EP3436271A1 - Druckmaschine mit einer infrarot-trocknereinheit - Google Patents
Druckmaschine mit einer infrarot-trocknereinheitInfo
- Publication number
- EP3436271A1 EP3436271A1 EP18706251.8A EP18706251A EP3436271A1 EP 3436271 A1 EP3436271 A1 EP 3436271A1 EP 18706251 A EP18706251 A EP 18706251A EP 3436271 A1 EP3436271 A1 EP 3436271A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- printing
- heating element
- heating
- machine according
- printing machine
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 119
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 104
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 abstract description 31
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000976 ink Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical group [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000295 emission spectrum Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000007641 inkjet printing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000953 kanthal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- YXTPWUNVHCYOSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis($l^{2}-silanylidene)molybdenum Chemical compound [Si]=[Mo]=[Si] YXTPWUNVHCYOSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910021343 molybdenum disilicide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005033 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007645 offset printing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 2
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036528 appetite Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019789 appetite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012777 electrically insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005281 excited state Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007646 gravure printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007603 infrared drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 platinum group metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000411 transmission spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
- B41F23/00—Devices for treating the surfaces of sheets, webs, or other articles in connection with printing
- B41F23/04—Devices for treating the surfaces of sheets, webs, or other articles in connection with printing by heat drying, by cooling, by applying powders
- B41F23/0403—Drying webs
- B41F23/0406—Drying webs by radiation
- B41F23/0413—Infrared dryers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
- B41F23/00—Devices for treating the surfaces of sheets, webs, or other articles in connection with printing
- B41F23/04—Devices for treating the surfaces of sheets, webs, or other articles in connection with printing by heat drying, by cooling, by applying powders
- B41F23/044—Drying sheets, e.g. between two printing stations
- B41F23/045—Drying sheets, e.g. between two printing stations by radiation
- B41F23/0456—Drying sheets, e.g. between two printing stations by radiation by infrared dryers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
- B41J11/00—Devices or arrangements of selective printing mechanisms, e.g. ink-jet printers or thermal printers, for supporting or handling copy material in sheet or web form
- B41J11/0015—Devices or arrangements of selective printing mechanisms, e.g. ink-jet printers or thermal printers, for supporting or handling copy material in sheet or web form for treating before, during or after printing or for uniform coating or laminating the copy material before or after printing
- B41J11/002—Curing or drying the ink on the copy materials, e.g. by heating or irradiating
- B41J11/0021—Curing or drying the ink on the copy materials, e.g. by heating or irradiating using irradiation
- B41J11/00216—Curing or drying the ink on the copy materials, e.g. by heating or irradiating using irradiation using infrared [IR] radiation or microwaves
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
- H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
- H05B3/26—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base
- H05B3/265—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base the insulating base being an inorganic material, e.g. ceramic
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/013—Heaters using resistive films or coatings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/032—Heaters specially adapted for heating by radiation heating
Definitions
- the invention relates to a printing machine with a printing unit for applying solvent-based ink on a substrate, a transport device for transporting the printing material from the printing unit to a dryer unit comprising at least one infrared radiator for drying the printing material.
- offset printing presses lithographic printing presses, rotary printing presses or flexographic printing presses are used for printing sheet-like or web-shaped printing substrates of paper, cardboard, film or board with printing inks.
- Typical ingredients of printing inks are oils, resins and binders.
- UV-curable printing inks curing and adhesion on the printing substrate are based on polymerization, which is triggered by photoinitiation by means of UV light.
- solvent-based and, above all, water-containing printing inks and varnishes drying is required which can be based on both physical and chemical drying processes.
- Physical drying processes include the evaporation of solvents and their diffusion into the substrate, which is also referred to as “knocking off.”
- Chemical drying is understood to mean the oxidation or polymerization of printing ink constituents, and there are transitions between physical and chemical drying Dissolution of the solvents cause an approach of monomeric resin molecules, so that they polymerize, if appropriate, more easily Drying devices for drying the printed substrate thus serve to remove solvents and / or to trigger crosslinking reactions.
- DE 10 2005 046 230 A1 describes a rotary printing machine with a printing unit for printing a printed sheet with printing ink, a painting device for applying a paint on the printed sheet. In the region of the sheet path, the printing unit and the coating device are followed by IR radiation-emitting drying devices in the form of infrared radiators, which can also be embodied as carbon radiators.
- a heating filament of carbon or tungsten in helical or band form is enclosed in an inert gas-filled radiator tube, which is usually made of quartz glass.
- the heating filaments are connected to electrical terminals which are inserted through one end or both ends of the radiator tube.
- the heating filaments themselves have a very low thermal mass and thus a fast reaction time in the range of 1 to 2 seconds. However, until the entire IR dryer system is made of quartz tube, filament, electrical connections and a reflector in thermal equilibrium, several minutes may pass.
- the increase in power not only increases the amount of energy radiated by the infrared radiator, which can lead to overheating of the printing material, but also changes the main wavelength of the emitted radiation, which shifts in the direction of the short-wave spectral range.
- the emission main wavelength of the infrared radiators In the case of water-based printing inks, it is desirable for the emission main wavelength of the infrared radiators to match the absorption characteristic of the water, that is to say about 2.75 ⁇ m.
- the previous commercial infrared radiators therefore have either an adapted emission spectrum; but then they have a low electrical power and need for a sufficiently large radiant power a comparatively large radiating area and, accordingly, a large heat capacity, which in turn requires comparatively long heating and cooling times of the infrared radiator and thus reaction inertia of the dryer unit.
- the infrared radiators have a high electric power and a low reaction inertia; but then their emission spectrum is not optimally adapted to the absorption characteristics of the water.
- the distance between the surface radiator and the substrate should be at least 1.5 times the center distance between the individual radiator tubes when the radiator tube longitudinal axes are aligned in the transport direction of the printing material. This comparatively high minimum distance between surface radiator and substrate leads to a low effective radiation intensity on the substrate level, which extends the reaction time within which the required radiation power is applied to the substrate.
- the invention is therefore based on the object to provide a printing machine with a dryer device, which is improved for the drying of solvent-containing and especially water-based ink in terms of homogeneity and rapid drying and in which the dryer unit does not require active cooling of the infrared radiator.
- the infrared radiator is formed as a planar heating element of a dielectric and heating infrared radiation emitting heating element material having a drying material to be dried facing the heating surface and a contacting surface on the a heat conductor conductor track made of an electrically conductive, noble metal-containing resistance material is applied, which is connected to an electrical contact to an adjustable current source.
- the infrared dryer unit comprises at least one heating element which has a heating surface facing the printing material to be dried. The heating surface emits infrared radiation in the direction of the substrate.
- the heating element is at least partially made of a dielectric material. This is electrically non-conductive and therefore not easily heated by direct current flow, but by heat conduction through the conductor of the heating element.
- the conductor thus serves directly to heat the heating element.
- the heating element material emits infrared radiation in the medium wave wavelength range, which coincides as well as possible with the absorption characteristic of water.
- the heating element forms the actual, infrared radiation emitting element. It may be multi-layered, but it is preferably made entirely from the dielectric heating element material. It is essential that the surface areas covered with conductor track consist of electrically insulating material in order to reliably prevent flashovers and short circuits between adjacent conductor track sections.
- the contacting of the heating element with the heating element for example, via a heating surface opposite contacting surface. This is in direct contact or in indirect contact - via an electrically insulating and heat-conducting intermediate layer - with the conductor track of a resistance material.
- the resistance material is infra-red in the sense that it is temperature resistant up to at least 1000 ° C, ideally also in an oxidative environment, that it is electrically conductive, and that its electrical conductivity does not change significantly with temperature or the resistance change is known.
- the preferred resistance material in this regard is at least 50 at%, preferably at least 95 at%, of platinum group elements.
- the platinum group includes the following precious metals: Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, Pt. These are present in pure form or as an alloy with one another or with one or more other metals, in particular with Au, Ag.
- the printed conductor is preferably used as a thick-film layer, for example, of resistance paste by means of screen printing or of metal-containing ink by means of ink jet printing. generated pressure and then baked at high temperature.
- the conductor runs, for example, in a spiral or meandering line pattern.
- the high absorptivity of the heating element material enables homogeneous radiation even with comparatively low wiring density of the heating surface.
- a low occupation density is characterized in that the minimum distance between adjacent conductor track sections is 1 mm or more, preferably 2 mm or more.
- a large distance between the conductor sections avoids flashovers, which can occur especially when operating at high voltages under vacuum.
- the conductor track may be at least partially covered with a cover layer of an electrically insulating and / or optically scattering material.
- the cover layer serves as a reflector and / or for mechanical protection and for stabilizing the conductor track.
- the heating conductor track is connected to an electrical contact, via which it is connectable to a circuit.
- the electrical contact can be connected via the electrical contacting releasably connected to a circuit, for example via a plug, screw or clamp connection.
- the planar shape of the heating element and the infrared emission enable a surface-homogeneous radiation of infrared radiation and, consequently, a reduction of the distance between the substrate and the heating element. This makes it possible to provide a higher radiant power per unit area and to produce a homogeneous radiation and a uniform temperature field even with thin heating element wall thicknesses and / or at a comparatively low printed circuit occupancy density.
- the distance between the substrate and the heating element can be low, which increases the irradiation intensity and increases the efficiency accordingly.
- the distance is preferably less than 15 mm.
- the short distance allows high power densities of more than 100 kW / m 2 and even more 200 kW / m 2 on the substrate and leads to a reduction of waste in modern high-performance printing presses. This is preferred
- Heating element to achieve a power density above 180 kW / m 2 , preferably to achieve a power density in the range of 180 kW / m 2 to 265 kW / m 2 , designed.
- the surface power is defined as the electrical connection power of the conductor track based on the occupied by the conductor base body surface.
- the printing press according to the invention is therefore preferably equipped with a plate-shaped heating element with a plate thickness of less than 10 mm.
- the transport device has a maximum format width for the transport of the printing material, wherein in the preferred case the heating element for irradiation over the entire format width consists of several heating element sections which are electrically controllable independently of one another.
- the heating element sections in this case span the maximum possible format width of the printing press. They are juxtaposed, for example, in a shock-like manner. The fact that they can be switched and regulated separately from each other, can vary depending on
- the heating element material comprises an amorphous matrix component and an additional component in the form of a semiconductor material.
- the amorphous material such as quartz glass, can be easily brought to the appropriate for the application geometric shape, so for example in the form of flat, curved or corrugated plates.
- the incorporated therein additional component forms its own amorphous or crystalline phase of semiconductor material, such as silicon.
- the energy difference between valence band and conduction band decreases with increasing temperature.
- the semiconductor material if it is sufficiently heated, it can take a high-energy, excited state in which it emits infrared radiation of high power density.
- the semiconductive additional component significantly determines the optical and thermal properties of the heating element; more precisely, it effects absorption in the infrared spectral range (that is, in the wavelength range between 780 nm and 1 mm) and in particular absorption in the wavelength range around 2750 nm.
- the heating element are power densities above 180 kW / m 2 , preferably power densities in Range from 180 kW / m 2 to 265 kW / m 2 , achievable.
- Such a heating element material thus exhibits an excitation temperature which must at least be reached in order to obtain the thermal excitation of the material and thus a high radiation emission.
- the additional component then causes the heating element material to emit infrared radiation.
- spectral emissivity is understood to mean the “spectral normal emissivity”. This is determined using a measurement principle known as Black-Body Boundary Conditions (BBC), published in DETERMINING THE TRANSMITTANCE AND EMITTANCE OF
- the doped with the additional component matrix has a higher heat radiation absorption than would be the case without the additional component. This results in an increased proportion of energy transmission by radiation from the conductor into the heating element, a faster distribution of heat and a higher radiation rate on the substrate. This makes it possible to provide a higher radiant power per unit area and to produce a homogeneous radiation and a uniform temperature field even with thin heating element wall thicknesses and / or with a comparatively low printed circuit occupancy density.
- the additional component is preferably present at least in part as elemental silicon and is incorporated in an amount which in the heating element material for wavelengths between 2 and 8 ⁇ a spectral emissivity ⁇ of at least 0.7 at a temperature of 600 ° C and a spectral emissivity ⁇ of at least 0.8 at a temperature of 1000 ° C causes.
- the semiconductor material and in particular the preferably used, elemental silicon therefore cause blackening of the glassy matrix material at room temperature, but also at elevated temperature above, for example, 600 ° C. This achieves a good emission characteristic in the sense of a broadband, high emission at high temperatures.
- the semiconductor material forms an elementary semiconductor phase dispersed in the matrix. This may contain a plurality of semiconductor elements or metals (metals, however, up to a maximum of 50% by weight, better still not more than 20% by weight, based on the weight fraction of the additional component).
- the heat absorption of the heating element material depends on the proportion of the additional component. In the case of silicon, the proportion by weight should preferably be at least 0.1%. On the other hand, a high proportion of silicon can impair the chemical and mechanical properties of the quartz glass matrix.
- the weight fraction of the weight fraction of the silicon additional component is preferably in the range between 0.1 and 5%.
- the dryer unit comprises a plurality of heating elements, which are arranged one behind the other in the transport direction of the printing material.
- Each dryer unit is assigned a printing unit. The larger number of printing units allows a high printing speed and a high print quality.
- the process appetite serves to dry the printing substrate and to remove it from the solvent of the printing ink, for example water.
- the aim is to achieve a reproducible, laminar flow of the process air that is as reproducible as possible.
- the printing machine according to the invention can be used for rotary printing, offset printing, planographic printing, high-pressure, screen printing or gravure printing.
- the printing unit comprises an inkjet printhead
- the dryer unit viewed in the transport direction of the printing substrate, being arranged downstream of at least one traction roller equipped with a drive motor.
- the image-forming device is embodied as an ink-jet printhead which has one or more nozzles by means of which ink droplets are transferred to the printing substrate.
- the substrate such as waves beats
- the dryer unit is arranged downstream of at least one traction roller equipped with its own drive motor.
- the draw roller is simultaneously formed as a cooling roller, the printing material can be cooled following the dryer unit, which may be helpful, in particular in view of the potentially high energy input, in order to minimize damage to the printing substrate.
- Transport path for the printing material by a printing unit and an infrared dryer unit in a schematic representation
- Figure 2 shows an embodiment of the heating element according to the invention with a reflector layer in a schematic representation and in a side view
- FIG. 3 shows a diagram of the turn-on behavior of a heating element of FIG.
- Figure 4 is a diagram showing emission spectra of a kacheiförmigen heating element in comparison with a conventional infrared heater with quartz glass cladding tube and Kanthal ® -Wendel
- Figure 5 is a diagram illustrating the irradiation profile of the incident on the substrate infrared radiation when using the printing machine according to the invention
- Figure 6 based on two diagrams (a) and (b) a comparison of homogeneity and intensity of the irradiation of substrate by means of kacheiförmigem heating element and by means of infrared surface radiator after
- Printing machine Figure 1 shows schematically an embodiment of a printing machine according to the invention in the form of a roller ink jet printing machine, the total number 1 is assigned.
- the material web 3 from a printing material, such as paper, to a printing unit 40.
- the material web 3 then passes from the printing unit 40 via a deflecting roller 6 to an infrared dryer unit 70.
- This is equipped with a plurality of infrared heating elements 7 which are designed for drying the solvent into the material web.
- the further transport path of the material web 3 passes through a tension roller 8, which is equipped with its own traction drive motor and via which the adjustment of the web tension takes place, to a take-up reel 9.
- Printing machine 1 extends.
- the individual heating elements 7 are in the heating block intermittently strung together and separated according to the dimensions and color assignment of the printing material controlled. Between the individual heating elements 7 is an electrical and thermal insulator. The free distance between the heating surface of the heating elements and the top of the material web 3 is 10 mm. The transport speed of the material web 3 is set to 5 m / s. This is a comparatively high speed, which is made possible by an optimization of the individual processing steps, and in particular requires a high drying rate.
- the dryer unit 70 required for achieving this requirement is explained in more detail below with reference to FIGS. 2 to 5.
- heating element 7 shown schematically in Figure 2 is an infrared radiator with kacheiförmigem base body 20 with a flat radiating surface (bottom 26) and also planar top 25.
- base body top 25 On the base body top 25 a conductor 23 is applied, which in turn Reflector layer 24 is embedded.
- the base body 20 has a rectangular shape with a plate thickness of 2.0 mm and lateral dimensions of 10 cm x 20 cm. It consists of a composite material with a matrix of quartz glass in which phase regions of elemental silicon are homogeneously distributed. The proportion by weight of this Si phase is 2.5% and the maximum dimensions of the Si phase ranges are on average (median value) in the range of about 1 to 10 ⁇ .
- the composite material is gas-tight, has a density of 2.19 g / cm 3 and is stable in air up to a temperature of about 1200 ° C. It shows a high absorption of heat radiation and a high emissivity at high temperature.
- the conductor track 23 is produced from a platinum resistance paste on the upper side 25 of the base body 20. At both ends, leads or terminals are welded to supply electrical energy.
- the conductor track 23 shows a meander-shaped course which covers a heating surface of the base body 20 so tightly that a uniform spacing between adjacent conductor track sections is achieved. stand of 2 mm remains. In the cross section shown, the conductor 23 has a rectangular profile with a width of 1 mm and a thickness of 20 ⁇ . Due to the small thickness of the material content of the expensive conductor material (platinum) is low on the infrared radiator compared to its efficiency.
- the conductor track 23 has direct contact with the upper side 25 of the base body 20, so that the greatest possible heat transfer into the base body 20 is achieved.
- the opposite bottom 26 is used when using the infrared radiator as a radiating surface for the heat radiation.
- the emission direction is indicated by the directional arrow 27.
- the reflector layer 24 consists of opaque quartz glass and has an average layer thickness between 1, 0-1, 5 mm. It is characterized by crack-free and high density of about 2.15 g / cm3 and it is thermally stable to temperatures above 1 100 ° C.
- the reflector layer 24 covers the entire heating area of the base body 20 and completely covers the conductor track 23 and thus shields it from chemical or mechanical influences from the surroundings.
- a fast reaction time of the dryer unit 70 after the printing machine has been switched on is a prerequisite for a low level of waste during the printing process.
- the diagram of FIG. 3 shows the temporal temperature curve after switching on the heating element 7 described with reference to FIG. 2.
- a temperature T re i (in%) is normalized on the y-axis to a maximum temperature which occurs during operation with maximum electrical connection power. plotted against the duty cycle t in seconds. T re i is measured at a distance of 5 mm from the heating surface by means of a thermopile measuring sensor.
- the maximum temperature sets after a short time compared to conventional medium-wave infrared radiators, which remains substantially constant in the further heating process.
- the short response time compared to conventional medium wave infrared emitters reduces waste.
- the implementation of an air cooling for the heating elements 7 is unnecessary in the printing press 1 according to the invention. This increases the process efficiency, since cold cooling air reduces the temperature of the printing substrate 3 and hinders the removal of moisture.
- the combination of uncooled heating elements 7 and warm convective process air for moisture transport optimizes the printing process in modern high-performance printing machines.
- the composite material exhibits a high absorption of heat radiation and a high emissivity at high temperature.
- the emissivity of the composite is measured using an integrating sphere. This allows the measurement of the directional-hemispheric spectral reflectance Rgh and the directional-hemispherical spectral transmittance Tgh, from which the normal spectral emissivity is calculated.
- the measurement of the emissivity at elevated temperature takes place in the wavelength range from 2 to 18 ⁇ by means of an FTIR spectrometer (Bruker IFS 66v FTIR) to which a BBC sample chamber is coupled via an additional optics, based on the above-mentioned BBC measurement principle.
- the sample chamber has in the half-spaces in front of and behind the sample holder on temperature-controlled black body environments and a beam outlet opening with detector.
- the test specimens with a thickness of 2 mm are heated in a separate oven to a predetermined temperature and taken for measurement in the beam path of the sample chamber with the set to a predetermined temperature blackbody environments.
- the intensity detected by the detector is composed of an emission, a reflection and a transmission component, namely intensity emitted by the sample itself, intensity incident on and reflected from the front half-space, and intensity , which falls from the rear hemisphere on the sample and is transmitted by this.
- three measurements must be carried out.
- the emissivity measured in the wavelength range from 2 to about 4 ⁇ measured on the composite material depends on the temperature. The higher the temperature, the higher the emission. At 600 ° C, the normal emissivity in the wavelength range of 2 to 4 ⁇ above 0.7. At 1000 ° C is the normal Emissivity in the entire wavelength range between 2 and 8 ⁇ above 0.8.
- Figure 4 shows the emission spectrum of the heating element 7 (curve A) compared to the emission spectrum of a conventional infrared radiator with quartz glass cladding and heating coil of Kanthai ® (curve B) for the same power.
- the emitted power P re i (as relative to the maximum relative value in%) is plotted on the x-axis and the wavelength ⁇ (in nm).
- the transmission spectrum of water is entered (curve C), wherein the right-hand y-axis indicates a relative value TH2O.
- the temperature of the trace 23 on the base body 20 is set to 1000 ° C.
- the reference heater with a Kanthal ® helix is also operated at a temperature of about 1000 ° C. It turns out that the kacheiförmige heating element 7 in the wavelength range 1 .500 nm to about 2,000 nm has an emission maximum that matches the transmission maximum of water at 2750 nm better than the emission profile of the standard radiator. This results in the same electric power and the same distance by about 25% higher power density on the substrate 3 compared to the standard infrared radiator.
- the infrared panel heater is installed in a test device and mounted on a movable table.
- the optical power is detected by means of a thermoelectric detector.
- the irradiance is determined at several measuring points in increments of 5 mm.
- the irradiance is defined as sufficiently homogeneous if, at 10 measuring points around the middle of the sample, it deviates by no more than +/- 5% from the maximum value measured thereby. This type of measurement is also referred to below as "axial measurement", The graph of FIG.
- FIG. 5 illustrates the result of axial measurements using the cache-shaped heating element 7.
- a normalized optical power L (in%) is plotted on the y-axis
- the lateral distance A (in mm) is plotted on the x-axis by the axis zero point extending center line, which refers to the lateral dimension of the heating element 7.
- the lateral profile of the optical power is measured at a working distance of 10 mm. This is comparatively homogeneous over a larger area around the midline at close to 100%. This is shown by the fact that in a working area with more than 10 measuring points around the center line the optical power does not drop below 95% compared to the maximum value (100%).
- FIGs (a) and (b) of Figure 6 illustrate schematically the relationship between irradiation homogeneity or - intensity and the distance between the radiator and substrate and related differences between a composed of several individual radiators infra-surface radiator (diagram (a)) and the cache-shaped heating element 7 for use in the printing press 1 according to the invention (diagram (b)).
- the gray hatched area schematically defines a "working area" in which an acceptable irradiation homogeneity is given on the printing substrate It becomes clear that this homogeneity is achievable with the standard infrared panel radiator 71 by maintaining a certain distance, but in fact In contrast to this, the cache-shaped heating element 7 allows a sufficiently high homogeneity even at very small distances, at which time the intensity of the radiation is also high 7 1 with respect to the surface radiator 71 of carbon single radiators - significantly improved.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
- Ink Jet (AREA)
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102017107920.3A DE102017107920A1 (de) | 2017-04-12 | 2017-04-12 | Druckmaschine mit einer Infrarot-Trocknereinheit |
PCT/EP2018/053972 WO2018188839A1 (de) | 2017-04-12 | 2018-02-19 | Druckmaschine mit einer infrarot-trocknereinheit |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3436271A1 true EP3436271A1 (de) | 2019-02-06 |
EP3436271B1 EP3436271B1 (de) | 2020-02-19 |
Family
ID=61249639
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP18706251.8A Active EP3436271B1 (de) | 2017-04-12 | 2018-02-19 | Druckmaschine mit einer infrarot-trocknereinheit |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US10899144B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP3436271B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP6882493B2 (de) |
KR (1) | KR20190125464A (de) |
CN (1) | CN110546005B (de) |
DE (1) | DE102017107920A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2018188839A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102018122910A1 (de) * | 2018-09-18 | 2020-03-19 | Heraeus Noblelight Gmbh | Infrarot-Erwärmungseinheit zum Trocknen von Tinten oder Lacken in einer Druckmaschine, sowie Infrarotstrahler-Modul für eine Druckmaschine |
CN109823042B (zh) * | 2019-03-22 | 2024-05-07 | 深圳市旺润自动化有限公司 | 一种烤箱装置及其丝网印刷设备和印刷方法 |
DE102020110912A1 (de) * | 2020-04-22 | 2021-10-28 | Heraeus Noblelight Gmbh | Verfahren zum Trocknen eines Bestrahlungsguts und Infrarot-Bestrahlungsvorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE59202831D1 (de) * | 1991-01-16 | 1995-08-17 | Hoffmann Friedrich | Infrarotstrahler. |
JP3826961B2 (ja) * | 1996-03-25 | 2006-09-27 | ローム株式会社 | 加熱体およびその製造方法 |
JPH10323974A (ja) * | 1997-03-25 | 1998-12-08 | Canon Inc | インクジェット記録方法と装置、及び該装置に用いられる定着発熱体 |
US6732651B2 (en) | 2002-03-22 | 2004-05-11 | Oxy-Dry Corporation | Printing press with infrared dryer safety system |
DE102004020454A1 (de) * | 2004-04-27 | 2005-11-24 | Heidelberger Druckmaschinen Ag | Vorrichtung zur Zuführung von Strahlungsenergie auf einen Bedruckstoff |
DE102006026652B4 (de) * | 2005-07-12 | 2016-10-06 | Heidelberger Druckmaschinen Ag | IR-Trockner einer Bogendruckmaschine |
DE102005046230A1 (de) | 2005-09-28 | 2007-03-29 | Koenig & Bauer Ag | Rotationsdruckmaschine mit einer Vorrichtung zum Trocknen der Druckbogen sowie ein Verfahren zum Trocknen |
JP2011143626A (ja) | 2010-01-15 | 2011-07-28 | Seiko Epson Corp | 紫外線照射装置、記録装置、及び紫外線照射装置における異常判定方法 |
CN104661825A (zh) * | 2012-06-15 | 2015-05-27 | 海德堡印刷机械股份公司 | 用于将印刷液体间接施加到承印材料上的方法 |
JP2016060186A (ja) * | 2014-09-22 | 2016-04-25 | 富士ゼロックス株式会社 | インクジェット記録装置、及び、インクジェット記録方法 |
DE102015220280A1 (de) * | 2014-11-14 | 2016-05-19 | Heidelberger Druckmaschinen Ag | Verfahren zum Bedrucken eines Objekts im Tintenstrahl-Druckverfahren |
DE102015119763A1 (de) | 2015-11-16 | 2017-05-18 | Heraeus Quarzglas Gmbh & Co. Kg | Infrarotstrahler |
-
2017
- 2017-04-12 DE DE102017107920.3A patent/DE102017107920A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2018
- 2018-02-19 JP JP2019541396A patent/JP6882493B2/ja active Active
- 2018-02-19 US US16/479,982 patent/US10899144B2/en active Active
- 2018-02-19 CN CN201880024331.5A patent/CN110546005B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2018-02-19 WO PCT/EP2018/053972 patent/WO2018188839A1/de active Application Filing
- 2018-02-19 EP EP18706251.8A patent/EP3436271B1/de active Active
- 2018-02-19 KR KR1020197030021A patent/KR20190125464A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
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Publication number | Publication date |
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JP6882493B2 (ja) | 2021-06-02 |
CN110546005A (zh) | 2019-12-06 |
US10899144B2 (en) | 2021-01-26 |
WO2018188839A1 (de) | 2018-10-18 |
DE102017107920A1 (de) | 2018-10-18 |
JP2020508897A (ja) | 2020-03-26 |
EP3436271B1 (de) | 2020-02-19 |
KR20190125464A (ko) | 2019-11-06 |
CN110546005B (zh) | 2021-08-06 |
US20200023653A1 (en) | 2020-01-23 |
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