EP3633313B1 - Enclosure for ammunition and ammunition including such an enclosure - Google Patents

Enclosure for ammunition and ammunition including such an enclosure Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3633313B1
EP3633313B1 EP19199978.8A EP19199978A EP3633313B1 EP 3633313 B1 EP3633313 B1 EP 3633313B1 EP 19199978 A EP19199978 A EP 19199978A EP 3633313 B1 EP3633313 B1 EP 3633313B1
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European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
shell
cells
wall
ammunition
explosive
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EP19199978.8A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3633313A1 (en
Inventor
Rémi Boulanger
Frédéric Nozeres
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Nexter Munitions SA
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Nexter Munitions SA
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Publication of EP3633313A1 publication Critical patent/EP3633313A1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/20—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type
    • F42B12/22—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type with fragmentation-hull construction
    • F42B12/24—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type with fragmentation-hull construction with grooves, recesses or other wall weakenings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/20—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type
    • F42B12/22—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type with fragmentation-hull construction
    • F42B12/32—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type with fragmentation-hull construction the hull or case comprising a plurality of discrete bodies, e.g. steel balls, embedded therein or disposed around the explosive charge

Definitions

  • the technical field of the invention is that of ammunition and more particularly of envelopes intended to surround a body of ammunition.
  • a fragment generating ammunition which comprises a body made of steel or tungsten which is surrounded by a casing, for example of plastic material and which contains for example a metal grid making it possible to calibrate the fragments generated by the body.
  • This envelope is specifically designed to promote the formation of fragments but it does not provide any protection of the ammunition vis-à-vis the shocks received.
  • the subject of the invention is also a munition equipped with such a protective envelope.
  • the subject of the invention is a casing intended to be placed around a body that generates fragments of a munition, casing characterized in that it comprises an internal wall having a geometry such that it can be positioned. in correspondence of shape with that of the body on which it is intended to be fixed, internal wall which carries cells, each cell having a profile with a closed contour integral with the wall by a first end and extending radially at a distance from the wall , the cells being regularly distributed angularly and longitudinally around the internal wall so as to form a network covering the entire envelope, the cells being non-contiguous and therefore separated from each other all around their contour by a non-zero distance.
  • the cells may have a hexagonal shape or a cylindrical or prismatic shape.
  • the envelope may include an external protective wall, of lower mechanical strength than that of the internal wall, the external wall covering the network of cells.
  • the cells can be separated from each other by a distance substantially equal to the thickness of the cell.
  • the subject of the invention is also an explosive munition comprising a shrapnel-generating body containing an explosive charge, which munition is characterized in that the body is surrounded by such an envelope.
  • the envelope can be positioned at a distance from the body, the envelope being made integral with the body at the level of at least two annular bearing surfaces.
  • the distance separating the casing from the body may be between 0.01 mm and 1 mm.
  • the envelope can be manufactured at the same time as the body by additive manufacturing technology.
  • an explosive munition 1 comprises a body 2 generating fragments which contains an explosive charge 3 and the body 2 is surrounded by an envelope 4.
  • the ammunition is for example a charge generating fragments which is intended to form a warhead equipping a missile or a rocket.
  • the ammunition could also be an explosive projectile or a bomb (with a body profile that would not be cylindrical).
  • the body 2 generating splinters is generally cylindrical and of axis 5. It has two walls 2a and 2b.
  • a first wall 2a (or internal wall) comprises a cylindrical housing 6 which receives the explosive charge 3.
  • a second wall 2b (or external wall) is coaxial with the first and it is made of the same material as the first wall.
  • the first wall 2a and the second wall 2b each have, on their surfaces which are facing each other, an alternation of hollow shapes 7a, 7b and of bump shapes 8a and 8b.
  • Each hollow 7a of the first wall 2a is located opposite a bump 8b of the second wall 2b.
  • each hollow 7b of the second wall 2b is located opposite a bump 8a of the first wall 2a.
  • hollows 7a, 7b and bumps 8a, 8b makes it possible to form a mesh which materializes lines of weakening of the walls at the level of the different zones Za and Zb which have the minimum thicknesses (zones in line with the bottoms of the hollows 7a and 7b) - see figure la.
  • the walls 2a and 2b are separated by a space (not visible in the figures) whose thickness is of the order of a tenth of a millimeter. This space makes it possible to promote the rupture of the walls 2a and 2b during the detonation of the explosive charge 3 contained by the body 2.
  • Such an architecture makes it possible at the same time to produce a relatively thick envelope, ensuring the mechanical resistance to severe firing environments, and weakened in a reproducible manner by the mesh, which makes it possible to generate calibrated fragments.
  • the two walls 2a and 2b which cannot be removed from one another due to the hollows and the bumps, are produced simultaneously, transverse layer, by transverse layer by an additive manufacturing process.
  • the body 2 of the ammunition 1 is surrounded by a casing 4.
  • This envelope 4 comprises an internal wall 9 having a geometry such that it can be positioned in correspondence of shape with that of the body 2 on which it is intended to be positioned.
  • the body 2 is cylindrical, the internal wall 9 is therefore also cylindrical. It would of course be possible to implement the invention with another form of ammunition body, for example pointed for a projectile or a bomb body.
  • the casing 4 is positioned at a distance from the body 2. There is therefore an annular space 12 between the body 2 and the casing 4. The distance is between 0.01 mm and 1. mm. Due to the cylindrical profile of the outside of the body 2, it is possible to fix the casing 4 by a simple mechanical assembly (for example threads at the end surfaces).
  • the casing 4 is made integral with the body 2 at the level of at least two annular bearing surfaces 10, one at each end of the body 2.
  • annular bearing surface can in fact be replaced by several retaining studs distributed angularly and axially.
  • the casing 4 (the internal wall 9 and the cells 11 which it carries) will be manufactured at the same time as the body 2 by additive manufacturing technology.
  • Such an arrangement makes it possible to limit the support spans 10 of the envelope 4 to a minimum volume.
  • the internal wall 9 carries cells 11 which are fixed to it.
  • Each cell 11 has a profile with a closed contour which is integral with the internal wall 9 by a first end and which extends radially at a distance from the internal wall 9.
  • the cells 11 are regularly distributed angularly and longitudinally around the internal wall 9 so as to form a network of cells covering substantially the entire envelope 4.
  • FIG. 1a shows an area R of the ammunition 1 which is not cut and which shows the various cells 11 fixed to the internal wall 9.
  • each cell 11 has a hollow hexagonal shape.
  • the cells 11 are not contiguous. They are all separated from each other around their hexagonal contour by a non-zero distance d. This distance d is substantially equal to the thickness of the cell 11, ie from 0.2 mm to 1 mm (preferably 0.3 mm).
  • the cells 11 are made of the same material as the internal wall 9, for example of steel with high mechanical characteristics.
  • the wall 9 carrying the cells 11 thus forms a sort of honeycomb structure but the cells 11 of which are not contiguous.
  • the strength of this structure is therefore lower than that of conventional honeycomb structures.
  • FIG. 2a We have represented on the figure 2a a casing 4 surrounding a body 2 of an explosive munition 1 and receiving a radial shock F.
  • the impact F results in a local deformation of the casing 4 and of the body 2.
  • the deformation leads to the cells 11 being brought together. each other.
  • the cells 11 thus become contiguous to the right of the impact, which increases the resistance of the casing 4 at this level.
  • the casing 4 according to the invention therefore makes it possible to improve the resistance of the munition to external mechanical shocks (falls, firing of small caliber projectiles, etc.).
  • the figure 2b conversely shows an explosive ammunition 1 at the start of detonation.
  • the body 2 expands by the action of the detonation of the explosive 3.
  • the envelope 4 also expands and, due to the non-contiguous nature of the cells 11, the distance d between the cells 11 increases and does not interfere with the speeding up of the splinters generated by envelope 2.
  • envelope 3 according to the invention has characteristics of different deformations depending on the direction of the mechanical stress that it receives.
  • the envelope 4 therefore does not disturb the formation and the speeding up of the fragments of the body 2.
  • the disturbances due to the envelope 4 are all the more attenuated as the envelope 4 is for this embodiment positioned at a distance. of the body 2 (annular space 12).
  • the size of the fragments therefore remains identical to that of a body 2 not covered by such an envelope 4.
  • the casing 4 and the body 2 of the ammunition 1 can advantageously be manufactured by a single additive manufacturing operation.
  • the casing 4 and the body 2 are then made of the same material (steel with high mechanical characteristics).
  • This technology will make it possible to arrange the annular space 12 and will also produce the annular bearing surfaces 10 (areas of common material between the body 2 and the casing 4).
  • the figure 3a partially shows a network of cylindrical cells 11 and the figure 3b shows an array of cells 11 with a square section (prism with a square section).
  • the cells may have other prismatic (parallelepipedic) shapes.
  • the figure 4 shows another embodiment which differs from the previous one by the presence of an external wall 13 which covers the network of cells 11.
  • This wall 13 has the sole function of ensuring protection of the ammunition, in particular against the mud which could become lodged in the cells 11. It will have a lower mechanical strength than that of the material of the casing 4 so as not to interfere with the mechanisms. previously described. It may in particular have a reduced thickness (much less than that of the internal wall 9).
  • the outer wall may be produced in the form of a thin aluminum sheet attached to the outside of the casing 4 after manufacture of the latter.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Portable Nailing Machines And Staplers (AREA)
  • Devices Affording Protection Of Roads Or Walls For Sound Insulation (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)

Description

Le domaine technique de l'invention est celui des munitions et plus particulièrement des enveloppes destinées à entourer un corps de munition.The technical field of the invention is that of ammunition and more particularly of envelopes intended to surround a body of ammunition.

On connaît par le brevet FR2812385 une munition génératrice d'éclats qui comporte un corps en acier ou en tungstène qui est entouré par une enveloppe, par exemple en matière plastique et qui renferme par exemple une grille métallique permettant de calibrer les éclats engendrés par le corps.We know from the patent FR2812385 a fragment generating ammunition which comprises a body made of steel or tungsten which is surrounded by a casing, for example of plastic material and which contains for example a metal grid making it possible to calibrate the fragments generated by the body.

Cette enveloppe est spécifiquement conçue pour favoriser la formation des éclats mais elle n'assure aucune protection de la munition vis-à-vis des chocs reçus.This envelope is specifically designed to promote the formation of fragments but it does not provide any protection of the ammunition vis-à-vis the shocks received.

On cherche aujourd'hui à réaliser des munitions génératrices d'éclats ayant des performances élevées, c'est-à-dire renfermant un explosif ayant une célérité de détonation supérieure ou égale à 8000 mètres par seconde. De tels explosifs permettent la projection d'éclats denses à une vitesse importante, ce qui augmente leur efficacité vis-à-vis des cibles durcies.Today we are trying to produce ammunition generating fragments having high performance, that is to say containing an explosive having a detonation speed greater than or equal to 8000 meters per second. Such explosives allow the projection of dense shards at a high speed, which increases their effectiveness vis-à-vis hardened targets.

Malheureusement, ces performances détoniques élevées se conjuguent bien souvent, pour ces explosifs, avec une sensibilité au choc importante comparativement à des compositions ayant une vitesse de détonation moindre. Or on cherche aujourd'hui à réaliser des munitions à vulnérabilité réduite, et pouvant en particulier satisfaire aux exigences de la norme OTAN STANAG 4439, qui liste les épreuves de vulnérabilité associées à des niveaux de réaction attendus.Unfortunately, these high detonic performances are very often combined, for these explosives, with a high sensitivity to shock compared to compositions having a lower detonation speed. However, today we are seeking to produce ammunition with reduced vulnerability, and which can in particular meet the requirements of NATO standard STANAG 4439, which lists the vulnerability tests associated with expected reaction levels.

Les moyens connus de déconfinement du corps de munition permettent d'assurer la tenue de la munition aux environnements thermiques intenses (telles que les épreuves d'échauffement rapide et d'échauffement lent spécifiées et référencées dans le STANAG 4439).The known means of deconfining the ammunition body make it possible to ensure the resistance of the ammunition to intense thermal environments (such as of rapid heating and slow heating specified and referenced in STANAG 4439).

En revanche, ces dispositifs ne sont d'aucune utilité dans le cas d'agressions purement mécaniques comme l'impact d'éclats tel que spécifié par le STANAG 4439 et par l'Instruction Ministérielle française DGA IPE 211/893 du 21/07/2011.On the other hand, these devices are of no use in the case of purely mechanical attacks such as the impact of shards as specified by STANAG 4439 and by the French Ministerial Instruction DGA IPE 211/893 of 07/21 / 2011.

Dans ce cas, c'est la structure même de la munition qui doit contribuer à l'atténuation de l'énergie transmise au chargement par l'impact de l'éclat. Or la définition de cette structure est dictée par les caractéristiques de son fonctionnement détonique, en particulier la vitesse et la répartition des éclats qui seront engendrés par la munition.In this case, it is the very structure of the ammunition which must contribute to the attenuation of the energy transmitted to the loading by the impact of the shrapnel. Now, the definition of this structure is dictated by the characteristics of its detonic operation, in particular the speed and the distribution of the fragments which will be generated by the ammunition.

L'adjonction de protections complémentaires ne peut que freiner la projection des éclats et donc perturber le fonctionnement de la munition et modifier ses caractéristiques opérationnelles.The addition of additional protections can only slow down the projection of the fragments and therefore disrupt the operation of the ammunition and modify its operational characteristics.

Les protections classiques vis-à-vis des agressions mécaniques (impacts d'éclats au sens du STANAG 4439 et de l'Instruction Ministérielle DGA IPE 211/893) se situent à ce jour au niveau des emballages logistiques.Conventional protections against mechanical attacks (impact of shards within the meaning of STANAG 4439 and Ministerial Instruction DGA IPE 211/893) are currently at the level of logistics packaging.

Jusqu'à présent la seule protection des munitions après leur sortie de l'emballage et permettant d'assurer la tenue des exigences du STANAG 4439 a été obtenue par le choix d'un explosif à sensibilité atténuée. Mais de tels explosifs n'ont pas les performances détoniques souhaitées (célérité de détonation supérieure ou égale à 8000 mètres par seconde).Until now, the only protection of ammunition after removal from the packaging and ensuring compliance with the requirements of STANAG 4439 has been obtained by the choice of an explosive with attenuated sensitivity. But such explosives do not have the desired detonic performance (detonation speed greater than or equal to 8000 meters per second).

Il est connu du brevet US2016/273898 une grenade à main à enveloppe de caoutchouc dont le corps comporte des protubérances massives séparées par des rainures formant des zones de fragmentation définies. Les protubérances forment ici les éclats non létaux engendrés par cette grenade. De telles formes de protubérances épaisses ne peuvent être combinées à des éclats métalliques à performance élevée.It is known from the patent US2016 / 273898 a rubber-wrapped hand grenade whose body has massive protrusions separated by grooves forming defined zones of fragmentation. The protrusions here form the non-lethal shards generated by this grenade. Such thick protuberance shapes cannot be combined with high performance metal shards.

C'est le but de l'invention que de proposer une enveloppe permettant de protéger une munition contre les chocs mécaniques reçus sans pour autant gêner le fonctionnement de la munition.It is the object of the invention to provide a casing making it possible to protect an ammunition against the mechanical shocks received without however hampering the operation of the ammunition.

L'invention a également pour objet une munition équipée d'une telle enveloppe de protection.The subject of the invention is also a munition equipped with such a protective envelope.

Ainsi l'invention a pour objet une enveloppe destinée à être mise en place autour d'un corps générateur d'éclats d'une munition, enveloppe caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend une paroi interne ayant une géométrie telle qu'elle puisse être positionnée en correspondance de forme avec celle du corps sur lequel elle est destinée à se fixer, paroi interne qui porte des cellules, chaque cellule ayant un profil à contour fermé solidaire de la paroi par une première extrémité et s'étendant radialement à distance de la paroi, les cellules étant régulièrement réparties angulairement et longitudinalement autour de la paroi interne de façon à former un réseau couvrant toute l'enveloppe, les cellules étant non jointives donc séparées les unes des autres tout autour de leur contour par une distance non nulle.Thus, the subject of the invention is a casing intended to be placed around a body that generates fragments of a munition, casing characterized in that it comprises an internal wall having a geometry such that it can be positioned. in correspondence of shape with that of the body on which it is intended to be fixed, internal wall which carries cells, each cell having a profile with a closed contour integral with the wall by a first end and extending radially at a distance from the wall , the cells being regularly distributed angularly and longitudinally around the internal wall so as to form a network covering the entire envelope, the cells being non-contiguous and therefore separated from each other all around their contour by a non-zero distance.

Les cellules pourront avoir une forme hexagonale ou une forme cylindrique ou prismatique.The cells may have a hexagonal shape or a cylindrical or prismatic shape.

Selon une variante, l'enveloppe pourra comporter une paroi externe de protection, de résistance mécanique inférieure à celle de la paroi interne, paroi externe couvrant le réseau de cellules.According to one variant, the envelope may include an external protective wall, of lower mechanical strength than that of the internal wall, the external wall covering the network of cells.

Avantageusement, les cellules pourront être séparées les unes des autres d'une distance sensiblement égale à l'épaisseur de la cellule.Advantageously, the cells can be separated from each other by a distance substantially equal to the thickness of the cell.

L'invention a également pour objet une munition explosive comprenant un corps générateur d'éclat renfermant une charge explosive, munition qui est caractérisée en ce que le corps est entouré par une telle enveloppe.The subject of the invention is also an explosive munition comprising a shrapnel-generating body containing an explosive charge, which munition is characterized in that the body is surrounded by such an envelope.

Avantageusement, l'enveloppe pourra être positionnée à distance du corps, l'enveloppe étant rendue solidaire du corps au niveau d'au moins deux portées annulaires.Advantageously, the envelope can be positioned at a distance from the body, the envelope being made integral with the body at the level of at least two annular bearing surfaces.

La distance séparant l'enveloppe du corps pourra être comprise entre 0,01 mm et 1 mm.The distance separating the casing from the body may be between 0.01 mm and 1 mm.

Selon un mode particulier de réalisation, l'enveloppe pourra être fabriquée en même temps que le corps par une technologie de fabrication additive.According to a particular embodiment, the envelope can be manufactured at the same time as the body by additive manufacturing technology.

L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui va suivre de différents modes de réalisation, description faite en référence aux dessins annexés et dans lesquels :

  • La figure la est une coupe longitudinale d'une munition explosive incorporant une enveloppe selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, coupe réalisée suivant le plan dont la trace AA est repérée à la figure 1b ;
  • La figure 1b est une coupe transversale de cette munition explosive, coupe réalisée suivant le plan dont la trace BB est repérée à la figure la ;
  • La figure 2a schématise en coupe longitudinale partielle une munition selon l'invention déformée par un choc ;
  • La figure 2b schématise cette même munition lors de la mise en détonation du chargement ;
  • Les figures 3a et 3b sont des vues schématiques de l'extérieur de l'enveloppe selon des variantes de réalisation de l'invention ;
  • La figure 4 est une coupe longitudinale partielle d'une munition explosive incorporant une enveloppe selon un autre mode de réalisation de l'invention.
The invention will be better understood on reading the following description of various embodiments, description given with reference to the appended drawings and in which:
  • FIG. 1a is a longitudinal section of an explosive munition incorporating an envelope according to one embodiment of the invention, section taken along the plane whose trace AA is marked at the bottom. figure 1b ;
  • The figure 1b is a cross section of this explosive munition, section taken along the plane whose trace BB is identified in FIG. 1a;
  • The figure 2a shows schematically in partial longitudinal section a munition according to the invention deformed by an impact;
  • The figure 2b schematize this same ammunition when the load is detonated;
  • The figures 3a and 3b are schematic views of the outside of the casing according to variant embodiments of the invention;
  • The figure 4 is a partial longitudinal section of an explosive munition incorporating a casing according to another embodiment of the invention.

En se reportant aux figures la et 1b, une munition 1 explosive selon l'invention comprend un corps 2 générateur d'éclats qui renferme une charge explosive 3 et le corps 2 est entouré par une enveloppe 4. La munition est par exemple une charge génératrice d'éclats qui est destinée à former une tête militaire équipant un missile ou une roquette. La munition pourrait également être un projectile explosif ou une bombe (avec un profil de corps qui ne serait pas cylindrique).Referring to Figures 1a and 1b, an explosive munition 1 according to the invention comprises a body 2 generating fragments which contains an explosive charge 3 and the body 2 is surrounded by an envelope 4. The ammunition is for example a charge generating fragments which is intended to form a warhead equipping a missile or a rocket. The ammunition could also be an explosive projectile or a bomb (with a body profile that would not be cylindrical).

Le corps 2 générateur d'éclats est globalement cylindrique et d'axe 5. Il comporte deux parois 2a et 2b. Une première paroi 2a (ou paroi interne) comprend un logement cylindrique 6 qui reçoit le chargement explosif 3.The body 2 generating splinters is generally cylindrical and of axis 5. It has two walls 2a and 2b. A first wall 2a (or internal wall) comprises a cylindrical housing 6 which receives the explosive charge 3.

Une deuxième paroi 2b (ou paroi externe) est coaxiale à la première et elle est réalisée dans un même matériau que la première paroi.A second wall 2b (or external wall) is coaxial with the first and it is made of the same material as the first wall.

La première paroi 2a et la deuxième paroi 2b présentent chacune, sur leurs surfaces qui sont en regard l'une de l'autre, une alternance de formes en creux 7a,7b et de formes en bosses 8a et 8b. Chaque creux 7a de la première paroi 2a se trouve en regard d'une bosse 8b de la deuxième paroi 2b.The first wall 2a and the second wall 2b each have, on their surfaces which are facing each other, an alternation of hollow shapes 7a, 7b and of bump shapes 8a and 8b. Each hollow 7a of the first wall 2a is located opposite a bump 8b of the second wall 2b.

Et, d'une façon analogue, chaque creux 7b de la deuxième paroi 2b se trouve en regard d'une bosse 8a de la première paroi 2a.And, in a similar fashion, each hollow 7b of the second wall 2b is located opposite a bump 8a of the first wall 2a.

Comme on le voit sur les figures la et 1b, cette alternance de creux et de bosses est répartie, non seulement axialement (figure la), mais aussi angulairement le long du profil P séparant les deux parois (figure 1b).As can be seen in Figures la and 1b, this alternation of hollows and bumps is distributed, not only axially (Figure la), but also angularly along the profile P separating the two walls ( figure 1b ).

Une telle structure de générateur d'éclats à double enveloppe est décrite en détails par la demande de brevet FR3038043 et il n'est pas nécessaire de la préciser davantage.Such a double-shell chip generator structure is described in detail by the patent application. FR3038043 and it is not necessary to specify it further.

L'alternance de creux 7a,7b et de bosses 8a,8b permet de former un maillage qui matérialise des lignes de fragilisation des parois au niveau des différentes zones Za et Zb qui ont les épaisseurs minimales (zones au droit des fonds des creux 7a et 7b) - voir la figure la.The alternation of hollows 7a, 7b and bumps 8a, 8b makes it possible to form a mesh which materializes lines of weakening of the walls at the level of the different zones Za and Zb which have the minimum thicknesses (zones in line with the bottoms of the hollows 7a and 7b) - see figure la.

Les parois 2a et 2b sont séparées par un espace (non visible sur les figures) dont l'épaisseur est de l'ordre du dixième de millimètre. Cet espace permet de favoriser la rupture des parois 2a et 2b lors de la détonation du chargement explosif 3 contenu par le corps 2.The walls 2a and 2b are separated by a space (not visible in the figures) whose thickness is of the order of a tenth of a millimeter. This space makes it possible to promote the rupture of the walls 2a and 2b during the detonation of the explosive charge 3 contained by the body 2.

Une telle architecture permet tout à la fois de réaliser une enveloppe relativement épaisse, assurant la tenue mécanique aux environnements de tir sévères, et fragilisée d'une façon reproductible par le maillage, ce qui permet d'engendrer des éclats calibrés.Such an architecture makes it possible at the same time to produce a relatively thick envelope, ensuring the mechanical resistance to severe firing environments, and weakened in a reproducible manner by the mesh, which makes it possible to generate calibrated fragments.

Comme décrit par la demande de brevet FR3038043 , les deux parois 2a et 2b, qui sont indémontables l'une par rapport à l'autre en raison des creux et des bosses, sont réalisées de façon simultanée, couche transversale, par couche transversale par un procédé de fabrication additive.As described by the patent application FR3038043 , the two walls 2a and 2b, which cannot be removed from one another due to the hollows and the bumps, are produced simultaneously, transverse layer, by transverse layer by an additive manufacturing process.

Conformément à l'invention, le corps 2 de la munition 1 est entouré par une enveloppe 4.According to the invention, the body 2 of the ammunition 1 is surrounded by a casing 4.

Cette enveloppe 4 comprend une paroi interne 9 ayant une géométrie telle qu'elle puisse être positionnée en correspondance de forme avec celle du corps 2 sur lequel elle est destinée à se positionner. Ici le corps 2 est cylindrique la paroi interne 9 est donc également cylindrique. Il serait bien entendu possible de mettre en œuvre l'invention avec une autre forme de corps de munition, par exemple ogivée pour un projectile ou un corps de bombe.This envelope 4 comprises an internal wall 9 having a geometry such that it can be positioned in correspondence of shape with that of the body 2 on which it is intended to be positioned. Here the body 2 is cylindrical, the internal wall 9 is therefore also cylindrical. It would of course be possible to implement the invention with another form of ammunition body, for example pointed for a projectile or a bomb body.

Suivant le mode de réalisation qui est décrit ici, l'enveloppe 4 est positionnée à distance du corps 2. Il existe donc un espace annulaire 12 entre le corps 2 et l'enveloppe 4. La distance est comprise entre 0,01 mm et 1 mm. Du fait du profil cylindrique de l'extérieur du corps 2, il est possible de fixer l'enveloppe 4 par un simple montage mécanique (par exemple filetages au niveau de portées d'extrémité).According to the embodiment which is described here, the casing 4 is positioned at a distance from the body 2. There is therefore an annular space 12 between the body 2 and the casing 4. The distance is between 0.01 mm and 1. mm. Due to the cylindrical profile of the outside of the body 2, it is possible to fix the casing 4 by a simple mechanical assembly (for example threads at the end surfaces).

Ainsi selon la figure la, l'enveloppe 4 est rendue solidaire du corps 2 au niveau d'au moins deux portées annulaires 10, une à chaque extrémité du corps 2.Thus according to FIG. 1a, the casing 4 is made integral with the body 2 at the level of at least two annular bearing surfaces 10, one at each end of the body 2.

Il est possible en fonction de la longueur du corps 2 de prévoir d'autres portées de soutien de l'enveloppe 4, qui pourront être annulaires ou non. On peut en effet remplacer une portée annulaire par plusieurs plots de maintien répartis angulairement et axialement.It is possible, depending on the length of the body 2, to provide other support surfaces for the casing 4, which may or may not be annular. An annular bearing surface can in fact be replaced by several retaining studs distributed angularly and axially.

On cherchera cependant à limiter le nombre de portées 10 ou de plots, car elles sont susceptibles de gêner le fonctionnement de la munition 1 en perturbant la génération d'éclats.However, an attempt will be made to limit the number of spans 10 or of pads, since they are liable to interfere with the operation of the munition 1 by disturbing the generation of fragments.

Avantageusement l'enveloppe 4 (la paroi interne 9 et les cellules 11 qu'elle porte) sera fabriquée en même temps que le corps 2 par une technologie de fabrication additive. Une telle disposition permet de limiter au volume minimum les portées 10 de soutien de l'enveloppe 4.Advantageously, the casing 4 (the internal wall 9 and the cells 11 which it carries) will be manufactured at the same time as the body 2 by additive manufacturing technology. Such an arrangement makes it possible to limit the support spans 10 of the envelope 4 to a minimum volume.

Comme on le voit sur les figures la et 1b, la paroi interne 9 porte des cellules 11 qui sont fixées sur elle.As can be seen in Figures la and 1b, the internal wall 9 carries cells 11 which are fixed to it.

Chaque cellule 11 a un profil à contour fermé qui est solidaire de la paroi interne 9 par une première extrémité et qui s'étend radialement à distance de la paroi interne 9.Each cell 11 has a profile with a closed contour which is integral with the internal wall 9 by a first end and which extends radially at a distance from the internal wall 9.

Les cellules 11 sont régulièrement réparties angulairement et longitudinalement autour de la paroi interne 9 de façon à former un réseau de cellules couvrant sensiblement toute l'enveloppe 4.The cells 11 are regularly distributed angularly and longitudinally around the internal wall 9 so as to form a network of cells covering substantially the entire envelope 4.

Pour faciliter la compréhension de l'invention, on a représenté sur la figure la une zone R de la munition 1 qui n'est pas coupée et qui montre les différentes cellules 11 fixées à la paroi interne 9.To facilitate understanding of the invention, FIG. 1a shows an area R of the ammunition 1 which is not cut and which shows the various cells 11 fixed to the internal wall 9.

Suivant le mode de réalisation qui est représenté, chaque cellule 11 a une forme hexagonale creuse.According to the embodiment which is shown, each cell 11 has a hollow hexagonal shape.

On remarque sur les figures que les cellules 11 ne sont pas jointives. Elles sont séparées les unes des autres tout autour de leur contour hexagonal par une distance d non nulle. Cette distance d est sensiblement égale à l'épaisseur de la cellule 11, soit de 0,2 mm à 1 mm (de préférence 0,3 mm) .It is noted in the figures that the cells 11 are not contiguous. They are all separated from each other around their hexagonal contour by a non-zero distance d. This distance d is substantially equal to the thickness of the cell 11, ie from 0.2 mm to 1 mm (preferably 0.3 mm).

Les cellules 11 sont réalisées dans le même matériau que la paroi interne 9, par exemple en acier à hautes caractéristiques mécaniques.The cells 11 are made of the same material as the internal wall 9, for example of steel with high mechanical characteristics.

La paroi 9 portant les cellules 11 forme ainsi une sorte de structure en nid d'abeille mais dont les cellules 11 ne sont pas jointives. La résistance de cette structure est donc plus réduite que celle des structures nid d'abeille classique.The wall 9 carrying the cells 11 thus forms a sort of honeycomb structure but the cells 11 of which are not contiguous. The strength of this structure is therefore lower than that of conventional honeycomb structures.

Les figures 2a et 2b permettent de schématiser le fonctionnement de l'enveloppe 4 selon l'invention.The figures 2a and 2b make it possible to schematize the operation of the envelope 4 according to the invention.

On a représenté sur la figure 2a une enveloppe 4 entourant un corps 2 d'une munition explosive 1 et recevant un choc radial F. Il résulte du choc F une déformation locale de l'enveloppe 4 et du corps 2. Cependant on remarque que la déformation conduit à rapprocher les cellules 11 les unes des autres. Les cellules 11 deviennent ainsi jointives au droit du choc ce qui accroît la résistance de l'enveloppe 4 à ce niveau.We have represented on the figure 2a a casing 4 surrounding a body 2 of an explosive munition 1 and receiving a radial shock F. The impact F results in a local deformation of the casing 4 and of the body 2. However, it is noted that the deformation leads to the cells 11 being brought together. each other. The cells 11 thus become contiguous to the right of the impact, which increases the resistance of the casing 4 at this level.

L'enveloppe 4 selon l'invention permet donc d'améliorer la résistance de la munition aux chocs mécaniques externes (chutes, tirs de projectiles petit calibre...).The casing 4 according to the invention therefore makes it possible to improve the resistance of the munition to external mechanical shocks (falls, firing of small caliber projectiles, etc.).

La figure 2b montre à l'inverse une munition explosive 1 en début de détonation. Le corps 2 s'expanse par l'action de la détonation de l'explosif 3. L'enveloppe 4 s'expanse également et, du fait du caractère non jointif des cellules 11, la distance d entre les cellules 11 s'accroît et ne perturbe pas la mise en vitesse des éclats engendrés par l'enveloppe 2.The figure 2b conversely shows an explosive ammunition 1 at the start of detonation. The body 2 expands by the action of the detonation of the explosive 3. The envelope 4 also expands and, due to the non-contiguous nature of the cells 11, the distance d between the cells 11 increases and does not interfere with the speeding up of the splinters generated by envelope 2.

Ainsi l'enveloppe 3 selon l'invention a des caractéristiques de déformations différentes suivant le sens de la sollicitation mécanique qu'elle reçoit.Thus the envelope 3 according to the invention has characteristics of different deformations depending on the direction of the mechanical stress that it receives.

Elle est résistante à la flexion (figure 2a) quand le choc vient de l'extérieur en raison du rapprochement des différentes cellules 11 qui deviennent jointives.It is resistant to bending ( figure 2a ) when the shock comes from the outside due to the bringing together of the different cells 11 which become contiguous.

Elle fléchit par contre facilement (figure 2b) quand le choc vient de l'intérieur en raison de l'écartement des cellules 11 qui s'accroît.On the other hand, it flexes easily ( figure 2b ) when the shock comes from inside due to the increasing spacing of cells 11.

L'enveloppe 4 ne perturbe donc pas la formation et la mise en vitesse des éclats du corps 2. Les perturbations dues à l'enveloppe 4 sont d'autant plus atténuées que l'enveloppe 4 se trouve pour ce mode de réalisation positionnée à distance du corps 2 (espace annulaire 12).The envelope 4 therefore does not disturb the formation and the speeding up of the fragments of the body 2. The disturbances due to the envelope 4 are all the more attenuated as the envelope 4 is for this embodiment positioned at a distance. of the body 2 (annular space 12).

La taille des éclats reste donc identique à celui d'un corps 2 non couvert d'une telle enveloppe 4.The size of the fragments therefore remains identical to that of a body 2 not covered by such an envelope 4.

S'il est possible de mettre en place, par simple montage mécanique sur le corps 2 d'une munition 1, une enveloppe 4 qui a été fabriquée isolément, on pourra avantageusement fabriquer l'enveloppe 4 et le corps 2 de la munition 1 par une seule et même opération de fabrication additive. L'enveloppe 4 et le corps 2 sont alors réalisés dans le même matériau (acier à hautes caractéristiques mécaniques).If it is possible to put in place, by simple mechanical assembly on the body 2 of a munition 1, a casing 4 which has been manufactured in isolation, the casing 4 and the body 2 of the ammunition 1 can advantageously be manufactured by a single additive manufacturing operation. The casing 4 and the body 2 are then made of the same material (steel with high mechanical characteristics).

Cette technologie permettra d'aménager l'espace annulaire 12 et réalisera également les portées annulaires 10 (zones de matière commune entre le corps 2 et l'enveloppe 4).This technology will make it possible to arrange the annular space 12 and will also produce the annular bearing surfaces 10 (areas of common material between the body 2 and the casing 4).

Il est bien entendu possible de réaliser une enveloppe 4 dans laquelle les cellules 11 ont un autre profil qu'hexagonal.It is of course possible to produce an envelope 4 in which the cells 11 have a profile other than hexagonal.

A titre d'exemple la figure 3a montre partiellement un réseau de cellules 11 cylindriques et la figure 3b montre un réseau de cellules 11 à section carrée (prisme à section carrée). Les cellules pourront avoir d'autres formes prismatiques (parallélépipédiques).For example the figure 3a partially shows a network of cylindrical cells 11 and the figure 3b shows an array of cells 11 with a square section (prism with a square section). The cells may have other prismatic (parallelepipedic) shapes.

La figure 4 montre un autre mode de réalisation qui diffère du précédent par la présence d'une paroi externe 13 qui couvre le réseau de cellules 11.The figure 4 shows another embodiment which differs from the previous one by the presence of an external wall 13 which covers the network of cells 11.

Cette paroi 13 a pour seul fonction d'assurer une protection de la munition en particulier contre la boue qui pourrait se loger dans les cellules 11. Elle sera de résistance mécanique inférieure à celle du matériau de l'enveloppe 4 pour ne pas gêner les mécanismes décrits précédemment. Elle pourra en particulier avoir une épaisseur réduite (bien inférieure à celle de la paroi interne 9).This wall 13 has the sole function of ensuring protection of the ammunition, in particular against the mud which could become lodged in the cells 11. It will have a lower mechanical strength than that of the material of the casing 4 so as not to interfere with the mechanisms. previously described. It may in particular have a reduced thickness (much less than that of the internal wall 9).

La paroi externe pourra être réalisée sous la forme d'une mince feuille d'aluminium rapportée à l'extérieur de l'enveloppe 4 après fabrication de cette dernière.The outer wall may be produced in the form of a thin aluminum sheet attached to the outside of the casing 4 after manufacture of the latter.

Claims (9)

  1. A shell (4) intended to be placed around a fragment-generating body (2) of an ammunition (1), said shell comprising an inner wall (9) having a geometry such that it can be positioned with shape matching with that of the body (2) on which it is intended to be fastened,
    characterised in that the inner wall (9) bears cells (11), each cell (11) having a profile with a closed contour secured to the wall (9) by a first end and extending radially at a distance from the wall (9), the cells (11) being regularly angularly and longitudinally distributed around the inner wall (9) so as to form a network covering the entire shell (4), the cells (11) not being adjoining to each other, therefore beung separate from one another, all the way around their contour by a non-zero distance (d).
  2. The shell according to claim 1, characterised in that the cells (11) have a hexagonal shape.
  3. The shell according to claim 1, characterised in that the cells (11) have a cylindrical shape.
  4. The shell according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that it includes a protective outer wall (13), with a mechanical strength lower than that of the inner wall (9), the outer wall (13) covering the network of cells (11).
  5. The shell according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the cells (11) are separated from one another by a distance (d) substantially equal to the thickness of the cell (11).
  6. An explosive ammunition (1) comprising a fragment-generating body (2) containing an explosive charge, the ammunition being characterised in that the body (2) is surrounded by a shell (4) according to one of claims 1 to 5.
  7. The explosive ammunition according to claim 6, characterised in that the shell (4) is positioned at a distance from the body (2), the shell (4) being secured to the body at least at two annular steps (10).
  8. The explosive ammunition according to claim 7, characterised in that the distance separating the shell (4) from the body (2) is between 0.01 mm and 1 mm.
  9. The explosive ammunition according to one of claims 6 to 8, characterised in that the shell (4) is manufactured at the same time as the body (2) using an additive manufacturing technology.
EP19199978.8A 2018-10-01 2019-09-26 Enclosure for ammunition and ammunition including such an enclosure Active EP3633313B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1801044A FR3086746B1 (en) 2018-10-01 2018-10-01 ENVELOPE FOR AMMUNITION AND AMMUNITION INCORPORATING SUCH AN ENVELOPE

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3633313A1 EP3633313A1 (en) 2020-04-08
EP3633313B1 true EP3633313B1 (en) 2021-06-09

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19199978.8A Active EP3633313B1 (en) 2018-10-01 2019-09-26 Enclosure for ammunition and ammunition including such an enclosure

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US10962339B2 (en)
EP (1) EP3633313B1 (en)
ES (1) ES2882812T3 (en)
FR (1) FR3086746B1 (en)
IL (1) IL269722B2 (en)

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3757693A (en) * 1971-05-21 1973-09-11 Avco Corp Fragmentation wrap for explosive weapons
US5313890A (en) * 1991-04-29 1994-05-24 Hughes Missile Systems Company Fragmentation warhead device
FR2684753A1 (en) * 1991-12-04 1993-06-11 Sassier Pierre Henri PREFABRICATED ENVELOPE FOR GRANADA.
FR2785672B1 (en) * 1998-11-05 2005-08-26 Tda Armements Sas PROJECTILE WITH CALIBRATED FRAGMENTATION
FR2812385B1 (en) 2000-07-28 2003-02-21 Giat Ind Sa EXPLOSIVE AMMUNITION WITH FRAGMENTABLE BODY
FR2867849B1 (en) * 2004-03-16 2006-07-21 Catherine Tanguy FRAGMENTABLE GRENAGE
US8671840B2 (en) * 2011-01-28 2014-03-18 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Flexible fragmentation sleeve
US20120192754A1 (en) * 2011-01-28 2012-08-02 Eric Scheid Solid metal fragmentation sleeve
US9470495B2 (en) * 2015-03-20 2016-10-18 Combined Systems, Inc. Rubber fragmentation grenade
FR3038043B1 (en) 2015-06-26 2018-11-02 Nexter Munitions MILITARY HEAD ENVELOPE AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SUCH A MILITARY HEAD
US9528801B1 (en) * 2015-09-14 2016-12-27 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Low collateral damage tunable directional-lethality explosive fragmentation ammunition

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IL269722B2 (en) 2023-10-01
US20200103209A1 (en) 2020-04-02
FR3086746B1 (en) 2020-08-28
EP3633313A1 (en) 2020-04-08
US10962339B2 (en) 2021-03-30
FR3086746A1 (en) 2020-04-03
IL269722B1 (en) 2023-06-01
IL269722A (en) 2020-04-30
ES2882812T3 (en) 2021-12-02

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