EP3359581A1 - Adhésif comprenant des copolymères à blocs, pour l'encapsulation de dispositifs électroniques flexibles, améliorant la protection contre la perméabilité aux gaz - Google Patents
Adhésif comprenant des copolymères à blocs, pour l'encapsulation de dispositifs électroniques flexibles, améliorant la protection contre la perméabilité aux gazInfo
- Publication number
- EP3359581A1 EP3359581A1 EP16788171.3A EP16788171A EP3359581A1 EP 3359581 A1 EP3359581 A1 EP 3359581A1 EP 16788171 A EP16788171 A EP 16788171A EP 3359581 A1 EP3359581 A1 EP 3359581A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- adhesive
- flexible
- copolymer
- substrate
- block
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 121
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 117
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 title description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000012711 adhesive precursor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 54
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 53
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 229920001485 poly(butyl acrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 22
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 22
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- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000004820 Pressure-sensitive adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
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- 238000013086 organic photovoltaic Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
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- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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- 125000004178 (C1-C4) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002799 BoPET Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- WDQMWEYDKDCEHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C(C)=C WDQMWEYDKDCEHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- OMIGHNLMNHATMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxyethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound OCCOC(=O)C=C OMIGHNLMNHATMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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- ANISOHQJBAQUQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N octyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C ANISOHQJBAQUQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000428 triblock copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004400 (C1-C12) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000006273 (C1-C3) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000006552 (C3-C8) cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C=C GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000005250 alkyl acrylate group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
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- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004415 heterocyclylalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940088644 n,n-dimethylacrylamide Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- YLGYACDQVQQZSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethylprop-2-enamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(=O)C=C YLGYACDQVQQZSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000006736 (C6-C20) aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
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- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 claims description 2
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- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
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- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 17
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 16
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- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 11
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- VTKPSXWRUGCOAC-GUBZILKMSA-N Met-Ala-Met Chemical compound CSCC[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@H](C(O)=O)CCSC VTKPSXWRUGCOAC-GUBZILKMSA-N 0.000 description 7
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- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 7
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
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- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 7
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
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- 238000006303 photolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000015843 photosynthesis, light reaction Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000010526 radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Abietic-Saeure Natural products C12CCC(C(C)C)=CC2=CCC2C1(C)CCCC2(C)C(O)=O RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000005033 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 5
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N Rosin Natural products O(C/C=C/c1ccccc1)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N 0.000 description 5
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- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-cinnamyl beta-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000000870 ultraviolet spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001157 Fourier transform infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 description 4
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000005262 alkoxyamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 4
- QHMQWEPBXSHHLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur tetrafluoride Chemical compound FS(F)(F)F QHMQWEPBXSHHLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HORQAOAYAYGIBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine Chemical compound NNC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O HORQAOAYAYGIBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 208000004434 Calcinosis Diseases 0.000 description 3
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical class O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical class OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000001782 photodegradation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013082 photovoltaic technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005498 phthalate group Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001495 poly(sodium acrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001467 poly(styrenesulfonates) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012643 polycondensation polymerization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003097 polyterpenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- BOQSSGDQNWEFSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-yl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=O)C(C)=C BOQSSGDQNWEFSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007870 radical polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007151 ring opening polymerisation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium polyacrylate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C=C NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 210000004872 soft tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000010129 solution processing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229940059867 sulfur containing product ectoparasiticides Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- SJMYWORNLPSJQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OC(C)(C)C SJMYWORNLPSJQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004634 thermosetting polymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J153/00—Adhesives based on block copolymers containing at least one sequence of a polymer obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F293/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerisation on to a macromolecule having groups capable of inducing the formation of new polymer chains bound exclusively at one or both ends of the starting macromolecule
- C08F293/005—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerisation on to a macromolecule having groups capable of inducing the formation of new polymer chains bound exclusively at one or both ends of the starting macromolecule using free radical "living" or "controlled" polymerisation, e.g. using a complexing agent
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K30/00—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation
- H10K30/80—Constructional details
- H10K30/88—Passivation; Containers; Encapsulations
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K30/00—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation
- H10K30/50—Photovoltaic [PV] devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/10—Organic polymers or oligomers
- H10K85/111—Organic polymers or oligomers comprising aromatic, heteroaromatic, or aryl chains, e.g. polyaniline, polyphenylene or polyphenylene vinylene
- H10K85/113—Heteroaromatic compounds comprising sulfur or selene, e.g. polythiophene
- H10K85/1135—Polyethylene dioxythiophene [PEDOT]; Derivatives thereof
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/549—Organic PV cells
Definitions
- the field of the invention is that of 1 encapsulation of this type of modules and electronic or optoelectronic devices, to protect them against the permeation of gases and in particular water vapor and oxygen.
- barrier films that are not very permeable to gases, in particular to water vapor and oxygen, and which must be at least as flexible as the electronic device that they protect in order not to become a factor limiting the flexion thereof, or which must have a controlled flexibility when for example encapsulation is used to knowingly limit the radius of curvature of the device (and thus prevent its damage).
- the photovoltaic panels for the most widespread electricity production currently contain photovoltaic cells based on single or multi-crystalline silicon, which are therefore relatively rigid and fragile and do not support bending or large radius bending.
- these cells are interconnected electrically by conductive metal ribbons thus forming garlands of photovoltaic cells.
- These garlands are embedded in an adhesive encapsulating material, and protected, including against the orthogonal permeation of the gases, by a front protective sheet (or front face (FAV)) and by a protective sheet on the back of the module (or rear face (FAR)), which are each arranged against each side of the encapsulant.
- the assembling of the modules and the protective sheets is carried out by hot rolling and crosslinking of the encapsulant enclosing the cells.
- the encapsulant, the front and rear faces must have particular properties to provide effective protection against orthogonal gas permeation.
- the encapsulant is generally constituted by a thick solid polymer film generally based on ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) (or other) of a thickness generally greater than a few hundred microns in order to achieve an optimal coating of the cells, and
- EVA ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer
- the front face is made of glass which offers excellent protection against the orthogonal permeation of gases and moisture, good impact protection, good resistance to aging, good transparency but has a significant weight due to its typical thickness of the order of 3 mm
- the rear face is generally constituted by a multi-layer structure containing polyethylene terephthalate (PET) between two layers based on a fluorinated polymer such as polyvinyl fluoride (PVF) or the poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and provides a much less protective cells against orthogonal gas permeation than the glass front, but provides electrical insulation of cells, blocking UV radiation, among others.
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- backing surfaces based on polymers other than fluoropolymers have developed and in some cases even the PET layer has been replaced by other polymers, without this changing the problem of the slightest problem. performance in terms of protection against the orthogonal permeation of gases, of these backs multi-layer polymers, compared to glass.
- the material constituting the film or polymer plate that can be used as a replacement for glass on the front face of a module does not exhibit flexible character within the assembly achieved although it may intrinsically have some flexibility.
- This lack of flexibility of the film or protective polymer plate and / or the encapsulant in the assembled assembly is however not problematic in the context of the protection of cells based on single or multi-crystalline silicon since these are not intended to be used in bending because of their intrinsic fragility and rigidity. Protection against lateral permeation in conventional photovoltaic modules based on crystalline silicon
- organic photovoltaic devices represent a particularly interesting alternative.
- These devices use organic molecules and polymers as a semiconductor material in place of silicon and include a thin, non-brittle (few hundred nanometers thick) active layer that is deposited on a polymeric substrate, allowing it to be flexible and to be shaped by rolling at low temperature.
- the gas barrier film is composed of a polymer substrate on which a gas barrier structure is deposited.
- this barrier structure (of a few microns at most, thickness) is to improve the barrier properties of the polymer substrate; the latter being indeed insufficient to protect sensitive devices such as organic electronic devices, gas permeation.
- polymeric films have gas permeabilities, often expressed in terms of permeation flux or WVTR
- the flexible and transparent barrier structures deposited on a device to be protected and corresponding to the defined requirements may be very variable in nature but the most effective of them preferably comprise one or more dense inorganic layers, generally consisting of a metal oxide such as the SiOx, AlOx, Zn / SnOx, etc.), with a typical thickness of a few hundred nanometers.
- a metal oxide such as the SiOx, AlOx, Zn / SnOx, etc.
- the barrier film In order to implement the encapsulation of the device, it is necessary to roll on both sides of the device deposited on the polymer substrate, the barrier film via an adhesive that ensures cohesion with the device.
- FIG. 1 A block diagram of a device resting on a plastic support and encapsulated by lamination of a barrier film is shown in FIG.
- the gases of the atmosphere whose protection is sought water, mainly oxygen
- water mainly oxygen
- lateral permeation process in the plane of the module: through the adhesive from its peripheral free edge, and at the interfaces between the adhesive and the barrier structure.
- the intrinsic barrier properties of the adhesive due to its chemical nature and the application process: These intrinsic properties will largely determine the level of lateral permeation that the adhesive will have.
- the thickness of the adhesive the flow of gas reaching the device from the mass of the adhesive (bulk) will indeed be proportional to the exchange surface with the atmosphere (and therefore to the thickness of adhesive) (permeation laws or Fick laws)
- Interfaces between the adhesive and the barrier film weak interfaces, due to low adhesion energy, are a preferred route of passage for atmospheric gases
- the defects of the adhesive layer if the device has a strong topology (multilayer structures plus, possibly, output connectors), it is important that the layer of adhesive planarise the device correctly in order not to create pathways passing unobstructed atmosphere gases through the adhesive.
- the adhesives used preferentially are of the epoxy family, widely known to the general public and to those skilled in the art and are combined with metal oxide type moisture absorbers.
- epoxy adhesives also have disadvantages in the field of the invention because of their poor resistance to aging outdoors, because of photochemical attacks that light, oxygen and moisture can cause their chemical structure.
- US2015041042 relates to the use of a pressure-sensitive adhesive (acronym in English PSA) to improve the solar energy accumulation efficiency of a solar energy storage device such as a solar cell, a solar panel, or a photovoltaic device, in order to improve the efficiency of the device.
- a pressure-sensitive adhesive ascronym in English PSA
- US2015047693 relates to various methods of manufacturing commercial aircraft fuselage surfaces generating electricity from organic photovoltaic devices. More particularly, this document relates to a method of manufacturing commercial aircraft fuselage curved surfaces generating electricity, said method comprising the step of laminating organic photovoltaic films of high flexibility. Certain embodiments having high throughput and low cost manufacturing provide cost effective production.
- the aim of the invention is to provide an adhesive capable of improving the lateral gas permeation protection of flexible electronic devices encapsulated between two protective sheets or between two multilayer barrier structures, while maintaining their flexibility and integrity during the encapsulation process. and in time. Presentation of the invention
- the invention relates to the development of an adhesive formulation allowing a significant improvement in the lateral permeation properties of the encapsulation of an electronic device while offering the possibility of maximally retaining the flexibility properties of this device when is provided.
- the invention relates to a method of encapsulation of a flexible electronic device with at least one flexible sheet for protection against permeation orthogonal to the gas, by means of a gas side permeation protection adhesive, the method comprising: - a step of applying a precursor protective adhesive against the lateral gas permeation, on the surface of the device and / or the substrate and / or on the surface of the flexible gas barrier sheet, the adhesive precursor comprising at least one acrylic block copolymer having the properties of pressure sensitive adhesive diluted in a solvent, a solvent evaporation step, a step of laminating the adhesive precursor interposed between the substrate and the protective sheet by which the gas side permeation protection adhesive is obtained.
- the method according to the invention may have one and / or the other of the following characteristics:
- the copolymer comprises:
- the copolymer is a triblock copolymer with rigid blocks / flexible block / rigid block.
- the flexible block (B) contains:
- the rigid block (A) comprises or consists of monomeric units derived from methyl methacrylate monomers
- the rigid block (A) further comprises at least one dialkylacrylamide monomer whose linear or branched alkyl groups independently contain from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, such as N, N-dimethylacrylamide,
- the copolymer is a block copolymer of poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) / n-butyl polyacrylate (PBA) / poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA),
- the weight percentage of poly (n-butyl acrylate) (B) is between 60 and 90%
- the copolymer has a microscopic structure of nodules of the rigid block (A) in a flexible block matrix (M75, M85) or a vermiform microscopic structure (M65), the adhesive precursor further comprises at least one tackifying resin and / or an additive chosen from a plasticizer, a filler, a stabilizer and their mixtures,
- the method comprises, after the rolling step, a step of annealing the adhesive formed between the substrate and the protective film, at a temperature of between 80 and 200 ° C., preferably between 120 and 150 ° C during an annealing period of between 1 and 30 min, preferably between 5 and 15 min,
- the adhesive precursor further comprises nanoparticles capable of having a water permeation decreasing effect in a content preferably of between 3 and 20% by weight,
- the nanoparticles comprise nanoparticles having a lamellar structure defining layers having a size of less than or equal to 20 microns, preferably less than or equal to 10 microns, preferably less than or equal to 6 microns; and / or are spherical and have an average diameter less than or equal to 1 micron, preferably less than or equal to 300 nm, preferably less than or equal to 100 nm, preferably less than or equal to 60 nm,
- the method comprises a preliminary step of ultrasonic loading of the adhesive precursor for 15 to 30 minutes before its application to the substrate and / or the protective sheet,
- the step of evaporation of the solvent for diluting the adhesive is carried out at a temperature of between 20 ° C. and the boiling point of the dilution solvent, preferably at a temperature of between 30 ° C. and 120 ° C., and more preferably at a temperature between the boiling point of the diluting solvent minus 20% and the boiling temperature of the diluting solvent,
- the method optionally comprises a step of preparing the substrate prior to application of the adhesive precursor or before the rolling step, comprising a surface treatment of the substrate by a discharge type
- the substrate is polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and / or the protective film is a barrier film consisting of a 25 micron PET stack film, an inorganic gas barrier layer, an adhesive, a protective layer thin inorganic gas barrier, PET,
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- the invention also relates to a use of the adhesive precursor defined above for the encapsulation of a flexible electronic device by at least one protective sheet, the adhesive precursor being applied to the electronic device and / or the substrate on which this electronic device is mounted, and / or on the protective sheet.
- the invention also relates to a flexible electronic assembly comprising:
- the flexible gas protection sheet comprises a multilayer gas barrier structure, and / or a polymer layer having a thickness of less than or equal to 150 microns
- the electronic device is an organic photovoltaic module, an organic electronic device or a thin film solar device. Description of figures
- FIG. 1 schematically represents a known configuration of flexible encapsulation of a flexible electronic component D, comprising two barrier films B and an adhesive layer A.
- FIG. 3 shows images of OPV cells encapsulated after aging ISOS-D-3, for the diagrams encapsulation (a) direct, (b) open electrode and (c) ribbon,
- Figure 4 shows the possible scheme of an M-A-M block copolymer (or MAM) with blocks of light gray poly (methyl methacrylate) and dark gray poly (n-butyl acrylate),
- FIG. 5 shows atomic force microscope (French acronym AFM) images in intermittent contact mode known as "tapping" for (a) M65, (b) M75 and (c) M85, in height (top) and phase (bottom) .
- the images cover an area of 5 ⁇ x 5 ⁇ . It can be seen that M75 and M85 have rigid PMMA spheres in a flexible PBA matrix. The decrease in PMMA content in M85 leads to a decrease in PMMA domains.
- M65 shows a very different morphology consistent with a vermiform structure.
- Figure 6 shows the dynamic mechanical analysis curves, DMTA for (a) M65, (b) M75 and (c) M85.
- An overlay (d) of the curves of the conservation modules (named storage module in the figures) of the three adhesives makes it possible to compare them. The tests were all conducted with a temperature ramp of 3 ° C / min, a fixed frequency of 1Hz, and a fixed maximum deformation of 0.1%.
- Figure 7 shows adhesion results following a peel test ("T" peel) for samples using PET substrates of 50 ⁇ m thickness. Rolling was carried out using two substrates coated with adhesive, and the test carried out at least 3 days after the operation. The values in parentheses are the standard deviation. The type of break observed is as follows: adhesive-adhesive break in the adhesive-free interface for all non-annealed samples (first row of the table) as well as for the M65 sample which has undergone annealing, adhesive-substrate interface adhesive failure for the annealed M65 and M75 samples, and cohesive failure in the annealed M75 sample adhesive.
- Figure 8 shows the average adhesion strength in peeling test to M75, with different post annealing ⁇ rolling on PET substrates 50 ⁇ , rinsed with isopropyl alcohol (IPA acronym in English). Annealing was all done on a hot plate, except for samples placed overnight in an oven. The samples had a total adhesive thickness of about 50 ⁇ , although some had a single layer of adhesive (substrate coated with uncoated substrate-substrate), while others had two thinner layers of adhesive ( substrate coated with adhesive-substrate coated with adhesive).
- IPA isopropyl alcohol
- FIG. 9 shows the peel test adhesion results of the samples with a total adhesive thickness of 50 ⁇ and 50 ⁇ PET substrates. Rolling was performed using an adhesive coated substrate and an uncoated substrate, and the test was carried out at least 3 days after the operation. The values in parentheses are the standard deviation. The type of break observed is as follows: an adhesive break at the adhesive-adhesive interface for the M65 sample, an adhesive-substrate interface adhesive failure for the M65 and M75 samples, and a cohesive failure in the adhesive for the M85 sample. * Values with 2 layers of adhesive, with a combined thickness of 50 ⁇ , are shown to be compared with M65, which was too rigid to measure a single layer.
- Figure 9BIS shows the adhesion strength in peel test of several adhesives, with the standard deviation in parentheses. Samples all had one layer single adhesive with a thickness of about 50-70 ⁇ . The type of break observed is as follows: an adhesive-adhesive interface rupture for the M65 sample on PET, an adhesive-substrate interface adhesive break for all the samples tested except for M85 on PET, a cohesive rupture in the adhesive for M85 samples on PET and Oike VX 25T-2PO. * Values with 2 layers of adhesive, with a combined thickness of 50 ⁇ , are shown to be compared with M65, which was too rigid to measure a single layer.
- FIG. 10 shows a UV-Vis spectroscopy curve using a standard detector, made on a PET film with a thickness of 50 ⁇ m and on a PET film carrying a coating of M85, with a thickness of 50 ⁇ m.
- M85 sample the surface of the PET was facing the laser source, so that the reflection was identical for all the samples.
- Figure 11 shows a plot of the apparent mean lateral permeation rate, as measured by the modified optical calcium test, for MAM block copolymer adhesives. Values were all normalized to 45mm X 45mm calcium deposits to account for slight differences between samples.
- Figure 12 shows a plot of the apparent mean lateral permeation rate, as measured by the modified optical calcium test, for several adhesives. Values were all normalized to 45mm X 45mm calcium deposits to account for slight differences between samples. Error bars represent a standard deviation.
- FIG. 13 (a) shows the MFI FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Acronym) spectra after various aging times in a SEPAP 12/24 chamber during the photon test. oxidation.
- the optical density at (b) 1790cm-1, (c) 3260cm-1, and (d) 3525cm-1 is plotted as a function of the duration of aging, during the photo-oxidation test, to
- Figure 14 (a) shows the FTIR spectra of M85 after the photo-oxidation test, for different treatment times with sulfur tetrafluoride, SF4.
- Figure 14 (b) shows the FTIR spectra of M85 after the photo-oxidation test, before and after treatment with dinitrophenyl hydrazine, DNPH.
- the appearance of bands at 1595 cm -1 and 1620 cm -1 indicates the presence of aldehydes and / or ketones in the photo-oxidation products.
- Figure 15 shows the FTIR spectra of M85, after different aging times, during the photolysis assay.
- Figure 16 shows the UV-Vis spectra for M85 after different aging times for (a) the photo-oxidation test and (b) the photolysis assay.
- (meth) acrylic refers to any type of acrylic or methacrylic monomers.
- PMMA as used to designate one of the polymers that may constitute one of the blocks of the block copolymer according to the invention, relates to homopolymers and copolymers of methyl methacrylate (MMA), the ratio of the weight of MMA in the PMMA being at least 50%, preferably at least 55%, more preferably at least 70% by weight for the MMA copolymer.
- MMA methyl methacrylate
- oligomer refers to a molecule of molar mass greater than 300 g / mol, which can undergo polymerization.
- polymerization refers to the process of converting a monomer or mixture of monomers into a polymer.
- thermoplastic polymer refers to a polymer that turns into a liquid or becomes more liquid or less viscous when heated and can take on new forms through the application of heat and pressure.
- thermosetting polymer refers to a prepolymer in a soft, solid or viscous state that irreversibly transforms into an insoluble and infusible polymer network by crosslinking.
- cross-linking refers to the chemical process of bonding molecules together to form a three-dimensional network.
- initiator refers to a chemical species that reacts with a monomer to form an intermediate compound capable of successfully binding to a large number of other monomers or other intermediate compounds. to form a polymer compound. If the monomers have a sufficient number of reactive functions, for example if the average functionality of at least a portion of the monomers is greater than or equal to two, a crosslinked system can be obtained.
- the term "flexible” is to be understood as the faculty of a material, because of its intrinsic properties and / or its small thickness to bend, bend, bend easily.
- the adhesive layer used and the protective film may advantageously have, by virtue of their mechanical properties (low rigidity) and / or their thickness, a flexibility equal to or greater than that of the flexible substrate on which the flexible electronic element is deposited (possibly organic), typically a PET substrate of 10 to 250 microns thick.
- the substrate, the adhesive layer used and the protective sheet may be deformed to have a radius of curvature of 10 cm without undergoing structural or functional degradation.
- extra-fine particles is to be understood as particles having in at least one direction an average length less than or equal to 20 microns, preferably 10 microns, preferably 6 microns, preferably 1 micron, of preferably at 300 nm, preferably at 100 nm; being greater than or equal to 10 nm, preferably 30 nm. These particles can be in different forms (spherical, cubic, parallelepipedic, lamellar).
- nanoparticles comprise nanoparticles having a lamellar structure, such as phyllosilicates, preferably Cloisite® 10A and / or Cloisite® 15A, defining layers having a size of less than or equal to 20 microns, preferably less than or equal to 10 microns, preferably, less than or equal to 6 microns; and / or are spherical and have an average diameter less than or equal to 1 micron, preferably less than or equal to 300 nm, preferably less than or equal to 100 nm, preferably less than or equal to 60 nm, such as natural synthetic zeolites and / or artificial, preferably zeolites of structure Linde Type L (LTL); and / or are extra-fine particles of an absorbent material, such as particles of crosslinked sodium polyacrylate, for example of sizes less than 100 microns, preferably 10 microns, preferably 1 micron, preferably 500 nm, preferably at 50 nm.
- ambient temperature means the temperature of 25 °, unless it is explicitly stated from its use in the text it designates of a different temperature.
- flexible electronic assembly means an assembly including a flexible electronic device comprising an electronic element (of electronic polymer or thin film device type) possibly mounted on a flexible substrate, and protected from gas permeation by at least one sheet of protection against gas permeation. The flexible assembly can be deformed to have a radius of curvature of 10 cm without undergoing structural or functional degradation.
- copolymer compatible with the substrate or the electronic device is understood to mean a copolymer which does not alter or slightly (less than 20%, preferably 10%, preferably 5%) the operation of the device (for example the conversion efficiency for a photovoltaic cell).
- the copolymers according to the invention are chosen compatible with the electronic device.
- Flexible devices encapsulable using the encapsulation method according to the invention include organic photovoltaic devices.
- the invention applies to other flexible electronic devices such as:
- Organic electronic devices of OLED organic light-emitting diode type for example on a flexible support organic thin-film transistors (French acronym: TOCM, acronym: TFOT) made for example on flexible support CIGS-type thin-film solar devices for "copper, indium, gallium selenide” and which refers to both a technique for developing photovoltaic cells (inorganic thin films and high performance) and the semiconductor material made of an alloy for making these cells
- FIG. 1 represents a known configuration of flexible encapsulation of a flexible electronic device or component, comprising two barrier films B, positioned on either side of the component D, and an adhesive A making it possible to maintain the barrier films on the component and encapsulate it laterally.
- the term "encapsulation scheme" refers to the set of elements deployed to isolate the component from oxygen and water present in the environment, generally in the form of vapor.
- the adhesive obtained according to the invention can be used to secure the flexible electronic device, protective sheets particularly suitable for flexible electronic devices.
- An example of this type of sheet is a multilayer structure comprising a substrate and a first stack of a layer of SiO 2 and a layer of SiO x N y H z material disposed between the substrate and the SiO 2 layer such that described in patent application WO2013 / 045393, or WO2013 / 140101.
- the pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA) used according to the invention for the encapsulation of flexible electronic devices comprises a block tribloc acrylic block copolymer, preferably including the following block: rigid block (preferably PMMA polymethyl methacrylate). ) - flexible block (preferably poly (n- butyl acrylate: PBA) - rigid block (preferably PMMA) as schematically shown in FIG. 4.
- PBA poly (n- butyl acrylate: PBA)
- PMMA poly (n- butyl acrylate: PMMA) as schematically shown in FIG. 4.
- the weight percentages of PBA are 65, 75 or 85% and these preferred examples are respectively named M65, M75 and M85 with reference to their weight contents in PBA.
- copolymers that may be suitable for formulating the adhesive according to the invention are given at the end of the description. These adhesives are particularly suitable for
- MXX block copolymer adhesives are not available as homogeneous films but as loose granules.
- the preparation of an adhesive precursor has been necessary and made possible in particular thanks to the thermoplastic nature of these adhesives. This preparation was also advantageous because it made it possible to easily mix the granules with nanoparticles or ultrafine particles of zeolite or phyllosilicate type.
- Adhesive solutions of this type have been created by magnetic stirring of the adhesive granules as available, in the presence of an organic solvent (acetone or toluene), for the purpose of applying the adhesive precursor to the flexible substrate and / or the flexible electronic module to be protected and / or the protective sheet.
- an organic solvent acetone or toluene
- the rapid rate of evaporation of acetone leads to problems under certain conditions, which has favored the use of toluene as a solvent.
- the rapid rate of evaporation of acetone under ambient conditions also caused rapid cooling of the precursor, which was often sufficient to cause condensation of water vapor from the atmosphere on the applied adhesive precursor layer. and / or on the substrate, when the ambient temperature is above 25 ° C or the degree of humidity is particularly high. Heating the substrate to avoid this cooling causes the formation of bubbles and / or undesirable inhomogeneities.
- extra fine particles are incorporated in this PSA block copolymer precursor in order to obtain a composite PSA copolymer-ultrafine particles, liquid or viscous adhesive mixture.
- M65 presents a structure that could be described as vermiform with reference to the somewhat tortuous elongated form of each stratum pronounced of a worm, in a non-rectilinear two-phase bicontinuous appearance structure.
- Tg glass transition temperature
- Oike barrier film consists of the following multilayer: PET 25 micron / gas barrier layer / Adhesive / gas / PET barrier layer.
- the barrier layer gas is an inorganic thin layer with a thickness of the order of 100 nm.
- the film used is known under the reference VX-25T-2PO sold by the company Oike.
- WVTR is 3.10-4 gm ⁇ 2 .j _1 according to the technical data sheet of this product.
- FIG. 9 shows the results of these tests and, because of the experimental conditions selected, these values are those closest to the other adhesives used in the present invention.
- mechanical analysis DMTA M65 and M75 revealed similar performance in the adhesion test, while M85 gave different results.
- the higher PBA fraction and micellar morphology provide more PBA at the surface, allowing for a more pronounced PSA character.
- M65 the stiffest of the three adhesives, lacking micellar morphology, was prone to stick-slip failure during the adhesion test. This type of failure occurs when the adhesive can not sufficiently dissipate stresses resulting in a rapid breakage of the adhesive over a large area (slip), as soon as this energy at the interface exceeds a critical value (gluing). Since the dissipation of energy depends on the volume of material, thinner adhesives are more likely to exhibit this type of behavior. This means that M65 was close to the limit of the minimum thickness that can be used for the peel adhesion test, but does not necessarily indicate insufficient adhesion. Transparency
- Transparency is also an important property for an adhesive in the optical path of a device, since any loss of light transmission directly results in a loss of power conversion efficiency of the solar cell. Therefore, UV-Vis spectroscopy was also performed on the adhesives.
- MAM adhesives were very transparent and practically did not result in any loss of transmission compared to PET film.
- Figure 10 shows an example of a 50 ⁇ layer of M85, applied to a PET substrate, having a transmission almost identical to a PET film without adhesive. This thickness of adhesive has been used since it corresponds well to that of the adhesive placed between the device and the barrier film, in a flexible encapsulation scheme. Thanks to this high transparency, these adhesives are ideal for optical clarity. Characterization of barrier properties to gases and / or water vapor
- the water vapor barrier properties were characterized by an optical calcium test. This test uses a metal calcium deposit on a polymeric substrate that simulates a device. This calcium specimen is then laminated between two clear barrier films and the adhesive to obtain the following structure: barrier film - adhesive - adhesive calcium specimen - barrier film.
- extra-fine particles a phyllosilicates-type lamellar structure defining layers of a size less than or equal to 20 microns, and / or a structure of substantially spherical particles and having an average diameter less than or equal to 1 micron, preferably less than or equal to 300 nm, preferably less than or equal to 100 nm, preferably less than or equal to 60 nm, or such that zeolite-type active scavengers with a mean size of between 30 and 60 nm) makes it possible to reduce significant (greater than 50%) of the lateral permeation of these samples, with no real effect on the other properties.
- extra-fine particles a phyllosilicates-type lamellar structure defining layers of a size less than or equal to 20 microns, and / or a structure of substantially spherical particles and having an average diameter less than or equal to 1 micron, preferably less than or equal to 300 nm, preferably less than or equal to 100 n
- the samples in this study used Oike VX 25T-2PO barrier films sonicated in the IPA before bonding. Adhesives were applied to these films from a toluene solution and annealed at 130 ° C prior to testing. The variation of some test conditions could be due to the formation of voids and bubbles in the adhesive, leading to an increase in the lateral permeation rate.
- FIG. 2 illustrates the exact architecture of the cells with the image of a complete device before encapsulation.
- the cells consisted of: a 17 mm ⁇ 25 mm ⁇ 175 ⁇ PET substrate with a transparent conductive oxide (TCO) on a surface; gold coated chromium plaques were then sequentially deposited by physical vapor deposition by evaporation, at the ends of the substrates, to allow contact of the electrodes upon measurement of the terminated cell;
- the electron transport layer (acronym in English ETL) consisted of zinc oxide nanoparticles coated by centrifugal deposition in an ambient atmosphere, from a suspension in ethanol; the active layer had a heterojunction structure of poly (3-hexylthiopene) (P3HT) as an absorber and a methyl ester of C61 butyric phenyl (PCBM) as electron acceptor; this active layer was applied by centrifugal deposition on the ETL, from a solution in
- the hole transport layer (acronym in English HTL), consisting of poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) mixed with poly (styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT: PSS), was deposited by centrifugation on the active layer in the air, from a solution aqueous; a lower silver electrode was finally applied by physical vapor deposition by evaporation, so as to create two cells per substrate.
- the cells were then measured by J-V characterization (current density - voltage) and stored inside a glove box in an inert atmosphere. Only cells with good performance in J-V characterization were used in encapsulation studies.
- One solution to the problem was to completely encapsulate the cells without wires or electrical connections.
- the barrier film can be opened by cutting it on the electrodes.
- a 3M Charge-Collecting Interconnect Ribbon Solar Tape 3307 was placed on the electrodes before encapsulation. This destructive process implies that each device can only be measured once after encapsulation, eliminating the possibility of subsequently measuring encapsulated cells and monitoring aging. a single cell at predetermined time intervals. This scheme will now be referred to as "direct" encapsulation.
- Another solution to avoid the son of exit is to leave the electrodes unencapsulated.
- This scheme allows repeated and easy measurement of the cells, but also less to monitor the distances between the edge of the encapsulation and the cell. This may also lead to the exposure of the PEDOT: PSS hygroscopic layer to air in some regions outside the encapsulation, providing a potential path for permeation of the water vapor.
- This scheme will now be referred to as "open electrode" encapsulation.
- a final encapsulation scheme used in the present invention, consists of a 3M Charge-Collecting Solar Tape 3307 interconnect ribbon, for connecting the two cells in parallel, then out of encapsulation.
- This scheme provides good control of the distances between the edge of the encapsulation and the cell, and allows for repeated and easy measurement of the cells, even if this causes a problem of output of electrical connections of the encapsulation, mentioned above.
- This scheme shown in Figure 3c, will be referred to as "ribbon" encapsulation.
- Adhesives M65, M75 and M85 excel in several key areas, important for device encapsulation materials, including flexible OPV devices: excellent transparency, in visible and ultraviolet wavelengths -A, strong adhesion to barrier films flexible and compatible with solution processing techniques and roll-to-roll manufacturing. These materials also have a very good photostability, in particular in photolysis where the irradiations are carried out in the absence of molecular oxygen. In photo ⁇ oxidation, a deterioration of the PBA block has been observed, the adhesives becoming slightly more rigid after aging, although this increase in rigidity is not sufficient to affect their use as a flexible encapsulation material. With respect to protection against lateral water permeation, vermiform morphology appears slightly less permeable than PMMA nodules in a PBA matrix.
- Copolymer formulations which can also serve as a basis for the preparation of adhesive precursors according to the invention
- the block copolymer of the invention comprises:
- rigid block in the sense of the present invention a block for which the Tg is greater than the ambient temperature of at least 20 ° C.
- Tg refers to the glass transition temperature of a polymer, which can for example be measured by DSC according to ASTM E1356.
- Tg the glass transition temperature of a polymer
- Mn number average molecular weight
- the block copolymer is composed of a central block B of Tg ⁇ 0 ° C and at least two rigid lateral blocks A and A 'of Tg> 40 ° C.
- a block copolymer is a copolymer consisting of adjacent blocks that are constitutionally different, that is, blocks with derived units. different monomers or monomers, but according to a composition or a sequential distribution or a different spatial pattern patterns.
- a block copolymer may for example be a diblock, triblock or star copolymer.
- the block copolymer is for example a triblock copolymer ABA 'comprising a flexible central block B connected by covalent bonds to two rigid lateral blocks A and A' (that is to say arranged on each side of the central block B).
- AT and A ' may be the same or different (this type of copolymer is sometimes also noted AbBb-A' or simply ABA ').
- the block copolymer is such that the rigid block (s) side and block B are incompatible, that is to say they have an interaction parameter of Flory-Huggins XAB> 0 at room temperature.
- the block copolymer is then nanostructured, that is to say that domains are formed whose size is less than 100 nm, preferably between 10 and 50 nm.
- the nanostructuration has the advantage of leading to a very transparent material whatever the temperature.
- the block copolymer can be obtained using polymerization techniques known to those skilled in the art.
- One of these polymerization techniques may be anionic polymerization as it is for example taught in the following documents FR 2762604, FR 2761997 and FR 2761995. It may also be the controlled radical polymerization technique which comprises several variants depending on the nature of the control agent that is used.
- SFRP Stable Free Radical Polymerization
- NMP Nitroxide Mediated Polymerization
- ATRP Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization
- RAFT Reversible Addition Fragmentation Transfer
- oligomer polycondensation or ring opening polymerization techniques may be employed.
- the central block B is first prepared by polymerizing with the alkoxyamine the monomer mixture leading to the central block which can be described according to the notation employed above as TBZBT.
- the polymerization takes place with or without a solvent or in a dispersed medium.
- the mixture is heated to a temperature above the activation temperature of the alkoxyamine.
- the monomer (s) leading to the side blocks is added.
- the central block B With respect to the central block B, it has a Tg ⁇ 0 ° C.
- the number-average molecular mass Mn is between 5000 and 1000000 g / mol, preferably between 10000 and 50000 g / mol (relative to a PMMA standard).
- the proportion by weight of the central block B in the block copolymer is between 5 and 90%.
- these With respect to the side blocks A and A ', these have a Tg> 40 ° C.
- the copolymer of the invention may be functionalized with monomers carrying associative groups introduced during the copolymerization; it can also be grafted with associative groups after the polymerization step.
- the copolymer of the invention gives the adhesive compositions of which it forms a very good cohesive and adhesive behavior as a function of temperature.
- a block copolymer suitable for carrying out the invention comprises:
- At least one block A consisting of monomers containing:
- R 1 is a linear or branched C 1 -C 3 alkyl group, a C 4 branched group, a C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl group or a C 6 aryl group; -C2o, a C7-C30 arylalkyl group containing a C1-C4 alkyl group, a heterocyclic group or a heterocyclylalkyl group containing a C1-C4 alkyl group, these groups being optionally substituted with one or more identical or different groups selected from hydroxyl and halogen groups, and / or (ii) at least one styrenic monomer, such as styrene, optionally hydrogenated, and
- block copolymer is meant according to the invention a linear block copolymer or star or, by extension, a gradient copolymer.
- This copolymer is considered as an individual entity, in self-supported form, and not as a grafted structure on another (co) polymer such as the bark of a core-bark system conventionally used as an anti-shock agent .
- the molecular weights of the polystyrene equivalent copolymer are between 25,000 and 200,000 g / mol for Mn (number-average molecular weight) and between 50,000 and 400,000 g / mol for Mw (weight average molecular weight). .
- the molecular weights of the polystyrene equivalent copolymer are between 50,000 and 150,000 g / mol for Mn (number-average molecular weight) and between 100,000 and 300,000 g / mol for Mw (average molecular weight). weight).
- the block copolymer of the A block according to 1 x invention preferably has a glass transition temperature above 40 ° C. It may for example comprise at least one monomer chosen from: styrene and alfa methyl styrene, optionally hydrogenated, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, propyl or isopropyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, tert-butyl methacrylate or mixtures thereof.
- the block A comprises, or even consists mainly, of styrene monomer units.
- the block A comprises, or is predominantly constituted by methyl methacrylate monomer units.
- the block A comprises, in addition to methacrylate or styrene, at least one dialkylacrylamide monomer whose linear or branched alkyl groups independently contain from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, such as N, N- dimethylacrylamide.
- the block B preferably has a glass transition temperature of less than 0 ° C. and more preferably of not more than -10 ° C.
- Block B may thus comprise at least one monomer chosen from n-butyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate and n-octyl acrylate. butadiene, isoprene or other diene monomer, and mixtures thereof.
- the block B comprises, or is mainly composed of monomers n-butyl acrylate and / or 2-ethylhexyl acrylate and optionally, less preferably, hydroxyethyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, n-octyl acrylate or mixtures thereof.
- the block B comprises or is mainly composed of diene monomers, such as butadiene and / or isoprene. These monomers can be hydrogenated after the polymerization.
- a particularly preferred example of a block copolymer according to the invention is a copolymer based on poly (methyl methacrylate) / poly (n-butyl acrylate) / poly (methyl methacrylate) blocks, a preparation example of which is detailed herein. -Dessous.
- a polymerization reactor equipped with a variable speed stirring motor, inputs for the introduction of reagents, taps for the introduction of inert gases for the removal of oxygen, temperature measuring probes , a vapor condensation system with reflux, a double jacket for heating / cooling the reactor contents through the circulation therein of a coolant, is introduced 146 g of butyl acrylate, 7.68 g of methacrylic acid and 3, 93 g of the aforementioned Blocbuilder®. After several degassings with nitrogen, the reaction medium is brought to 115 ° C. and this temperature is maintained by thermal regulation for several hours.
- Samples are taken throughout the reaction in order to: determine the kinetics of gravimetric polymerization (measurement of solids), monitor the evolution of the number-average molecular mass (Mn) as a function of the conversion of monomer to polymer .
- the reaction medium is cooled to 60 ° C. and the residual butyl acrylate is removed by evaporation under vacuum.
- the molecular weights of poly (n-butyl acrylate) in polystyrene equivalents are 49,090 g / mole for Mp (peak molecular weight), 090 g / mole for Mn (number average molecular weight) and 49,830 g / mole for Mw (weight average molecular weight).
- the molecular weights of the polystyrene equivalent copolymer are 139,800 g / mol for Mn (number average molecular weight) and 285,192 g / mol for Mw (weight average molecular weight).
- the polydispersity index is 2.04.
- the adhesive according to the invention further comprises at least one tackifying resin.
- Suitable tackifying resins are, for example, rosin, rosin esters, hydrogenated rosin, polyterpenes and derivatives, aromatic or aliphatic petroleum resins, hydrogenated cyclic resins. These resins typically have a ball-ring softening temperature of between 25 ° C and 180 ° C and preferably between 50 ° C and 135 ° C. Other examples of rosin derivatives are described in ULLMAN X S Vol A 23 p. 79 - 86.
- derivatives of rosin include those obtained by hydrogenation, dehydrogenation, polymerization, esterification. These derivatives can be used as such or in the form of polyol esters such as pentaerythritol esters, polyethylene glycol and glycerol.
- the adhesive comprises 1 to 70 parts of resin per 100 parts of the copolymer and resin mixture, and preferably 20 to 50 parts of resin per 100 parts of the copolymer mixture and resin.
- the adhesives which are the subject of the invention may furthermore comprise one or more plasticizers as an additive.
- the plasticizers that can be used in the adhesives of the invention are, for example, aromatic or naphthenic paraffinic mineral oils. They are mainly used to lower the viscosity and to bring tack.
- the amount of plasticizer may range from 10 to 30 parts per 100 parts of the adhesive mixture.
- plasticizer mention may also be made of phthalates, azelates, adipates, tricresyl phosphate and polyesters.
- the adhesives of the invention may also comprise other types of fillers than the ultrafine fillers described above, as well as stabilizers as additives.
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1559461A FR3041972B1 (fr) | 2015-10-05 | 2015-10-05 | Adhesif comprenant des copolymeres a blocs, pour l'encapsulation de dispositifs electroniques flexibles, ameliorant la protection contre la permeabilite aux gaz |
| PCT/FR2016/052544 WO2017060610A1 (fr) | 2015-10-05 | 2016-10-04 | Adhésif comprenant des copolymères à blocs, pour l'encapsulation de dispositifs électroniques flexibles, améliorant la protection contre la perméabilité aux gaz |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3359581A1 true EP3359581A1 (fr) | 2018-08-15 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP16788171.3A Withdrawn EP3359581A1 (fr) | 2015-10-05 | 2016-10-04 | Adhésif comprenant des copolymères à blocs, pour l'encapsulation de dispositifs électroniques flexibles, améliorant la protection contre la perméabilité aux gaz |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP3359581A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3041972B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2017060610A1 (fr) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110790867A (zh) * | 2019-09-29 | 2020-02-14 | 新纶科技(常州)有限公司 | 柔性可折叠显示设备的组件层及其制备方法、层合物 |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20070135552A1 (en) * | 2005-12-09 | 2007-06-14 | General Atomics | Gas barrier |
| DE102008047964A1 (de) * | 2008-09-18 | 2010-03-25 | Tesa Se | Verfahren zur Kapselung einer elektronischen Anordnung |
| TWI453267B (zh) * | 2010-06-04 | 2014-09-21 | Kuraray Co | 光學薄膜用黏著劑組成物及黏著型光學薄膜 |
-
2015
- 2015-10-05 FR FR1559461A patent/FR3041972B1/fr active Active
-
2016
- 2016-10-04 WO PCT/FR2016/052544 patent/WO2017060610A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2016-10-04 EP EP16788171.3A patent/EP3359581A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3041972B1 (fr) | 2019-07-05 |
| WO2017060610A1 (fr) | 2017-04-13 |
| FR3041972A1 (fr) | 2017-04-07 |
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