EP3433911B1 - Procédé de fabrication d'un parafoudre et parafoudre - Google Patents

Procédé de fabrication d'un parafoudre et parafoudre Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3433911B1
EP3433911B1 EP17706971.3A EP17706971A EP3433911B1 EP 3433911 B1 EP3433911 B1 EP 3433911B1 EP 17706971 A EP17706971 A EP 17706971A EP 3433911 B1 EP3433911 B1 EP 3433911B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
layers
arrester
cavity
individual components
Prior art date
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Active
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EP17706971.3A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3433911B9 (fr
EP3433911A1 (fr
Inventor
Bernhard Doellgast
Georg Kuegerl
Markus Puff
Robert Hoffmann
Frank Werner
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TDK Electronics AG
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TDK Electronics AG
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Publication of EP3433911B1 publication Critical patent/EP3433911B1/fr
Publication of EP3433911B9 publication Critical patent/EP3433911B9/fr
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T4/00—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps
    • H01T4/02—Details
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T4/00—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps
    • H01T4/10—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps having a single gap or a plurality of gaps in parallel
    • H01T4/12—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps having a single gap or a plurality of gaps in parallel hermetically sealed
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T1/00—Details of spark gaps
    • H01T1/24—Selection of materials for electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T21/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture or maintenance of spark gaps or sparking plugs

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for producing an arrester for protection against overvoltages.
  • it is a multilayer arrester.
  • An arrester is also specified.
  • Conventional gas discharge tubes usually consist of a perforated ceramic base body (usually a ring made of aluminum oxide) with two metal caps attached to the openings.
  • the metal caps are usually copper caps, which are connected to the ceramic using brazed joints.
  • the ceramic body, brazed joint and metal caps are gas-tight, so that the atmosphere prevailing during the brazing process is hermetically sealed inside the gas discharge tube.
  • the structure is complex and therefore only accessible to an automated production and, in particular, miniaturization to a limited extent.
  • the ceramic base bodies are to be manufactured individually, for example by pressing and sintering.
  • a metallization layer suitable for brazing to be applied for example by screen printing and firing.
  • the metallized base body, hard solder and metal caps then have to be assembled geometrically exactly and subjected to soldering in a further temperature step.
  • the document JP 2000 243534 A describes a method of providing a chip surge absorber capable of preventing seal failure due to cracks caused by thermal expansion differences.
  • Document D2 US 2009/296294 A1 describes a method for producing a device for protecting against electrostatic discharge, in which a first, a second and a third LTCC film are subjected to a co-firing step in order to volatilize a substance which has previously been introduced into a hole in the second LTCC film.
  • the document JP 2004 127614 A describes a method for producing a surge arrester which can be easily miniaturized.
  • One object to be achieved is to provide an improved method for producing an arrester.
  • an improved arrester is to be specified.
  • the layers are laminated and the individual components are compacted in a single temperature process using co-firing.
  • the internal electrodes and gas discharge area are consequently produced in a common production step. This provides a simple and cost-effective method.
  • the method can also be used to produce a large number of individual components in small sizes at the same time. A particularly cost-effective and efficient method is thus made available.
  • a metal paste is applied to at least a partial area of the outer surface, for example the two end faces, of the respective individual component.
  • the metal paste preferably has copper or nickel.
  • the metal paste is then burned in to form at least one external electrode.
  • the outer electrode is designed, for example, in the form of a metal cap.
  • the internal electrodes can be reliably contacted in a simple manner.
  • the type and geometry of the external metallization are preferably selected so that a surface-mountable component is created. This process step also takes place - together with the lamination of the layers and the compression of the individual components - in a single temperature process by co-firing. This provides a simple and efficient method.
  • the layers have a ceramic material.
  • the layers have the same ceramic composition on.
  • the ceramic is characterized by a low dielectric constant and good sintering properties.
  • the layers can have, for example, Al 2 O 3 . Furthermore, the layers can have SiO 2 as a sintering aid. But any other ceramic that can be sintered together with the electrode is also conceivable.
  • the individual components are compacted by means of debinding and sintering of the individual components under a defined temperature and atmosphere.
  • the layer stack comprising ceramic material is exposed to a predetermined temperature of, for example, 900.degree. C. to 1200.degree.
  • the debinding and sintering takes place in a temperature process, so that further temperature processes are superfluous.
  • the layers comprise glass.
  • the layers can consist predominantly of glass or, in addition to glass, also have a ceramic component.
  • the individual components are compacted using a glass transition.
  • the stack is exposed to a lower temperature than during sintering.
  • electrode materials with a lower melting temperature can also be used.
  • a glass as a sintering aid reduces the sintering temperature in particular and causes more complete compression. When choosing glass, it is important that the shape of the layers is retained during sintering.
  • the electrically conductive material protrudes on at least one side edge of the respective individual component after the separation. In this way, the individual component can be connected to an external contact.
  • an activation material can be provided in the first layer.
  • the activation material is at least partially arranged in the hole.
  • the activation material can be introduced into the first layer before the hole is provided.
  • the activation material can also be made available after the hole has been provided on the side walls of the first layer that delimit the hole.
  • the activation material preferably comprises graphite.
  • the activation material is intended to facilitate the ignition of the gas and to guide the spark. A particularly effective arrester can thus be made available by the method.
  • an arrester for protection against overvoltages is specified.
  • the arrester is in particular a gas arrester with a multilayer construction.
  • the arrester is preferably produced by the method described above. All features that have been described in connection with the procedure also apply to the arrester and vice versa.
  • the arrester has several layers, in particular three layers, arranged one above the other.
  • the layers can have several individual layers.
  • the arrester has at least one cavity.
  • the cavity leads through at least one layer, in particular the cavity penetrates the layer completely.
  • the layers have a top layer and a base layer. Between the top layer and the Base layer, a main layer is formed which has the cavity.
  • the top layer and the base layer delimit the cavity above and below.
  • At least one internal electrode is arranged on each of the top layer and the base layer. The internal electrodes adjoin the cavity.
  • the cavity is completely surrounded or closed by the cover layer and the base layer.
  • the compact arrangement in the form of a multilayer component enables a small, miniaturized component to be made available.
  • the electrodes can be arranged freely. This enables the component to be adapted to a wide variety of installation situations.
  • the layers have a ceramic material.
  • the layers can have glass. These materials are characterized by a low dielectric constant and can also be exposed to high temperatures, for example during a sintering step.
  • the internal electrodes are flat.
  • the internal electrodes are designed in the form of a strip on the respective layer.
  • the internal electrodes preferably completely cover the cavity at the bottom and at the top.
  • the flat electrodes reduce the current load in the electrode and heat losses are better dissipated.
  • the area should therefore be as large as possible.
  • a narrow electrode leads to an increase in the field and thus to easier ignition of the flashover.
  • the Figures 1 and 2 show an arrester 1 for protection against overvoltages according to a first exemplary embodiment.
  • the arrester 1 is in particular a gas arrester with a multilayer design.
  • the arrester 1 has a base body 30.
  • the base body 30 has a multilayer structure.
  • the base body 30 has a first layer 10 or main layer 10.
  • the base body 30 has a second layer 11 or base layer 11.
  • the base body 30 has a third layer 12 or cover layer 12.
  • the layers 10, 11, 12 can each be produced from one or more sheets, in particular green sheets, arranged one above the other.
  • one or more of the layers 10, 11, 12 are each formed from a multiplicity of foils, for example from 20 foils each.
  • the layers 10, 11, 12 are each designed as foil packets.
  • the layers 10, 11, 12 can, however, each be formed from only one film.
  • the number of foils used depends on the thickness of the foils and the required properties of the arrester 1.
  • the layers 10, 11, 12 are arranged on top of one another, the main layer 10 being arranged between the base layer 11 and the cover layer 12.
  • the layers 10, 11, 12 preferably have the same material composition.
  • the layers 10, 11, 12 have a material that compacts well at high temperatures.
  • the layers 10, 11, 12 have a ceramic.
  • the ceramic is characterized by a low dielectric constant and good sintering properties.
  • the layers 10, 11, 12 can also have glass.
  • the main layer 10 has a hole or a cavity 4.
  • the cavity 4 penetrates the main layer 10 completely.
  • the cavity 4 is preferably completely closed to the outside.
  • the cavity 4 is through the Base layer 11 and the cover layer 12 bounded at the top and bottom.
  • the shape of the cavity 4 is preferably translation-invariant with respect to the stacking direction of the layers 10, 11, 12.
  • the cavity 4 has the shape of a straight cylinder.
  • the side walls delimiting the cavity 4 run perpendicular to a base surface, in particular perpendicular to a bottom surface or top surface delimiting the cavity 4.
  • the cavity 4 has in particular a base area parallel to the layer planes and a height along the stacking direction of the layers 10, 11, 12.
  • the height of the cavity 4 corresponds in particular to the thickness of the main layer 10.
  • the cavity 4 is filled with a gas.
  • the type of gas depends on an atmosphere during the manufacture of the arrester 1, in particular on a sintering atmosphere during the sintering of the layers 10, 11, 12.
  • sintering takes place in the absence of oxygen.
  • halides can also be added to the atmosphere.
  • the gas contains nitrogen.
  • an activation material 5 for example graphite, can also be arranged.
  • the activation material 5 can support the formation of an electric arc.
  • the activation material 5 thus serves as an ignition aid.
  • the activation material 5 can cover only partial areas of the side walls or also the entire side walls of the cavity 4.
  • the arrester 1 also has internal electrodes 3.
  • the internal electrodes 3 are each arranged on the cover layer 12 and the base layer 11.
  • the cover layer 12 and the base layer 11 thus represent electrode-carrying layers.
  • the internal electrodes 3 have copper, tungsten and / or nickel.
  • the internal electrodes 3 run parallel to the layers 10, 11, 12. In this exemplary embodiment, the internal electrodes 3 extend alternately up to a side edge 7 of the base body 30. This means that an internal electrode 3 extends to a first side edge 7 (right side edge in Figure 1 ) is performed, while the internal electrode 3 in question does not extend to the opposite, second side edge 7 of the base body 30. Another inner electrode 3 extends to the second side edge 7 (left side edge in Figure 1 ), but not up to the opposite first side edge 7.
  • internal electrodes 3 are also conceivable, which are not led to the side edge 7 at all, but rather serve as guide electrodes for the rollover (not explicitly shown).
  • the internal electrodes 3 delimit the cavity 4 upwards or downwards.
  • the internal electrodes 3 can be designed to be flat so that they completely cover the cavity 4 from above and / or below. In other words, the respective internal electrode 3 can completely cover the layer 11, 12 on which it is arranged, at least in the region of the cavity 4.
  • at least one of the internal electrodes 3 can also be designed only as a narrow line and protrude into the cavity 4 on an upper side and / or on a lower side of the cavity 4.
  • external electrodes 6 for example in the form of metal caps, are arranged on the end faces of the base body 30.
  • the outer electrodes 6 preferably have copper.
  • the external electrodes 6 are arranged on the opposite end faces of the base body 30.
  • the external electrodes 6 are preferably attached to the base body 30 by means of brazing.
  • the inner electrodes 3 are alternately connected to the outer electrodes 6 in order to make contact with the arrester 1.
  • the arrester 1 is preferably an SMD component, i.e. designed as a surface-mountable component.
  • the arrester 1 is designed, for example, for mounting on a printed circuit board.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 show an arrester 1 for protection against overvoltages according to a second exemplary embodiment. Only the differences between the two exemplary embodiments are shown below.
  • each inner electrode 3 extends to the two side edges 7 of the base body 30. This means that alternative installation situations for the arrester 1 can be taken into account.
  • the external electrodes 6 are not arranged on the end faces of the base body 30 for contacting the internal electrodes 3. Since the internal electrodes 3 protrude on both sides up to the edge of the base body 30, the external electrodes 5 are on the opposite longitudinal sides or main surfaces of the base body 30 are formed. In particular, the external electrodes 6 are applied to the base body 30 from above and below in the form of metal caps. In this case, the outer electrodes 6 partially protrude onto the end faces of the base body 30 for connecting the inner electrodes 3.
  • the Figures 5 and 6 show process steps in the manufacture of an arrester.
  • the method is preferably an arrester 1 according to FIG Figures 1 to 4 manufactured.
  • the layers 10, 11, 12 have the same material. At least one film is provided for each of the green layers 10, 11, 12. They are preferably green sheets, for example ceramic green sheets.
  • the foils preferably have a ceramic powder. All ceramics whose sintering temperature is below the melting temperature of the electrode materials used (in particular copper, tungsten and / or nickel) and which have sufficient mechanical and electrical stability after sintering can be used as the ceramic base material. Alternatively, glass-filled films can also be used.
  • the first layer 10 or main layer 10 of the arrester 1 is preferably formed from a plurality of first foils.
  • a plurality of second foils is preferably made second layer 11 or base layer 11 of the arrester 1 is formed.
  • the third layer 12 or cover layer 12 of the arrester 1 is preferably formed from a plurality of third foils.
  • the number of foils used depends on the thickness of the foils and the required properties of the arrester 1.
  • the main layer 10 can have up to 20 films or more with a thickness of, for example, 40 ⁇ m each.
  • At least one hole 4 is made in the first layer 10, for example by laser or punching.
  • the hole 4 is intended to form the later gas interior.
  • the hole 4 penetrates the first layer 10 and in particular the plurality of foils of the first layer 10 completely.
  • an activation material 5 can be introduced into the hole 4.
  • a graphite paste is applied to the side walls of the first layer 10, which delimit the hole 4.
  • the activation material 5 can also be introduced during the construction of the first layer 10 before the hole 4 is produced.
  • the activation material 5 can in this case be introduced between individual foils of the first layer 10. In this case, when the hole 4 is formed, a ring of activation material 5 arises on the walls of the hole 4.
  • the material 13 is on an outer surface 11a, 12a of the respective Layer 11, 12 applied.
  • the material 13 is preferably printed onto the second and third layers 11, 12, for example by means of screen printing.
  • the electrically conductive material 13 can comprise copper, tungsten or nickel, for example.
  • the electrically conductive material 13 can be applied, for example, as a continuous strip.
  • the printing patterns are selected in such a way that the metal areas protrude at least partially onto the side edge 7 after a later separation of the stack and are thus accessible from the outside for electrical contacting. Furthermore, the printing patterns are selected such that the at least one hole 4 in the first layer 10 is covered with the electrically conductive material 13 on both sides, that is to say from above and below.
  • the second layer 11 and the third layer 12 are then laminated onto the first layer 10 to form a stack 20 with the printed outer surface 11a, 12a facing inwards (see FIG Figure 6 ).
  • the lamination takes place in the green state of the layers at pressure and moderate temperature. For example, the lamination takes place at a temperature of 80 ° C to 100 ° C.
  • the ceramic green stacks 20 are separated into individual components 30 (base body 30). This is done, for example, by means of cutting or sawing.
  • the individual components 30 are then compressed in a single step under a defined temperature and atmosphere. If the layers 10, 11, 12 have a ceramic, the individual components 30 are debinded and sintered in this step under a defined temperature and atmosphere.
  • Sintering is preferably carried out in the absence of oxygen.
  • the sintering temperature depends on the material used and can be between 900 ° C and 1200 ° C. If glass-filled foils are used, the compression step is not implemented via sintering, but via a glass transition. The individual component 30 is exposed to a lower temperature than during sintering.
  • a metal paste is applied to at least a partial area of the outer surface of the respective individual component 30.
  • the metal paste can be applied to the end faces or the main surfaces of the respective individual component 30 (see FIG Figures 1 to 4 ).
  • the metal paste is then burned in to form the external electrodes 6.
  • the type and geometry of the external electrodes 6 are selected so that a surface-mountable component similar to a multilayer capacitor (MLLC) is produced.
  • the advantage over conventional gas discharge tubes is that no individual elements but multiple arrangements have to be processed. This enables a high degree of automation as well as the production of very small, miniaturized designs.
  • the structure by means of individual foils also allows the internal electrodes 3 to be arranged freely. A combination of flat inner electrode 3 and electrodes which only protrude into the hole 4 as a narrow line is possible.
  • Electrodes that are not led outward to the side edges 7 and serve as guide electrodes for the flashover are also possible.

Claims (16)

  1. Procédé de fabrication d'un parafoudre (1), comprenant les étapes suivantes :
    - fourniture d'au moins trois couches d'ébauche (10, 11, 12), la couche (10, 11, 12) respective possédant au moins un film d'ébauche,
    - introduction d'au moins un trou (4) dans une première des trois couches (10),
    - application d'un matériau électriquement conducteur (13) en vue de former des électrodes internes (3) sur une deuxième des trois couches (11) et une troisième des trois couches (12),
    - stratification des couches (10, 11, 12) en une pile (20), la première couche (10) étant disposée entre la deuxième couche (11) et la troisième couche (12),
    - séparation de la pile d'ébauche (20) en composants individuels (30),
    - compactage des composants individuels (30),
    la stratification des couches (10, 11, 12) et le compactage des composants individuels (30) s'effectuant dans un processus thermique unique par cofrittage.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, comprenant l'étape supplémentaire
    - application d'une pâte métallique sur au moins une zone partielle de la surface extérieure du composant individuel (30) respectif et cuisson de la pâte métallique en vue de former au moins une électrode externe (6).
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, les couches (10, 11, 12) possédant la même composition de matériaux.
  4. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, les couches (10, 11, 12) possédant un matériau céramique.
  5. Procédé selon la revendication 4, le compactage des composants individuels (30) s'effectuant par élimination du liant et frittage des composants individuels (30) sous une température et une atmosphère définies.
  6. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, les couches (10, 11, 12) possédant du verre.
  7. Procédé selon la revendication 6, le compactage des composants individuels (30) s'effectuant par le biais d'une transition vitreuse.
  8. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, le matériau électriquement conducteur (13) étant appliqué en un modèle prédéterminé sur une surface externe (11a, 12a) de la deuxième couche (11) et de la troisième couche (12), et la deuxième couche (11) et la troisième couche (12) pourvues de la surface externe (11a, 12a) imprimée étant stratifiées vers l'intérieur sur la première couche (10) pour former la pile (20).
  9. Procédé selon la revendication 8, le modèle étant choisi de telle sorte que l'au moins un trou (4) dans la première couche (10) est recouvert des deux côtés au moins partiellement par le matériau électriquement conducteur (13).
  10. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, l'application du matériau électriquement conducteur (13) sur la deuxième couche (11) et la troisième couche (12) s'effectuant par sérigraphie.
  11. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, le matériau électriquement conducteur (13), après la séparation, faisant saillie au niveau d'un bord latéral (7) du composant individuel (30) respectif.
  12. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, comprenant l'étape supplémentaire de
    - fourniture d'un matériau d'activation (5) dans la première couche (10), le matériau d'activation (5) étant au moins partiellement disposé dans le trou (4).
  13. Parafoudre (1) destiné à la protection contre les surtensions, comprenant plusieurs couches (10, 11, 12) disposées les unes au-dessus des autres et au moins un espace creux (4) qui passe à travers au moins une couche (10), le parafoudre (1) possédant des électrodes internes (3) qui sont adjacentes à l'espace creux (4) et le parafoudre (1) étant fabriqué par un procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 12.
  14. Parafoudre (1) selon la revendication 13, les couches (10, 11, 12) possédant une couche de recouvrement (12) et une couche de base (11), qui délimitent l'espace creux (4) vers le bas et le haut, et les électrodes internes (3) étant disposées sur la couche de recouvrement (12) et la couche de base (11).
  15. Parafoudre (1) selon la revendication 13 ou 14, les couches (10, 11, 12) possédant un matériau céramique et/ou du verre.
  16. Parafoudre (1) selon l'une des revendications 13 à 15, les électrodes (3) étant de configuration plate et recouvrant entièrement l'espace creux (4) vers le bas et le haut.
EP17706971.3A 2016-03-24 2017-02-16 Procédé de fabrication d'un parafoudre et parafoudre Active EP3433911B9 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102016105541.7A DE102016105541A1 (de) 2016-03-24 2016-03-24 Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Ableiters und Ableiter
PCT/EP2017/053502 WO2017162376A1 (fr) 2016-03-24 2017-02-16 Procédé de fabrication d'un parafoudre et parafoudre

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Publication Number Publication Date
EP3433911A1 EP3433911A1 (fr) 2019-01-30
EP3433911B1 true EP3433911B1 (fr) 2020-10-07
EP3433911B9 EP3433911B9 (fr) 2021-03-31

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US (1) US10944243B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP3433911B9 (fr)
JP (1) JP6921104B2 (fr)
DE (1) DE102016105541A1 (fr)
TW (1) TWI713278B (fr)
WO (1) WO2017162376A1 (fr)

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DE112021003204A5 (de) * 2020-06-10 2023-04-27 Tdk Electronics Ag Überspannungsschutzelement

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JP2019509607A (ja) 2019-04-04
JP6921104B2 (ja) 2021-08-18
EP3433911B9 (fr) 2021-03-31
WO2017162376A1 (fr) 2017-09-28
TWI713278B (zh) 2020-12-11
US20190103730A1 (en) 2019-04-04
EP3433911A1 (fr) 2019-01-30
US10944243B2 (en) 2021-03-09
DE102016105541A1 (de) 2017-09-28
TW201806271A (zh) 2018-02-16

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