EP3590881A1 - Transport device - Google Patents

Abstract

Transport device (1) for a crane (2), in particular a portal crane, for transporting at least one container (3) or another load, the transport device (1) having at least one trolley (4) and at least eight ropes (5 ', 5 " , 6 ', 6 ", 7', 7", 8 ', 8 ") and lift one by means of the ropes (5', 5", 6 ', 6 ", 7', 7", 8 ', 8 ") - comprises load handling device (9) hanging on the trolley (4) so that it can be lowered, and the ropes (5 ', 5 ", 6', 6", 7 ', 7 ", 8', 8") on at least one on the trolley (4) rotatably mounted cable drum (10, 10 ') can be wound up, the transport device (1) having adjusting devices (11) for relative adjustment of the load-bearing device (9) relative to the trolley (4), and an adjusting element (12) of the respective adjusting device ( 11), in one operating state of the transport device (1), two of the ropes (5 ', 5 "; 6', 6"; 7 ', 7 "; 8', 8") are rigidly coupled to one another, the adjusting devices (11) are arranged on the trolley (4) and the Stellelem ent (12) of the respective adjusting device (11) in the operating state for acting on a respective rope end connection (14) or a respective rope deflection point (15) of the two ropes (5 ', 5 "which are rigidly coupled to one another in the operating state; 6 ', 6 "; 7', 7"; 8 ', 8 ") is movable relative to the trolley (4).

Description

The present invention relates to a transport device for a crane, in particular a gantry crane, for transporting at least one container or other load, the transport device comprising at least one trolley and at least eight ropes and a load suspension device which can be raised and lowered by means of the ropes, and the ropes can be wound on at least one rope drum rotatably mounted on the trolley, the transport device having adjustment devices for the relative adjustment of the load suspension device relative to the trolley, and an adjusting element of the respective adjustment device, in an operating state of the transport device, rigidly coupling two of the ropes to one another. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for operating a transport device and a crane with a transport device.

When transporting containers or other loads by means of a crane, transport devices of the type mentioned above are used. In addition to the usual functions of a crane, in particular lifting and lowering the at least one container or the other load, it is usually also necessary to adjust the at least one container or the other load in at least one horizontal direction by the at least one container or the other load to park at a predetermined location or to take up by means of the transport device. The transport device generally has a trolley which can be moved along a crane girder of the crane and which enables the movement of the transport device in a first horizontal direction, while the crane as a whole can usually be moved in a second horizontal direction. This makes it possible to roughly position the transport device and in particular the load suspension device hanging on the trolley.

For rapid handling of the containers or other loads, in addition to high travel speeds, rapid and precise positioning of the load suspension device at the receiving location and at the parking space of the at least one container or the other load is advantageous. The process of precisely positioning the load suspension device is also referred to as fine positioning.

In the AT 516 981 A1 shows a transport device with a large number of individually controllable cable drums, on each of which one of the cables can be wound. By individually adjusting the speed and / or direction of rotation of the cable drums, the load suspension device can be finely positioned. However, the technical effort for individually controlling the cable drums is reasonably high.

In the DE 20 2006 000 490 U1 is shown a transport device of the type mentioned, in which the load-carrying device is carried by two longitudinal pairs of cables and two transverse pairs of cables. The ends of the cable pairs remote from the cable drum are each anchored to a connecting member of the load-receiving device which can be displaced relative to a frame of the load-carrying device. For fine positioning of the load suspension device, the transport device has piston-cylinder units for the relative displacement of the connecting members relative to the load suspension device. To control the piston-cylinder units, hydraulic units, electrical components, sensors, etc. on the load suspension device are required, which increase the weight of the load suspension device.

The object of the invention is to provide a simply constructed transport device of the type mentioned above, in which the weight of the load suspension device can be reduced compared to the prior art.

According to the invention, this is achieved with a transport device with the features of claim 1.

In a transport device according to the invention it is thus provided that the adjusting devices are arranged on the trolley and the adjusting element of the respective adjusting device can be moved in relation to the trolley in the operating state to act on a respective rope end connection or a respective rope deflection point of the two ropes rigidly coupled to one another in the operating state. In other words, the adjusting devices in the transport device according to the invention are attached or fixed, in particular directly, to the trolley. This means that the adjustment devices are, in particular, carried directly by the trolley. The adjusting devices of the transport device according to the invention are therefore not arranged on or on the load suspension device.

The provision of the adjusting devices on the trolley means that there is no need for complex energy supplies and cable routing for the actuators and the sensors of the adjusting devices from the trolley to the load-carrying device. Overall, the load suspension device according to the invention thus has a low weight.

The adjusting element of the adjusting device couples two of the cables of the transport device rigidly to one another in the operating state, preferably precisely. In the context of this invention, a rigid coupling of the ropes in the operating state is understood to mean that the movements of the ropes coupled to one another, which together can also be referred to as a pair of ropes, are interdependent. That is, the movement of the adjusting element relative to the trolley causes an immediate movement of both ropes rigidly coupled to one another by means of the adjusting element in the operating state. One could also speak of the two ropes being directly rigidly coupled by means of the actuating element in the operating state of the transport device. In particular, the rigid coupling means no indirect coupling of the ropes via other components, in particular not via the load suspension device itself.

The rigid coupling of the rope pair by means of the actuating element and the action of the actuating element on the ropes rigidly coupled to one another in the operating state advantageously results in a simultaneous change in position and / or position of the ropes rigidly coupled to one another in the operating state by means of the actuating element.

The rigid coupling of the cables coupled in the operating state by means of the actuating element can also be referred to as a rigid mechanical coupling. In the context of this document, a rigid mechanical coupling includes a physical coupling of the ropes by means of at least one rigid body and / or by means of hydraulics.

The expression "action" in connection with the respective rope end connection or the respective rope deflection point of the two ropes rigidly coupled to one another in the operating state is understood in the context of this document to mean that a movement of the actuating element relative to the trolley leads to a change in position and / or a change in position of the rigidly to one another coupled ropes leads. One could also speak of the fact that the courses of the ropes of the rope pair which are rigidly coupled to one another in the operating state can be changed by means of the movable adjusting element, the adjusting element of the respective adjusting device acting in the operating state on a respective rope end connection or a respective rope deflection point of the ropes of the rope pair.

The action on a respective rope end connection or a respective rope deflection point is advantageously carried out simultaneously in the operating state. In this context, one could also speak of a synchronous action of the actuating element on the rigidly coupled ropes in the operating state.

In the operating state of the transport device, it is provided that, due to the rigid coupling of the two ropes coupled to one another by means of the adjusting element, the distance between the components of the adjusting element acting on the rope end connections or the rope deflection points of the rigidly coupled ropes, apart from any play in or negligible elastic deformation of the control element (s), fixed, ie unchangeable.

The adjustment devices can be controlled independently of the movement of the at least one cable drum. For this purpose, the respective adjustment device advantageously has a drive, for example an electromechanical or hydraulic drive, for adjusting the adjusting element relative to the trolley. It can be provided that the at least one cable drum stands still during the relative adjustment of the load suspension device relative to the trolley by means of the adjusting devices. However, this is not mandatory. A superimposed control of the cable drums and at least one of the adjustment devices is also conceivable and possible. By actuating the adjusting devices of the transport device, the load suspension device is finely positioned relative to the trolley. That the adjusting devices act by means of the adjusting elements on the ropes rigidly coupled to one another on the respective adjusting element and thus serve to adjust the position and / or the alignment of the load-carrying device during fine positioning. The fine positioning could also be referred to as an adjustment of the load suspension device relative to the trolley.

The trolley, which can also be referred to as a crane trolley, is advantageously mounted for longitudinal displacement on a crane girder of the crane. The load suspension device hanging on the trolley advantageously has connecting devices for fastening the at least one container or the other load. Such connecting devices are well known in the prior art.

The at least one cable drum could also be referred to as a cable winch and is used to wind and unwind the cables. By rotating the cable drum, an end section of the respective cable is wound up or unwound, the load suspension device being raised or lowered. The transport device could have exactly one rope drum on which all the ropes Transport device can be wound up. It is expedient if the transport device has two or more cable drums, for example four cable drums. It is preferred if at least two of the ropes can be wound up and unwound on each rope drum. By dividing the ropes into several rope drums and individually controlling the rope drums, further functions of fine positioning can be realized, in which case groups of ropes can be wound up and unwound together. The entirety of the cable drums and the drives driving the cable drums is also referred to as a hoist.

In this document, a rope is referred to as a hoisting rope, which contributes to lifting the at least one container or the other load, and continuously between the end wound on the respective rope drum and an end of the rope facing away from the rope drum, which end is anchored to a component of the transport device , runs. In addition to a rope itself, the term rope or hoisting rope also includes bands or chains. The entirety of the ropes forms the so-called rope shaft, which is also called the rope tower, which extends between the trolley and the load suspension device. The cable shaft is the structure that carries the load suspension device and any container or other load attached to it. The geometry of the cable shaft depends on the relative position of the load suspension device in relation to the trolley.

The cable end connection is understood to be the device provided on the respective cable for anchoring the cable to a component. The cable end connection is arranged on the end section of the respective cable remote from the at least one cable drum. For example, the rope end connection could be a bolt press connection or a rope encapsulation or the like. Such rope end connections are well known in crane construction.

In this document, a rope deflection point considers a theoretical point around which the rope can be deflected or deflected. For example, a rope placed around a rope guide roller is rotated about an axis of rotation Cable guide roller deflected. The point of intersection between a plane in which a groove base of a rope groove of the rope guiding roller receiving the rope lies and the axis of rotation of the roller is referred to in the context of this document as a rope deflection point. The rope deflection point is therefore usually outside the contour of the rope itself.

In a preferred embodiment it is provided that the ropes are each deflected around at least one deflection roller arranged on the load suspension device and that the end of the respective rope facing away from the rope drum engages the trolley. The end of the respective rope facing away from the rope drum can e.g. be anchored to the actuator. In another possible embodiment, the end of the respective cable facing away from the cable drum can be anchored at a fixed cable point of the trolley. A type of pulley can be realized by providing a deflection roller for deflecting the ropes on the load suspension device. This enables the effective rope forces in the respective rope to be reduced. The deflection of the rope on the deflection roller could also be referred to as reeving of the rope or double guidance of the rope. Due to the reduced rope forces, a smaller rope diameter can be selected. A smaller diameter of the at least one cable drum is also advantageously required. Due to the smaller rope forces, the torques required to drive the at least one rope drum are also smaller. Alternatively, it would also be conceivable and possible to dispense with deflecting rollers on the load suspension device, the end of the respective rope facing away from the cable drum being anchored to the load suspension device.

Conveniently, at least in the operating state, the rope forces which act in the ropes of the pair of ropes or the forces introduced by the rope forces acting on the ropes on the actuating element, at least partially, preferably completely, cancel each other out. As a result, in order to adjust the load-bearing device relative to the trolley by means of the adjusting device, it is expedient to apply only a relative force for adjusting the respective adjusting element, which is less than 50%, preferably less than 25%, of the rope force acting in the respective rope. The complete repeal of the on the Adjustment element of the forces introduced by the cables is advantageously carried out in an equilibrium position of the load suspension device, ie advantageously without the action of dynamic forces, for example as a result of acceleration processes or environmental influences.

In a possible embodiment it can be provided that the adjusting element has at least one of the adjusting devices, preferably all adjusting devices, anchoring points at which the rope end connections of the ropes rigidly coupled to one another in the operating state are anchored. The ropes of the rope pair thus engage with their full rope force on the actuating element, the rope forces advantageously being at least partially canceled out, preferably completely in the equilibrium position of the load suspension.

In a preferred embodiment, the adjusting element is slidably mounted on the trolley. For example, the adjusting element could be longitudinally displaceable relative to the trolley by means of a hydraulic drive or an electromechanical drive of the adjusting device. The actuating element could, for example, have a rack in which a pinion of a gear motor engages. The displacement directions of the control element are advantageously in a horizontal plane.

In another preferred embodiment it can be provided that the adjusting element is pivotably mounted on the trolley. For example, the pivotably mounted actuating element can have a lever which can be pivoted relative to the trolley about a pivot axis arranged on the trolley. The lever can be adjusted e.g. by means of a hydraulic or electromechanical drive of the adjusting device.

In a further alternative embodiment it can be provided that the adjusting element has an adjusting drum rotatably mounted on the trolley, on which the two ropes rigidly coupled to one another in the operating state can be wound up. The ropes are wound up Conveniently in opposite directions, so that the rope forces acting in the ropes, as is preferred, at least partially, preferably completely, cancel each other out. The adjustment drum can be adjusted, for example, by means of an electromechanical drive, for example by means of a geared motor, or a hydraulic drive, for example by means of a hydraulic motor, of the adjustment device. The ropes could be anchored directly to the adjustment drum. Such anchors are known in the prior art in connection with the unwinding and anchoring of the ropes on the at least one rope drum of the hoist.

In a further possible embodiment it can be provided that the adjusting element has at least one of the adjusting devices, preferably all adjusting devices, on the adjusting element rotatably mounted deflection rollers for acting on the rope deflection points of the ropes of the rope pair rigidly coupled to one another in the operating state. For example, the adjusting element could be a sliding bar that can be displaced relative to the trolley and on which the deflection rollers, in particular at opposite ends of the sliding bar, are rotatably mounted.

In a preferred embodiment it is provided that the adjusting element of at least one, preferably all, of the adjusting devices has an overload protection device to avoid force peaks of the rope forces in the ropes in an overload state of the transport device, the rigid coupling of the ropes being at least briefly canceled or released in the overload state , The overload condition of the transport device can occur, for example, when the at least one container or the other load collides with an obstacle. In practice, for example, the occasion arises that the at least one container or the other load in a guide arranged on a ship jams, for example as a result of waves during unloading. In order to avoid damage to the crane, especially the trolley, the overload protection ensures compliance in the cable tower. This prevents overloading of the ropes and the hoist and the crane as a whole. In particular can be dispensed with the provision of complex safety clutches, which are arranged in transport devices of the prior art, for example in the drive train of the cable drums between the motor and the gearbox of the hoist.

In a particularly preferred embodiment according to the invention it can be provided that the overload safety device has a hydraulic arrangement with at least one hydraulic cylinder and two pistons, which are displaceably mounted in the at least one hydraulic cylinder, and at least one pressure relief valve for setting a specific limit force, the rope end connection being rigid in the operating state coupled ropes is anchored to each of the pistons. If the limit force is exceeded, hydraulic fluid in the hydraulic system overflows via the pressure relief valve and thus a relative adjustment of the two pistons and the rope end connections anchored to the pistons.

In another preferred modification of that transport device, in which the adjusting element has at least one of the adjusting devices an adjusting drum, it is advantageously provided that the adjusting drum has two adjusting drum halves which can be rotated relative to one another, on each of which one of the ropes rigidly coupled to one another in the operating state is wound, the Adjusting drum halves are coupled to one another by means of an adjustable brake of the overload protection device, and the brake rigidly couples the adjusting drum halves to one another in the operating state and permits relative rotation of the adjusting drum halves in the overload state. The adjusting drum halves can thus be rotated relative to one another by applying a force acting on the cables that is greater than a limit force that can be set on the brake, which can also be referred to as a braking or holding force. The adjusting drum halves are rigidly coupled to one another via the brake during the operating state. If the limit force is exceeded, the adjusting drum halves are rotated relative to one another, the cables wound on the respective adjusting drum half being unwound. The relative rotation of the Adjustment drum halves can be made independently of one another or coupled by means of a gear.

It is preferably provided that the load suspension device has two opposing long sides and two end faces that are oriented normal to the long sides, at least two of the ropes engaging on each of the end faces and long sides, and the ropes engaging on the same end face in one direction Seen parallel to the long sides, form at least one crossing point and / or that the ropes engaging on the same long side, viewed in a direction parallel to the end faces, form at least one crossing point. The stability of the cable shaft or the transport device can be increased by the crossed arrangement of two cables in each case engaging on the same longitudinal or end face of the load suspension device. Although a rope can essentially only absorb forces in the direction of the course of the rope, the above-mentioned crossed arrangement of two ropes can reduce pendulum movements of the load suspension device due to dynamic processes, such as acceleration processes, wind, etc.

The transport devices can have any combination of the above-mentioned exemplary embodiments of adjusting devices. For example, the transport device could comprise two adjusting devices in which the adjusting element has an adjusting drum and two adjusting devices which have an adjusting element which can be displaced relative to the trolley, etc.

Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for operating a transport device according to the invention, it being provided that, for the relative adjustment of the load suspension device relative to the trolley, at least one of the adjusting elements of the adjusting devices for acting on the respective rope end connection or the respective rope deflection point of the two rigidly coupled to one another in the operating state Ropes are moved relative to the trolley.

In a particularly preferred method, in which the adjusting element has at least one, preferably all, of the adjustment devices with an overload protection, this includes that in the overload state the rigid coupling of the ropes can be at least briefly canceled or released. By releasing the rigid coupling of the cables, the above-mentioned relative movement of the cable end connections or the cable deflection points of the cables rigidly coupled to one another in the operating state then takes place.

The present invention also relates to a crane, preferably a gantry crane, with at least one transport device according to the invention.

Fig. 1

einen als Portalkran ausgebildeten Kran mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Transporteinrichtung gemäß eines ersten Ausführungsbeispiels in einer ersten Arbeitsstellung;

Fig. 2

den Kran gemäß Fig. 1 in einer zweiten Arbeitsstellung;

Fig. 3

eine isometrische Ansicht der in Fig. 1 dargestellten Transporteinrichtung;

Fig. 4

die Transporteinrichtung gemäß Fig. 3 in einer vereinfachten Darstellung;

Fig. 5

die Transporteinrichtung gemäß Fig. 3 in einer Ansicht auf die Längsseite des Containers gesehen;

Fig. 6

die Transporteinrichtung gemäß Fig. 3 in einer Ansicht auf die Stirnseite des Containers gesehen;

Fig. 7

eine schematische Darstellung der in Fig. 6 gezeigten Ansicht der Transporteinrichtung in einer Ausgangsstellung der Justiereinrichtung;

Fig. 8

die in Fig. 7 dargestellte Transporteinrichtung in einer Justierstellung der Justiereinrichtung;

Fig. 9 und 10

schematische Darstellungen analog zu den Fig. 7 und 8 zu der in Fig. 5 dargestellten Ansicht der Transporteinrichtung des ersten Ausführungsbeispiels;

Fig. 11 und 12

schematische Darstellungen einer ersten Abwandlungsform der in den Fig. 7 und 8 gezeigten Justiereinrichtung in der Ausgangsstellung und in der Justierstellung;

Fig. 13 und 14

schematische Darstellungen einer zweiten Abwandlungsform der in den Fig. 9 und 10 gezeigten Justiereinrichtung in der Ausgangsstellung und in der Justierstellung;

Fig. 15, 16 und Fig. 17, 18

eine dritte und vierte Abwandlungsform der in Fig. 7, 8 gezeigten Justiereinrichtung, jeweils in der Ausgangsstellung und in der Justierstellung;

Fig. 19 bis 21

eine fünfte Abwandlungsform einer Justiereinrichtung, welche ein Stellelement mit einer Überlastsicherung aufweist, und

Fig. 22 bis 25

eine sechste Abwandlungsform einer Justiereinrichtung mit einer Überlastsicherung.

Further features and details of preferred embodiments of the invention are explained with reference to the exemplary embodiments of transport devices according to the invention shown in the figures and exemplary modification forms of adjusting devices and a crane according to the invention. Show it:

Fig. 1

a crane designed as a gantry crane with a transport device according to the invention according to a first embodiment in a first working position;

Fig. 2

the crane according Fig. 1 in a second working position;

Fig. 3

an isometric view of the in Fig. 1 shown transport device;

Fig. 4

the transport device according to Fig. 3 in a simplified representation;

Fig. 5

the transport device according to Fig. 3 seen in a view of the long side of the container;

Fig. 6

the transport device according to Fig. 3 seen in a view of the front of the container;

Fig. 7

a schematic representation of the in Fig. 6 shown view of the transport device in a starting position of the adjusting device;

Fig. 8

in the Fig. 7 Transport device shown in an adjustment position of the adjustment device;

9 and 10

schematic representations analogous to the 7 and 8 to the in Fig. 5 shown view of the transport device of the first Embodiment;

11 and 12

schematic representations of a first modification of the in the 7 and 8 adjustment device shown in the starting position and in the adjustment position;

13 and 14

schematic representations of a second modification of the in the 9 and 10 adjustment device shown in the starting position and in the adjustment position;

15, 16 and 17, 18

a third and fourth modification of the in 7, 8 adjustment device shown, in each case in the starting position and in the adjustment position;

19 to 21

a fifth modification of an adjusting device which has an actuating element with an overload protection, and

22 to 25

a sixth modification of an adjusting device with an overload protection.

In the 1, 2 A crane 2 designed as a portal crane for transporting containers 3 in a container terminal is shown. The crane 2 can be moved horizontally with respect to a direction orthogonal to the plane of the drawing. For this purpose, the gantry crane is supported directly on the base 24 on trolleys, which are not described in any more detail and are well known in the prior art. In the exemplary embodiment, the trolleys are inflated with air. In other embodiments, the gantry crane could also be supported on crane rails arranged on the ground, as is also well known. The crane 2 shown embodiment has a crane girder 22, which is supported on the trolleys by means of uprights 23. A trolley 4 of a transport device 1 is movably mounted on the crane girder 22, which can also be referred to as the main girder of the crane 2. The trolley 4 is supported by means of rollers, not specified in any more detail, on the rails arranged on the crane girder 22. All of this is well known in the art.

Furthermore, the transport device 1 comprises a load suspension device 9 with a connection device (not specified) for connection to at least one container 3 or another load.

The load suspension device 9 hangs in the exemplary embodiment shown with eight ropes 5 ', 5 ", 6', 6", 7 ', 7 ", 8', 8" on the trolley 4 and is by lengthening or shortening the free length of the ropes 5 ' up to 8 'and 5 "to 8" movable relative to trolley 4, cf. the two different ones in the 1 and 2 illustrated working positions of the transport device 1. The ropes 5 'to 8' and 5 "to 8" extending between the trolley 4 and the load suspension device 9 together form the cable shaft of the transport device 1. The rigidity of the cable shaft is essential for the pendulum behavior of the load suspension device 9 Starting and braking of the crane 2.

The load-carrying device 9 has two opposing longitudinal sides 43 and mutually opposite end faces 44 which are oriented normally to the longitudinal sides 43. The longitudinal sides 43 and the end faces 44 are expediently aligned parallel to the longitudinal sides and the end faces of the container 3 which can be fastened or fastened to the load-carrying device 9 , see. eg Fig. 4 ,

By moving the crane 2 on the ground 24 and / or moving the trolley 4 in the longitudinal direction of the crane girder 22, the load suspension device 9 can be positioned relatively quickly in at least two horizontal directions. This process is also known as rough positioning.

In the exemplary embodiment, the transport device 1 has a lifting mechanism with two cable drums 10, 10 'which are rotatably mounted on the trolley 4 and which in the 3 and 4 are clearly visible. The cable drums 10, 10 'can be driven, ie rotated, independently of one another by means of drive arrangements of the lifting mechanism which are not described in any more detail.

In the exemplary embodiment, end sections of four of the eight ropes 5 '- 8' and 5 "- 8" are wound on each of the rope drums 10, 10 '. The cables 6 ', 6 ", 7', 8 'are assigned to the cable drum 10 and the cables 5', 5", 7 ", 8" to the cable drum 10 '. The Ropes 6 ', 6 ", 7', 8 'or 5', 5", 7 ", 8" respectively assigned to one of the rope drums 10, 10 'could also be referred to as a rope group, each of which is simultaneously operated by the respective rope drum 10, 10 'can be unwound or wound onto them.

For lifting and lowering the load suspension device 9 along a vertical axis 60 of the load suspension device 9 or the container 3 into mutually opposite vertical displacement directions 32, which are shown in FIG Fig. 4-6 are shown, the cable drums 10, 10 'are driven synchronously by means of the drive arrangements. This prevents an undesired tilting of the load suspension device 9 during the lifting and lowering movement. The vertical displacement directions 32 lie parallel to the vertical axis 60.

By providing two cable drums 10, 10 'which can be driven independently of one another, the longitudinal inclination of the load, in particular of the at least one container 3, can be adjusted by individually driving the cable drums 10, 10'. As a result, longitudinally inclined vehicles, for example trucks, can easily be unloaded or loaded. In the exemplary embodiment, therefore, the container 3 is rotated in an opposite direction of rotation 47 about a transverse axis 62 of the container 3 or of the load-carrying device 9 by individually driving the cable drums 10, 10 ′ 4 and 6 Cross-displacement directions 31 shown as examples are aligned parallel to the transverse axis 62. The transverse displacement directions 31 are shown lying on the transverse axis 62 in the figures.

In the exemplary embodiment, each of the cables 5 '- 8' and 5 "- 8" on the load suspension device 9 is deflected by means of a deflection roller 13 which is rotatably mounted on the load suspension device 9. The deflecting rollers 13 have a cable groove (not shown in more detail) for securely receiving a cable. For reasons of clarity, the drawing of the bearing of the deflection rollers 13 has been omitted in the figures. By deflecting each lifting rope 5 '- 8' and 5 "- 8" on the respective deflection roller 13, the rope forces acting in each rope are halved compared to a simple guide. The pulleys 13 for deflecting the cables 5 ', 5 ", 6', 6" are at least substantially aligned parallel to the end faces 44, ie that the plane of rotation of the respective deflection roller 13 for deflecting the cables 5 ', 5 ", 6', 6 "is aligned essentially parallel to the end faces 44. The deflection rollers 13 for deflecting the cables 7 ', 7 ", 8', 8" are also at least substantially aligned parallel to the long sides 43, ie that the plane of rotation of the respective deflection roller 13 for deflecting the cables 7 ', 7 ", 8 ', 8 "is aligned substantially parallel to the long sides 43. In this context, “at least essentially” means that the planes of rotation of the deflecting rollers 13 deviate by less than 10 °, preferably by less than 5 °, from the plane in which the long sides 43 and the end faces 44 lie.

In the exemplary embodiment, the transport device 1 has four adjusting devices 11 for the relative adjustment of the load suspension device 9 relative to the trolley 4. The adjusting devices 11, which could also be referred to as adjusting devices or fine positioning devices, are arranged on the trolley 4. Each adjusting device 11 has an actuating element 12 which, in an operating state of the transport device 1, rigidly couples two of the cables 5 ', 5 "or 6', 6" or 7 ', 7 "or 8', 8" to one another , The transport device 1 of the first exemplary embodiment has two different embodiments of adjusting devices 11, the respective peculiarities of which are discussed in detail below.

The cables 5 ', 5 "or 6', 6" or 7 ', 7 "or 8', 8" rigidly coupled to one another in the operating state by means of the actuating element 12 each form a pair of cables 5, 6, 7, and 8 If in the following a respective one of the pairs of cables 5 - 8 is mentioned, then the two cables 5 ', 5 "or 6', 6" or 7 ', 7, each rigidly coupled to one another in the operating state by means of the adjusting element 12 "or 8 ', 8" of the rope pair 5 - 8 meant.

In the first exemplary embodiment, the ropes 5 ′, 5 ″ of the rope pair 5 or 6 ′, 6 ″ of the rope pair 6 engaging on the same end face 43 form parallel in one direction seen on the long sides 43, in the respective cable strands extending between the deflection rollers 13 and the adjusting device 11, a crossing point 45. The crossing point 45 is in FIGS 7 and 8 with regard to the pair of cables 5 shown therein and occurs in an analogous manner also with the pair of cables 6. The ropes 7 ', 7 "of the rope pair 7 or 8', 8" of the rope pair 8 engaging on the same longitudinal side 43 also form, seen in a direction parallel to the end faces 43, at least in the respective ones between the deflection rollers 13 and the Adjustment device 11 extending rope strands a crossing point 45, which in the simplified representations of the 9 and 10 is drawn with regard to the pair of cables 7 shown therein and also occurs in the same way with the pair of cables 8. By crossing the pairs of cables 5, 6 or 7, 8, each of which engages on the same longitudinal side 43 or end 44, a high stability of the cable shaft of the transport device 1 can be achieved. In addition, it is possible to drive relatively narrow container lanes with the transport device 1, cf. eg the in Fig. 2 illustrated working position of the crane 2.

In the Fig. 4 and 7-10 the supporting structure of the trolley 4 has been omitted in order to make the cable drums 10, 10 'and adjusting devices 11 arranged on the trolley 4 more recognizable. Furthermore, in the Fig. 7-10 the trolley 4 and the load suspension device 9 have been omitted in order to clarify the functioning of the adjusting devices 11. Furthermore, it concerns the Fig. 7-10 2D views, in each of which only one of the cable pairs 5, 7 of the transport device 1 is shown.

The adjusting element 12 of the respective adjusting device 11 of the transport device 1 is in the operating state for acting on a respective cable end connection 14 of the two cables 5 ', 5 ", 6', 6", 7 ', 7 ", 8' and 8 rigidly coupled to one another in the operating state "movable relative to the trolley 4. The movement of the actuating element 12 relative to the trolley 4 causes an immediate movement of both ropes 5 ', 5 ", 6', 6", 7 ', 7 ", 8' and 8" rigidly coupled to one another by means of the actuating element 12 in the operating state. The movement possibilities in the displacement directions 28 or in the swivel directions 29 of the actuating elements 12 in a starting position of the respective adjusting device 11 are in the 3 to 6 . 7 and 9 each drawn as double arrows. In the 8 and 10 In contrast, an adjustment position of the adjustment device 11 is shown, in which a fine positioning of the load suspension device 9 or the container 3 was carried out by adjusting the respective adjusting element 12.

Seen from a respective deflection roller 13, a rope section of the respective rope 5 '- 8' and 5 "- 8" in the exemplary embodiment runs tangentially to one of the rope drums 10, 10 '. In the first exemplary embodiment, this cable section, which extends from the cable drum 10, 10 'to the respective deflection roller 13, runs essentially vertically in the starting position of the adjusting devices 11, with respect to all directions. In this context, the term “essentially vertical” means an angular deviation of the cable section extending from the deflection roller 13 to the respective cable drum 10, 10 ′ from the vertical of at most 10 °, preferably less than 5 °, particularly preferably less than 2 °, meant. In the Figures 7 and 9 , The rope sections of the rope pairs 5 and 7, which extend between the deflection roller 13 and the respective rope drums 10, 10 ', are aligned exactly vertically in the starting position, as is also preferred.

With reference to the 7 and 8 the first embodiment of the adjustment devices 11 of the transport device 1 according to the first embodiment will now be discussed. The following explanations refer to the information provided in the 7 and 8 Explicitly shown rope pair 5 apply analogously to rope pair 6.

The actuator 12 of the in 7 and 8 The adjusting device 11 shown can be displaced relative to the trolley 4 in the mutually opposite displacement directions 28 for displacing the container 3 in the mutually opposite transverse displacement directions 31. For this purpose, a bearing 40, which is only symbolically indicated in the figures, is arranged on the trolley 4 for the displaceable mounting of the actuating element 12. Furthermore, the Transport device 1 of the first exemplary embodiment on the trolley 4 rotatably mounted rope pulleys 25 for deflecting the rope section of the ropes 5 ′, 5 ″ each extending from the respective deflection roller 13 to the rope end connection 14.

In the in Fig. 8 adjustment position shown, the control element 12 of the adjustment device 11 is shown shifted to the right, cf. the in Fig. 8 shown arrow. The cable end connections 14 of the cables 5 ′, 5 ″ are also displaced to the right with the control element 12 due to their anchoring on the control element 12 and the rigid coupling to one another in the adjustment position. The control element 12 is adjusted with regard to the load suspension device 9 or the container 3 is shifted to the left in the horizontal direction Fig. 8 an auxiliary line 34 is drawn, which the vertical course of the rope section of the rope 5 ", which is in the Fig. 7 shown starting position extends between the deflection roller 13 and the cable drum 10, indicates. The position of the container 3 in the starting position is also in Fig. 8 indicated in dashed lines.

Due to the rigid coupling of the ropes 5 ', 5 "by means of the actuating element 12 in the operating state, an essentially horizontal displacement of the container 3 is effected when the actuating element 12 moves. The course of the ropes 5', 5" of the rope pair 5 is changed synchronous, ie at the same time and in particular to the same extent. Due to the at least substantially vertical course of the respective rope section of the ropes 5 ′, 5 ″ between the deflection roller 13 and the rope drum 10 in the starting position, an almost exclusive horizontal movement of the container 3 occurs when the adjusting element 12 is adjusted. One with the adjustment of the adjusting element The associated change in the position of the container 3 in the vertical direction is negligible due to the geometric conditions.

The ropes 5 ', 5 "engage via the anchoring points of the adjusting element 12 on the adjusting element 12, the rope forces of the ropes 5', 5" in the starting position cancel. To adjust the actuating element 12, therefore, only a relatively small actuating force is required to adjust the actuating element 12, so that only a relatively small drive of the adjusting device is required to adjust the actuating element 12. In the 7 and 8 the representation of a separate drive of the adjusting device 11 for moving the actuating element 12 was dispensed with. The actuating element 12 could be displaced relative to the trolley 4, for example by means of a geared motor or by means of a linear drive or by means of a hydraulic drive. Such drives are well known.

In the 9 and 10 is the, especially in Fig. 5 clearly visible and labeled, second embodiment of the adjusting device 11 of the transport device 1 of the first embodiment is shown in a simplified manner. While in Fig. 5 A geared motor 26 for driving this adjusting device 11 is also shown, was shown on the representation of the geared motor 26 in the 9 and 10 omitted for reasons of clarity. The following explanations refer to the information provided in the 9 and 10 Explicitly shown rope pair 7 apply analogously to the rope pair 8.

In the second embodiment of the adjusting device 11, it is provided that the adjusting element 12 has an adjusting drum 16 which is rotatably mounted on the trolley 4. The two cables 7 ', 7 "of the cable pair 7, which are rigidly coupled to one another in the operating state by means of the adjusting element 12, can be wound on the adjusting drum 16 9 and 10 clearly visible rope end connections 14 of the ropes 7 ', 7 "are anchored directly to the adjusting drum 16. By rotating the adjusting drum 16, the respective rope end connection 14 of the ropes 7', 7" is acted upon, the course of the ropes 7 ', 7 " the ropes 7 ', 7 "are wound in opposite directions onto the adjustment drum 16 in order to achieve a balanced rope system in the starting position, since the rope forces of the ropes 7' acting tangentially on the circumference of the adjustment drum 16 , 7 "or the moments introduced on the adjusting drum 16. By applying a positioning force or a positioning torque by means of the geared motor 26, the Adjusting drum 16 in the swivel directions 29 caused a displacement of the container 3, cf. Fig. 10 , The rope 7 "is wound onto the adjusting drum 16 and the rope 7 'is unwound from the adjusting drum 16. In Fig. 10 the auxiliary line 34, which is analogous to FIG Fig. 8 symbolizes the vertical or the course of the rope section of the rope 7 extending from the deflection roller 13 to the rope drum 10 'in the starting position. The starting position of the container 3 is again indicated by dashed lines.

Overall, the two versions of the in 7 and 8 or 8 and 9, schematically illustrated adjusting devices 11 in the operating state of the transport device 1, provide that the distance between the cable end connections 14 acting on the actuating element 12 does not change between the starting position and the adjusting position, ie is fixed. In other words, in the operating state there is no relative movement between the cable end connection 14 of the cables 5 ', 5 ", 6', 6", 7 ', 7 ", 8' and 8" rigidly coupled to each other at the respective actuating element 12.

With reference to the Fig. 4 it is now clear in the result that by adjusting the adjusting elements 12 of the adjusting devices 11, by means of which the ropes 7 ', 7 ", 8', 8" of the rope pairs 7 and 8 are each rigidly coupled to one another in the operating state, the load suspension device 9 or the container 3 is moved along the longitudinal displacement directions 30, ie parallel to the longitudinal axis 61. The same applies by adjusting the adjusting elements 12 of the adjusting devices 11, by means of which the ropes 5 ', 5 ", 6', 6" of the rope pairs 5 and 6 are each rigidly coupled to one another in the operating state, with a displacement of the load suspension device 9 or of the container 3 in the transverse displacement directions 31, ie parallel to the transverse axis 62.

With a corresponding simultaneous activation of all adjusting devices 11, a rotation of the container 3 or the load-bearing device 9 in mutually opposite directions of rotation 46 about the vertical axis 60 of the container 3 or the load-bearing direction 9 can also be realized.

With the transport device 1, it is thus possible overall to load the lifting device 9 or the container 3 in three mutually independent translation directions, i.e. to shift the longitudinal displacement directions 30 aligned parallel to the longitudinal axis 61, the transverse displacement directions 31 aligned parallel to the transverse axis 62 and the vertical displacement directions 32 aligned parallel to the vertical axis 60 and additionally a rotation of the load suspension device 9 of the container 3 in the directions of rotation 47 about the transverse axis 62 of the container 3 or to implement the load suspension device 9 and in the directions of rotation 46 about the vertical axis 60 of the container 3 or the load suspension device 9.

If a rotation of the container 3 or the load suspension device 9 about the longitudinal axis 61 of the container 3 or the load suspension device 9 is also desired, this could be achieved by providing four independently operable cable drums. Transferred to the first embodiment of the transport device could e.g. the ropes 6 "and 7 ', as well as the ropes 6' and 8 ', and the ropes 5" and 8 ", and the ropes 5' and 7", can each be wound on a separate, individually drivable rope drum.

The movement of the adjusting element 12 of the adjusting devices 11 can be realized in further different ways. Possible modifications of the first and second embodiment of the adjusting devices 11 of the first exemplary embodiment are discussed below. For this, the 7 and 8 or 9 and 10 and the rope pairs 5 and 7 shown therein are used as the starting point for the explanations. The structural design of the trolley 4 and the load suspension device 9 of the transport device 1 essentially corresponds to the transport device 1 of the first exemplary embodiment in all the modification forms to be explained. In the explanations for the following modification forms of the adjustment devices 11, the main differences are compared to those in FIGS 7 and 8 illustrated first embodiment of the adjusting device 11 or in the 9 and 10 shown second embodiment of the adjusting device of the first embodiment of the transport device. Apart from the differences listed below, the explanations for the first exemplary embodiment of the transport device 1 and those in FIGS 7 and 8 and 9 and 10 illustrated embodiments of the adjusting device 11 also in the modification forms of the adjusting devices 11 of the first exemplary embodiment to be explained.

In the in the 11 and 12 exemplary first modification shown on the basis of the in 7 and 8 The adjusting device 11 shown is equally provided that the adjusting element 12 has anchoring points at which the rope end connections 14 of the ropes 5 ', 5 "of the rope pair 5 that are rigidly coupled to one another in the operating state are anchored. Furthermore, the trolley 4 is analogous to that in FIG 7 and 8 Exemplary embodiment shown pulleys 25 for deflecting the cables 5 ', 5 "arranged on the trolley 4.

The actuating element 12 of the first modification of the adjusting device 11 is, however, different from that in FIG 7 and 8 shown actuator 12 pivotally mounted on the trolley 4. The adjusting element 12 is thus designed like a lever and can be pivoted about a bearing 40 of the trolley 4, which forms a pivot axis of the adjusting element 12. In Fig. 11 the pivot directions 29 of the pivotably mounted actuating element 12 are drawn in to illustrate the possibilities of movement of the actuating element 12. A pivoting of the actuating element 12 leads to an action or synchronous displacement of the rope end connections 14 of the ropes 5 ', 5 "of the rope pair 5, cf. Fig. 12 Shown adjustment position, in which the control element 12 is shown pivoted, for example, clockwise around the bearing 40. The auxiliary line 34 in turn illustrates the change in the course of the ropes 5 ', 5 "compared to the starting position. In this modification too, the rope forces of the ropes 5', 5" rigidly coupled to one another in the operating state rise at least partially, preferably completely, in the starting position on.

In the 13 and 14 An exemplary second modification of the adjustment device 11 is shown, which is based on its arrangement on the trolley 4 on the second embodiment of the adjustment device 11 of the first embodiment.

In the in the 13 and 14 The shown second modification of the adjusting device 11 provides that the adjusting element 12 of the adjusting device 11 can be displaced relative to the trolley 4. In this modification too, the actuating element 12 has anchoring points at which the cable end connections 14 of the cables 7 ', 7 "rigidly coupled to one another in the operating state are anchored.

The adjusting element 12 of the adjusting device 11 of the second modification form can be displaced relative to the trolley along the sliding directions 28, cf. Fig. 13 , In the exemplary embodiment, the actuating element 12 is supported on two bearings 40 of the trolley 4, not shown separately in the figures. In this modification, too, as in the previous ones, it is provided that the respective cable 7 ′, 7 ″ is deflected on the deflection roller 13 of the load suspension device Fig. 14 the adjustment position is again shown, in which the actuating element 12 starting from the in Fig. 13 shown starting position is shown shifted to the left. This in turn establishes a new state of equilibrium of the transport device 1, the container 3 also being shown shifted to the left. The change in the course of the ropes 7 ', 7 "is again by means of the in Fig. 14 drawn auxiliary line 34 illustrates, which in turn indicates the vertical course of the rope section of the rope 7 "extending between the deflection roller 13 and the rope drum 10 'in the starting position.

In the 15 and 16 17 and 18 shown third or fourth modification of the adjusting device 11 is provided in each case that a respective rope end connector 41 of the ropes 5 ', 5 "is anchored to a rope fixing point 42 arranged on the trolley 4 of the trolley 4. That means that each of the cable drum 10 remote end of the cables 5 ', 5 "acts directly on the trolley 4, not shown separately.

In the 15 and 16 respectively. 17 and 18 The third and fourth modification of the adjusting device 11 shown are each further provided that deflecting rollers 17 which are rotatably mounted on the actuating element 12 of the adjusting devices 11 are arranged to act on the rope deflection points 15 of the ropes 5 ′, 5 ″ rigidly coupled to one another in the operating state.

At the in 15 and 16 The exemplary third modification of the adjusting device 11 shown is such that the deflection rollers 17 deflect the rope sections of the ropes 5 ′, 5 ″, which each extend from the deflection roller 13 to the rope fixing point 42 on the trolley 4, cf. 15 and 16 , The adjusting element 12 is in turn analogous to that in FIG 7 and 8 illustrated embodiment displaceable relative to the trolley 4. Due to the deflection of the cables 5 ', 5 "on the deflection rollers 17 around a respective cable deflection point 15 of the cables 5', 5", the cables 5 ', 5 "are rigidly coupled to one another in the operating state via the actuating element 12. To act on the respective cable deflection point 15 of the two ropes 5 ', 5 "rigidly coupled to one another in the operating state, the adjusting element 12 can be displaced in the displacement directions 28 by means of a drive, not shown, relative to the trolley 4. The adjusting element 12 acts to adjust the load suspension device 9 on the cable section of the cables 5 ', 5 "of the cable pair 5, which extends from the deflection pulleys 13 to the cable end connections 41 of the cables 5', 5". The change in the course of the ropes 5 ', 5 "of the rope pair 5 again takes place synchronously, ie a change in the course of the rope 5' due to the action of the adjusting element 12 by means of the deflection roller 17 arranged thereon leads to a simultaneous change in the course of the rope 5" ,

In Fig. 16 an example of an adjustment position of the third modification is again shown, in which the actuating element 12 is shown shifted to the left from the starting position. The container 3 is also shown shifted to the left in relation to the starting position. The dashed line in the area of the container 3 in turn illustrates the in Fig. 15 shown starting position for comparison. The change in the course of the ropes 5 ', 5 "is again using the in Fig. 16 drawn auxiliary line 34 illustrates, which in turn illustrates the vertical course of the rope section of the rope 5 "extending between the deflection roller 13 and the rope drum 10 'in the starting position.

In contrast to the third modification, in the exemplary fourth modification the adjustment device 11 according to FIG 17 and 18 It is provided that the actuating element 12 acts on the rope section of the ropes 5 ', 5 "of the rope pair 5, which extends from the rope drum 10 to the deflecting rollers 13. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the adjusting element 12 has four deflecting rollers 17 rotatably mounted on the adjusting element 12 , which allow the actuating element 12 to act on the cables 5 ′, 5 ″ in the two displacement directions 28. In Fig. 18 an example of an adjustment position is again shown, in which the actuating element 12 is shown shifted to the left and two of the deflection rollers 17 act on the cables 5 ', 5 ". As in the previously described modification forms of the adjustment device, it is also provided here that in the operating state there is no relative movement between the deflection rollers 17 acting on the rope deflection points, ie the distance between the deflection rollers 17 is fixed in the operating state, and only a relatively small actuating force is required to adjust the load suspension device 9.

The possible modification forms of the adjusting devices 11 of the first exemplary embodiment of the transport device 1 explained above are only a selection of numerous other possible modification forms. The modification forms shown could be used instead of the embodiments of the adjustment devices 11 shown in the first exemplary embodiment. In addition, it is stated that the transport device according to the invention in one possible embodiment could have identical adjusting devices. It would also be possible to combine the embodiments or modification forms of the adjusting devices, explained in more detail by way of example, on a transport device in any manner.

In the 19 to 21 A fifth exemplary modification of an adjusting device 11 is shown. The fifth modification has numerous similarities to that in the 9 and 10 Second embodiment of the adjusting device 11 according to the first exemplary embodiment of the transport device 1 shown in detail. The fifth modification of the adjusting device 11 could, for example, be used instead of the adjusting devices 11 arranged on the trolley 4 in the first exemplary embodiment.

In the 19 to 21 is only the pair of cables 7 of the transport device, in analogy to the 9 and 10 , shown. It is the adjusting device 11 according to the 19 to 21 a modification of the adjusting device 11 of the first exemplary embodiment of the transport device 1, which has an adjusting drum 16. The explanations for this fifth variant mainly refer to the differences from the second embodiment of the adjusting device 11 of the first exemplary embodiment. Apart from the differences listed below, the explanations for the first exemplary embodiment, and in particular the explanations for the second embodiment of the adjusting device 11 of the first exemplary embodiment of the transport device 1, also apply to the fifth modification of the adjusting device 11. It is pointed out that in FIGS 19 to 21 for the sake of clarity, the cable drums 10, 10 'are only shown in the form of disks, so as not to overload the illustration. The cable drums 10, 10 'can be analogous to those in the 3 to 6 rope drums 10, 10 'shown.

In the fifth modification of the adjusting device 11, it is provided that the adjusting element 12 of the adjusting device 11 has an overload safety device 18 to avoid force peaks of the rope forces in the ropes 7 ′, 7 ″ in an overload state of the transport device 1. That is, the rigid coupling is in the overload state the ropes 7 ', 7 "can be at least temporarily canceled or canceled.

For this purpose, the adjustment drum 16 in the fifth modification has two adjustment drum halves 16 ′, 16 ″ that can be rotated relative to one another, each of which has one the cables 7 ', 7 "rigidly coupled to one another in the operating state are wound up. The cable end connections of the respective cables 7', 7" are shown in FIGS 19 to 21 not shown separately, but can be designed in an analogous manner to that of the second embodiment of the adjusting device 11 of the first embodiment.

In the fifth modification, the overload protection device 18 has a brake 39 which rigidly couples the adjusting drum halves 16 ', 16 "to one another in the operating state. In the exemplary fifth modification, each of the adjusting drum halves 16', 16" is non-rotatable with the respective adjusting drum half 16 , 16 'connected or integrally formed bevel gear 38', 38 ". On the brake 39, a bevel pinion 37 is non-rotatably connected to a braked component of the brake 39, which is in permanent engagement with the bevel gears 38 ', 38". In Fig. 19 the possible directions of rotation 16 of the bevel pinion 37 are shown. The braking force with which the braked component of the brake 39, which is not specified in more detail, is braked, can advantageously be set. If the predetermined braking force, which can also be referred to as the limit force, is exceeded, the adjusting drum halves 16 ′, 16 ″ can be rotated relative to one another.

Before the overload state is discussed, the fine positioning of the load suspension device 9 is explained by means of the fifth modification. In Fig. 19 the starting position of the adjusting device 11 is shown. The entire adjusting device 11 can be pivoted about the pivoting directions 29 relative to the trolley 4, not shown, about the drum axis of the adjusting drum 16, which is not shown in detail. The drive for pivoting the entire adjusting device 11 is in the 19 to 21 not shown, but could be designed analogously to the second embodiment of the adjusting device 11.

In Fig. 20 the adjustment position is shown in which a rotation axis 35 of the bevel pinion 37 or the brake 39 is pivoted about the drum axis. In Fig. 20 an auxiliary line 55 is entered for this purpose, which shows the position of the axis of rotation 35 in the starting position of the brake or the bevel pinion 37 clarified. The cables 7 ', 7 "are rigidly mechanically coupled in the operating state, since the relative rotation of the adjusting drum halves 16', 16" is blocked by the bevel pinion 37 which engages in the bevel gears 38 ', 38 ". The bevel pinion 37 thus prevents a relative rotation of the two adjusting drum halves 16 ', 16 ", which are pivoted for adjusting the container 3 in the same direction and at the same time as in FIG Fig. 20 is represented by the arrows. The rope 7 'is in the Fig. 20 illustrated adjustment position compared to the starting position of the adjustment device 11 partially unwound and the rope 7 "coiled more according to the amount of rotation of the adjustment drum 16.

In Fig. 20 an auxiliary line 34 is again drawn in, which indicates the vertical course of the cable section of the cable 7 "between the cable drum 10 'and the deflection roller 13 in the initial state.

In Fig. 21 the state of the transport device 1 is shown in which an overload has been applied to the load suspension device 9 or the container 3. This overload condition can occur, for example, as a result of the container 3 tilting in the guides of a ship when the waves are swell.

In the Fig. 21 the position of the container 3 in the starting position of the adjusting device 11 is corresponding Fig. 19 indicated by dashed lines. If an overload occurs, the braking force set on the brake 39 is exceeded, thereby allowing the two adjusting drum halves 16, 16 'to rotate relative to one another. The rigid coupling of the ropes 7 ', 7 "is thus released in the overload state, the extent of the relative rotation of the adjusting drums 16 relative to the trolley 4 being coupled via the bevel pinion 37 and thus both ropes 7', 7" to the same extent from the adjusting drum 16 are processed. In Fig. 21 the direction of rotation of the bevel pinion 37 and the directions of rotation of the adjusting drum halves 16 ', 16 "are indicated by arrows for clarification. The relative rotation of the adjusting drum halves 16', 16" coupled via the bevel pinion 37 in the overload state results in a identical measure of the extension of the two ropes 7 ', 7 ", as also in Fig. 21 is shown. The overload protection can make the cable tower flexible. Damage to structural components of the crane when force peaks occur in the ropes can thereby be avoided, as has already been explained at the beginning.

After the overload condition has occurred, ie after the relative rotation of the adjusting drum halves 16 ', 16 ", the adjusting drum halves 16', 16" can be reset by means of a return drive which is arranged, for example, on the brake 39. On the separate representation of the return drive was in the Figures 19-21 waived.

In the 22 to 25 An exemplary sixth modification of an adjusting device 11 with an alternative overload protection device 18 is shown. The structure of the transport device 1, in particular the trolley 4 and the load suspension device 9 corresponds to that of the first embodiment.

The sixth modification form of the adjusting device 11 has numerous similarities to the first embodiment of the adjusting device 11 of the first exemplary embodiment of the transport device 1, which is why the explanations for the particular embodiments are shown in detail 7 and 8 referred to the first embodiment. These explanations essentially also apply to that in the 22 to 25 illustrated embodiment in a corresponding manner.

In the in the 22 to 25 Sixth modification shown, the control element 12 has an overload safety device 18, which comprises a hydraulic arrangement with a hydraulic cylinder 19 and two pistons 20 ', 20 "which are displaceably mounted in the hydraulic cylinder 19. The hydraulic cylinder 19 is connected to that shown in FIGS 22 to 25 Trolley 4, not shown, arranged stationary. The end connections 14 of the cables 5 ', 5 "are anchored to one of the pistons 20', 20", cf. Fig. 22 , In the context of this document, the piston 20 ', 20 "comprises the cylindrical piston plate and the piston rod adjoining the piston plate.

In the operating state of the transport device 1, the two cables 5 ', 5 "are rigidly coupled to one another via the hydraulics, ie the pistons 20', 20" are not displaceable relative to one another in the operating state. One could speak of the setting element 12 rigidly hydraulically coupling the two cables 5 ', 5 "to one another in the operating state. The two pistons 20', 20" are moved synchronously for fine positioning by means of the hydraulic arrangement. In other words, the pistons 20 ′, 20 ″ always move in synchronism in the operating state Fig. 23 The adjustment position of the operating state of the transport device 1 shown corresponds to the distance between the two cable end connections 14 of the cables 5 ', 5''and thus the distance between the two cable end connections 14 of the cables 5', 5 'in FIG Fig. 22 illustrated, starting position.

In Fig. 25 is an example for realizing the rigid hydraulic coupling of the cables 5 ', 5 ". The internal volume of the hydraulic cylinder 19 is divided by the pistons 20', 20" into three partial volumes, namely a first annular space 52 'of the piston rod of the piston 20 'is bounded on the inside and a second annular space 52 "which is bounded on the inside by the piston rod of the piston 20". The third partial volume with the intermediate space 53 is arranged between the piston plates of the pistons 20 ', 20 ". In the example it is provided that the intermediate space 53 is connected in a fluid-conducting manner to a tank 50 of the hydraulic system by means of a suction line 56.

In the exemplary embodiment, the two annular spaces 52 ′, 52 ″ are connected to one another in a fluid-conducting manner by means of two hydraulic pumps 49, each of the hydraulic pumps 49 each having a conveying direction which is indicated by the arrow head. The check valves which are arranged in the region of the hydraulic pumps 49 are unspecified If the hydraulic pumps 49 are at a standstill, the hydraulic lines connecting the two annular spaces 52 ', 52 "in a fluid-conducting manner are blocked. By activating one of the hydraulic pumps 49, hydraulic fluid can be shifted from one of the annular spaces 52 ', 52 "into the other of the two annular spaces 52', 52". Ie the Movement of the pistons 20 ', 20 "is thereby synchronized, the cables 5', 5" anchored to the pistons 20 ', 20 "being rigidly coupled to one another. The volume of the intermediate space 53 remains when hydraulic fluid is displaced from one of the annular spaces 52 ', 52 "in the other of the annular spaces 52', 52" constant by means of the hydraulic pumps 49 in the operating state.

In addition, the hydraulic system has two adjustable pressure relief valves 48. A limit force can be set by means of the pressure relief valves 48, at which an overflow of the pressure relief valve 48 takes place. The term limit force here refers to the rope force exerted on the respective piston 20 ', 20 "by means of the rope 5', 5". Specifically, the limiting force is set by setting a limiting pressure in the respective pressure relief valve 48 of the hydraulic system. In the example, each of the annular spaces 52 ', 52 "is fluidly connected to the tank 50 via one of the pressure relief valves 48. When a force peak occurs in at least one of the cables 5', 5", the pressure in the respective annular space 52 ', 52 "increases accordingly , wherein the pressure relief valve 48 is opened when the predetermined limit force or the limit pressure set in the respective pressure relief valve 48 is exceeded. When the limit pressure in the respective annular space 52 ', 52 "is exceeded, ie in the event of an excess pressure in the respective annular space 52', 52", this takes place draining hydraulic fluid from the respective annular space 52 ', 52 "into the tank 50. The pistons 20', 20" move relative to one another and the cable end connections 14 of the cables 5 ', 5 "rigidly coupled to one another in the operating state become relative to one another shifted like this by in Fig. 24 indicated arrows, which are each assigned to one of the pistons 20 ', 20 ". The position of the container 3 in the starting position is also to clarify the flexibility of the cables 5', 5" in Fig. 24 shown in dashed lines. The rigid coupling of the ropes 5 ′, 5 ″ is thus eliminated in the overload state. The volume of the intermediate space 53 is correspondingly increased with respect to the operating state by absorbing hydraulic fluid via the suction line 54 from the tank 50 in the overload state.

In the exemplary sixth modification in the event of an overload due to the an overpressure valve 48 assigned to a respective annular space 52 ', 52 "allows the pistons 20', 20" to move independently of one another. However, it would also be conceivable and possible to couple the movement of the pistons 20 ', 20 "via a fluid-conducting, in particular switchable, connection of the annular spaces 52', 52". In this case, only one common pressure relief valve 48 could also be provided, which, when an overpressure occurs, allows hydraulic fluid to be drained from the annular spaces 52 ′, 52 ″. Furthermore, it would also be conceivable to replace the two hydraulic pumps 49 with one hydraulic pump, the direction of delivery the hydraulic pump is changeable or the hydraulic pump is combined with a changeover valve for reversing the conveying direction.

The annular spaces 52 ′, 52 ″ which are at least partially emptied after the overload condition has occurred can be refilled via the connections 51, for example by means of a separate pump or integrated into the hydraulic system.

In a possible alternative embodiment based on the sixth modification, the action on the ropes coupled by means of the pistons for fine positioning instead of by means of the hydraulic arrangement could be realized in that the hydraulic cylinder with the pistons on the trolley is displaceably supported by the hydraulic cylinder as a whole relative to the trolley is moved. The rigid coupling of the ropes in the operating state then takes place mechanically, in particular by means of the rigid hydraulic cylinder and via the rigid hydraulic coupling of the pistons. Legend for the reference numbers: 1 transport means 25 pulley 2 crane 26 gearmotor 3 Container 27 camp 4 trolley 28 shifting directions 5 cable pair 29 pivotal directions 5 ', 5 " rope 30 Longitudinal displacement directions 6 cable pair 31 Transverse displacement directions 6 ', 6 " rope 32 Vertical displacement directions 7 cable pair 34 ledger line 7 ', 7 " rope 35 axis of rotation 8th cable pair 36 directions 8 ', 8 " rope 37 bevel pinion 9 Load bearing device 38 ', 38 " bevel gear 10, 10 ' cable drum 39 brake 11 adjusting 40 storage 12 actuator 41 cable end 13 idler pulley 42 cable fixing point 14 cable end 43 long side 15 Seilablenkpunkt 44 front 16 adjusted drum 45 intersection 16 ', 16 " Adjusted drum half 46 directions 17 deflector roll 47 directions 18 Overload protection 48 Pressure relief valve 19 hydraulic cylinders 49 hydraulic pump 20 ', 20 " piston 50 tank 22 crane carrier 51 connection 23 stayer 52 ' first annulus 24 underground 52 " second annulus 53 gap 54 suction 54 ledger line 60 vertical axis 61 longitudinal axis 62 transverse axis

Claims (11)

Transport device (1) for a crane (2), in particular a gantry crane, for transporting at least one container (3) or another load, the transport device (1) having at least one trolley (4) and at least eight ropes (5 ', 5 " , 6 ', 6 ", 7', 7", 8 ', 8 ") and one using the ropes (5', 5", 6 ', 6 ", 7', 7", 8 ', 8 ") - And lowerable on the trolley (4) hanging load suspension device (9), and the ropes (5 ', 5 ", 6', 6", 7 ', 7 ", 8', 8") on at least one on the trolley (4) rotatably mounted cable drum (10, 10 ') can be wound up, the transport device (1) having adjusting devices (11) for the relative adjustment of the load suspension device (9) relative to the trolley (4), and an adjusting element (12) of the respective adjusting device ( 11), in an operating state of the transport device (1), rigidly couples two of the cables (5 ', 5 ";6',6"; 7 ', 7 ";8',8"), characterized in that the adjusting devices (11) arranged on the trolley (4) et and the control element (12) of the respective adjustment device (11) in the operating state for acting on a respective cable end connection (14) or a respective cable deflection point (15) of the two rigidly coupled to one another in the operating state
Ropes (5 ', 5 ";6',6"; 7 ', 7 ";8',8") can be moved relative to the trolley (4). Transport device (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the adjusting element (12) has at least one of the adjusting devices (11) anchoring points at which the rope end connections (14) of the rigidly coupled to each other in the operating state
Ropes (5 ', 5 ";6',6"; 7 ', 7 ";8',8") are anchored. Transport device (1) according to claim 2, characterized in that the adjusting element (12) on the trolley (4) is pivotally or displaceably mounted. Transport device (1) according to claim 2, characterized in that the adjusting element (12) has an adjusting drum (16) rotatably mounted on the trolley (4), on which the two ropes (7) rigidly coupled to one another by means of the adjusting element (12) in the operating state ', 7 ";8',8") can be wound up. Transport device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the adjusting element (12) at least one of the adjusting devices (11) on the adjusting element (12) rotatably mounted deflection rollers (17) for acting on the rope deflection points (15) in the operating state has rigidly coupled ropes (5 ', 5 "). Transport device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the adjusting element (12) of at least one, preferably all, of the adjusting devices (11) has an overload safety device (18) to avoid force peaks of the cable forces in the cables (5 ', 5 ", 7 ', 7") in an overload state of the transport device (1), the rigid coupling of the cables (5', 5 ", 7 ', 7") being able to be canceled or released at least for a short time in the overload state. Transport device (1) according to claim 6, characterized in that the overload protection (18) comprises a hydraulic arrangement with at least one hydraulic cylinder (19) and two pistons (20 ', 20 ") which are displaceably mounted in the at least one hydraulic cylinder (19) and at least one Pressure relief valve (48) for setting a certain limit force, the rope end connection (14) of the ropes (5 ', 5 ") rigidly coupled to one another in the operating state being anchored to each of the pistons (20', 20"). Transport device (1) according to Claims 6 and 4, characterized in that the adjusting drum (16) has two adjusting drum halves (16 ', 16 ") which can be rotated relative to one another, each of which has one of the cables (7', 7" rigidly coupled to one another in the operating state) ) is wound, the adjusting drum halves (16 ', 16 ") being coupled to one another by means of an adjustable brake (39) of the overload protection device (18), the brake (39) rigidly coupling the adjusting drum halves (16', 16") to one another in the operating state and in the overload state permits a relative rotation of the adjusting drum halves (16 ', 16 "). Transport device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the ropes (5 ', 5 ", 6', 6", 7 ', 7 ", 8', 8") each by at least one on the Load-carrying device (9), deflecting roller (13) are deflected and the end of the respective rope (5 ', 5 ", 6', 6", 7 ', 7 ", 8') facing away from the rope drum (10, 10 '), 8 ") on the trolley (4). Method for operating a transport device (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that , for the relative adjustment of the load suspension device (9) relative to the trolley (4), at least one of the adjusting elements (12) of the adjusting devices (11) to act the respective rope end connection (14) or the respective rope deflection point (15) of the two rigidly coupled to one another in the operating state
Ropes (5 ', 5 ";6',6"; 7 ', 7 ";8',8") is moved relative to the trolley (4). Crane (2), preferably gantry crane, with at least one transport device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 9.

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