EP3463674B1 - Cyclone for the separation of particles from a fluid - Google Patents

Cyclone for the separation of particles from a fluid Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3463674B1
EP3463674B1 EP17726940.4A EP17726940A EP3463674B1 EP 3463674 B1 EP3463674 B1 EP 3463674B1 EP 17726940 A EP17726940 A EP 17726940A EP 3463674 B1 EP3463674 B1 EP 3463674B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ramp
feed channel
housing
cyclone
wall
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP17726940.4A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3463674A1 (en
Inventor
Michael Missalla
Robert MADUTA
Isabella Vandermaelen
Linus PERANDER
Torsten Liebmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Outotec Finland Oy
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Outotec Finland Oy
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Publication of EP3463674A1 publication Critical patent/EP3463674A1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
    • B04C5/00—Apparatus in which the axial direction of the vortex is reversed
    • B04C5/02—Construction of inlets by which the vortex flow is generated, e.g. tangential admission, the fluid flow being forced to follow a downward path by spirally wound bulkheads, or with slightly downwardly-directed tangential admission
    • B04C5/04—Tangential inlets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
    • B04C5/00—Apparatus in which the axial direction of the vortex is reversed
    • B04C5/08—Vortex chamber constructions
    • B04C5/103—Bodies or members, e.g. bulkheads, guides, in the vortex chamber

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a cyclone for the separation of solid particles and/or at least one liquid from a fluid.
  • the cyclone comprises a housing, an inlet opening for introducing the fluid together with the solid particles and/or the at least one liquid into the housing, a discharge port for the solid particles and/or the at least one liquid, a housing cap which is arranged opposite to the discharge port, a dip tube (immersion tube) being provided in the housing cap (cover) for discharging fluid from the housing and a feed channel which opens out into the inlet opening in the housing for introducing the fluid together with the solid particles and/or the at least one liquid into the housing.
  • the fluid is a gas stream or, in the case of hydrocyclones, a liquid stream.
  • CFB combustion circular fluid bed combustion
  • ESP electrical precipitator
  • gas cyclones are used for filtering out particulate solids from the hot flue gas or from the product gas mixture.
  • cyclones are also used in steam power plants for separating water from live steam between the steam generator and the turbine or for condensate separation in gas coolers.
  • hydrocyclones solid particles which are contained in suspensions can be separated or classified.
  • emulsions such as for example oil-water mixtures are resolved.
  • the mode of operation of these centrifugal separators is the same.
  • the fluid together with the solids or liquids contained therein is fed from the fluid source via the feed channel into the housing of the cyclone.
  • the main portion of the volume stream of the fluid (about 90 %) is forced as a main stream onto a helical path, so that due to the centrifugal force the particles to be separated are thrown towards the wall of the housing. This results in the fact that the particles are separated from the stream and fall or flow downwards into the direction of the discharge port.
  • the fluid being purified by removal of the particles exits the cyclone, for example, through a vortex finder in the form of a dip tube.
  • a low energy zone is formed in which no efficient separation of the particles takes place. Therefore, the particles are accumulated in this region and, in addition, due to the low pressure in the region of the inner vortex they can be drawn into the direction of the dip tube. Therefore, these particles exit the cyclone through the gas outlet and not, as desired, through the discharge port. Thus, the separation efficiency of the cyclone is considerably compromised.
  • the feed channel is characterized by a relatively high length. While the fluid flows through such a long feed channel, through the influence of gravitation the particles travel into the direction of the lower wall of the feed channel. So the accumulation of particles in the low energy zone near the housing cap is reduced. But due to their size (length) such feed channels have a very high weight, take up much space and are extremely expensive.
  • the design of the feed channel is shorter and smaller for saving space and costs. But, since the residence time of the fluid in the feed channel is considerably shorter, the particles are not allowed to sufficiently move into the direction of the lower wall of the feed channel. Therefore, the particles are also introduced into the housing of the cyclone directly at the housing cap, and so it is possible that they are accumulated in the low energy zone and compromise the separation efficiency.
  • a modification of the feed channel is known from US 6,322,601 B1 .
  • An inclined protrusion is provided at the upper wall of the feed channel and extends along the whole length (5 m) and the whole width of the feed channel.
  • the slope of the protrusion is ⁇ 20 %, wherein its height from the inner wall to the outer wall of the feed channel decreases.
  • Document DE 26 47 486 A1 discloses a hydrocyclones in which the feed channel starts external from the sorting tube and continues in spiral form into the interior of the hydrocyclone.
  • the gas stream introduced through the feed channel is thus guided in the upper annular space tangentially towards the dip tube. This, however, creates the problem that the particles/liquid are guided to the dip tube, accumulate in the boundary layer and may leave the cyclone without separation from the gas stream following the wall of the immersion tube.
  • Document EP 0 284 184 A1 discloses a cyclone for treating pulverous raw material suspended in a hot gas stream, for use in a suspension preheater plant for treating cement raw materials.
  • the cyclone comprises a tubular chamber with a vertical axis, a cone shaped bottom with a central outlet for precipitated material, a central outlet for hot gases at the top of the chamber and a tangential inlet for hot air.
  • the inlet has a chamfered wall causing the suspension stream entering the cyclone through the tangential inlet to be deflected outwards against the inner surface of the chamber wall and downwards into the cyclone chamber.
  • the chamfered wall is provided only within the inlet channel and in particular not at the housing cap of the cyclone.
  • Document JP S 62 30568 A discloses a cyclone for the separation of solid particles from a gas stream according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a guide plate having a triangular shape is suspended from the ceiling of the cyclone along the inner wall of the cylindrical part of the cyclone separator.
  • the guide plate is a rather thin plate occupying between 20 and 40% of the available space between the cyclone wall and the outlet.
  • the intention of this structure is to reduce pressure losses which are created by the collision of the gas streams.
  • the guide plate has a width which at least is as high as the inlet duct.
  • the width of the guide plate is as high as the cylindrical part of the cyclone, i.e. substantially greater than the height of the inlet duct.
  • the above object is solved by a cyclone having the features according to claim 1.
  • the cyclone according to the present invention for the separation of solid particles and/or at least one liquid from a fluid comprises a housing, a discharge port for the solid particles and/or the at least one liquid, a housing cap which is arranged opposite to the discharge port and an inlet opening in the housing. Through the inlet opening in the housing the fluid together with the solid particles and/or the at least one liquid can be introduced into the housing.
  • the cyclone is equipped with a feed channel which opens out into the inlet opening in the housing and which may connect the inlet opening with the source of the fluid, such as for example with a blast furnace, fluidized-bed furnace or the like.
  • the cyclone comprises at least one ramp which is arranged at the housing cap, wherein the slope of the at least one ramp is in a range of 15° to 60°, preferably between 25° and 45°, particularly preferably between 20° and 40° and in particularly about 30°.
  • the at least one ramp has a maximum height which corresponds to 10 to 60 %, preferably 25 to 50 % of the height of the feed channel. In particular, it is smaller than 50 %, preferably smaller than 40 %, particularly preferably smaller than 30 % of the height of the feed channel. So the cross-section through which the fluid flows is not narrowed too much, and it is prevented that in the fluid too high velocities are achieved which would result in a higher pressure loss across the cyclone.
  • the invention has the technical effect that the particles are prevented from flowing directly into the dip tube after entering the cyclone and a thereby created low energy zone in the cap region in which particles tend to accumulate can be avoided.
  • the relative directions 'upper' and 'lower' are defined by the orientation of the cyclone housing. "Upper” is the side of the cyclone at which the housing cap can be found, while “lower” is defined by the position of the discharge port. In the case of a typical orientation of the cyclone, thus, the downward direction (top down) is identical with the direction of gravitation, because so the particles fall into the direction of the discharge port.
  • the shape of the at least one ramp is not restricted, and therefore it may comprise for example steps, rims and/or corrugations.
  • the ramp may be characterized by a continuously rising height, with or without regions of constant height.
  • the slope of the ramp results from the quotient of the maximum height and the length of the ramp. Due to the slope of the ramp according to the present invention the fluid together with the particles is deflected in an efficient manner.
  • the ramp in particular, directs the particles into a zone of the cyclone in which the distance from the ceiling is higher than the half of the height of the inlet opening. In this zone the particles can efficiently be separated from the fluid.
  • one ramp is arranged at the upper wall of the feed channel so that the particles are deflected in downward direction, that is into the direction of a lower wall of the feed channel. Therefore, they reach the housing of the cyclone already with a higher distance from the housing cap and with a velocity vector having a component in downward direction. So, in particular, in the secondary stream the contained particles are depleted so that they in great part do not reach the low energy zone near the housing cap.
  • the ramp ends before reaching the immersion tube. This ensures that the loaded gas stream separates from the wall and is fully exposed to the separation effect of the cyclone.
  • the feed channel is tangentially arranged at the housing and the ramp at the upper wall of the feed channel rests against the inner wall of the feed channel.
  • an inner wall and an outer wall of the feed channel are defined.
  • the inner wall is that side which has a smaller tangential distance to the center of the cyclone housing.
  • the right wall is the inner wall of the feed channel.
  • the left wall of the feed channel is the inner wall.
  • the wall which is arranged opposite each is the outer wall of the feed channel.
  • the length of the at least one ramp at the upper wall of the feed channel is shorter than the length of the feed channel, preferably between 5 and 80 % of the length of the feed channel, particularly preferably between 20 and 50 % of the length of the feed channel, and in particular the ramp extends along about 20 %, 30 %, 40 % or 50 % of the length of the feed channel.
  • the uniform cross-section of the feed channel before the start of the ramp results in synchronizing of the fluid flow in the feed channel and reducing of turbulences so that the flow guidance can be controlled by the ramp and can be achieved with better efficiency and less particles reach the low energy zone.
  • material and weight can be saved which results in lower costs and in a simpler ability to retrofit already existing plants.
  • the ramp at the upper wall of the feed channel extends up to the inlet opening of the housing. According to that the ramp starts in the feed channel and ends for example at the position of the inlet opening. Accordingly, the ramp is not positioned in the center, but at the end of the feed channel. So the particles are deflected downwards directly before the inlet opening of the housing, which results in a particularly effective prevention of an accumulation of particles in the low energy zone.
  • the at least one ramp may have a design of a wedge.
  • the arrangement of the ramp is chosen such that the ramp in the direction of the inlet opening of the housing becomes higher.
  • a ramp having the shape of a wedge has a particularly simple design and, therefore, can be produced very cost-effective.
  • the at least one ramp may have a concave design, wherein the slope of the ramp in the direction of the inlet opening of the housing increases.
  • the radius of curvature of the ramp can be varied. With this additional parameter the flow of the fluid can be optimized in a particularly effective manner.
  • the at least one ramp at the upper wall of the feed channel does not extend along the whole, but preferably only along 20 to 60 %, particularly preferably 25 to 50 % of the width of the feed channel.
  • it has a width which is smaller than 50 %, preferably smaller than 40 %, particularly preferably smaller than 30 % of the width of the feed channel.
  • a ramp with this width can already be sufficient for diverting the fluid such that no particles can be accumulated in the low energy zone.
  • the cross-section of the feed channel through which the fluid flows is not narrowed too much.
  • the ramp may be allowed to extend across the whole width of the feed channel.
  • Such a ramp arrangement can be manufactured in a particularly simple manner.
  • the ramp at the housing cap may rest against an outer wall of the housing.
  • the deflection of the circulating fluid in the region near the outer wall of the housing results particularly effectively in the fact that the particles are removed from the low energy zone.
  • the ramp at the housing cap may have a curved design.
  • the curvature of the ramp may be adjusted to the curvature of the outer wall of the housing.
  • the ramp at the housing cap may have a width which corresponds to 20 to 80 %, preferably 40 to 60 % of the distance between the outer wall of the housing and the dip tube. In particular, it is smaller than 60 %, preferably smaller than 50 %, particularly preferably smaller than 40 % of the distance between the outer wall and the dip tube.
  • a ramp having this width is sufficient for removing the particles from the low energy zone without reducing the cross-section through which the fluid flows too strong which would negatively affect the circulation movement.
  • a ramp is arranged each, wherein it is possible that these ramps are connected via a, preferably cuboidal, connecting element.
  • the ramp adjoining the inner wall of the feed channel effects the particles traveling at the inner path while the ramp at the housing cap adjoining the outer wall of the housing effects the particles traveling at the outer path.
  • the complete boundary layer is separated from the housing cap so that no undesired particle extraction from the cyclone is effected via the boundary layer and the dip tube.
  • the feed channel and the housing cap are characterized by a geometric, in particularly vertical displacement, so that also the respective ramps may be characterized by a geometric, in particularly vertical displacement.
  • the design according to the present invention provides for improving the separation efficiency of the cyclone by 10 to 20%.
  • the basic construction of a cyclone 1 as is used for the separation of solids or liquids from a fluid stream is schematically shown in Fig. 1a .
  • the cyclone 1 according to the present invention of Fig. 1a comprises a cylindrical upper housing part 2 and a conical lower housing part 3.
  • the cylindrical housing part 2 and the conical housing part 3 together form the housing 2, 3 of the cyclone 1, i.e. the cyclone housing 2, 3.
  • the upper end of the cyclone housing 2, 3 is closed with a housing cap 5.
  • a dip tube or vortex finder 12 is inserted in a central opening of the housing cap 5 so that the dip tube 12 extends partially outside and partially inside the cyclone housing 2, 3.
  • a feed channel 7 is connected with its first end with an inlet opening 6 in the cylindrical housing part 2 of the cyclone 1. With the second end the feed channel 7 may, for example, be connected with the discharge opening of a blast furnace/a fluidized bed.
  • the inlet opening 6 and the feed channel 7 which is directly placed thereon are arranged at the upper end of the cylindrical housing part 2.
  • the upper wall 9 of the feed channel 7 and the housing cap 5 are arranged in a coplanar manner.
  • the cyclone 1 is arranged such that the conical housing part 3 is oriented downwards into the direction of the gravitational field. At its lowest point the discharge port 4 is provided through which the particles and/or the liquid which has been extracted from the fluid stream can be discharged.
  • the fluid stream together with the particles is fed through the feed channel 7 and the inlet opening 6 into the housing part 2. This, typically, is effected in a tangential manner (cf. Fig. 1b ) so that a circular movement of the fluid stream is induced.
  • the fluid stream moves on a helical path from the inlet opening 6 into the direction of the conical region 3. Due to the centrifugal force the particles are transported to the outer wall of the cyclone 1 and there, by the effect of gravitation, they move into the direction of the discharge port 4.
  • the purified gas or, in the case of a hydrocyclone the purified liquid exits the cyclone 1 upwards through the dip tube 12.
  • first ramp 10a and in the interior of the cyclone housing 2, 3 a second ramp 11a through which the fluid stream is diverted are provided.
  • the first ramp 10 is arranged at the upper wall 9 of the feed channel 7 and has the shape of a wedge.
  • the second ramp 11a is arranged at the housing cap 5 and has the same height as the first ramp 10a.
  • the ramps 10a, 11a are connected via a, for example cuboidal, connecting element 14, wherein between them, in particular, no gap or platform/shoulder is provided.
  • the first ramp 10a in the interior of the feed channel 7 extends along about one third of the length of the feed channel 7 and rests against the inner wall 8 of the feed channel 7.
  • the height of the ramp 10a is about 45 % of the height of the feed channel 7 (based on the free inner cross-section of the feed channel 7).
  • the width of the ramp 10a is about 50 % of the width of the feed channel 7 (cf. Fig. 1b ).
  • the first ramp 10a begins starting from the second end of the feed channel 7 in the second half of the feed channel 7 and extends up to the first end of the feed channel 7 at the inlet opening 6 of the cyclone housing 2, 3.
  • the second ramp 11a is arranged such that it rests against the outer wall 13 of the cylindrical housing part 2 of the cyclone 1.
  • the ramp 11a has a curved design so that it is adjusted to the round shape of the outer wall 13 of the cylindrical housing part 2 of the cyclone 1.
  • Fig. 1c shows that both, the second ramp 11a and also the first ramp 10a, have the shape of a wedge with an angle of slope of about 30° each, wherein the height of the ramp 11a increases into the direction of the inlet opening 6.
  • a gas stream for example from a blast furnace, together with solid particles contained therein is fed into the feed channel 7.
  • the gas stream flows along the feed channel 7 into the direction of the cyclone housing 2, 3 (in the view of Fig. 1a from the left side to the right side), and in the upper region of the feed channel 7 it is deflected downwards at the first ramp 10a so that it enters the cylindrical housing part 2 in a distance to the housing cap 5 which at least corresponds to the height of the first ramp 10a.
  • a part of the gas and some particles are provided with a velocity component in downward direction which supports the transport of the particles into the direction of the discharge port and prevents that the particles enter the low energy zone 15 in the upper region of the cyclone 1 near the housing cap 5.
  • a circular movement is initiated which through the centrifugal forces results in the separation of the particles from the gas stream.
  • Particles which nevertheless have entered the low energy zone 15 near the housing cap 5 circulate around the dip tube 12. Due to the second ramp 11a at the housing cap 5 these particles are deflected downwards and so they enter a region in which the particles can efficiently be separated from the gas stream.
  • the gas stream moves downwards, in large part on a helical path, into the conical housing part 3, wherein during the transport the particles are separated from the gas stream. Then, the purified gas stream exits the cyclone 1 through the dip tube 12.
  • FIG. 2a to 2c show a second embodiment of the invention in views which are equivalent to the figures 1a to 1c .
  • the same reference signs (optionally with indices a-f for the first to sixth embodiments) are used and reference is made to their preceding description.
  • the embodiment of the Fig. 2a to 2c is characterized by an alternative arrangement of the ramp.
  • the first ramp 10b in the feed channel 7 already reaches its maximum height before the inlet opening 6 of the cyclone housing 2, 3.
  • the ramp 10b extends in a, preferably cuboidal, section 16 with constant height up to the inlet opening 6.
  • the length of the first ramp 10b is about 60 % of the length of the feed channel 7.
  • the second ramp 11b does not differ from the second ramp 11a of the first embodiment of the Fig. 1a to 1c .
  • the ramp 10c extends along the whole width of the feed channel 7 (cf. Fig. 3b ).
  • the characteristic profile of the height of the ramp 10c is identical with that of ramp 10b according to the embodiment of the Fig. 2a to 2c .
  • the ramp 10d is characterized by a particularly small design so that its width corresponds only to one third of the width of the feed channel 7. Apart from that, the ramp 10d has a similar design as the ramp 10b according to the second embodiment.
  • the ramp 10e and also the ramp 11e have a design of a concave ramp.
  • the concave ramps 10e, 11e do not have a constant slope, but a slope which increases into the direction of the inlet opening 6 in the housing 2, 3 each.
  • the lengths and the widths of the ramps 10, 11 correspond to those of the embodiment of the Fig. 1a to 1c .
  • the cyclone 1 is characterized by a geometric displacement between feed channel 7 and housing cap 5. Accordingly, also the ramps 10g, 11g may be characterized by a geometric displacement to each other, which is a vertical displacement here.
  • first and second ramps 10a-g, 11a-g according to the first to sixth embodiments can arbitrarily be combined with each other.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Cyclones (AREA)
EP17726940.4A 2016-06-01 2017-05-31 Cyclone for the separation of particles from a fluid Active EP3463674B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE202016102924.4U DE202016102924U1 (de) 2016-06-01 2016-06-01 Zyklon zur Separation von Partikeln aus einem Fluid
PCT/EP2017/063113 WO2017207606A1 (en) 2016-06-01 2017-05-31 Cyclone for the separation of particles from a fluid

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3463674A1 EP3463674A1 (en) 2019-04-10
EP3463674B1 true EP3463674B1 (en) 2020-03-04

Family

ID=58873826

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP17726940.4A Active EP3463674B1 (en) 2016-06-01 2017-05-31 Cyclone for the separation of particles from a fluid

Country Status (8)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3463674B1 (pt)
CN (1) CN109311035B (pt)
AU (1) AU2017272681B2 (pt)
BR (1) BR112018074331B1 (pt)
CA (1) CA3025587C (pt)
DE (1) DE202016102924U1 (pt)
UA (1) UA122721C2 (pt)
WO (1) WO2017207606A1 (pt)

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2411186A (en) * 1941-11-27 1946-11-19 Hydrojet Corp Process for releasing gases from liquids
FI56037C (fi) * 1975-10-30 1979-11-12 Enso Gutzeit Oy Hydrocyklon
SE406713B (sv) * 1977-07-18 1979-02-26 Celleco Ab Hydrocykloseparator med ledskena i separeringskammarens cirkulercylindriska del
JPS6230568A (ja) * 1985-04-08 1987-02-09 Chichibu Cement Co Ltd サイクロン分離器
GB2202468A (en) * 1987-03-25 1988-09-28 Smidth & Co As F L Cyclone
FR2788453B1 (fr) 1999-01-18 2001-02-23 Alstom Gaine d'entree de fumees dans un separateur cyclone
KR100444552B1 (ko) * 2001-09-13 2004-08-16 삼성광주전자 주식회사 진공청소기의 사이클론 집진장치
CL2003001757A1 (es) * 2003-08-29 2005-01-21 Vulco Sa Cabezal de entrada para hidrociclon, en el cual la altura del buscador de vortice, es una fraccion de la altura de la entrada de alimentacion, la cual es rectangular, donde dicha entrada tiene un primer sector que forma una voluta horizontal, y un se

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2017272681B2 (en) 2020-04-30
CA3025587C (en) 2024-03-26
BR112018074331A2 (pt) 2019-03-06
CA3025587A1 (en) 2017-12-07
BR112018074331B1 (pt) 2022-11-01
CN109311035B (zh) 2021-05-28
UA122721C2 (uk) 2020-12-28
WO2017207606A1 (en) 2017-12-07
CN109311035A (zh) 2019-02-05
DE202016102924U1 (de) 2017-09-04
AU2017272681A1 (en) 2019-01-17
EP3463674A1 (en) 2019-04-10

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