EP3555566A1 - Localisation d'un vehicule - Google Patents
Localisation d'un vehiculeInfo
- Publication number
- EP3555566A1 EP3555566A1 EP17821992.9A EP17821992A EP3555566A1 EP 3555566 A1 EP3555566 A1 EP 3555566A1 EP 17821992 A EP17821992 A EP 17821992A EP 3555566 A1 EP3555566 A1 EP 3555566A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- vision
- data
- sensor
- constraints
- location
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C21/00—Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00
- G01C21/20—Instruments for performing navigational calculations
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D1/00—Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots
- G05D1/02—Control of position or course in two dimensions
- G05D1/021—Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles
- G05D1/0231—Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles using optical position detecting means
- G05D1/0246—Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles using optical position detecting means using a video camera in combination with image processing means
- G05D1/0251—Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles using optical position detecting means using a video camera in combination with image processing means extracting 3D information from a plurality of images taken from different locations, e.g. stereo vision
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D1/00—Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots
- G05D1/02—Control of position or course in two dimensions
- G05D1/021—Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles
- G05D1/0268—Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles using internal positioning means
- G05D1/0272—Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles using internal positioning means comprising means for registering the travel distance, e.g. revolutions of wheels
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D1/00—Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots
- G05D1/02—Control of position or course in two dimensions
- G05D1/021—Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles
- G05D1/0268—Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles using internal positioning means
- G05D1/0274—Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles using internal positioning means using mapping information stored in a memory device
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F18/00—Pattern recognition
- G06F18/20—Analysing
- G06F18/22—Matching criteria, e.g. proximity measures
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T7/00—Image analysis
- G06T7/20—Analysis of motion
- G06T7/246—Analysis of motion using feature-based methods, e.g. the tracking of corners or segments
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T7/00—Image analysis
- G06T7/50—Depth or shape recovery
- G06T7/55—Depth or shape recovery from multiple images
- G06T7/579—Depth or shape recovery from multiple images from motion
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T7/00—Image analysis
- G06T7/70—Determining position or orientation of objects or cameras
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T7/00—Image analysis
- G06T7/70—Determining position or orientation of objects or cameras
- G06T7/73—Determining position or orientation of objects or cameras using feature-based methods
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
- G06V20/00—Scenes; Scene-specific elements
- G06V20/50—Context or environment of the image
- G06V20/56—Context or environment of the image exterior to a vehicle by using sensors mounted on the vehicle
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
- G06T2207/30—Subject of image; Context of image processing
- G06T2207/30244—Camera pose
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
- G06T2207/30—Subject of image; Context of image processing
- G06T2207/30248—Vehicle exterior or interior
- G06T2207/30252—Vehicle exterior; Vicinity of vehicle
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the location of a vehicle in real time.
- the applications of the invention are, for example, assistance with driving a vehicle, autonomous driving or even augmented reality.
- the method triangulates points of the environment, called points of interest, to calculate the movement of the camera between two successive images. Using a beam adjustment, she performs a robust calculation that challenges the path traveled locally. This type of approach, calculating relative displacements between images, accumulates over time uncertainties and errors.
- FR 2976 107 uses a model of the scene to introduce constraints within the beam adjustment step.
- the point of view recognition module is very sensitive to occlusions and the robustness of the signature of the visual bitters (variations related to the weather, changes of illumination, seasons ).
- Vehicle location applications use a location from a vision sensor.
- the algorithm is here supplemented by two elements: the addition of a correction module of GPS sensor via a scene model and the integration of constraints at the beam adjustment step from data from the GPS sensor.
- This method firstly comprises a visual location based on a recognition of points of view from a base of georeferenced visual landmarks.
- This module includes a step of detection and matching points of interest followed by an adjustment of beams constrained by the base of visual amers.
- an alternative location includes Bayesian filtering constrained by a lane model and merging GPS and odometric data.
- the reliability of the recognition of points of view is related to the robustness of the signature of the visual bitters identified in relation to the variations of the weather, the luminosity, the occultations of the scene and the differences of position and angles of views.
- the Bayesian filter module merges data from odometric sensors and GPS data. Or an odometric sensor is known to drift over time for extrinsic reasons (sliding of the wheels on the ground) and intrinsic (temporal integration of relative movement).
- the GPS sensor for its part, is known to encounter problems in urban areas (multi-echoes, occultations of a part of the satellite constellation, "canyon" effect). Even with a very precise GPS system, for example of the GPS-RTK type, it is very likely to encounter positioning errors of several meters in urban areas.
- the invention aims to solve the problems of the prior art by providing a method of locating a vehicle comprising at least one vision sensor and at least one of an inertial unit, a satellite navigation module and an odometric sensor, the method comprising a step of:
- vision location from image data provided by the at least one vision sensor, for producing first location data
- constrained beam adjustment taking into account the relative and absolute vision constraints, constraints defined from a scene model and constraints defined from data produced by at least one of the inertial unit and the satellite navigation module ,
- Bayesian filtering using a Kalman filter taking into account the first location data, data from the at least one equipment and scene model data, to produce second location data of the vehicle.
- the location of a vehicle is determined absolutely, accurately, robustly and in real time.
- the location is absolute because it provides a geo-referenced and oriented positioning.
- the location is accurate because it provides the position and orientation of the vehicle with an accuracy of a few centimeters and a few tenths of degrees.
- Bayesian filtering takes into account data from sensors of different types.
- the beam adjustment takes into account data from sensors of different types.
- the step of locating by vision also comprises a step of:
- the Bayesian filtering step of a Kalman filter also takes into account data from:
- the step of determining relative constraints comprises steps of:
- the invention also relates to a device for locating a vehicle comprising at least one vision sensor, at least one equipment from an inertial unit, a satellite navigation module and an odometric sensor, and means for:
- vision location from image data provided by the at least one vision sensor, for producing first location data
- the vision locating means comprises means for: determining relative vision constraints by a simultaneous location and mapping method applied to the image data produced by the at least one vision sensor,
- constrained beam adjustment taking into account the relative and absolute vision constraints, constraints defined from a scene model and constraints defined from data produced by at least one of the inertial unit and the satellite navigation module ,
- the device comprises Bayesian filtering means implementing a Kalman filter taking into account the first location data, data from the at least one equipment and data from a scene model, to produce second vehicle location data.
- the device has advantages similar to those previously presented.
- the steps of the method according to the invention are implemented by computer program instructions.
- the invention also relates to a computer program on an information medium, this program being capable of being implemented in a computer, this program comprising instructions adapted to the implementation of the steps of a process as described above.
- This program can use any programming language, and be in the form of source code, object code, or intermediate code between source code and object code, such as in a partially compiled form, or in any other form desirable shape.
- the invention also relates to a computer readable information medium, and comprising computer program instructions suitable for implementing the steps of a method as described above.
- the information carrier may be any entity or device capable of storing the program.
- the medium may comprise storage means, such as a ROM, for example a CD ROM or a microelectronic circuit ROM, or a magnetic recording means, for example a diskette or a hard disk.
- the information medium may be a transmissible medium such as an electrical or optical signal, which may be conveyed via an electrical or optical cable, by radio or by other means.
- the program according to the invention can be downloaded in particular on an Internet type network.
- the information carrier may be an integrated circuit in which the program is incorporated, the circuit being adapted to execute or to be used in the execution of the method according to the invention.
- FIG. 1 represents an embodiment of a vehicle location device according to the present invention
- FIG. 2 represents an embodiment of a vehicle location method according to the present invention
- FIG. 3 represents an embodiment of a vehicle vision location step, included in the method of FIG. 1, and
- FIG. 4 represents an embodiment of a Bayesian filtering step included in the method of FIG. DETAILED PRESENTATION OF PARTICULAR EMBODIMENTS
- a device for locating a vehicle comprises a set of sensors installed on the vehicle. These sensors are:
- At least one vision sensor 1 which provides image data of the environment of the vehicle
- GNSS Global Navigation Satellite System
- the vision sensor 1 is a perspective monocular camera whose intrinsic parameters are known and fixed.
- the satellite navigation module 2 is optional equipment.
- the vehicle locating device may therefore comprise only two of them, or only one of them.
- the satellite navigation module 2 is for example a GPS (Global Positioning System) module.
- sensors are connected to a data processing module which has the general structure of a computer. It includes a processor 100 executing a computer program implementing the method according to the invention, an input interface 101, a memory 102 and an output interface 103.
- bus 105 These different elements are conventionally connected by a bus 105.
- the input interface 101 is intended to receive the data provided by the sensors fitted to the vehicle.
- the processor 100 executes the treatments exposed in the following. These processes are performed in the form of code instructions of the computer program which are stored by the memory 102 before being executed by the processor 100.
- An MS scene model is stored in the memory 102.
- the MS scene model is a model of the prior knowledge of the environment in which the vehicle will evolve. This may be a taxiway model and / or a 3D model of buildings.
- the output interface 103 provides the absolute real time position and orientation of the vehicle.
- the vehicle locating method comprises two main stages E1 and E2.
- Step E1 is a location by vision of the vehicle.
- the vision location exploits the image data provided by the vision sensor 1 to produce first vehicle location data.
- Step E1 is followed by step E2 which is a Bayesian filtering of a set of data to produce second vehicle location data which are more precisely the position and the real-time orientation of the vehicle.
- the first vehicle location data is part of the data set processed by Bayesian filtering.
- This data set also includes data from the scene model MS and data provided by at least one of the other sensors 2, 3 and 4 fitted to the vehicle.
- Steps E1 and E2 are detailed below.
- FIG. 3 represents an embodiment of the step E1 of locating by vision of the vehicle.
- Step E1 comprises steps E1 to E14.
- Step Eli takes into account image data provided by the vision sensor 1 which equips the vehicle.
- the step Eli is a determination of relative constraints, carried out on the basis of a simultaneous localization and mapping method, called SLAM according to the English “Simultaneous Localization And Mapping", applied to the image data.
- Step Eli results in 2D-3D matches between keyframes. These correspondences constitute relative constraints on the displacement of the camera 1. More precisely, the SLAM method determines the position of the camera 1 and its orientation at different times of a sequence, as well as the position of a set of 3D points observed throughout the sequence.
- Step Eli includes a detection of points of interest in the images provided by the vision sensor 1, and a mapping of the points of interest from one image to another.
- the mapping is performed by a comparison from one image to another of descriptors, or characteristic vectors, of areas of interest corresponding to points of interest.
- the position and the orientation of the camera are determined from already reconstructed 3D points and their 2D coordinates in the current image. It is therefore a question of determining the pose of the camera from 3D / 2D correspondences.
- the measure used is the reprojection error. It consists of measuring the 2D distance between the observation of a 3D point in the image, ie the 2D position of the point of interest, and the projection of the 3D point reconstructed in this same image.
- Time subsampling is then performed and some images are automatically selected as keyframes for 3D point triangulation.
- the keyframes are selected so that they are sufficiently distant from one another to maximize the quality of the triangulation but not too far apart to be able to match them.
- the aim of 3D point triangulation is to find the 3D position of points detected and then matched in at least two images of the video.
- the method operates incrementally and, when a new keyframe is added, new 3D points are reconstructed.
- Step E12 also takes into account image data provided by the vision sensor 1 which equips the vehicle.
- Step E12 exploits a base of bitters geo-referenced visuals and performs point-of-view recognition.
- Step E12 results in 2D-3D matches that constitute absolute constraints.
- Points of interest detected in an image are compared with the bitters of the base of georeferenced landmarks. Their geo-referencing then makes it possible to determine an absolute positioning of the vision sensor having acquired the studied image.
- the steps E1i and E12 are followed by an optimization step E13 by adjusting constrained beams.
- the optimization step E13 is a forced beam adjustment which takes into account the constraints determined in steps E1i and E12, as well as constraints defined from the scene model MS, and constraints defined from data derived from at least one equipment among the inertial unit 4 and the satellite navigation module 2 that equip the vehicle.
- Step E13 results in first vehicle location data.
- Beam adjustment is a non-linear optimization process that consists of refining the positions of the moving vision sensor 1 and 3D points by measuring the re-projection error. This step is very expensive in computing time since the number of variable to be optimized can be very large.
- the beam adjustment is done locally in order to optimize only the last positions of the camera 1, associated as an example with the last three keyframes and the 3D points observed by the camera. from these positions. The complexity of the problem is thus reduced without significant loss of precision compared to a beam adjustment made on all the positions of the vision sensor and all the 3D points.
- the consideration of the scene model MS results in the association of the points of interest previously detected in the step Eli to elements of the scene model MS.
- the beam adjustment is thus made taking into account an overall coherence of the points of interest and elements of the MS scene model. Constraints defined from data from at least one device among the inertial unit 4 and the satellite navigation module 2 are used to test the coherence of the process.
- the inertial unit 4 and the satellite navigation module 2 provide location data that may be biased.
- the step E14 for correcting the sensor bias is performed in parallel with the step E13.
- a satellite navigation module bias results in a continuous temporal error, which can be worth several seconds, of the location provided in one direction.
- the geo-referenced visual amers and the scene model are used to detect and correct this bias. For example, for a vehicle remaining on a taxiway, if the satellite navigation module provides position data corresponding to the interior of the buildings, the error can be estimated and compensated for.
- FIG. 4 represents an embodiment of the Bayesian filtering step E2 of the data set.
- Bayesian filtering is a Kalman filter that is a recursive estimator that typically comprises two phases: prediction and innovation or update.
- Input data includes:
- the input data also includes data from:
- the first vehicle location data provided by step E1 the data of the scene model, and possibly the data from satellite navigation module 2 are used in the innovation phase.
- the data from the odometric sensor 3 and / or the data from the inertial unit 4 are used in the prediction phase of the Bayesian filter. If the data of these sensors are not available, a predictive model is used in the prediction phase of the Bayesian filter.
- the predictive model is for example defined by: constant speed or constant acceleration.
- the prediction phase uses the estimated state of the previous instant to produce an estimate of the current state.
- observations of the current state are used to correct the predicted state in order to obtain a more accurate estimate.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Data Mining & Analysis (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Computational Biology (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Evolutionary Computation (AREA)
- Evolutionary Biology (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Artificial Intelligence (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Navigation (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1662420A FR3060115B1 (fr) | 2016-12-14 | 2016-12-14 | Localisation d'un vehicule |
| PCT/FR2017/053551 WO2018109384A1 (fr) | 2016-12-14 | 2017-12-13 | Localisation d'un vehicule |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3555566A1 true EP3555566A1 (fr) | 2019-10-23 |
Family
ID=58779092
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP17821992.9A Withdrawn EP3555566A1 (fr) | 2016-12-14 | 2017-12-13 | Localisation d'un vehicule |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20190331496A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP3555566A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3060115B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2018109384A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109683618A (zh) * | 2018-12-28 | 2019-04-26 | 广州中国科学院沈阳自动化研究所分所 | 一种航行信号识别系统及其识别方法 |
| CN110967018B (zh) * | 2019-11-25 | 2024-04-12 | 斑马网络技术有限公司 | 停车场定位方法、装置、电子设备及计算机可读介质 |
| CN111596329A (zh) * | 2020-06-10 | 2020-08-28 | 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 | 车辆定位方法、装置、设备及车辆 |
| JP2022042630A (ja) | 2020-09-03 | 2022-03-15 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 自己位置推定方法 |
| CN113405545B (zh) * | 2021-07-20 | 2024-06-28 | 阿里巴巴创新公司 | 定位方法、装置、电子设备及计算机存储介质 |
| US12498481B2 (en) | 2022-05-16 | 2025-12-16 | Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. | Systems and methods for odometry enhanced real-time cooperative relative pose estimation for cooperative LIDAR perception |
| CN114719843B (zh) * | 2022-06-09 | 2022-09-30 | 长沙金维信息技术有限公司 | 复杂环境下的高精度定位方法 |
| CN115143952B (zh) * | 2022-07-12 | 2025-08-08 | 智道网联科技(北京)有限公司 | 基于视觉辅助的自动驾驶车辆定位方法、装置 |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2976107B1 (fr) * | 2011-05-30 | 2014-01-03 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede de localisation d'une camera et de reconstruction 3d dans un environnement partiellement connu |
| US20140139635A1 (en) * | 2012-09-17 | 2014-05-22 | Nec Laboratories America, Inc. | Real-time monocular structure from motion |
| FR2998080A1 (fr) | 2012-11-13 | 2014-05-16 | France Telecom | Procede d'augmentation de la realite |
-
2016
- 2016-12-14 FR FR1662420A patent/FR3060115B1/fr active Active
-
2017
- 2017-12-13 EP EP17821992.9A patent/EP3555566A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2017-12-13 WO PCT/FR2017/053551 patent/WO2018109384A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2017-12-13 US US16/469,013 patent/US20190331496A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3060115A1 (fr) | 2018-06-15 |
| FR3060115B1 (fr) | 2020-10-23 |
| US20190331496A1 (en) | 2019-10-31 |
| WO2018109384A1 (fr) | 2018-06-21 |
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