EP3634133A1 - Procédé de sélection de colonies d'abeilles présentant le caractère vsh et composition et kit pour sa mise en uvre - Google Patents
Procédé de sélection de colonies d'abeilles présentant le caractère vsh et composition et kit pour sa mise en uvreInfo
- Publication number
- EP3634133A1 EP3634133A1 EP18749422.4A EP18749422A EP3634133A1 EP 3634133 A1 EP3634133 A1 EP 3634133A1 EP 18749422 A EP18749422 A EP 18749422A EP 3634133 A1 EP3634133 A1 EP 3634133A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- substance
- methyl
- ethyl
- bees
- colony
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N35/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having two bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. aldehyde radical
- A01N35/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having two bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. aldehyde radical containing aliphatically bound aldehyde or keto groups, or thio analogues thereof; Derivatives thereof, e.g. acetals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/02—Saturated carboxylic acids or thio analogues thereof; Derivatives thereof
Definitions
- the present invention is in the field of beekeeping, and more particularly the protection of bees against the parasite Varroa destructor and the selection of colonies resistant to this parasite.
- the present invention relates to a method for determining whether a bee colony has the specific hygienic character of the parasite Varroa destructor, as well as the use of particular substances for such a determination.
- the invention also relates to a composition adapted to the implementation of such a method, as well as a kit for this implementation.
- the parasite Varroa destructor has become the main pathogenic threat of insects of the species Apis mellifera, commonly named, and referred to in this description, for convenience, by the terms “honey bees", “honey bees” "Or simply” bees ".
- This parasite which will be referred to in the present description also by the simple term Varroa, reproduces on developing broods, transmitting on this occasion to the latter several viral species. This causes significant damage in bee colonies, because broods then produce dysfunctional and very short-lived adults, disrupting the social balance of the colony. In the absence of control of this parasite, infested colonies of bees usually disappear in 2 to 3 years.
- VSH behavior for Varroa Sensitive Hygiene English - specific hygienic behavior of Varroa.
- the alveoli containing Varroa females accompanied by immature are preferentially targeted by bees carrying the VSH character. This VSH behavior allows bees to eliminate immature varroa mites.
- Varroa females in VSH-expressing honeybee colonies frequently fail in their reproductive cycles. This failure of Varroa reproduction is called SMR (for the English Suppressed mite reproduction).
- the present invention aims at remedying the drawbacks of the solutions proposed by the prior art for evaluating whether a bee colony is resistant to the Varroa parasite, in particular to the disadvantages described above, by proposing a method for determining in vivo, directly in the hive, if a colony of bees of the species Apis mellifera has the specific hygienic character of the parasite Varroa destructor, this method being easy to implement, preferably by beekeepers themselves, and moreover at low cost.
- Said substance is in particular chosen from:
- the substance is applied in the hive in such a way that it can be detected by the bee, for example in an olfactory manner.
- the application of the substance (s) in the hive is not limited in particular to conditions ensuring that the bee can come into contact with the substance (s).
- the reference response level depends on several parameters, including the type of response analyzed, the particular substance (s) used, their applied concentration in the hive, the method of application, etc. . For a given set of operating parameters, it is within the skills of a person skilled in the art to determine, for a given type of response, the level of reference response which is indicative of the fact that the colony of bees tested has the character specific hygienic of the parasite Varroa destructor. For this purpose, a person skilled in the art may for example carry out, prior to the implementation of the method according to the invention, comparative tests on colonies of guinea pig bees, more particularly to implement on these colonies of bees.
- the method according to the present invention proves particularly simple to implement, in vivo and directly in the hive, which makes it quite suitable for implementation by the beekeepers themselves.
- the type of response analyzed is chosen so as not to require complex and expensive analysis equipment or a long and constraining analysis procedure.
- the method according to the invention thus constitutes a particularly practical tool for estimating the resistance potential of bee colonies to the parasite Varroa destructor, by identifying colonies having a behavior of detection and cleaning parasitized brood cells.
- the process according to the invention constitutes an effective tool for assisting the selection of bee colonies whose breeding must be promoted.
- the method according to the invention may furthermore respond to one or more of the characteristics described below, implemented individually or in each of their technically operating combinations.
- the application of the substance into the hive is carried out by applying this substance to an element in the hive, and the level of response of the bee colony to the hive. exposure to this substance is a level of destruction of this element by the bee colony.
- the analysis of such a type of response that is to say the level of destruction of a given element, which reflects particularly well the natural VSH behavior of bees, whose natural reaction in the presence of Varroa parasite is to uncapping and cleaning infested broods provides a particularly reliable assessment of the VSH character of the bee colony.
- the carrier element of the substance (s) according to the invention may as well be a constituent element of the hive, such as a capped brood frame, an object outside the hive, which is introduced into the beehive for the purposes of the process according to the invention.
- the application of the substance (s) on this element can be carried out in any conventional manner in itself, for example by spraying, dipping, injection, etc.
- the substance (s) may in particular be used in a composition comprising them in a physiologically compatible vehicle, that is to say harmless to bees, and preferably having no effect significant on their behavior.
- This vehicle may as well be in liquid form, in which the substance or substances are solubilized and / or in suspension, or in solid form, in which the substance or substances are dispersed in powder form.
- the reference response level is a reference numerical value.
- the method according to the invention then comprises quantifying a level of response of the bee colony to exposure to said substance according to the invention, and then comparing the value thus obtained to a reference threshold value, which has been predetermined to be indicative of the fact that the bee colony has the specific hygienic character of the parasite Varroa destructor, especially as indicated above.
- the reference response level may otherwise be of any type, and in particular consist of a reference template, which is intended to be compared, for example visually, with the element used as a test in the hive, and whose level of destruction is analyzed in the context of the invention.
- the determination of the level of response of the bee colony following its exposure to the substance is carried out after at least 1 hour, preferably after at least 2 hours, or after at least 8 hours, or after at least 24 hours, and for example after at least 48 hours, exposure of the bee colony to said substance.
- the application of the substance in the hive is performed at a capped brood frame of the hive.
- This application can be performed by injection of the substance (s) in cells of this frame, or alternatively, by spraying the substance (s) on this frame.
- This latter method is particularly preferred in the context of the invention, because simple and quick to implement.
- This step can be carried out away from the hive, the frame being removed from the hive before reintroducing into the hive once treated. Preferably, it is carried out in situ, where appropriate by extracting the frame of the hive entirely, or only partially.
- the application of the substance (s) at a frame of the hive may consist of spraying the substance (s) on a surface of the frame equivalent to 100 cells.
- the level of response of the bee colony to the exposure to the substance can then be a rate of cells of the frame having been uncapped by the bee colony further. the application of the substance, in relation to the total number of cells to which the substance has been applied.
- the reference level of response is a threshold rate, above which any result is indicative of a colony of bees carrying the VSH character, and for which and below which any result is indicative of a colony of non-bearer bees of the VSH trait. It has been established by the present inventors that this threshold level is about 55% of cells bee-capped, relative to the total cells at which the substance has been applied. It may vary according to several parameters, in particular depending on the particular substance used, its concentration applied in the hive, application methods, etc.
- the application of the substance in the hive is carried out by introducing into the hive an outer element destructible by the bees, carrying this substance in such a way that the bees of the colony can detect its presence in the hive, for example olfactory way.
- the element is impregnated with the substance.
- the level of response of the bee colony to the exposure to the substance is then the proportion of the element that was destroyed by the bee colony following introduction into the hive. the element carrying the substance (s) according to the invention.
- This proportion may in particular be determined by calculating a difference in mass between the known initial mass of the element and its final mass, after a given time of presence in the hive.
- the amount of substance applied in the hive for carrying out the method according to the invention depends on the particular substance and the chosen method of application.
- the method comprises the simultaneous application of at least two or more of these substances, or even all of these substances.
- the process may comprise the simultaneous application of a plurality of these substances, any number and any combination of these substances falling within the scope of the invention.
- the method comprises the application in the hive of at least one substance chosen from tricosan-2-one, pentacosan-2-one and tetracosyl acetate, heptacosan-2-one, hexacosyl acetate and nonacosan-2-one; in particular at least two, at least three, at least four or at least five of these substances, or all of these six substances.
- This substance (s) may be applied in the hive in combination with one or more substances selected from methyl palmitate, ethyl palmitate, methyl stearate, methyl oleate, stearate ethyl, ethyl oleate, ethyl linoleate and methyl linolenate; especially in combination with at least two, at least three, at least four, at least five, at least six or at least seven of these substances; or in combination with a mixture of methyl palmitate, ethyl palmitate, methyl stearate, methyl oleate, ethyl stearate, ethyl oleate, ethyl linoleate and methyl linolenate.
- the process according to the invention may, in addition, or otherwise, comprise the application in the hive of at least two substances chosen from methyl palmitate, ethyl palmitate, methyl stearate, methyl oleate, ethyl stearate, ethyl oleate, ethyl linoleate and methyl linolenate; in particular at least three, at least four, at least five, at least six or at least seven of these substances; or a mixture of methyl palmitate, ethyl palmitate, methyl stearate, methyl oleate, ethyl stearate, ethyl oleate, ethyl linoleate and methyl linolenate.
- the substance (s) may be used alone, on a support, in particular a solid support, or in a composition containing them in a vehicle that is physiologically compatible with implementation in the presence of bees.
- this vehicle is chosen so as to solubilize the substance (s) according to the invention. It is further preferably chosen so as not to have a substantial impact on the behavior of the bees.
- the method according to the invention can be applied to one or more colonies of the same apiary.
- the results that can be obtained for each of the colonies tested, in terms of the level of response to the exposure to the substance (s), can be compared with each other, so as to determine which colonies present the specific hygienic character of parasite Varroa destructor ⁇ e most important.
- the present invention relates to the use of at least one substance chosen from tricosan-2-one, pentacosan-2-one, tetracosyl acetate, heptacosan-2-one, and hexacosyl acetate, nonacosan-2-one, methyl palmitate, ethyl palmitate, methyl stearate, methyl oleate, ethyl stearate, ethyl oleate, linoleate and methyl linolenate, or any of their mixtures, to determine whether a bee colony of the species Apis mellifera has the specific hygienic character of parasite Varroa destructor.
- This substance may especially be a mixture of methyl palmitate, ethyl palmitate, methyl stearate, methyl oleate, ethyl stearate, ethyl oleate, ethyl linoleate and methyl linolenate.
- This use may meet one or more of the features described above with reference to the method provided by the present invention for determining whether a bee colony of the Apis mellifera species of a hive exhibits the specific hygienic character of the parasite. Varroa destructor.
- compositions in particular in solid form or in liquid form, particularly suitable for the implementation of a method according to the invention.
- This composition contains at least one substance chosen from tricosan-2-one, pentacosan-2-one, tetracosyl acetate, heptacosan-2-one, hexacosyl acetate and nonacosan-2-one.
- It contains, for example, at least one substance chosen from: tricosan-2-one, pentacosan-2-one, tetracosyl acetate, heptacosan-2-one, hexacosyl acetate, nonacosyl 2-one and a mixture of methyl palmitate, ethyl palmitate, methyl stearate, methyl oleate, ethyl stearate, ethyl oleate, ethyl linoleate and methyl linolenate, in a vehicle physiologically compatible with use in the presence of bees of the species Apis mellifera.
- Physiologically compatible means that the vehicle has no toxicity to bees, and preferably no substantial impact on their behavior.
- This vehicle may as well be in liquid form as in solid form, for example pulverulent.
- the vehicle is in liquid form, and the substance (s) are soluble therein. They may otherwise be in suspension.
- the vehicle used is isohexane.
- composition according to the invention may contain a single substance chosen from tricosan-2-one, pentacosan-2-one, tetracosyl acetate, heptacosan-2-one, hexacosyl acetate, nonacosan -2-one, methyl palmitate, ethyl palmitate, methyl stearate, methyl oleate, ethyl stearate, ethyl oleate, ethyl linoleate and methyl linolenate .
- the composition contains at least nonacosan-2-one, alone or in admixture with one or more of the tricosan-2-one, pentacosan-2-one, tetracosyl acetate, heptacosan-2-one, hexacosyl acetate, methyl palmitate, ethyl palmitate, methyl stearate, methyl oleate, ethyl stearate, ethyl oleate, ethyl linoleate and methyl linolenate
- composition according to the invention contains, for example, at least nonacosan-2-one and a mixture of methyl palmitate, ethyl palmitate, methyl stearate, methyl oleate, ethyl stearate, ethyl oleate, ethyl linoleate and methyl linolenate; optionally with one or more of the tricosan-2-one, pentacosan-2-one, tetracosyl acetate, heptacosan-2-one, hexacosyl acetate.
- It may, for example, contain at least one nonacosan-2-one and at least one substance, preferably at least two substances, or at least three substances, at least four substances, or preferably at least five substances, among the tricosan-2 -one, pentacosan-2-one, tetracosyl acetate, heptacosan-2-one and hexacosyl acetate.
- the composition does not contain, as a substance according to the invention, a mixture of methyl palmitate, ethyl palmitate, methyl stearate, methyl oleate, stearate of ethyl oleate, ethyl lineate, methyl linolenate, excluding tricosan-2-one, pentacosan-2-one, tetracosyl acetate, heptacosan-2-one, hexacosyl acetate and nonacosan-2-one.
- composition according to the invention may especially contain at least one substance chosen from tricosan-2-one, pentacosan-2-one, tetracosyl acetate, heptacosan-2-one, hexacosyl acetate and nonacosan-2-one. It may contain at least two, at least three, at least four or at least five of these substances, or all of these six substances.
- composition according to the invention may for example contain a mixture of tricosan-2-one, pentacosan-2-one, tetracosyl acetate, heptacosan-2-one, hexacosyl acetate and nonacosan-2-one, as well as a or a plurality of substances selected from methyl palmitate, ethyl palmitate, methyl stearate, methyl oleate, ethyl stearate, ethyl oleate, ethyl linoleate and methyl linolenate .
- composition according to the invention may otherwise contain a mixture of methyl palmitate, ethyl palmitate, methyl stearate, methyl oleate, ethyl stearate, ethyl oleate, ethyl linoleate and methyl linolenate, and one or more substances selected from tricosan-2 -one, pentacosan-2-one, tetracosyl acetate, heptacosan-2-one, hexacosyl acetate and nonacosan-2-one.
- composition according to the invention may otherwise, for example, contain, as a substance according to the invention, only tetracosyl acetate and hexacosyl acetate, as a mixture.
- This or these substance (s) may be in the composition according to the invention in combination with one or more of the substances chosen from methyl palmitate, ethyl palmitate, methyl stearate, methyl oleate, ethyl stearate, ethyl oleate, ethyl linoleate and methyl linolenate; especially in combination with at least two, at least three, at least four, at least five, at least six or at least seven of these substances; or in combination with a mixture of methyl palmitate, ethyl palmitate, methyl stearate, methyl oleate, ethyl stearate, ethyl oleate, ethyl linoleate and methyl linolenate.
- composition according to the invention may otherwise contain, as substances according to the invention, only substances selected from tricosan-2-one, pentacosan-2-one, tetracosyl acetate, heptacosamine and 2- one, hexacosyl acetate and nonacosan-2-one, especially only these six substances in mixture with each other.
- composition according to the invention may also contain at least two substances chosen from methyl palmitate, ethyl palmitate, methyl stearate, methyl oleate, ethyl stearate and ethyl oleate. , ethyl linoleate and methyl linolenate, for example at least three, at least four, at least five, at least six or at least seven of these substances.
- composition according to the invention may contain the following substances, in the following respectively associated proportions, expressed by weight relative to the total weight of these substances: tricosan-2-one (4.8%), pentacosan -2-one (1 1, 9%), tetracosyl acetate (1 1, 9%), heptacosan-2-one (47.6%), hexacosyl acetate (9.5%) and nonacosyl 2-one (14.3%).
- composition according to the invention may contain the following substances, in the following respectively associated proportions, expressed by weight relative to the total weight of these substances: methyl palmitate (8.1%), ethyl palmitate (27.0%) %), methyl stearate (8.1%), methyl oleate (8.1%), ethyl stearate (21.6%), ethyl oleate (5.4%), ethyl linoleate ( 19.0%) and methyl linolenate (2.7%).
- kits for implementing a method according to the invention comprises: at least one substance chosen from tricosan-2-one, pentacosan-2-one, tetracosyl acetate, heptacosan-2-one, hexacosyl acetate and nonacosan-2 -one, methyl palmitate, ethyl palmitate, methyl stearate, methyl oleate, ethyl stearate, ethyl oleate, ethyl linoleate and methyl linolenate, or any of their mixtures; for example at least one substance selected from tricosan-2-one, pentacosan-2-one, tetracosyl acetate, heptacosan-2-one, hexacosyl acetate, nonacosan-2-one and a mixture of methyl palmitate, ethyl palmitate, methyl
- this kit preferably contains the level of reference response indicative of the fact that the bee colony has the specific hygienic character of the parasite Varroa destructor, associated with the particular mode of application of the substance (s) in the hive corresponding to the implementation instructions provided.
- the kit comprises an element that can be destroyed by the bees, and capable of conveying the substance (s) in such a way that the bees of the colony can detect its presence when the element is introduced into the hive.
- This element is particularly capable of being impregnated with the substance (s).
- the element and the substance (s), in particular in the form of a composition containing them in a suitable vehicle, may be present in the kit separately, and intended to be assembled by the user himself, especially the beekeeper, for example extemporaneously.
- the element may be present in the kit in a form in which the element already carries the substance, so that the bees of the colony can detect its presence when the element is introduced into the hive.
- the element may be present in the kit in pre-impregnated form with the substance (s) according to the invention.
- the kit according to the invention may further comprise a reference element, also called template element, or reference template, indicative of the fact that the bee colony has the specific hygienic character of the parasite Varroa destructor.
- This reference element is intended to be compared with the element carrying the substance (s) according to the invention having been implemented according to the invention, that is to say having been introduced into the beehive, to determine, in particular visually or by comparative weighing, whether the tested bee colony is or is not carrying the HSV trait.
- FIG. 1 shows a bar graph representing the response of bee colonies, expressed as the rate of uncapping (plus or minus the standard error SE), by the colonies of bees, after 48 hours of exposure to the following compositions , injected into the lids of frames of the hive: isohexane ("Iso", negative control), extract of dead nymphs ("NM”, positive control), composition according to the invention ("C1") at different dilution rates ;
- Iso negative control
- NM extract of dead nymphs
- C1 composition according to the invention
- FIG. 2 shows bar graphs, representing the response of bee colonies, expressed as the rate of uncapping (plus or minus the standard SE error), by the bee colonies, after 48 hours of exposure to the compositions. following, injected into the lids of frames of the hive: isohexane ("Iso", negative control), extract of dead nymphs ("NM”, positive control), and different compositions according to the invention, for different concentrations (concentrations in substances according to the invention 3 times more important in b / than a /);
- Iso isohexane
- NM extract of dead nymphs
- FIG. 3 shows a bar graph, representing the response of bee colonies, expressed as the rate of uncapping (plus or minus the standard SE error), by the bee colonies, after 48 hours of exposure to the compositions. following, injected into the lids of frames of the hive: isohexane ("Iso", negative control), extract of dead nymphs ("NM1", positive control), and various compositions according to the invention (C1 0 , C220, C3, Cl30, C230, C4);
- FIG. 4 shows graphs illustrating the results obtained for colonies of bees tested in parallel for their SMR score on the one hand, and by the method according to the invention on the other hand, the result then being expressed in FIG. rate of desoperculation by bee colonies after 48 hours of exposure to the composition according to the invention, injected into the lids of frames of the hive; for different compositions according to the invention: a / C1 0 , b / C2 2 o and cl C3.
- Substances / combinations of substances were solubilized in isohexane and exposed to brood by injection of 1 ⁇ . of the composition obtained through the opercle of alveoli containing nymphs with white to pink eyes using a Hamilton syringe.
- the first step was the validation of the bioassay.
- the treatments were considered as negative controls if after injection they did not trigger more hygienic activity on the treated cells than on untreated cells.
- Three different negative controls were tested: pierced cells (cells injected with 1 ⁇ l of air), isohexane (alveoli injected with 1 ⁇ l of isohexane), extracts of non-parasitized nymphs (cells injected with 1 ⁇ l of extract from non-parasitized nymphs at the violet-eye stage). None of the three controls triggered significant hygienic activity compared to cells that were not handled.
- the negative control from isohexane was chosen as a negative control for the following experiments.
- the validation of the field behavioral test also required the identification of a biological extract containing odors to which bees may be naturally exposed in a colony, and which, when injected through the lid of the brood cells, would trigger a high level of hygienic activity.
- Preliminary tests have shown that the injection of an extract obtained from 10 dead nymphs prepared in isohexane triggers a quasi-systematic hygienic type response, with an average of 85% of the targeted treated cells. This response is significantly higher than that obtained for the negative control.
- the extracts of dead nymphs were therefore used as a positive control in the field test.
- Negative controls included injection of 1 ⁇ . of air, of 1 ⁇ . isohexane ("Iso") or 1 ⁇ . extracts of non-parasitized nymphs (NP).
- the positive control consisted of 1 ⁇ . of dead nymphs (NM) extract.
- the NM extract was prepared for this purpose by immersion of 10 dead nymphs in 2 ml of isohexane for 10 min, recovery of the extract, then concentration under a stream of nitrogen and addition of 1 ⁇ . isohexane.
- compositions according to the invention Several compositions have been prepared using different substances / mixtures of substances according to the invention.
- the compounds methyl palmitate, ethyl palmitate, methyl stearate, methyl oleate, ethyl stearate, ethyl oleate, ethyl linoleate and methyl linolenate were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, and the tricosane compounds.
- 2-one, pentacosan-2-one, tetracosyl acetate, heptacosan-2-one, hexacosyl acetate and nonacosan-2-one have been synthesized by Omega-Cat System (Rennes, France).
- the purity of the compounds varied between 94 and 99%.
- the identity of all compounds was verified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).
- GC-MS gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
- the compounds were solubilized in isohexane, except for 2-heptacosanone and 2-nonacosanone which were solubilized in a first time in cyclohexane. All dilutions were made with pure isohexane for all compounds. The compounds and mixtures were tested in different concentrations.
- composition designated C1
- C1 contains the following compounds, in the following proportions by weight, relative to the total weight of these compounds in the composition: tricosan-2-one (4.8%), pentacosan-2-one (1 , 9%), tetracosyl acetate (1 1, 9%), heptacosan-2-one (47.6%), hexacosyl acetate (9.5%) and nonacosan-2-one (14.3%). %).
- This composition is used at the following different dilutions in the isohexane: undiluted (C1 5 o), diluted 1, 67 times (C1 3 o), diluted 2.5 times (C1 20 ), diluted 5 times (C1 10 ), diluted 10 times (C1 5 ), diluted 50 times (C1 i), and diluted 100 times (Cl os).
- the comparison of the response obtained for each dose of composition injected indicates that a significant response is obtained when the dilution ratios of 10 times or less of the composition C1 are used.
- the highest dose tested triggers a response similar to that obtained with the positive control ("NM").
- composition C1 at the dilution rates of 5 times (C1 10) and 1.67 times (C130) was used.
- TrCO tricosan-2-one
- PCO pentacosan-2-one
- TCA tetracosyl acetate
- HPCO heptacosan-2-one
- HCA hexacosyl acetate
- NCO nonacosacan 2-one
- composition C1 described in Example 1, at the dilution rates of 5 times (C1 10) and of 1.67 times (C1 ⁇ );
- composition C2 containing, in isohexane: methyl palmitate 900 mg / l, ethyl palmitate 3000 mg / l, methyl stearate 900 mg / l, methyl oleate 900 mg / l, ethyl stearate 2400 mg / ml ethyl oleate 600 mg / l, ethyl linoleate 2100 mg / l and linolenate 300 mg / l; undiluted (C2 30) or diluted 1, 5 times (C2 20);
- composition C3 containing, in isohexane: tricosan-2-one 200 mg / l, pentacosan-2-one 500 mg / l, tetracosyl acetate 500 mg / l, heptacosan-2-one 2000 mg / l, acetate of hexacosyl 400 mg / l, nonacosan-2-one 600 mg / l, methyl palmitate 600 mg / l, ethyl palmitate 2000 mg / l, methyl stearate 600 mg / l, methyl oleate 600 mg / l, ethyl stearate 1600 mg / l, ethyl oleate 400 mg / l, ethyl linoleate 1400 mg / l and methyl linolenate 200 mg / l; undiluted;
- composition C4 containing, in isohexane: tricosan-2-one 600 mg / l, pentacosan-2-one 1500 mg / l, tetracosyl acetate 1500 mg / l, heptacosan-2-one 6000 mg / l, acetate of hexacosyl 1200 mg / l, nonacosan-2-one 1800 mg / l, methyl palmitate 900 mg / l, ethyl palmitate 3000 mg / l, methyl stearate 900 mg / l, methyl oleate 900 mg / l, ethyl stearate 2400 mg / l, ethyl oleate 600 mg / l, ethyl linoleate 2100 mg / l and linolenate 300 mg / l; undiluted.
- compositions C1 i 0 , C2 2 o and C3 the number of colonies tested was 9.
- the number of colonies tested was 17.
- Iso isohexane alone
- NM dead nymph extract
- compositions C1-i 0 (18 colonies), C2 2 o (17 colonies), and C3 (9 colonies) according to the invention, described in Example 3, were used.
- a reference value can be established, expressed in the form of a threshold uncapping rate, above which it can be determined by comparison with the SMR score (of which it is known from the prior art that it is greater than 0.5 for bees carrying the character VSH), that the colony of bees tested is carrying the VSH character.
- this threshold level is 63%, for the composition C2 2 where it is 55%, and for the composition C3 it is 62%.
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- Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Measuring Or Testing Involving Enzymes Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1754978A FR3066884B1 (fr) | 2017-06-06 | 2017-06-06 | Procede de selection de colonies d’abeilles presentant le caractere vsh et composition et kit pour sa mise en œuvre |
| PCT/FR2018/051295 WO2018224765A1 (fr) | 2017-06-06 | 2018-06-05 | Procédé de sélection de colonies d'abeilles présentant le caractère vsh et composition et kit pour sa mise en œuvre |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3634133A1 true EP3634133A1 (fr) | 2020-04-15 |
Family
ID=59930473
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP18749422.4A Withdrawn EP3634133A1 (fr) | 2017-06-06 | 2018-06-05 | Procédé de sélection de colonies d'abeilles présentant le caractère vsh et composition et kit pour sa mise en uvre |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP3634133A1 (fr) |
| AU (1) | AU2018279230A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3066884B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2018224765A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2638326B1 (fr) * | 1988-11-03 | 1991-01-25 | Agronomique Inst Nat Rech | Procede pour la lutte biologique contre la varroatose et dispositifs pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede |
| FR2692106B1 (fr) * | 1992-06-16 | 1994-09-02 | Agronomique Inst Nat Rech | Procédé de modulation du comportement des abeilles ouvrières par des phéromones de couvain. |
| US6595828B2 (en) * | 2001-02-02 | 2003-07-22 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Synthetic bee pollen foraging pheromone and uses thereof |
| US7727517B2 (en) * | 2006-09-07 | 2010-06-01 | Contech Enterprises Inc. | Stabilized brood pheromone for manipulating the behavior and physiology of honey bees |
| WO2009059415A1 (fr) * | 2007-11-07 | 2009-05-14 | Contech Enterprises Inc. | Dispositif à libération lente pour délivrer une phéromone de couvain d'abeilles stabilisée à l'intérieur de la ruche |
| EP2695517B1 (fr) * | 2012-08-09 | 2019-02-06 | Interbran Nature GmbH | Composition de phéromones pour le traitement d'une infestation par des acariens varroa |
| WO2017139261A1 (fr) * | 2016-02-12 | 2017-08-17 | Bayer Cropscience Lp | Procédé de lutte contre des acariens parasites |
-
2017
- 2017-06-06 FR FR1754978A patent/FR3066884B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2018
- 2018-06-05 EP EP18749422.4A patent/EP3634133A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2018-06-05 AU AU2018279230A patent/AU2018279230A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2018-06-05 WO PCT/FR2018/051295 patent/WO2018224765A1/fr not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2018224765A1 (fr) | 2018-12-13 |
| FR3066884A1 (fr) | 2018-12-07 |
| AU2018279230A1 (en) | 2020-01-16 |
| FR3066884B1 (fr) | 2020-12-18 |
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