EP3430174A1 - Chrome tanning process - Google Patents

Chrome tanning process

Info

Publication number
EP3430174A1
EP3430174A1 EP17714567.9A EP17714567A EP3430174A1 EP 3430174 A1 EP3430174 A1 EP 3430174A1 EP 17714567 A EP17714567 A EP 17714567A EP 3430174 A1 EP3430174 A1 EP 3430174A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
water
chrome
fatliquor
tanning
chrome tanning
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP17714567.9A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3430174B1 (en
Inventor
Rathinam ARAVINDHAN
Palanisamy Thanikaivelan
Gladstone Christopher JAYAKUMAR
Palanivel SARAVANAN
Jonnalagadda Raghava Rao
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Council of Scientific and Industrial Research CSIR
Original Assignee
Council of Scientific and Industrial Research CSIR
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Council of Scientific and Industrial Research CSIR filed Critical Council of Scientific and Industrial Research CSIR
Publication of EP3430174A1 publication Critical patent/EP3430174A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3430174B1 publication Critical patent/EP3430174B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C14—SKINS; HIDES; PELTS; LEATHER
    • C14C—CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF HIDES, SKINS OR LEATHER, e.g. TANNING, IMPREGNATING, FINISHING; APPARATUS THEREFOR; COMPOSITIONS FOR TANNING
    • C14C3/00—Tanning; Compositions for tanning
    • C14C3/02—Chemical tanning
    • C14C3/04—Mineral tanning
    • C14C3/06—Mineral tanning using chromium compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C14—SKINS; HIDES; PELTS; LEATHER
    • C14C—CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF HIDES, SKINS OR LEATHER, e.g. TANNING, IMPREGNATING, FINISHING; APPARATUS THEREFOR; COMPOSITIONS FOR TANNING
    • C14C3/00—Tanning; Compositions for tanning
    • C14C3/02—Chemical tanning
    • C14C3/08—Chemical tanning by organic agents
    • C14C3/14—Fat tanning; Oil tanning
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C14—SKINS; HIDES; PELTS; LEATHER
    • C14C—CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF HIDES, SKINS OR LEATHER, e.g. TANNING, IMPREGNATING, FINISHING; APPARATUS THEREFOR; COMPOSITIONS FOR TANNING
    • C14C3/00—Tanning; Compositions for tanning
    • C14C3/02—Chemical tanning
    • C14C3/28—Multi-step processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C14—SKINS; HIDES; PELTS; LEATHER
    • C14C—CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF HIDES, SKINS OR LEATHER, e.g. TANNING, IMPREGNATING, FINISHING; APPARATUS THEREFOR; COMPOSITIONS FOR TANNING
    • C14C9/00—Impregnating leather for preserving, waterproofing, making resistant to heat or similar purposes
    • C14C9/02—Impregnating leather for preserving, waterproofing, making resistant to heat or similar purposes using fatty or oily materials, e.g. fat liquoring

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an improved chrome tanning process. More particularly, the present invention relates to carrying out the chrome tanning process without addition of water.
  • the inherent water present in the pelt is utilized for chrome tanning.
  • the process employs auxiliary chemicals such as fatliquors to enhance the distribution and exhaustion of chromium during tanning process.
  • auxiliary chemicals such as fatliquors to enhance the distribution and exhaustion of chromium during tanning process.
  • salt and the basification process are avoided in the new process.
  • the organoleptic properties of the tanned leathers are on par with conventionally processed leathers.
  • the strength characteristics of the crust leathers meet the standard norms, which ascertain the quality of the final leathers.
  • This new invention makes an effort to attain sustainability with reduced pollution loads.
  • the main objective of the present invention is to provide a zero water chrome tanning process, which obviates the limitations as stated above.
  • Another objective of the present invention is to utilize inherent water present in the pelt for chrome tanning.
  • Still another objective of the present invention is to use auxiliary chemicals like acid stable, cationic fatliquors during chrome tanning process.
  • Yet another objective of the present invention is to use organic acids to adjust the pH prior to chrome tanning.
  • Still another objective of the present invention is to improve the uptake of chromium.
  • Yet another objective of the present invention is to reduce pollution and toxic chemicals in the effluent.
  • Still another objective of the present invention is to provide physical strength characteristics to the leather similar to that of conventional chrome tanned leather.
  • Yet another objective of the present invention is to reduce processing time for chrome tanning in comparison to conventional processing.
  • Still another objective of the present invention is to eliminate basification processes in comparison to conventional processing.
  • the present invention provides an improved chrome tanning process, which comprises i. treating delimed hide/skin with 0.5 to 1.5% of organic acid in the presence of 40 to 60% water to adjust the pH in the range of 4.8 to 5.8,
  • the organic acid used may be selected from formic acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid either individually or in different combinations.
  • the conventional fatliquor used may be selected from cationic fatliquor, acid stable fatliquor, universal fatliquor, chrome stable fatliquor either individually or in different combinations.
  • Delimed hide/skin is treated with 0.5 to 1.5% of organic acid in the presence of 40-
  • the pH of the pelt is adjusted in the range of 4.8 to 5.8. After attaining the pH, the float is drained and the hide/skin is treated with 0.5 to 2.0% of conventional fatliquor. After a period of 20 to 60 min, the hide/skin is treated with 5 to 8% of conventional chrome tanning agent, added in one or more instalments, for a period in the range of 240 to 360 min. The pH is checked to be in the range of 3.6 to 4.4 to obtain chrome tanned leather.
  • the inventive step of the present invention lies in utilizing the internal moisture content of raw material for chrome tanning to reduce the effluent discharge. Further, elimination of common salt and considerable reduction in water requirement, duration of the process and cost are achieved in the new invention.
  • Example 1 is given by way of illustration only and therefore, should not be construed to limit the scope of the present invention.
  • One delimed hide weighing 1.5 kg was treated with 7.5 g of formic acid diluted with 75 ml of water and drummed in the presence of 600 ml water.
  • the pH of the pelt was checked to be 4.8.
  • the float was drained and the hide was treated with 7.5 g of acid stable fatliquor.
  • the hide was treated with 75 g of conventional chrome tanning agent (BCS) was added in 2 feeds with 30 min interval for a period of 240 min.
  • the pH was checked to be 3.6 to obtain chrome tanned leather.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Treatment And Processing Of Natural Fur Or Leather (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention discloses water utilization during leather manufacture is inevitable as it is important for diffusion and distribution of chemicals in the skin matrix. Since, higher volume of water is employed during various unit processes, the discharge of effluent correspondingly increase with the pollutants. The present invention relates to avoiding the use of water for pickle-basification free chrome tanning process. Auxiliary chemicals like fatliquors are used to enhance the exhaustion of chromium during tanning process. Moreover, the use of salt and the basification process are avoided in the new process. The organoleptic and strength properties of the tanned leathers are on par with conventionally processed leathers. This new invention makes an effort to utilize the inherent water in the skin for tanning so as to attain sustainability with reduced pollution loads.

Description

CHROME TANNING PROCESS
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an improved chrome tanning process. More particularly, the present invention relates to carrying out the chrome tanning process without addition of water. The inherent water present in the pelt is utilized for chrome tanning. The process employs auxiliary chemicals such as fatliquors to enhance the distribution and exhaustion of chromium during tanning process. Moreover, the use of salt and the basification process are avoided in the new process. The organoleptic properties of the tanned leathers are on par with conventionally processed leathers. The strength characteristics of the crust leathers meet the standard norms, which ascertain the quality of the final leathers. This new invention makes an effort to attain sustainability with reduced pollution loads.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Huge volume of water is being utilized during leather processing, which leads to discharge of enormous quantity of wastewater (Rao et al., Journal of Cleaner Production, 11, 591-599, 2003). Researchers world over are involved in the development of technologies to minimize water utilization in leather processing. Chrome tanning is a widely practiced methodology to make leathers owing to its versatile properties. Use of water during chrome tanning is very important for attaining uniform diffusion, distribution and hydrolysis of chromium. The spent chrome liquor contains 1500-3500 ppm of chromium. The discharge of chromium is of major concern and 2 ppm as total chromium is the stipulated norm for the discharge of tannery effluent in inland water bodies (Suresh et al, Journal of Cleaner Production, 9, 483-491, 2001). Therefore, alternate technologies to reduce the chrome pollution or alternate tanning system are required to combat the present scenario. Owing to the non-availability of best-suited alternate tanning agent, it seems more appropriate to continue with the use of trivalent chromium as the main tanning material and chrome management through reduction of pollution at source or end-of pipe treatment seems logical. Recycling of spent chromium liquor to tanning or pickle bath is one of the best methods of chrome management in overcoming the problem of chromium pollution (Sreeram et al., The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association, 100, 233-242, Muralidharan and John, WO Patent 2012153203A1, 2012). However, regular control and monitoring of acidity and salt content of the liquor are necessary. The recovery/reuse methodology is a very simple and effective method for combating chrome pollution, which is gaining importance (Sreeram and Ramasami, Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 38, 185-212, 2003). The use of chrome exhaust aids, high exhaust chrome tanning salts and less chrome technologies have been developed (Ramamurthy et al., Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, 16, 647-654, 2014; Van and Brendler, US Patent 7063728B2, 2014).
Pickle-basification free chrome tanning is another commercially feasible development, where the chromium tanning is carried out at higher pH around 5.0, without the use of common salt. Also, the basification is not necessary in this process (Legesse et al, The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association, 97, 475-486 2002, Rao et al, The Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association, 99, 82-94, 2004, John and Muralidharan, WO Patent 2012153203A1, 2006). Nevertheless, the disclosed process employs aqueous medium in significant quantity and discharge wastewater with fairly low pollution loads in comparison to the conventional pickle based chrome tanning system. Further, the researchers are also looking at employing alternative medium to water during chrome tanning process. Silambarasan et al (RSC Advances, 5, 66815-66823, 2015) have shown that the chrome tanning can be carried out in ethanol and its derivatives instead of water. Similarly, there are reports of using pressurized carbon dioxide as a medium for chrome tanning (Manfred et al., The Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 66, 291-296, 2012). A recent study demonstrates that a minimum of 55-65% internal moisture content within the collagen matrix is required for making chrome tanned leathers with comparable quality (Silambarasan et al., Journal of Cleaner Production, 87, 567-572, 2015). As can be seen in the prior art,the current knowledge on the cleaner chrome tanning processes as well as other chrome management options is well known. The prior art focused ontechnologies like pickle-less, alternate tanning system and use of alternative medium in chrome tanning. Recovery and recycling of spent liquor is also practised in some industries. However, generation of wastewater containing chromium is still a major challenge for leather makers. Further, the availability of quality water source for chrome tanning is also becoming scarce. Therefore, there exists a dire need to provide a zero water chrome tanning system.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION The main objective of the present invention is to provide a zero water chrome tanning process, which obviates the limitations as stated above.
Another objective of the present invention is to utilize inherent water present in the pelt for chrome tanning.
Still another objective of the present invention is to use auxiliary chemicals like acid stable, cationic fatliquors during chrome tanning process.
Yet another objective of the present invention is to use organic acids to adjust the pH prior to chrome tanning.
Still another objective of the present invention is to improve the uptake of chromium.
Yet another objective of the present invention is to reduce pollution and toxic chemicals in the effluent.
Still another objective of the present invention is to provide physical strength characteristics to the leather similar to that of conventional chrome tanned leather.
Yet another objective of the present invention is to reduce processing time for chrome tanning in comparison to conventional processing.
Still another objective of the present invention is to eliminate basification processes in comparison to conventional processing.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Accordingly, the present invention provides an improved chrome tanning process, which comprises i. treating delimed hide/skin with 0.5 to 1.5% of organic acid in the presence of 40 to 60% water to adjust the pH in the range of 4.8 to 5.8,
ii. draining the float and treating the hide/skin, as obtained in step (i), with 0.5 to 2.0% conventional fatliquor for a period in the range of 20 to 60 min, iii. treating hide/skin, as obtained in step(ii), with 5 to 8% of conventional chrome tanning agent, added in one or more instalments, for a period in the range of 240 to 360 min to obtain chrome tanned leather. In an embodiment of the present invention, the organic acid used may be selected from formic acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid either individually or in different combinations.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the conventional fatliquor used may be selected from cationic fatliquor, acid stable fatliquor, universal fatliquor, chrome stable fatliquor either individually or in different combinations.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention is described below in detail. Delimed hide/skin is treated with 0.5 to 1.5% of organic acid in the presence of 40-
60% water. The pH of the pelt is adjusted in the range of 4.8 to 5.8. After attaining the pH, the float is drained and the hide/skin is treated with 0.5 to 2.0% of conventional fatliquor. After a period of 20 to 60 min, the hide/skin is treated with 5 to 8% of conventional chrome tanning agent, added in one or more instalments, for a period in the range of 240 to 360 min. The pH is checked to be in the range of 3.6 to 4.4 to obtain chrome tanned leather.
The inventive step of the present invention lies in utilizing the internal moisture content of raw material for chrome tanning to reduce the effluent discharge. Further, elimination of common salt and considerable reduction in water requirement, duration of the process and cost are achieved in the new invention.
The following examples are given by way of illustration only and therefore, should not be construed to limit the scope of the present invention. Example 1
One delimed hide weighing 1.5 kg was treated with 7.5 g of formic acid diluted with 75 ml of water and drummed in the presence of 600 ml water. The pH of the pelt was checked to be 4.8. After attaining the pH, the float was drained and the hide was treated with 7.5 g of acid stable fatliquor. After a period of 20 min the hide was treated with 75 g of conventional chrome tanning agent (BCS) was added in 2 feeds with 30 min interval for a period of 240 min. The pH was checked to be 3.6 to obtain chrome tanned leather.
Example 2
Three delimed hides weighing 5 kg was treated with 50 g of acetic acid diluted with
500 ml of water and drummed in the presence of 2.5 L water. The pH of the pelt was checked to be 5.0. After attaining the pH, the float was drained and the hides were treated with 50 g of cationic fatliquor. After a period of 45 min the hides were treated with 350 g of conventional chrome tanning agent (BCS) was added in 3 feeds with 30 min interval for a period of 300 min. The pH was checked to be 3.8 to obtain chrome tanned leather.
Example 3
Two delimed hides weighing 3 kg was treated with 45 g of acetic acid diluted with 450 ml of water and drummed in the presence of 1.8 L water. The pH of the pelt was checked to be 5.8. After attaining the pH, the float was drained and the hides were treated with 60 g of universal fatliquor. After a period of 60 min the hides were treated with 240 g of conventional chrome tanning agent (BCS) was added in 4 feeds with 30 min interval for a period of 360 min. The pH was checked to be 4.4 to obtain chrome tanned leather. Example 4
Four delimed hides weighing 10 kg was treated with 100 g of acetic acid diluted with 1 L of water and drummed in the presence of 6 L water. The pH of the pelt was checked to be 5.0. After attaining the pH, the float was drained and the hides were treated with 100 g of cationic fatliquor. After a period of 30 min the hides were treated with 600 g of conventional chrome tanning agent (BCS) was added in 2 feeds with 30 min interval for a period of 300 min. The pH was checked to be 4.0 to obtain chrome tanned leather.
Example 5
Two delimed hides weighing 6 kg was treated with 60 g of oxalic acid diluted with 600 ml of water and drummed in the presence of 3.6 L water. The pH of the pelt was checked to be 5.2. After attaining the pH, the float was drained and the hides were treated with 60 g of chrome stable fatliquor. After a period of 60 min the hides were treated with 360 g of conventional chrome tanning agent (BCS) was added in 3 feeds with 30 min interval for a period of 240 min. The pH was checked to be 4.4 to obtain chrome tanned leather. Example 6
One delimed hide weighing 1 kg was treated with 10 g of oxalic acid diluted with 50 ml of water and drummed in the presence of 400 ml water. The pH of the pelt was checked to be 4.8. After attaining the pH, the float was drained and the hide was treated with 5 g of cationic fatliquor. After a period of 30 min the hide was treated with 60 g of conventional chrome tanning agent (BCS) added in 2 feeds with 30 min interval for a period of 240 min. The pH was checked to be 4.4 to obtain chrome tanned leather. Example 7
Three delimed hides weighing 6 kg was treated with 30 g of acetic acid and 30 g of formic acid diluted with 900 ml of water and drummed in the presence of 3.6 L water. The pH of the pelt was checked to be 5.2. After attaining the pH, the float was drained and the hides were treated with 30 g of acid stable fatliquor and 30 g of chrome stable fatliquor. After a period of 60 min the hides were treated with 360 g of conventional chrome tanning agent (BCS) added in 2 feeds with 30 min interval for a period of 240 min. The pH was checked to be 4.2 to obtain chrome tanned leather.
ADVANTAGES OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
The main advantages of the present invention include:
1. Utilization of inherent moisture present in the delimed pet for tanning
2. Eliminating the use of process water during chrome tanning process
3. Reduction of pollution loads to the environment
4. Reduction of process time
5. A suitable process for all kinds of raw material
6. Production of soft and flexible leather

Claims

WE CLAIM
1. An improved chrome tanning process, which comprises: i. treating delimed hide/skin with 0.5 to 1.5% of organic acid in the presence of 40 to 60% water to adjust the pH in the range of 4.8 to 5.8, ii. draining the float and treating the hide/skin, as obtained in step (i), with 0.5 to 2.0% conventional fatliquor for a period in the range of 20 to 60 min, iii. treating hide/skin, as obtained in step (ii), with 5 to 8% of conventional chrome tanning agent, added in one or more instalments, for a period in the range of 240 to 360 min to obtain chrome tanned leather.
2. An improved process, as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the organic acid used is selected from formic acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid either individually or in different combinations.
3. An improved process, as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the conventional fatliquor used is selected from cationic fatliquor, acid stable fatliquor, universal fatliquor, chrome stable fatliquor either individually or in different combinations.
EP17714567.9A 2016-03-16 2017-01-11 Chrome tanning process Active EP3430174B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IN201611009091 2016-03-16
PCT/IN2017/050016 WO2017158617A1 (en) 2016-03-16 2017-01-11 Chrome tanning process

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3430174A1 true EP3430174A1 (en) 2019-01-23
EP3430174B1 EP3430174B1 (en) 2020-05-27

Family

ID=58455375

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP17714567.9A Active EP3430174B1 (en) 2016-03-16 2017-01-11 Chrome tanning process

Country Status (10)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3430174B1 (en)
CN (1) CN109072317B (en)
AR (1) AR105795A1 (en)
BR (1) BR112018068661B1 (en)
ES (1) ES2632994B1 (en)
MX (1) MX2018011207A (en)
PT (1) PT3430174T (en)
TW (1) TW201805434A (en)
WO (1) WO2017158617A1 (en)
ZA (1) ZA201608580B (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DK181171B1 (en) * 2020-12-14 2023-03-22 Ecco Sko As A process of tanning animal hides

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
PT102211B (en) * 1998-10-14 2003-10-31 Ibeji Investimentos E Servicos TREATMENT FOR WATERPROOFING SKINS OF BOVINE ANIMALS DESIGNATEDLY BORN WITH CHROMIUM
US7063728B2 (en) 2002-02-28 2006-06-20 Council Of Scientific & Industrial Research Process for making chrome tanned leathers
BRPI0203260B8 (en) * 2002-08-09 2022-11-29 Rhodia Poliamida E Especialidades Ltda SKIN TANNING PROCESS.
WO2004087967A1 (en) * 2003-04-04 2004-10-14 Tfl Ledertechnick Gmbh Composition comprising chromium salts for tanning
AU2003298467A1 (en) * 2003-12-25 2005-08-11 Council Of Scientific And Industrial Research A process for making leather
WO2012153203A1 (en) 2011-05-10 2012-11-15 Council Of Scientific & Industrial Research Chrome tanning process for leather making reusing exhaust chrome liquor
CN103060488B (en) * 2012-12-26 2014-04-16 四川亭江新材料股份有限公司 Environment-friendly type crust leather production method
CN103146850B (en) * 2013-02-01 2014-06-04 四川大学 Salt-free pickling-free amphoteric polymer chrome-free tanning agent
CN105063253A (en) * 2015-08-10 2015-11-18 四川大学 Salt-free high-chrome-absorption chrome tanning method for animal skin and application of salt-free high-chrome-absorption chrome tanning method

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN109072317A (en) 2018-12-21
ES2632994A1 (en) 2017-09-18
ZA201608580B (en) 2018-05-30
EP3430174B1 (en) 2020-05-27
BR112018068661A2 (en) 2019-05-07
ES2632994B1 (en) 2018-06-28
TW201805434A (en) 2018-02-16
BR112018068661B1 (en) 2023-01-31
CN109072317B (en) 2021-07-02
PT3430174T (en) 2020-08-26
WO2017158617A1 (en) 2017-09-21
AR105795A1 (en) 2017-11-08
MX2018011207A (en) 2019-05-30

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US6708531B1 (en) Ecofriendly bio-process for leather processing
EP2179065B1 (en) Method of preserving hides and skins
Ludvik et al. The scope for decreasing pollution load in leather processing
WO2008093353A1 (en) An improved process for dehairing and fibre opening of hide/skin
EP3430174B1 (en) Chrome tanning process
WO2012153203A1 (en) Chrome tanning process for leather making reusing exhaust chrome liquor
US6957554B2 (en) Dehairing and fiber opening process for complete elimination of lime and sodium sulfide
EP3094754B1 (en) A composition for water free, pickle free chrome tanning of hides/skins
US10047410B2 (en) Methods of preserving hides
US7063728B2 (en) Process for making chrome tanned leathers
EP0495873B1 (en) A method of treating hides
WO2019102487A1 (en) A composition useful for pre-treatment in waterless tanning and corresponding tanning process
EP3645754B1 (en) A process for tanning animal hides
DK3110978T3 (en) Method for tanning animal skins and thus tanned leather
US7651531B2 (en) Bio-tanning process for leather making
Puccini et al. Use of glucose to improve the environmental aspects of chrome tanning process
Radnaeva et al. NEW TECHNOLOGIES FOR PROCESSING RAW MATERIALS IN CONDITIONS OF THE SIBERIA
WO2006067801A1 (en) Bio-tanning process for leather making
AU2003280066A1 (en) A lime-sulphide free dehairing and fibre opening process
PL214036B1 (en) Use of supernatants resulting from precipitation of chromium hydroxide (III) from used tanning baths for pickling leathers
CN110914460A (en) Dispersant composition for tanning and preparation process thereof

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: UNKNOWN

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATION HAS BEEN MADE

PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: REQUEST FOR EXAMINATION WAS MADE

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20180914

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

AX Request for extension of the european patent

Extension state: BA ME

DAV Request for validation of the european patent (deleted)
DAX Request for extension of the european patent (deleted)
STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: EXAMINATION IS IN PROGRESS

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 20190722

GRAP Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: GRANT OF PATENT IS INTENDED

INTG Intention to grant announced

Effective date: 20191017

GRAS Grant fee paid

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3

GRAJ Information related to disapproval of communication of intention to grant by the applicant or resumption of examination proceedings by the epo deleted

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSDIGR1

GRAL Information related to payment of fee for publishing/printing deleted

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSDIGR3

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: EXAMINATION IS IN PROGRESS

INTC Intention to grant announced (deleted)
GRAR Information related to intention to grant a patent recorded

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR71

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: GRANT OF PATENT IS INTENDED

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE PATENT HAS BEEN GRANTED

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

INTG Intention to grant announced

Effective date: 20200421

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: FG4D

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: EP

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: AT

Ref legal event code: REF

Ref document number: 1274615

Country of ref document: AT

Kind code of ref document: T

Effective date: 20200615

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R096

Ref document number: 602017017298

Country of ref document: DE

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: PT

Ref legal event code: SC4A

Ref document number: 3430174

Country of ref document: PT

Date of ref document: 20200826

Kind code of ref document: T

Free format text: AVAILABILITY OF NATIONAL TRANSLATION

Effective date: 20200813

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: NL

Ref legal event code: FP

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: LT

Ref legal event code: MG4D

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20200527

Ref country code: SE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20200527

Ref country code: NO

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20200827

Ref country code: GR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20200828

Ref country code: FI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20200527

Ref country code: IS

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20200927

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: RS

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20200527

Ref country code: LV

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20200527

Ref country code: HR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20200527

Ref country code: BG

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20200827

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: AT

Ref legal event code: MK05

Ref document number: 1274615

Country of ref document: AT

Kind code of ref document: T

Effective date: 20200527

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: AL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20200527

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SM

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20200527

Ref country code: EE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20200527

Ref country code: CZ

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20200527

Ref country code: RO

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20200527

Ref country code: DK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20200527

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20200527

Ref country code: AT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20200527

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: PL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20200527

Ref country code: SK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20200527

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R097

Ref document number: 602017017298

Country of ref document: DE

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 20210114

Year of fee payment: 5

Ref country code: PT

Payment date: 20210106

Year of fee payment: 5

26N No opposition filed

Effective date: 20210302

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20200527

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20210111

Year of fee payment: 5

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 20210113

Year of fee payment: 5

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: MC

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20200527

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20210111

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: BE

Ref legal event code: MM

Effective date: 20210131

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CH

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20210131

Ref country code: LI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20210131

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20210111

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20210131

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R119

Ref document number: 602017017298

Country of ref document: DE

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20220111

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: PT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20220711

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20220111

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20220802

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20220131

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: TR

Payment date: 20230110

Year of fee payment: 7

Ref country code: IT

Payment date: 20230130

Year of fee payment: 7

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CY

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20200527

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Payment date: 20230130

Year of fee payment: 7

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: HU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT; INVALID AB INITIO

Effective date: 20170111

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: MK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20200527

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: NL

Ref legal event code: MM

Effective date: 20240201

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: MT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20200527

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20240201

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20240201

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20240111