releasing the irradiation can be between the minimum temperature and a maximum temperature. Due to this interaction or coordination of the steps "heating” and “irradiation”, it is therefore possible, despite the limiting factor "speed of displacement of a heating zone", to reliably solidify a component layer in the shortest possible time and as continuously as possible, thereby achieving a correspondingly high component quality Further features and their advantages emerge from the description of the first aspect of the invention, with advantageous embodiments of the first aspect of the invention being regarded as advantageous embodiments of the second aspect of the invention and vice versa.
- the heating device is designed as an induction heating device and has at least one induction coil for local heating of the layer.
- the heating device may also comprise two or more inductors for inductive temperature control of predeterminable regions of the layer.
- Two inductors may, for example, be oriented perpendicularly to one another, wherein in a further embodiment the first inductor may engage in the second inductor in an operating position ("cross-coil concept") .
- the maximum temperature in the heating region typically typically only occurs in the environment or in a metal-powder-based additive manufacturing process
- a large induction coil arm surrounds a smaller induction coil arm, the smaller, for example, along a longitudinal extension of the large induction coil arm in a plane parallel to the construction field
- the maximum temperature of the heating can be achieved in this example only in the interaction of the two inductors by means of a superimposition of both induction fields, but it should be emphasized that the Heating device is not limited to a particular embodiment of the induction heater.
- a third aspect of the invention relates to a storage medium with a program code which is designed, when executed by a control device, to control a device according to the second aspect of the invention in such a way that it carries out a method according to the first aspect of the invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic view of another component layer generatively made by locally consolidating a layer
- Fig. 6 is a schematic plan view of the local heating device with several associated
- FIG. 7 is a diagram of heater control of the heater shown in FIG. 6 and a resulting temperature history in the powder or device layer;
- FIG. 8 is a schematic plan view of the local heating device, wherein an induction coil is arranged in its longitudinal extent perpendicular to stripe-shaped partial regions;
- Figure 9 is a schematic plan view of the local heating device, wherein an induction coil is based on a reference point with respect to the partial areas aligned.
- FIG. 10 shows a schematic plan view of the local heating device, with process-successive test areas overlapping one another; FIG. and
- FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a device according to the invention.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic view of a component layer 10 which is produced generatively by locally consolidating a layer 12.
- Fig. 1 will be explained below in conjunction with Fig. 11.
- a component 40 which may be, for example, a component 40 of a turbomachine or an aircraft engine, is built up in layers.
- Primarily metallic components 40 can be produced, for example, by laser or electron beam melting or sintering methods.
- at least one powder-form component material 48 is initially applied in layers in the region of a construction field or an assembly and joining zone 42, in order to form the layer 12.
- the component material 48 is locally solidified by supplying energy to the component material 48 in the region of the assembly and joining zone 42 by means of at least one energy beam, whereby the component material 48 melts or sinters and forms the component layer 10.
- the energy beam is controlled as a function of a layer information of the component layer 10 to be produced in each case.
- the layer information is usually generated from a 3D CAD body of the component 40 and subdivided into individual component layers 10.
- a component platform 46 is lowered by a predefined layer thickness. Thereafter, the steps mentioned are repeated until the final completion of the desired component area or of the entire component 40.
- the component region or the component 40 can in principle be produced on the component platform 46 or, for example, on an already produced part of the component 40, on a support structure or directly on a base plate 44 of the device 28.
- the advantages of this additive manufacturing are, in particular, the possibility of being able to produce very complex component geometries with cavities, undercuts and the like within the scope of a single method.
- a heating device 90 is used, by means of which the layer 12 can be heated in individual heating areas to a desired minimum temperature.
- the local heater 90 serves to improve z. B. the mechanical properties of a component 40 and has, for example, one or more relative to the layer 12 movable induction coil (s) 92a, 92b (see Fig. 3) or inductor (s) on.
- the prefabricated Base plate 44 are detected by the induction field. The heat is then transferred via thermal conduction / heat radiation into the overlying layer (s) 12.
- an area of the powder bed 12 that can be heated at an identical time to at least a minimum or a setpoint temperature only occupies a small portion of a construction field 42 or the component layer 10.
- the heating region of the local heating device 90 therefore generally has to be moved over the building field 42, so that the entire component layer 10 can be heated and irradiated.
- a scanning speed of the energy beam for example a laser beam 60 or an electron beam, is usually relatively high.
- An action field of the energy beam may include jumps or long distances on the layer 12, which are covered in a very short time (eg in the case of contour exposure, Iceland irradiation strategy).
- a displacement of the heating area (coil arrangement) takes place for mechanical and thermal reasons, in contrast, much slower.
- a heating device 90 with a cross-coil arrangement or an arrangement in which a small induction coil 92b is positioned in a larger induction coil 92a see FIG.
- the heating area 102 is approximately the area between the coil arms in which the effective areas of the induction coils 92a, 92b are superimposed on each other. Since a released test area 104 indicates a release of a subsequent irradiation, in practice a portion that is concealed by a coil arm disposed above must frequently be removed from said heating area 102.
- a corresponding manufacturing method can be configured differently.
- the additive production of the component layer 10 can generally be carried out sequentially, stepwise and / or successively.
- the layer 12 is subdivided on the basis of model data into a plurality of virtual subregions 14, which are selected successively in a predefined or dynamically determined order. This can be done, for example, with the aid of the control device 80.
- Each real subregion 14 of the layer 12 to be consolidated, which corresponds to a corresponding virtual subregion 14, is then heated locally in a heating region by means of the heating device 90. Subsequently, it is checked by means of a temperature measuring device comprehensive testing device 70 in a test area 104, whether a predetermined minimum temperature has been reached. After reaching the predetermined minimum temperature, the layer 12 is solidified in a solidification region 16.
- the real subregions 14, the heating regions 102, the test regions 104 and the solidification regions 16 may, but need not necessarily, correspond to identical regions of the layer 12.
- a heating region 102 may overlap with a virtual / real subregion 14, for example if the heating by means of the heating device 90 is not limited to a clearly delimited (real) subregion 14.
- a heating area 102 can also be a subset of a partial area 14, for example if the heating takes place exclusively within the (real) partial area 14.
- a test area 104 and / or a solidification area 16 can be identical to a (virtual / real) partial area 14 or overlap with it or represent a subset of the respective partial area 14.
- the individual virtual / real subregions 14 do not necessarily have to be geometrically related and are not necessarily part of a single component 40.
- the heating region 102 or the heating device 90 is displaced to another location of the layer 12 and heated in the processually following partial region 14 a process following heating area 102 directly or indirectly to the particular desired minimum temperature. After reaching the minimum temperature (released test area 104), the further portion 14 is solidified in the solidification area 16, etc., until the component layer 10 is completed.
- the steps "heating” and “exposing” or “irradiating” are coordinated in time in such a way that the shortest possible irradiation pauses occur, in other words the period during which the radiation is not irradiated is minimized, for example because first, the heating device 90 must travel to a target position in order to heat a heating region 102 in a subsequent subregion 14 or because the solidification region 16 is not (yet) irradiated because the required minimum temperature in the test region 104 has not yet been reached Irradiation of the entire component layer 10 is understood to be continuous or without interruption of the irradiation.
- Irradiation interruption is understood as meaning brief irradiation pauses which are interposed, for example, in the typical irradiation pattern of hatching between the scanning or scanning of individual lines which are essentially parallel to one another -Umlenkong a reversal process takes place without the beam being activated.
- the individual partial regions 14 can be arranged, for example, along one or more strip-shaped solidification regions 16, as shown in FIG. 1. In this way, successive solidification regions 16 result continuously or largely or quasi-continuously, since the layer 12 is locally heated in temporally and spatially successive heating regions of corresponding partial regions 14 and at least substantially continuously solidified after reaching the respective minimum temperature.
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic view of a further component layer 10, which is produced generatively by local solidification of a layer 12.
- the layer 12 is subdivided in a grid-like manner into rectangular or square virtual and thus also real subregions 14.
- some subregions 14 comprise boundary regions of the component layer 10 to be solidified and powder regions not to be solidified.
- the subregions 14 may also be defined such that they comprise exclusively solidification regions of the layer 12.
- it can generally be provided may be that some subregions 14 do not include solidification areas but are nevertheless heated directly or indirectly and / or that some subregions 14 have solidification areas, but are not or at least not preheated directly by the local heater 90.
- the minimum or target temperature By reaching the minimum or target temperature, it is possible to define subregions 14 which are not necessarily spatially related.
- the sequence of execution of the partial regions 14 depends, for example, on the time at which the minimum temperature or the vicinity of the actual temperature is reached at a respective setpoint or minimum temperature and takes place as far as possible in time for the release of the respective partial region 14 (triggers of FIG Release by reaching the minimum temperature).
- the geometrically continuous irradiation can likewise be interrupted if this permits a more advantageous irradiation or solidification or if the geometrical data of the component layer 10 to be produced make this necessary.
- the aim should always be to achieve solidification that is as continuous as possible, that is to say the lowest possible percentage of pause in the total duration of the exposure of the layer 12 per component layer 10 to be produced.
- the movement of the heating spot of the heating device 90 is preferably coupled to the direction or speed of the irradiation progress in order to achieve the most efficient "running paths" of the heating device 90 with regard to the total area of the component layer 10 to be irradiated Due to the relative inertia of the heating device 90, long paths without heating should generally be avoided as far as possible.
- a partial region 14 or a consolidation region 16, for example, can be locally defined via
- a partial region 14 or a solidification region 16 can be defined in terms of time, for example:
- precalculation as precalculation or predetermined.
- a partial region 14 or clusters of partial regions 14 or solidification regions can be irradiated with the alternative irradiation type "checkerboard pattern" or another suitable pattern, for example for local overheating in particularly sensitive regions such as tapered regions or contour regions avoid.
- overlapping regions may be provided. It can also be provided that individual, several or all regions (partial regions 14, heating regions 102, test regions 104, solidification regions 16) are determined differently depending on the process status, that is to say, for example, with a smaller surface before solidification and with a larger surface after solidification or vice versa , Thus, a one-sided or mutual dependence between the travel of the heating device 90 and the travel of the energy beam for the control and / or regulation of the device 28 is taken into account in principle.
- the real subregions 14 and the solidification regions 16 are usually selected identically.
- the heating regions 102 are selected such that each partial region 14 is heated in total to at least its respectively required minimum temperature, wherein it is not excluded that adjacent partial regions 14 may be heated, but without having to achieve the minimum temperature required for them.
- the test areas 104 are subsets of the respective partial areas 14, so that the instantaneous temperature or the achievement of the minimum temperature is not tested in the entire partial area 14. Instead, with the aid of empirical values, extrapolation or the like, based on the temperature in the test area 104, the temperature in the section of the assigned partial area 14 lying outside the test area 104 is closed. This principle can be used in principle in the context of the present disclosure, without being limited to the following embodiments.
- the heating, testing and solidification step of n subregions 14 (Xi .. .X n ) of a device layer 10 can in one embodiment be static and include the following steps:
- Test Set or minimum temperature in test area 104 for partial area 14
- Control With active release, continuous heating (possibly with changed heating rate or heating power HL) or cancellation of the heating of the partial area
- signal enable for deactivation of the heating of the heating area 102 of the assigned subarea 14 (Xi) (directly or with a time offset, eg due to an advantageous heat post-treatment); If applicable signal: Final release of sub-area 14 (Xi) after deactivation of the heating;
- Control displacement of the heating area (if necessary, maximum heating level) for heating the processually following subarea 14 (X 2 ) and execution of the process in an analogous manner for all remaining subareas 14 (X 2 ... X n ) of the device layer 10;
- the heating, testing and solidification step of the partial regions 14 (Xi... X n ) of a component layer 10 can take place dynamically and comprise the following steps and embodiments, individually and in any desired combination:
- the heating region is displaced to the next partial region 14 to be solidified.
- the buffer is sufficiently large, a permanent movement of the energy beam, possibly with acceleration and braking phases, can be achieved.
- Successive heated portions 14 may be displayed in a display device as segments released for irradiation to provide the user with the appropriate information. Irradiation of the respective component layer 10 takes place as continuously as possible or largely uninterrupted.
- the buffer at heated and released portions 14 is preferably adjusted so that it is not used up until the irradiation of the entire component layer 10 has ended.
- the movement of the comparatively narrow effective range of the heater 90 can be adjusted according to an average moving direction of an energy beam, the movement of the energy beam being usually perpendicular or at an angle of at least 45 °, that is, 45 °, 46 ° , 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63 °, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80 °, 81 °, 82 °, 83 °, 84 °, 85 °, 86 °, 87 °, 88 °, 89 ° or 90 ° to the direction of movement of the heater 90 on the layer 12 takes place.
- a ratio of "minimum run: minimum follow-up" is set between 1.5: 1 and 3: 1, that is, for example, 1.5: 1, 1.6: 1, 1.7: 1, 1 , 8: 1, 1.9: 1, 2.0: 1, 2.1: 1, 2.2: 1, 2.3: 1, 2.4: 1, 2.5: 1, 2.6 : 1, 2.7: 1, 2.8: 1, 2.9: 1 or 3: 1.
- a minimum number is determined for the irradiation of subregions 14 to be released before irradiation of the relevant component layer 10 starts. This offers the advantage that a buffer is created with the purpose that irradiation does not have to be ended after release of a segment or partial area 14, but can be continued immediately in a next released partial area 14.
- Example 5 A maximum number of irradiated or released partial regions 14 or segments is defined before a heating region of the heating device 90 is displaced. This offers the advantage that a buffer is created with the purpose that a heating area of the heating device 90 is displaced in good time, so that there is always a minimum number of released (ie sufficiently heated) test areas 14.
- the heating area of the heating device 90 is displaced, for example by moving an induction coil arrangement, namely by a certain distance or distance, so that at least one further to be irradiated Subarea 14 is at a distance or orientation to the heater 90, which allows heating to the particular desired minimum temperature value.
- An x / y control coordinate is calculated, for example by reference of a (eg regularly shaped) heating area or a (eg regularly shaped) hardening area.
- various parameters can be taken into account, such as the recording frequency (60 Hz) of an IR camera (test device 70) that can be used for temperature measurement of the layer 12, a hatching distance, a width of an irradiation strip or a scanning speed of the energy beam.
- a buffer is also preferably generated at subregions 14 which are released for irradiation.
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic plan view of a local heating device 90 with a large and a small induction coil 92a, 92b, which are arranged in their longitudinal extent parallel to a solidification advancing direction VR, that is to say in an ideal alignment with strip regions 14 ,
- the partial regions 14 are successively selected in the solidification advancing direction or feed direction VR, heated, tested and solidified after reaching the predetermined minimum temperature.
- FIG. 3 will be discussed below in conjunction with FIG. 4, which is a graph of a resulting temperature profile in a heater 90 shown in FIG Layer 12 shows. It can be seen that the solidification region 16 in the present case is selected congruently or identically with one of the partial regions 14, while the heating regions 102 are not congruent with the partial regions 14. As can be seen in FIG.
- Output temperature is a base temperature Tl, which prevails in the process chamber 30 and can be generated for example by the radiation heater 54 shown in Fig. 11 or even by the ambient temperature. It is basically variable and can be z. B. increase over a construction or manufacturing process away. Starting from the base temperature Tl, the temperature initially increases to a temperature T2 due to the induction effect of the large coil 92a.
- the exposure paths of the laser beam 60 symbolized by arrows increase the temperature of the layer 12 in the currently processed solidification region 16 to a temperature T4 above the melting temperature of the component material, so that the component material 48 is melted locally or selectively in the relevant partial region 14 or solidification region 16 and solidified.
- Fig. 3 further marked with circles projection areas 104 'in the region of the large and small induction coil 92a, 92b, in which due to the shading by the induction coils 92a, 92b no direct measurement of the temperature of the layer 12, for example by means of a thermal imaging camera or a tomography device of the test device 70, is possible. 4, the projection areas 104 'are also marked with circles. In these extrapolation areas 104 ', a projection or a An estimation based on experience is the direct determination or measurement of the current temperature.
- FIG. 5 shows a schematic plan view of the local heating device 90, wherein the induction coils 92a, 92b of their longitudinal extension are arranged obliquely to a solidification advancing direction VR, in which the strip-like or ribbon-shaped arranged partial regions 14 are to be solidified one after the other.
- the small induction coil 92b is shown. It can be seen that due to the oblique arrangement of the induction coil 92b relative to the direction of progress of the solidification process indicated by arrow VR, the rectangularly selected partial areas 14 of the layer 12 are shaded to different degrees. Therefore, the test areas 104 in the present case are selected such that they correspond only to a partial area of the respective partial area 14.
- each test area 104 may be selected to be less than 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 56%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77% , 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94 %, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% or 99% of the area of the respective portion 14 possesses.
- test areas 104 may have identical areas or area portions or individually selected or predetermined areas or area proportions. In general, the test areas 104 are of course to be selected so that a meaningful result can be determined. Those sections of a partial area 14 which are not within a test area 104 can either not be taken into account for the temperature test or, for example, by extrapolation or estimation on the basis of empirical values (projection areas 104 ').
- 6 shows a schematic plan view of the local heating device 90 with a plurality of associated heating regions 102, wherein, for reasons of clarity, only the smaller induction coil 92b is shown. FIG. 6 will be explained below in conjunction with FIG. 7, in which a diagram of a heater control of the heater 90 shown in FIG.
- the control of the heating power HL of the heating device 90 can take place, for example, by the control device 80.
- the heating control is shown by way of example for four processually successive partial areas 14, which are marked in FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 with Roman numerals (I-IV).
- the designated with I and II sections 14 can also be referred to as a flow can be referred to as caster, while the indicated with IV portion 14 and other portions 14 within the viewing window of the induction coil 92b, which results in the present case, a ratio of lead to caster of about 2: 3 results.
- a reheating phase then takes place, as a result of which the temperature drops to the value T5.
- the heating power HL which is directly coupled to the temperature profile T in the regions I, II and IV, is reduced in the region ⁇ , that is to say in the solidification region 16, to account for the additional energy input by the energy beam to wear.
- This ensures that the actual temperature T of the layer 12 always moves in a predetermined temperature band, which can be defined by a predetermined minimum temperature Tmin and a predetermined maximum temperature Tmax. This represents a particularly process-secure consolidation of
- Layer 12 and a qualitatively correspondingly high-quality component layer 10 safe since on the one hand a sufficient preheating of the component material 48 is ensured and on the other hand an inadmissible heating of the component material 48 is prevented. Since the solidification region 16 may not be able to be monitored by thermography, depending on the test device 70 used in each case, the control or regulation of the heating power HL is carried out, for example, by extrapolation, calculation and / or empirical values.
- FIG. 8 shows a schematic plan view of the local heating device 90, wherein the small induction coil 92b of its longitudinal extent is aligned perpendicular to a solidification progressing direction VR of the strip regions or belt-shaped arranged partial regions 14.
- the strip-like or band-shaped partial regions 14 thus form a segmented exposure strip.
- the large induction coil 92a is not shown for reasons of clarity. It can be seen that based on the solidification progress direction, VR is present.
- a ratio of supply: caster is 3: 2. It is understood that in principle also other conditions can be set by appropriate dimensioning of the induction coils 92a, 92b and / or the partial regions 14. For example, a ratio of flow: caster may be 4: 3.
- FIG. 9 shows a schematic plan view of the local heating device 90, wherein the small induction coil 92b is aligned relative to the partial regions 14 on the basis of a reference point RP.
- a center point of the field of view of the induction coil 92b is first determined, for example via the intersection of the diagonals D1, D2, and correlated with the aid of the control device 80 with a global coordinate system of the process chamber 30.
- a center line ML of the partial regions 14 arranged along an exposure strip is determined in the field of view of the induction coil 92b.
- the partial regions 14 are rectangular in the present example and each have the same distance d or the same dimensions.
- the reference point RP is determined, with the aid of which the respective solidification region 16, the respective lead and lag at partial regions 14 and / or the respective test regions 104 can be determined.
- a solder may be formally precipitated, which then stands perpendicular to a given orientation of strip-shaped arranged partial regions 14. Parallels to the solder then define limits of the assigned test areas 104 or partial areas 14.
- FIG. 10 shows a schematic plan view of the local heating device 90, of which again only the small induction coil 92b is shown. Furthermore, a plurality of subregions 14 are shown, which are again arranged in strips or bands in the direction of solidification X. It can be seen that the two test areas 104 shown by way of example and evaluated successively or simultaneously in terms of process are, on the one hand, not selected to be identical to their respective subareas 14 and, on the other hand, overlap one another in an overlap area 106. In the present case, the overlap amounts to 50%, although in principle deviating values above or below 50% may also be provided. Furthermore, basically more than two test areas 104 can overlap one another.
- FIG. 11 shows a schematic diagram of an exemplary embodiment of a device 28 according to the invention.
- the device 28 is embodied here as a laser sintering or laser melting device for the additive production of components 40. It is explicitly pointed out that the invention is not limited to laser sintering or laser melting devices, so that the device 28 can also be embodied, for example, as an electron beam sintering or melting device. In the following, the device 28 is therefore also referred to as "laser sintering device" without any restriction of generality.
- the device 28 has a process chamber 30 or a process chamber 30 with a chamber wall 32 in which substantially the manufacturing process takes place.
- a process chamber 30 In the process chamber 30 is an upwardly open container 34 with a container wall 36.
- the upper opening of the container 34 forms the respective current working level 38.
- the lying within the opening of the container 34 area of this working plane 38 can be used to build the component 40 and is therefore referred to as construction field 42 or as a construction and joining zone. It is generally sufficient if the process space sensor data SDS and model data used in the context of the invention refer to the area of the process space 30 defined by the construction field 42 (in other words, in the work plane), possibly also a part thereof.
- the container 34 has a movable in a vertical direction XI base plate 44 which is disposed on a support 47. This base plate 44 closes the container 34 down and thus forms its bottom.
- the base plate 44 may be integrally formed with the carrier 47, but it may also be a separately formed from the carrier 47 plate and attached to the carrier 47 or simply stored on this.
- a component platform 46 may be mounted as a construction substrate on the base plate 44, on which the component 40 is constructed. In principle, however, the component 40 can also be constructed on the base plate 44 itself, which then forms the component platform 46.
- the basic structure of the component 40 takes place in such a way that a layer of the powdered component material 48 or construction material is first applied to the component platform 46, then - as explained later - with a laser beam 60 at the points which parts of forming component 40, the component material 48 is selectively solidified, then with the aid of the carrier 47, the base plate 44 and thus the component platform 46 is lowered and a new layer of the component material 48 is applied and then selectively solidified. These steps are repeated until the completion of a component segment or a complete component 40.
- the component 40 constructed in the container 34 on the component platform 46 is shown here below the working plane 38 in an intermediate state. It already has several solidified layers, surrounded by unconsolidated component material 48.
- various materials can be used, preferably powder, in particular metal-based powder with a metal or metal alloy content of at least 50 vol .-%, or filled or mixed powders.
- Fresh component material 48 is located in a storage container 50 of the laser sintering device 28. With the aid of a coater 52 movable in a horizontal direction H, the component material 48 can be applied in the working plane 38 or within the construction field 42 in the form of a thin layer 12.
- a basically optional radiant heater 54 This can serve for global heating of the applied component material 48, so that an additionally used locally acting heater 90 can bring a lower level of energy. That is, it can, for example, with the help of the radiant heater 54 already a lot of
- the laser sintering device 28 has an irradiation device 56 or, in the example described here, an exposure device 56 with a laser source 58 as energy source.
- This laser 58 generates the laser beam 60, which is deflected by means of a deflecting device 62, in order thus to travel the exposure paths or tracks provided in the respectively selectively to be consolidated layer and selectively introduce the energy.
- this laser beam 60 is focused by a focusing device 64 on the working plane 38 in a suitable manner.
- the irradiation device 56 is here preferably outside the process chamber 30 and the laser beam 60 is via a mounted on the top of the process chamber 30 in the chamber wall 32 coupling window 66 is passed into the process chamber 30.
- the irradiation device 56 may include not only one but a plurality of lasers 58 and laser beams 60, respectively. This may preferably be gas or solid-state lasers. As an alternative or in addition, in principle one or more electron beam sources are also conceivable as the irradiation device 56.
- the laser sintering device 28 furthermore contains a sensor arrangement or test device 70 which is suitable for detecting a process radiation emitted on the component material 48 in the working plane 38 during the impingement of the laser beam 60 and for determining a measured value characterizing the temperature of the working plane 38.
- This test device 70 operates spatially resolved, d. H. In the present case, it is capable of detecting a type of emission image of the respective layer.
- the test device 70 preferably comprises a camera, for example a thermographic camera, which is sufficiently sensitive in the region of the emitted radiation. Alternatively or additionally, one or more sensors could be used to detect an optical and / or thermal process radiation, for. B.
- test device 70 is arranged within the process chamber 30. However, it could also be located outside the process chamber 30 and then detect the process radiation through a further window in the process chamber 30 or chamber wall 32.
- the signals detected by the test device 70 are transferred here as the process space sensor data record SDS to a control device 80 of the device 28, which also serves to control the various components of the device 28 for the entire control of the additive manufacturing process and which is set up at least to carry out an embodiment of the method according to the invention.
- the control device 80 has a processor device 82, which in the usual way uses the components of the irradiation.
- Direction 56 namely here the laser 58, the deflection device 62 and the focus sier worn 64, controls and for this purpose passes to this according to irradiation control data BS.
- the control device 80 also controls or regulates the radiant heater 54 by means of suitable heating control data HS, the movement of the component platform 46 in the direction XL by means of coating control data SD, and the movement of the component platform 46 in the direction XL by means of carrier control data TD Heating device 90, by means of which heating regions 102 can be locally heated in the assembly and joining zone 42.
- the heating device 90 can, for example, be embodied as induction heating, as shown in FIG. 3, and can have a movable arrangement over the construction field 42 consisting of a large induction coil 92a and a small induction coil 92b, wherein the small induction coil 92b can additionally be moved within the large induction coil 92a , so that the two induction fields can be selectively superimposed.
- suitable heating control data HS the movement of the component platform 46 in the direction XL by means of coating control data SD
- carrier control data TD Heating device 90 by means of which heating regions 102 can be locally heated in the assembly and joining zone 42.
- the controller 80 is here z. B. coupled via a bus system 84 or other wired and / or wireless data connection for data exchange with a computer device 86 with a display or other man-machine interface.
- a computer device 86 By means of this computer device 86, an operator can control and / or regulate the control device 80 and thus the entire device 28.
- the process space sensor data record SDS can also be visualized in a suitable manner on the display of the computer device 86.
- the present invention is not limited to a device 28 designed as a laser melting and / or laser sintering device or a device 28 for carrying out a laser melting and / or sintering method. It can be applied to any other method for the generative or additive production of a three-dimensional component by, in particular layered, application and selective solidification of a component material 48, wherein an energy beam for solidification is delivered to the component material 48 to be solidified.
- the radiation device 56 may not only be a laser 58 as described herein, but any means may be used to selectively apply energy to the component material 48 as wave and / or particle radiation can.
- a laser another light source, an electron beam, etc. could be used.
- FIG. 10 it is possible and usually also customary to produce a plurality of components 40 in the process chamber 30 or in the container 34 during a construction process, ie within a similar period of time.
- various additive production variants can be carried out with the aid of the method according to the invention or with the aid of the device 28 according to the invention, and corresponding advantages with regard to process reliability and component quality of a correspondingly produced component layer 10 or of a complete component 40 can be achieved.
- the invention thus provides a simple and effective solution to the problem of tuning continuous heating and continuous irradiation of potentially irregular surfaces, which combines the goals of safely and quickly performing the process and enables the additive production of maximum layer quality device layers 10.
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Abstract
Description
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| PCT/EP2018/070482 WO2019034394A1 (de) | 2017-08-17 | 2018-07-27 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum additiven herstellen wenigstens einer bauteilschicht eines bauteils und speichermedium |
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| EP3656489A1 (de) * | 2018-11-22 | 2020-05-27 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Regelungsverfahren für die additive herstellung |
| DE102019101429A1 (de) * | 2019-01-21 | 2020-07-23 | Ruag Ammotec Ag | Komponente für eine Schusswaffe, Schusswaffe und Fertigungsverfahren für eine Komponente für eine Schusswaffe |
| DE102019105000A1 (de) * | 2019-02-27 | 2020-08-27 | Eos Gmbh Electro Optical Systems | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum generativen Herstellen wenigstens einer Bauteilschicht eines Bauteils |
| US12275192B2 (en) * | 2019-05-23 | 2025-04-15 | The Boeing Company | Additive manufacturing with adjusted cooling responsive to thermal characteristic of workpiece |
| EP4058290B1 (de) * | 2019-12-13 | 2023-12-27 | Siemens Industry Software Inc. | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum entwurf und zur herstellung eines bauteils in einer rechnergestützten design- und herstellungsumgebung |
| CN115697594B (zh) * | 2020-05-27 | 2025-05-30 | 速尔特技术有限公司 | 用于增材制造的打印盒 |
| US12257779B2 (en) * | 2020-09-17 | 2025-03-25 | Concept Laser Gmbh | Controlling irradiation parameters of an additive manufacturing machine |
| JP2023544095A (ja) * | 2020-10-06 | 2023-10-20 | リンデ ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツング | 部分的に付加製造された、技術装置用構成部品の製造方法 |
| US12269090B2 (en) | 2021-08-10 | 2025-04-08 | General Electric Company | System and method for additive manufacturing control |
| CN114924529B (zh) * | 2022-06-20 | 2024-06-18 | 九众九机器人有限公司 | 一种机器人配对控制方法、装置、电子设备及存储介质 |
| CN115415547B (zh) * | 2022-11-07 | 2023-03-24 | 北京清研智束科技有限公司 | 电子束扫描方法、装置、设备及介质 |
| EP4566797A1 (de) * | 2023-12-05 | 2025-06-11 | EOS GmbH Electro Optical Systems | Verfahren und regelvorrichtung zur regelung einer bestrahlung in einem fertigungsverfahren zur additiven fertigung von objekten |
| WO2025194131A1 (en) * | 2024-03-15 | 2025-09-18 | Precision Additive Solutions Inc. | Additive manufacturing systems and methods |
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2017
- 2017-08-17 DE DE102017118831.2A patent/DE102017118831A1/de active Pending
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2018
- 2018-07-27 CN CN201880053386.9A patent/CN111356962B/zh active Active
- 2018-07-27 US US16/639,227 patent/US20200198010A1/en active Pending
- 2018-07-27 WO PCT/EP2018/070482 patent/WO2019034394A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2018-07-27 EP EP18748891.1A patent/EP3669243A1/de active Pending
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20160288209A1 (en) * | 2013-11-27 | 2016-10-06 | MTU Aero Engines AG | Method and device for additively manufacturing at least one component region of a component |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN111356962A (zh) | 2020-06-30 |
| WO2019034394A1 (de) | 2019-02-21 |
| US20200198010A1 (en) | 2020-06-25 |
| DE102017118831A1 (de) | 2019-02-21 |
| CN111356962B (zh) | 2023-06-09 |
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