EP3592744A1 - Composés ioniques redox bis(pyridinium)-naphthalène diimide comme matériaux actifs d'électrode - Google Patents
Composés ioniques redox bis(pyridinium)-naphthalène diimide comme matériaux actifs d'électrodeInfo
- Publication number
- EP3592744A1 EP3592744A1 EP18712972.1A EP18712972A EP3592744A1 EP 3592744 A1 EP3592744 A1 EP 3592744A1 EP 18712972 A EP18712972 A EP 18712972A EP 3592744 A1 EP3592744 A1 EP 3592744A1
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- Prior art keywords
- redox
- negative electrode
- iii
- ionic
- ionic compound
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/60—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of organic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D471/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00
- C07D471/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
- C07D471/06—Peri-condensed systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/36—Accumulators not provided for in groups H01M10/05-H01M10/34
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
- H01M4/622—Binders being polymers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/027—Negative electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/08—Fuel cells with aqueous electrolytes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/18—Regenerative fuel cells, e.g. redox flow batteries or secondary fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the invention relates to the use of a redox bis (pyridinium) -naphthalene diimide ionic compound as electrode active material, in particular for an aqueous electrolyte battery, a negative electrode comprising at least said redox bis (pyridinium ionic compound).
- a redox bis (pyridinium) -naphthalene diimide ionic compound as electrode active material, in particular for an aqueous electrolyte battery, a negative electrode comprising at least said redox bis (pyridinium ionic compound).
- the invention typically, but not exclusively, applies to the field of aqueous electrolyte batteries.
- Batteries have become indispensable components in stationary and portable applications, such as portable electronic devices, electrical or mechanical devices. They are also widely studied for use in electric vehicles as well as in the field of energy storage.
- Currently, several technologies on the market such as lead-acid system, from the early 20 th century, which is still used in car starter systems as well as for many industrial or consumer applications where the mass and congestion are not key criteria; the nickel-cadmium system, deployed more widely since the 1950s and used in "wireless" devices, which is tending to disappear due to the toxic nature of cadmium but is still used for specific industrial applications such as aeronautics; the Nickel-Metal Hydride system, marketed in the early 1990s and introduced in hybrid vehicles; and finally the Lithium-ion (Li-ion) system, introduced in 1991, which now tends to be used for all applications, in particular because of the high mass energy densities obtained.
- lead-acid system from the early 20 th century, which is still used in car starter systems as well as for many industrial or consumer applications where the mass
- Li-ion systems are mainly related to their relatively high cost, partly due to the materials constituting them, such as inorganic electrode active materials and organic electrolytes (ie non-aqueous).
- inorganic electrode active materials mainly based on transition metals such as Co, Mn, Ni or Fe.
- Inorganic electrode active materials eg LiCoO 2 , LiMnO 4 , LiFePO 4 , LiNi 0 , 8Coo, 15Al 0 , o 50 2 , LiNi 0 , 5 Mn 1 O 5 , etc.
- these inorganic active materials are generally developed from resources of geological origin (ie non-renewable) and energy-consuming in their process. Given the volumes of production of batteries announced (several billion units per year for Li-ion technology), these inorganic electrode active materials may no longer be available in large quantities over time.
- none of the existing technologies are fully relevant, while new environmental standards are emerging at European level (see http://ec.europa.eu/environment/ waste / batteries /, Directive 2006/66 / EC ).
- redox organic structure eg nitroxide derivatives, polyaromatic compounds
- an organic structure capable of implementing one or more reaction reactions reversible electrode
- these organic redox structures have the advantage of including chemical elements (C, H, N, O, S, in particular) potentially derived from renewable resources, thus making them more abundant. Then, they destroy themselves quite easily by simple combustion at a relatively moderate temperature.
- electrochemical properties ionic and electron conduction properties, redox potential, specific capacity
- appropriate functionalization e.g., integration of attracting groups close to the redox center for the adjustment of the potential).
- an organic lithium battery comprising a negative electrode consisting of a lithium metal sheet; a positive electrode constituted by an aluminum current collector supporting an electrode material comprising 5,7,12,14-pentacenetetretone (PT) as the active material, acetylene black as an electronic conductivity-imparting agent and polytetrafluoroethylene as a binder; a liquid electrolyte consisting of lithium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (LiTFSI) in a 1 mol / l solution in ⁇ -butyrolactone; and a fiberglass separator impregnated with said liquid electrolyte.
- PT 5,7,12,14-pentacenetetretone
- LiTFSI lithium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide
- the cycling resistance of such a battery remains low since the initial specific capacitance is of the order of 300 mAh / g and drops to 170 mAh / g after 10 cycles.
- This poor cycling stability is mainly related to the solubility of the positive electrode active material (PT) in the solvent of the organic electrolyte ( ⁇ -butyrolactone).
- PT positive electrode active material
- ⁇ -butyrolactone organic electrolyte
- most of the redox organic structures are soluble in the solvent of the organic electrolyte.
- the electronic conductivity between the current collector and said active material becomes insufficient and the reactivity is reduced.
- the concentration of active material that can be engaged in an electrode reaction is decreased, which causes a drop in the capacity of the battery.
- an organic electrolyte has an ionic conductivity between ten and a hundred times lower than an aqueous electrolyte and is generally not very environmentally friendly.
- aqueous electrolyte battery eg NaNO 3 , KNO 3 , NaClO 4 , etc.
- a derivative of Prussian blue ie derived from a ferric ferrocyanide of chemical formula Fe 7 ( CN) 18 (H 2 0) x, wherein x varies from 14 to 18
- x varies from 14 to 18
- the specific capacity obtained is moderate (ie 55-60 mAh / g) and the aqueous electrolyte must be highly concentrated in salts in order to avoid the solubilization of the Prussian blue derivative in said aqueous electrolyte and / or the production of water. 'oxygen.
- an ionic compound based on viologen and perylene diimide corresponding to the following formula: has been used in an electrochromic cell for its color change properties as a function of potential [Kim et al. J. Mater. Chem., 21, 22, 13558-13563.
- this ionic compound is not used as electrode active material, in particular in an aqueous electrolyte battery.
- the object of the present invention is to overcome the disadvantages of the aforementioned prior art and to provide a battery in which the constituents are chosen so as to lead, at the lowest possible cost, to good electrochemical performance in terms of energy density and / or power performance, good cycling stability and some security.
- the object of the present invention is to overcome the disadvantages of the aforementioned prior art and to provide a battery in which the constituents are chosen so as to lead, at the lowest possible cost, to good electrochemical performance in terms of energy density and / or power performance, good cycling stability and some security.
- aqueous electrolyte batteries implementing inexpensive, recyclable and non-toxic raw materials, and having good electrochemical performance, particularly in terms of energy density and / or power performance and / or resistance to cycling.
- the invention therefore firstly relates to the use of a redox ionic compound comprising at least one naphthalene diimide unit and at least one bis (pyridinium) ⁇ /, ⁇ / '- disubstituted unit, as electrode active material. negative, especially in an aqueous electrolyte battery.
- a redox ionic compound comprising at least one naphthalene diimide unit and at least one bis (pyridinium) ⁇ /, ⁇ / '- disubstituted unit, as electrode active material. negative, especially in an aqueous electrolyte battery.
- the naphthalene diimide unit may also be referred to as
- the bis (pyridinium) ⁇ /, ⁇ / '- disubstituted unit is a unit which comprises two pyridiniums, each of the pyridiniums being substituted at the level of the atom nitrogen.
- the two pyridiniums may be directly linked to form a bipyridine unit, and in particular a 4,4'-bipyridine unit, or may be linked by means of a suitable group, in particular one or more alkenyl groups.
- such a redox ionic compound is capable of reacting electrochemically in a reversible manner, and more particularly of carrying out one or more reversible oxidation-reduction reactions, in particular by exchanging electrons with an electrode and simultaneously by associating with cations and / or anions.
- the ionic redox compound used in the invention is preferably capable of exchanging anions, in particular at a low voltage (i.e. less than or equal to 0 volts vs. ECS (Saturated Calomel Electrode).
- the redox ionic compound used in the invention comprises two types of organic units: at least one p-type unit (bis (pyridinium) ⁇ /, ⁇ / '- disubstituted) and at least one n-type unit (naphthalene diimide) . Thanks to this combination of p and n type units, the compound has interesting electrochemical performance, particularly in terms of cyclability and capacity, to be used as electrode active material, in particular in an aqueous electrolyte battery.
- the bis (pyridinium) ⁇ /, ⁇ / '- disubstituted and naphthalene diimide units can be coupled within the redox ionic compound by means of a binding arm denoted L.
- the linking arm L makes it possible to connect covalently the two types of units within the ionic redox compound.
- the link arm L is not critical.
- the linker L may be a saturated or unsaturated carbon chain, an aromatic carbon chain, or a mixture of a saturated or unsaturated carbon chain and an aromatic carbon chain, the aforementioned carbon chains being optionally fluorinated, and may contain a or more heteroatoms, for example one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms, said carbon chains having from 2 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably from 2 to 10 carbon atoms. carbon atoms, preferably of 3 to 6 carbon atoms, and even more preferably of 2, 3, 4 or 5 carbon atoms.
- the carbon chain is preferably saturated or unsaturated, and more preferably saturated.
- the linking arm L is an alkylene chain, preferably linear, having from 2 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably from 3 to 6 carbon atoms, and even more preferably from 3, 4 or 5 carbon atoms.
- a bis (pyridinium) ⁇ /, ⁇ / '- disubstituted unit may be represented by any one of the following chemical formulas (I-a), (I-b) or (I-c):
- R represents a terminal group selected from an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, and an aryl group, said aforementioned groups being optionally substituted with one or more aromatic groups, optionally fluorinated or perfluorinated, said groups mentioned above may contain one or more heteroatoms, for example one or more oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen atoms; R 1 and R 2 , which may be identical or different, represent an alkyl group or a cyano group; and q is such that 0 ⁇ q ⁇ 4.
- the bis (pyridinium) ⁇ /, ⁇ / '- disubstituted unit can be connected to two naphthalene diimide units, as is the case when it corresponds to formula (Ib) or to a single naphthalene diimide unit such as this is the case when it meets one of the formulas (Ia) or (Ic).
- the 2 pyridiniums are connected between they directly, and when 1 ⁇ q ⁇ 4, the 2 pyridinium are connected to each other via one or more alkenyl groups.
- a naphthalene diimide unit may be represented by any of the following chemical formulas (II-a) or (II-b):
- R represents a group selected from a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, and an aryl group, said groups being optionally substituted by one or more aromatic groups, optionally fluorinated or perfluorinated, said groups mentioned above; which may contain one or more heteroatoms, for example one or more oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen atoms.
- the naphthalene diimide unit can be connected to two bis (pyridinium) ⁇ /, ⁇ / '- disubstituted units, as is the case when it corresponds to formula ( ⁇ -b) or to a single unit bis (pyridinium) ⁇ /, ⁇ / '- disubstituted as it is when it corresponds to formula (II-a).
- the alkyl group (groups R, R 1 , R 2 and R ') denotes a linear or branched group comprising from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and preferably from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, said the group being optionally fluorinated or perfluorinated, and may be interrupted by one or more heteroatoms, for example by one or more oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen atoms.
- Methyl groups and alkyl groups attracting electrons such that trifluoromethyl are preferred.
- the aryl group denotes an aromatic group comprising from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and preferably from 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- the alkenyl group (R and R 'groups) denotes a group comprising at least one alkene function, said group comprising from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and preferably from 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- the alkynyl group (R and R 'groups) denotes a group comprising at least one alkyne function, said group comprising from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and preferably from 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- the redox ionic compound may comprise a plurality of naphthalene diimide units and / or more bis (pyridinium) ⁇ /, ⁇ / '- disubstituted units.
- the redox ionic compound comprises several naphthalene diimide units and several (/, ⁇ / '- disubstituted bis (pyridinium) units, they are preferably alternating [e.g. (II-b) / (I-b) / (II-b) / (I-b) / (II-b) / etc ...].
- the redox ionic compound has a theoretical mass capacity of at least about 80 mAh / g, and more preferably at least about 100 mAh / g.
- the theoretical mass capacity of the redox ionic compound depends on its molar mass and the number of electrons it can exchange. Thus, it is possible to determine its theoretical mass capacity as a function of these two parameters.
- the ionic redox compound by its ionic character, is in the form of a salt.
- anions A ' chosen from inorganic anions and organic anions, where a represents the valency of the anion, with 1 ⁇ a ⁇ 3.
- inorganic anions it is possible to mention fluoride (F “ ), chloride (Cl - ), bromide (Br “ ), iodide (), tetrafluoroborate (BF 4 " ), metaborate (BO 2 “ ), borate (BO 3 “ ), perchlorate (ClO 4 " ), fluoride (F0 3 “ ), nitrate (NO 3 " ), bis (oxalato) borate [B (C 2 O 4 ) 2 “ ], sulfate (SO 4 2” ), disulfate (S 2 0 7 2 " ), thiosulfate (S 2 O 3 ) 2” , dithionate (S 2 0 6 2 “ ), phosphate (PO 4 3” ), pyrophosphate (P 2
- TFSI bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide
- FSI bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide
- SCN thiocyanate
- CN cyanate
- formate HC0 3 "
- acetate CH 3 CO
- Light anions ie of molar mass Mw ⁇ 100 g / mol approximately
- F CI " , SCN “ , OCN “ , B0 2 “ , B0 3 “ , PO 4 3 “ , HC0 3 “ , N (CN 2 “ or C (CN) 3 "
- C 1 " is particularly preferred.
- the ionic redox compound preferably has a molar mass in number ranging from 50 g / mol to about 400 g / mol per electron exchanged.
- the redox ionic compound used in the invention comprises or consists of at least one ionic compound of formula (III-a) or (III-b) below:
- p is preferably such that 1 ⁇ p ⁇ 10, and more preferably 1 ⁇ p ⁇ 3; and n is preferably such that 1 ⁇ n ⁇ 10, and more preferably 1 ⁇ n ⁇ 3.
- the redox ionic compound comprises or consists of at least one ionic compound of formula (III-a1) or (III-bi) below:
- IM-tH in which L is an alkylene group having 3 carbon atoms (ie -CH2-CH2-), 1 ⁇ n ⁇ 3, and A and a have the same definitions as above, and preferably A " is selected from, CI " , TFSF, Br " and a mixture thereof.
- the redox ionic compound is an oligomer or a polymer. It may in particular comprise several ionic compounds of formula (III-a) [respectively of formula (III-b)] each of the ionic compounds of formula (III-a) [respectively of formula (III-b)] having a length of different string (ie different values of p) [(respectively different values of n)]. It should be noted that each of the ionic compounds of formula (III-a) [respectively of formula (III-b)] having a different chain length is electrochemically active.
- the dispersion in sizes of The polymers or oligomers present in the redox ionic compound vary from 1 to about 10.
- the redox ionic compound can be prepared by contacting 4,4'-bipyridine with 1,4,5,8-naphthalene tetracarboxylic anhydride.
- the redox ionic compound is prepared according to the following synthetic route A):
- the pathway A) may for example lead to an ionic compound of formula (III-a) or (III-ai) as defined above.
- Track B may for example lead to an ionic compound of formula (III-b) or (III-bi) as defined above.
- X is preferably a halogen atom, such as for example a bromine atom (Br) or chlorine (Cl).
- Y is preferably a halogen atom, such as, for example, an iodine atom (I).
- Z is preferably a halogen atom, such as, for example, a bromine atom (Br) or chlorine (Cl) or an alcohol.
- Z is an alcohol, it can then be esterified with a tosyl, mesyl or trifluoromethanesulfonyl group.
- the second subject of the invention is a negative electrode comprising a composite material including a negative electrode active material, optionally a binder, and optionally an agent conferring electronic conductivity, characterized in that the negative electrode active material is a compound Ionic redox according to the first subject of the invention.
- the composite material includes, with respect to the total mass of the composite material:
- the composite material includes, with respect to the total mass of the composite material:
- the electronic conductivity conferring agent suitable for the present invention is preferably selected from carbon black, SP carbon, acetylene black, carbon fibers and nanofibers (eg VGCF vapor phase carbon fibers). -S for "vapor ground carbon fibers"), carbon nanotubes, oxidized-reduced graphene, oxidized graphene, graphite, particles and metal fibers and one of their mixtures.
- carbon black e.g., Ketjen black carbon black
- SP carbon is particularly preferred.
- the binder may be selected from copolymers and homopolymers of ethylene; copolymers and homopolymers of propylene; homopolymers and copolymers of ethylene oxide (eg POE, POE copolymer), methylene oxide, propylene oxide, epichlorohydrin, allyl glycidyl ether and mixtures thereof; halogenated polymers such as homopolymers and copolymers of vinyl chloride, vinylidene fluoride (PVd F), vinylidene chloride, ethylene tetrafluoride, or chlorotrifluoroethylene, copolymers of vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropylene (PVdF -co-H FP) or their mixtures; polyacrylates such as polymethyl methacrylate; polyalcohols such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA); electron-conducting polymers such as polyaniline, polypyrrole, polyfluorenes, polypyrenes,
- the binder is preferably a homopolymer of ethylene tetrafluoride (PTFE) or a biobased binder.
- PTFE ethylene tetrafluoride
- the salt conferring ionic conductivity may be selected from a salt of an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, aluminum and the ammonium ion.
- the salt of an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal may be selected from a salt of sodium, lithium, potassium, magnesium, calcium and barium.
- salts of an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal include perchlorates of sodium, lithium, potassium, magnesium, calcium or barium, sodium nitrates, lithium, potassium, magnesium, calcium or barium, sodium chlorides, lithium, potassium, magnesium, calcium or barium, bromides of sodium, lithium, potassium, magnesium, calcium or barium, sodium, lithium, potassium, magnesium, calcium or barium sulphates, and phosphates of sodium, lithium, potassium, magnesium, calcium or barium.
- the solvent in which the salt conferring ionic conductivity used in the negative electrode is soluble may be an aqueous liquid which preferably comprises at least about 70% by volume of water, and more preferably about 90 to about 100% by volume. of water, based on the total volume of liquid in said solvent.
- the solvent may further comprise an organic solvent, especially chosen from dimethylsulfoxide and ethanol (in particular ethanol biosourced).
- the solvent preferably has a pH ranging between 3 and 10, and preferably a neutral pH. Seawater is most preferred as a solvent in which the salt conferring ionic conductivity used in the negative electrode is soluble.
- the negative electrode may further comprise a current collector which is coated on its surface by (or carries) a composite material as defined in the invention.
- the composite material may be in the form of a film or in the form of a compact powder, carried by the current collector, and preferably in the form of a film.
- the current collector is preferably composed of a conductive material, more particularly a carbon material (in the form of fabric, felt, mattress constituted by the entanglement of fibers or graphite sheet) or a material metal which can be selected from aluminum, nickel, stainless steel and titanium.
- a conductive material more particularly a carbon material (in the form of fabric, felt, mattress constituted by the entanglement of fibers or graphite sheet) or a material metal which can be selected from aluminum, nickel, stainless steel and titanium.
- the metallic material may be in the form of a metal sheet, a metal grid or a metal foam optionally covered with a carbon film.
- the thickness of the current collector generally varies from about 5 to about 50 ⁇ m.
- the composite material of the invention has a thickness ranging from about 20 ⁇ m to about 5 mm.
- the negative electrode comprises a surface amount of redox ionic compound ranging from 5 mg / cm 2 to about 200 mg / cm 2 .
- the negative electrode can be prepared:
- the binder and the electronic conductivity conferring agent are as defined in the present invention.
- Step a) may be carried out by extrusion or by grinding, in particular by means of a mortar. It is in particular carried out by manual grinding or by grinding using a ball mill (grinding well known under the anglicism "ball-milling"). Grinding with a ball mill is preferred.
- Step b) can be carried out by rolling, pressing or coating.
- the support may be a current collector as defined above and / or a support film.
- a support film there may be mentioned a plastic film of the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) silicone type.
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- the third object of the invention is a battery comprising:
- the positive electrode may comprise or consist of:
- a composite material including a positive electrode active material selected from redox organic compounds and hybrid compounds of metal-organic type, optionally an agent conferring electronic conductivity, and optionally a binder, said composite material being able to be supported by a current collector, or
- an organic battery with an aqueous electrolyte is obtained.
- organic redox compounds and hybrid compounds of metal-organic type mention may be made of:
- the Fe, Mn and Cu complexes with active or non-active redox ligands their derivatives such as the family of Prussian blues, metallocenes or phthalocynanins, or the complexes of Fe, Mn and Cu, of which one of the ligands is 2,2'-bipyridine,
- pigments such as, for example, Fast Blue, indigo or thioindigo.
- an organic-inorganic hybrid battery with an aqueous electrolyte is obtained.
- Na y Li x Mn 2 0 4 (0 ⁇ x ⁇ l, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1, and x + y ⁇ l, 1)
- the NaMPO 4 system the NaM 2 (PO 4 ) 3 system
- the Na 2 MPO 4 F system with M Fe
- M Fe
- M Fe
- M Fe
- M may also be inter alia selected from Co, Ni, Cr, V, Ti, Cu, Zr, Nb, W and Mo
- Li material Na) Coi / 3Ni 1 / 3Mn 1/30 2 NaMn0 2 (birnassite structure) doped or not with one or more metals such as Li or Al, NaMngOis or Na 2 Mn 3 0 7 .
- the aqueous liquid electrolyte may comprise a salt of an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, aluminum or the ammonium ion in water or may simply be seawater.
- the salt of an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal may be selected from a salt of sodium, lithium, potassium, magnesium, calcium and barium.
- salts of an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal mention may be made of sodium, lithium, potassium perchlorates, magnesium, calcium or barium, nitrates of sodium, lithium, potassium, magnesium, calcium or barium, sodium chlorides, lithium, potassium, magnesium, calcium or barium, bromides of sodium, lithium, potassium, magnesium, calcium or barium , sodium, lithium, potassium, magnesium, calcium or barium sulphates, and phosphates of sodium, lithium, potassium, magnesium, calcium or barium.
- the aqueous liquid electrolyte preferably has a pH of between 3 and 10, and preferably a neutral pH.
- the aqueous liquid electrolyte preferably comprises at least about 70% by volume of water, and more preferably about 90 to about 100% by volume of water, based on the total volume of liquid in the aqueous liquid electrolyte.
- the aqueous liquid electrolyte may further comprise an organic co-solvent, especially chosen from dimethylsulfoxide, an alcohol (in particular biosourced ethanol) and a mixture thereof.
- the aqueous liquid electrolyte completely impregnates the porous separator to impregnate the porosity.
- porous separator is not limiting and this is well known to those skilled in the art.
- the porous separator may be a porous non-conductive electronic material, generally a polyolefin (e.g., polyethylene) -based polymeric material or fibers (e.g., glass fiber or wood fiber, cellulosic fiber).
- a polyolefin e.g., polyethylene
- fibers e.g., glass fiber or wood fiber, cellulosic fiber
- the battery according to the third subject of the invention may be prepared according to the following steps:
- an aqueous liquid electrolyte as defined in the present invention, in particular by mixing water with a salt of an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, aluminum or the ammonium ion assembling a positive electrode, a negative electrode and a porous separator, as defined in the present invention, and
- the fourth subject of the invention is a redox ionic compound, characterized in that it comprises or consists of at least one ionic compound of formula (III-a), (III-a1), (III-b) or (III -bi) as defined in the first subject of the invention, excluding the compounds of formula (III-a) for which L is a linear alkylene chain having 2 or 10 carbon atoms.
- the redox ionic compound comprises or consists of at least one ionic compound of formula (III-a), (III-a1), (III-b), (III-bi) as defined in the first subject of the invention, with L being an alkylene chain, preferably linear, having from 3 to 6 carbon atoms, and even more preferably from 3, 4 or 5 carbon atoms.
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- LiTFSI lithium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide
- Aldrich 4,4'-bipyridine, Aldrich,
- a a " is a mixture of TFSF and Br " , and n is such that 1 ⁇ n ⁇ 3.
- LiTFSI may be omitted leaving the mixture for 4 days at 130 ° C, filtering and washing the precipitate with dichloromethane (DCM). This procedure leads to the same amount of active redox fraction of compound 1, but with only bromide ions as counteranions.
- the redox ionic compound 2 has the following formula:
- the redox ionic compound 3 has the following formula:
- Ketjen black carbon black and 70 mg of redox ionic compound 1 as prepared in Example 1.1 were mixed by manual co-grinding in a mortar. 5 mg of PTFE was then added to this mixture and the resulting mixture was co-milled to form a composite material film.
- the film thus obtained was then pressed on a 316L stainless steel grid at 5 tonnes / cm 2 .
- the electrode comprised about 10 mg / cm 2 of redox ionic compound 1.
- the negative electrode had a total thickness of 100 ⁇ m and included an amount of about 2 mg of ionic redox compound 1.
- the electrochemical tests were carried out under a nitrogen atmosphere in glass cells comprising three electrodes and 10 ml of electrolyte.
- the three electrodes of the cell C 1 were as follows:
- a reference electrode consisting of a calomel electrode (SCE), and a counter-electrode consisting of a mixture of 95% by weight of carbon (Ketjen Black) and 5% by weight of PTFE and having a capacity systematically oversized by a factor of two to four, compared to the working electrode.
- the aqueous liquid electrolyte of cell C 1 was an aqueous solution of Mg (ClO 4 ) 2 at 1.25 M.
- the electrodes bathe in a large excess of electrolyte and are about 1 cm apart. It is therefore not necessary to use a separator.
- Figure la shows the potential versus SCE (in Volts, V) as a function of the specific capacitance (in mAh / g) at different currents 0.3 A / g (curve with the black solid line), 0.6 A / g (curve with large dotted lines), 1.2 A / g (curve with solid gray line), and 2.4 A / g (curve with small dots) for cell C 1 .
- FIG. 1b shows the load capacity (in mAh / g) (bottom curve) and coulombic efficiency (in%) (top curve) as a function of the number of cycles for the cell C 1 , when the protocol noted P 1 cycling was carried out: galvanostatic cycling between 0 and -0.75 V with successive sequences of 20 cycles for a current of 0.3 A / g, 0.6 A / g and 1.2 A / g, followed by galvanostatic cycling between 0 and -0.90 V with a sequence of 100 cycles at a current of 2.4 A / g, followed by galvanostatic cycling between 0 and -0.75 V with a sequence of 20 cycles for a current of 0.3 A / g, followed by a constant potential period of -0.75V for one minute.
- Figure 2 shows the load capacity (in mAh / g) (bottom curve) and coulombic efficiency (in%) (top curve) as a function of the number of cycles for the cell C 1 , when the protocol P 1 cycling as defined above was carried out until the 520th cycle; followed by a subsequent cycling protocol P 2 carried out up to the 1853rd cycle: galvanostatic cycling between 0 and -0.90 V with successive cycles of 20 cycles for a current of 0.3 A / g, 0.6 A / g and 1.2 A / g, followed by galvanostatic cycling between 0 and -0.90 V with a sequence of 100 cycles at a current of 2.4 A / g, followed by galvanostatic cycling between 0 and -0.75 V with a sequence of 20 cycles for a current of 0.3 A / g, followed by a constant potential period -0.75V for one minute; followed by a subsequent cycling protocol P 3 carried out to the end: galvanostatic cycling between 0 and -0.85 V with
- Figure 3 shows the load capacity (in mAh / g) (top curve) and coulombic efficiency (in%) (bottom curve) as a function of the number of cycles for the cell C 2 , when the protocol P 1 as defined above was carried out, except that between the 161 th and 165 th cycles, the current was 0.3 A / g with galvanostatic cycling between 0 and -0.65 V, followed by a constant potential period of -0.65V for one minute.
- Ketjen black carbon black and 70 mg of redox ionic compound 2 as prepared in Example 1.1 were mixed by manual co-grinding in a mortar. 5 mg of PTFE was then added to this mixture and the resulting mixture was co-milled to form a composite material film.
- the film thus obtained was then pressed on a 316L stainless steel grid at 5 tonnes / cm 2 .
- the electrode comprised about 10 mg / cm 2 of redox ionic compound 2.
- the negative electrode had a total thickness of 100 ⁇ m and included an amount of about 2 mg of redox ionic compound 2.
- the electrochemical tests were carried out under a nitrogen atmosphere in glass cells comprising three electrodes and 10 ml of electrolyte.
- the three electrodes of cell C 3 were as follows:
- a reference electrode consisting of a calomel electrode (SCE), and
- a counterelectrode consisting of a mixture of 95% by weight of carbon (Ketjen Black) and 5% by weight of PTFE and having a capacity that is systematically oversized by a factor of two to four, relative to the electrode of job .
- the aqueous liquid electrolyte of the C 3 cell was an aqueous 2.5M NaCl 4 solution.
- the C 3 cell was compared with cells C A , C B and C c that are not part of the invention, and whose characteristics are as follows, with respect to the C 3 cell:
- the cell C A comprised a mixture A not forming part of the invention consisting of a 4,4'-bipyridine ⁇ , ⁇ 'disubstituted with a methyl and a naphthalene diimide disubstituted with a methyl, of molar ratio 2 : 1, the mixture A having the following formula: instead of the redox ionic compound 2,
- cell C B comprised a 4,4'-bipyridine ⁇ , ⁇ 'disubstituted with a methyl not forming part of the invention in place of the redox ionic compound 2, and
- the cell C c comprised a naphthalene diimide disubstituted with methyl not forming part of the invention in place of the redox ionic compound 2.
- Methyl-disubstituted 4,4'-bipyridine ⁇ , ⁇ ' was prepared from the corresponding commercial chlorine compound (Sigma Aldrich) by solubilizing said compound in water and re-precipitating it in the presence of sodium perchlorate. sodium.
- Methyl disubstituted naphthalene diimide was prepared according to the method as described in Sci. China Chem. , Fig. 4 shows the load capacity (in mAh / g) (top curve) and coulombic efficiency (in%) (bottom curve) as a function of the number of cycles for the cell C 3 , when the cycling protocol P 1 as defined in Example 2.2 was carried out until the 470th cycle, followed by galvanostatic cycling between 0 and -1.20 V up to the 520 th cycle for a current of 2.4 A / g, followed by galvanostatic cycling between 0 and -0.75 V up to the 550th cycle for a current of 0.3 A / g, followed by galvanostatic cycling between 0 and -1, 10 V up to the 580 th cycle for a current of 1.2 A / g, followed by galvanostatic cycling between 0 and -1.20 V until the end for a current of 2.4 A / boy Wut .
- Figure 5 shows the load capacity (in mAh / g) as a function of the number of cycles of the cells C 3 (curve with the squares), C A (curve with the triangles), C B (curve with the circles) and C c (curve with the crosses), when the following cycling protocol was carried out: galvanostatic cycling between 0 and -0.75 V with successive sequences of 20 cycles for a current of 0.3 A / g, 0.6 A / g and 1.2 A / g, followed by galvanostatic cycling between 0 and -0.90 V with a sequence of 100 cycles at a current of 2.4 A / g g, followed by a loop.
- the electrochemical performances are much less good when using a mixture of two distinct compounds, a naphthalene diimide and a 4,4'-bipyridine ⁇ , ⁇ '-disubstituted, with respect to a redox ionic compound as defined in the invention which comprises both the above-mentioned compounds in the form of repeating units or not.
- Ketjen black carbon black and 70 mg of redox ionic compound 1 as prepared in Example 1.1 were mixed by manual co-grinding in a mortar. 5 mg of PTFE was then added to this mixture and the resulting mixture was co-milled to form a composite material film.
- the film thus obtained was then pressed on a 316L stainless steel grid at 5 tonnes / cm 2 .
- the electrode comprised about 10 mg / cm 2 of redox ionic compound 1.
- the negative electrode had a total thickness of 100 ⁇ m and included an amount of about 2 mg of ionic redox compound 1.
- Table 3 below shows the mass composition of the negative electrode E-3 obtained: TABLE 3
- a B-1 battery was prepared by assembling three electrodes under a nitrogen atmosphere at room temperature:
- a positive electrode made up of 66% by mass of carbon black and 34% by weight Prussian blue 7 Fe (CN) i 8, and having an oversized capacity of a factor of four compared to the negative electrode ,
- SCE calomel reference electrode
- the aqueous liquid electrolyte was unfiltered water from the Atlantic Ocean.
- the positive and negative electrodes are bathed in a large excess of electrolyte and are about 1 cm apart. It is therefore not necessary to use a separator.
- FIG. 6a shows the potential versus SCE (in volts, V) as a function of the discharge capacity (in mAh / g) for the negative electrode (curve with the solid line), for the positive electrode (curve with the crosses ) and for the complete battery B 1 (curve with dotted lines), on the 2nd cycle at a current of 0.225 a / g (nominal 4C rate).
- Figure 6b shows the load capacity (in mAh / g) (bottom curve) and the coulombic efficiency (in%) (top curve) as a function of the number of cycles for the complete battery B-1, when the protocol P 1 cycling as defined in Example 2.1 was performed.
- the results of Examples 2-4 show that the redox ionic compounds as used in the invention exhibit good electrochemical performance in terms of capacity, cycling and efficiency.
- Ketjen black carbon black and 70 mg of redox ionic compound 1 as prepared in Example 1.1 were mixed by manual co-grinding in a mortar. 5 mg of PTFE was then added to this mixture and the resulting mixture was manually co-worked, thereby forming a film of composite material.
- the film thus obtained was then cut to the desired size and pressed on a 316L stainless steel grid at 5 tonnes / cm 2 .
- the electrode comprised about 10 mg / cm 2 of redox ionic compound 1.
- the negative electrode had a total thickness of 100 ⁇ m and included an amount of about 1 mg of ionic redox compound 1.
- a B-2 battery was prepared by assembling three electrodes under a nitrogen atmosphere at room temperature:
- SCE calomel reference electrode
- the aqueous liquid electrolyte was a saturated solution of NaClO 4 .
- the positive and negative electrodes are bathed in a large excess of electrolyte and are about 1 cm apart. It is therefore not necessary to use a separator.
- Figure 7 shows the load capacity (in mAh) (upper curve) and the load energy (in mW.h) (bottom curve) as a function of the number of cycles for the complete battery B-2 (each two electrodes of about 1.1 mg), when the voltage of the cell is 1, 12 V and the cycling protocol carried out is as follows: galvanostatic cycling at a current of 0.075 A / g with a maximum charging voltage of 1, 8 V.
- Ketjen black carbon black and 75 mg or 80 mg of redox ionic compound 1 as prepared in Example 1.1 were mixed by co-grinding using a ball mill sold under the trade name Pulverisette 7 classic line by the company Fritsch. 5 mg of PTFE was then added to this mixture and the resulting mixture was co-milled using the ball mill to form a film of composite material.
- the film thus obtained was then pressed on a 316L stainless steel grid at 5 tonnes / cm 2 .
- the electrode comprised about 10 mg / cm 2 of redox ionic compound 1.
- the negative electrode had a total thickness of 100 ⁇ m and included an amount of about 1 mg of ionic redox compound 1.
- the electrochemical tests were carried out under a nitrogen atmosphere in glass cells comprising three electrodes and 10 ml of electrolyte.
- the three electrodes of cell C 5 (respectively of cell C 6 ) were as follows:
- a reference electrode consisting of a calomel electrode (SCE), and
- a counter-electrode consisting of a mixture of 90% by weight of carbon (Ketjen Black) and 10% by weight of PTFE and having a capacity that is systematically oversized by a factor of two to four, relative to the electrode of job .
- the aqueous liquid electrolyte of C 5 and C 6 cells was a solution of 2.5 M NaCl 4 .
- FIG. 8 shows the load capacity (in mAh / g) as a function of the number of cycles for the cell C 1 as defined previously (curve with the crosses), for the cell C 5 (curve with the circles) and for the cell C 6 (curve with squares) when the following cycling protocol was carried out: galvanostatic cycling with successive looping sequences of two sequences (i) then (ii) then (i): (i) between 0 and -0, 75 V with successive sequences of 20 cycles for a current of 0.3 A / g, 0.6 A / g and 1.2 A / g followed of (ii) between 0 and -0.85 V with a sequence of 100 cycles at a current of 2.4 A / g.
- Ketjen black carbon black and 70 mg of redox ionic compound 3 as prepared in Example 1.3 were mixed by manual co-grinding in a mortar. 5 mg of PTFE was then added to this mixture and the resulting mixture was co-milled to form a composite material film.
- the film thus obtained was then pressed on a 316L stainless steel grid at 5 tonnes / cm 2 .
- the electrode comprised about 10 mg / cm 2 of redox ionic compound 3.
- the negative electrode had a total thickness of 100 ⁇ m and included about 2 mg of redox ionic compound 3.
- Table 6 below shows the mass composition of the negative electrode E-7 obtained:
- Electrochemical Tests on C 7 and C 1 Cells The electrochemical tests were carried out under a nitrogen atmosphere in glass cells comprising three electrodes and 10 ml of electrolyte.
- the three electrodes of cell C 7 were as follows:
- a working electrode consisting of the negative electrode E-7 as prepared in example 7.1; a reference electrode consisting of a calomel electrode;
- SCE a counterelectrode consisting of a mixture of 95% by weight of carbon (Ketjen Black) and 5% by weight of PTFE and having a capacity that is systematically oversized by a factor of two to four, relative to the electrode of job
- the aqueous liquid electrolyte of the C 7 cell was an aqueous 2.5M NaCl 4 solution.
- the electrodes bathe in a large excess of electrolyte and are about 1 cm apart. It is therefore not necessary to use a separator.
- FIG. 9 shows the load capacity (in mAh / g) as a function of the number of cycles for the cell C 1 as defined above (curve with the squares), and for the cell C 7 (curve with the circles) when the following cycling protocol was performed: galvanostatic cycling with successive looping sequences of two sequences (i) and (ii) such that: (i) between 0 and -0.75 V with successive sequences of 20 cycles for a current of 0.3 A / g, 0.6 A / g and 1.2 A / g followed by (ii) between 0 and -0.85 V with a sequence of 100 cycles at a current of 2.4 A / g.
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Abstract
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1751907A FR3063728B1 (fr) | 2017-03-08 | 2017-03-08 | Composes ioniques redox bis(pyridinium)-naphthalene diimide comme materiaux actifs d'electrode |
| PCT/FR2018/050529 WO2018162851A1 (fr) | 2017-03-08 | 2018-03-07 | Composés ioniques redox bis(pyridinium)-naphthalène diimide comme matériaux actifs d'électrode |
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| EP3592744A1 true EP3592744A1 (fr) | 2020-01-15 |
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| EP18712972.1A Withdrawn EP3592744A1 (fr) | 2017-03-08 | 2018-03-07 | Composés ioniques redox bis(pyridinium)-naphthalène diimide comme matériaux actifs d'électrode |
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| US (1) | US20200028172A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP3592744A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3063728B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2018162851A1 (fr) |
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| ES3038932T3 (en) * | 2017-08-17 | 2025-10-15 | Univ Columbia | Redox flow batteries and compounds for battery application |
| WO2020201405A1 (fr) | 2019-04-02 | 2020-10-08 | Rivus Ab | Batterie à flux redox et nouveaux composés utiles dans celle-ci |
| JP7367059B2 (ja) | 2019-07-02 | 2023-10-23 | エルジー エナジー ソリューション リミテッド | 硫黄-炭素複合体、これを含むリチウム二次電池用正極及びリチウム二次電池 |
| EP3968408A4 (fr) * | 2019-07-02 | 2022-07-06 | LG Energy Solution, Ltd. | Composite soufre-carbone, électrode positive pour batterie lithium rechargeable comprenant celui-ci, et batterie lithium rechargeable |
| FR3107614B1 (fr) * | 2020-02-21 | 2025-11-21 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procédé de préparation d’un matériau composite particulaire pour électrode organique |
| KR102949456B1 (ko) | 2020-06-03 | 2026-04-08 | 한국전력공사 | 레독스 흐름 전지용 전해액, 레독스 흐름 전지 및 레독스 흐름 전지용 활물질 제조방법 |
| CN111825348B (zh) * | 2020-08-13 | 2021-09-17 | 乐清市川嘉电气科技有限公司 | 一种多孔电致变色玻璃及其制备方法 |
| CN114409648B (zh) * | 2022-01-18 | 2023-04-18 | 南方科技大学 | 一种π共轭离子化合物及其应用、钙钛矿薄膜及其制备方法、钙钛矿太阳能电池 |
| CN117638008B (zh) * | 2022-08-09 | 2025-10-17 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | 一种钠电池用正极活性材料及其制备方法、应用 |
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| US20140220392A1 (en) | 2013-02-04 | 2014-08-07 | Alveo Energy, Inc. | Prussian Blue Analogue Anodes for Aqueous Electrolyte Batteries |
-
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- 2018-03-07 WO PCT/FR2018/050529 patent/WO2018162851A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2018-03-07 US US16/490,978 patent/US20200028172A1/en not_active Abandoned
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| US20200028172A1 (en) | 2020-01-23 |
| WO2018162851A1 (fr) | 2018-09-13 |
| FR3063728A1 (fr) | 2018-09-14 |
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