EP3329214A1 - Procédé de localisation d'un engin mobile et dispositif de localisation associé - Google Patents
Procédé de localisation d'un engin mobile et dispositif de localisation associéInfo
- Publication number
- EP3329214A1 EP3329214A1 EP16745469.3A EP16745469A EP3329214A1 EP 3329214 A1 EP3329214 A1 EP 3329214A1 EP 16745469 A EP16745469 A EP 16745469A EP 3329214 A1 EP3329214 A1 EP 3329214A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- surface representation
- locating
- mobile machine
- electronic map
- occupied
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C21/00—Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00
- G01C21/20—Instruments for performing navigational calculations
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C21/00—Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00
- G01C21/005—Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00 with correlation of navigation data from several sources, e.g. map or contour matching
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/88—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S17/89—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S19/00—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
- G01S19/38—Determining a navigation solution using signals transmitted by a satellite radio beacon positioning system
- G01S19/39—Determining a navigation solution using signals transmitted by a satellite radio beacon positioning system the satellite radio beacon positioning system transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
- G01S19/42—Determining position
- G01S19/50—Determining position whereby the position solution is constrained to lie upon a particular curve or surface, e.g. for locomotives on railway tracks
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S13/89—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the location of a mobile machine, such as a robot or a vehicle.
- It relates more particularly to a method of locating a mobile machine and an associated locating device.
- the invention is particularly advantageous in the case where an electronic card contains width information routes listed in this map.
- Locating and mapping devices are known designed to equip a mobile machine (for example a robot) in order both to locate the mobile machine in its environment and to produce a cartography of this environment.
- SLAM Simultaneous Localization and Mapping
- the cartography being built as and when traveled by the mobile device, these devices are particularly suitable when the mobile machine is moving in an environment that is initially unknown to him.
- navigation systems which determine the position of the vehicle by means of a satellite positioning system are frequently used and can then display certain elements of the environment of the vehicle. vehicle as stored in a pre-established electronic card.
- the present invention proposes a method for locating a mobile machine relative to an electronic card stored in the form of a cartographic database, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
- the first representation and the second representation are occupation grids
- the sensor is designed to detect obstacles in the environment; the sensor is a lidar;
- the electronic map is a semantic map
- the map database contains, for a route listed in the electronic map, information of the location of the road and information of width of the road;
- an area corresponding to a route listed in the electronic map is defined as free during the step of constructing the second surface representation
- an area corresponding to a building listed in the electronic map is defined as occupied during the step of constructing the second surface representation
- the step of constructing the second surface representation comprises a step of extracting data from the cartographic database as a function of an estimated position generated by a positioning system
- the step of determining the position comprises a step of selecting the position which maximizes a correspondence operator applied to the first surface representation and to the second surface representation for several possible positions of the mobile machine;
- the step of determining the position implements an algorithm of location of Monte Carlo.
- the invention also proposes a locating device intended to equip a mobile machine in an environment comprising a plurality of zones, characterized in that it comprises a module for receiving data generated by a sensor, a building module, in functions of said data, a first descriptive surface representation of occupied or free zones of the environment, a construction module, from a map database representing an electronic map, a second descriptive surface representation of occupied or free zones of the electronic card and a module for determining the position of the mobile machine relative to the electronic card by matching the first surface representation and the second surface representation.
- Such a device may optionally have one or more characteristics corresponding to those proposed above for the location method.
- FIG. 1 represents a system comprising in particular an exemplary localization device according to the invention
- FIG. 2 represents in functional form the processes carried out by the localization device of FIG. 1.
- FIG. 1 schematically represents the main elements of a system including a localization device 10.
- Such a system equips a mobile machine in an environment, for example a motor vehicle or a robot.
- the localization device 10 can also include a feature for building and / or enriching a map of the environment.
- a system equipped with such a locating and mapping device sometimes called SLAM (Anglo-Saxon acronym meaning "Simultaneous Location And Mapping"), allows in this case both the location of the system (and therefore the mobile device ) in the environment and the discovery of environmental mapping.
- the system of FIG. 1 comprises a sensor 2 which generates data indicative of positions (relative to the system) of obstacles present in the environment.
- the sensor 2 is for example lidar type; in this case, the data indicative of positions are representative, for a plurality of orientations with respect to a reference direction of the system, of the distance d (a) (with respect to the system) of the first obstacle encountered in the associated direction to this orientation a.
- the system of FIG. 1 also comprises a positioning system 8, here a satellite positioning system (or GNSS for "Global Navigation Satellite System”) designed to supply data X is indicative of the estimated position of the system (and therefore of the mobile machine) in a given reference system, here the terrestrial reference system.
- a positioning system 8 here a satellite positioning system (or GNSS for "Global Navigation Satellite System”
- GNSS Global Navigation Satellite System
- the system of FIG. 1 further comprises a map database 12 which contains descriptive information of an electronic map, here in semantic form (that is to say using a schematic description of the main characteristics of the different objects and infrastructures present in the electronic map, a description which notably includes the position of the object concerned in the aforementioned referential, here the terrestrial reference).
- a map database 12 which contains descriptive information of an electronic map, here in semantic form (that is to say using a schematic description of the main characteristics of the different objects and infrastructures present in the electronic map, a description which notably includes the position of the object concerned in the aforementioned referential, here the terrestrial reference).
- the cartographic database 12 contains, in particular, descriptive information of the routes listed in the electronic map (here the term "road” is used in the general sense, which covers the streets, avenues, etc.); in particular, for each route listed, the map database 12 includes location information of the road concerned (here in the repository used by the positioning system 8) and information of the width of the road concerned (for example the number traffic lanes of the road and / or the width of the road).
- the system of FIG. 1 finally comprises the locating device 10, which receives as input the data indicative of obstacle position generated by the sensor 2 and the data indicative of the position of the system generated by the positioning system 8, and which generates at the output (thanks to the treatments explained below) X localization information of the system (and thus of the mobile machine equipped with the system) by resorting in particular to the cartographic database 12.
- the location device 10 here comprises a processor 4 (for example a microprocessor) and a storage means 6 (for example a hard disk).
- a processor 4 for example a microprocessor
- a storage means 6 for example a hard disk
- the processor 4 is designed to implement the processes described below, in particular with reference to FIG. 2, for example because of the execution of computer program instructions stored in the storage means 6. In a variant these processing could be carried out by a specific application integrated circuit (or ASIC of the "Application Specifies Integrated Circuit") implanted in the localization device 10.
- ASIC Application Specifies Integrated Circuit
- the storage means 6 also allow the storage of the data used during the processing described hereinafter, in particular the occupancy gates Gi, G 2 .
- FIG. 2 represents in functional form the processes carried out by the location device 10 in order to determine the location information X from the data indicative of positions d (a) generated by the sensor 2 and the data X being indicative of the estimated position. of the system generated by the positioning system 8.
- FIG. 2 the various treatments performed by the locating device 10 are represented in FIG. 2 implemented by different modules 14, 15, 1 6, 17, 18 although these can be implemented in practice because of the fact that Execution of instructions by the same processor 4.
- the locating device 10 comprises a first receiving module 14 connected to the sensor 2 and thus receiving the data indicative of obstacle position d (a) generated by the sensor 2 and transmitting them to a building module 1 6 designed to construct a first occupation grid Gi according to the positioning data d (a).
- Such a occupancy grid Gi describes, in the form of a grid, the locations of the environment in which an obstacle has been detected by the sensor 2.
- the first occupation grid Gi provides an indicator, denoted Gi (z) in the following, of the presence or absence of an obstacle detected by the sensor 2 in the zone z, that is to say an indicator of occupation or non-occupation of the zone z.
- the construction module 16 is for example of the type described in the article "Credibilist Simultaneous Localization and Mapping with LIDAFT, G. Trehard et al., IROS - International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, Chicago, September 2014.
- certain data produced during the processing performed by the building module 1 6 can be used to enrich the cartographic database 12, as indicated by a dashed arrow in FIG.
- the locating device 10 also comprises a second reception module 15 connected to the positioning system 8. This second reception module 15 receives the estimated position data X is and transmits these data X is to an extraction module 17 designed to generate a second occupancy grid G 2 as a function of the estimated position data X is and data of the cartographic database 12.
- the extraction module 17 extracts from the cartographic database 12 the information relating to the surrounding roads (that is to say, in practice, located at a distance less than a predetermined threshold of) the estimated position represented by the X data is ; the extraction module 17 then builds the second occupation grid G 2 as a function of the position information of the extracted roads and the width information of the routes extracted.
- the extraction module 17 is designed to extrapolate the semantic information (information from the semantic map) in order to obtain corresponding surface information.
- the second occupation grid G 2 provides, for example, an indicator, denoted G 2 (z) in the following. representative of occupation when the area z concerned is located outside a road and contains a building, and representative of non-occupation when the zone z concerned is located on a road, this according to the information extracted from the database of cartographic data 12.
- the indicator G 2 (z) can be set to a value representative of a status of non-knowledge (status "unknown") when the zone z is located off a road but no indication is given in the map database 12 as to the presence of a building (or other object).
- the first occupancy gate Gi and the second occupancy gate G 2 cover a comparable range in order to be able to best use them as explained now.
- the first occupancy grid Gi (constructed according to the data from the sensor 2) and the second occupation grid G 2 (constructed according to the information extracted from the cartographic database 12) are transmitted to an implementation module.
- correspondence 18 designed to determine the location information X of the system (and therefore the mobile machine) for which the first occupation grid Gi (placed relative to the system, according to these same location information X) best corresponds to the second occupancy grid G 2 (arranged as for it according to the position information extracted from the cartographic database 12, here in the terrestrial reference).
- the first occupation grid Gi built according to the observations of the sensor 2
- the second occupation grid G 2 constructed according to the electronic map.
- the mapping module 18 for example uses, in practice, several possible (or candidate) location information x, and chooses, from among these candidates x, the location information X which maximizes an operator of correspondence between occupation grids:
- the location information X (and therefore also the candidate information x,) may include not only x, y coordinates in the repository used (and here in the plane of the digital map), but also a system orientation information (in the plane of the digital map) such as the heading of the mobile machine.
- an operator O which favors the correspondence between non-occupied zones (the value of the operator O increasing for each correspondence between an unoccupied zone of a grid and an unoccupied zone of the another grid) and which penalizes a lack of correspondence (the value of the operator O decreasing when for a given zone, the indicator of one grid does not correspond to the indicator of the other grid).
- the mapping module 18 can use a Monte Carlo location algorithm as described for example in the article "Monte Carlo localization for mobile robots", F. Dellaert et al., IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, 1999.
- the state considered using this approach is the position of the vehicle (possibly including its velocity), which the Monte Carlo location algorithm seeks to evaluate by considering a set of random samples s k , also called particles. particles "in the aforementioned article).
- the selected position X (emitted at the output of the mapping module 18) is finally obtained by calculating the weighted average of the different samples Sk (each sample Sk being weighted by its weight as determined as indicated above).
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Control Of Position, Course, Altitude, Or Attitude Of Moving Bodies (AREA)
- Navigation (AREA)
- Traffic Control Systems (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1557379A FR3039642B1 (fr) | 2015-07-31 | 2015-07-31 | Procede de localisation d'un engin mobile et dispositif de localisation associe |
| PCT/EP2016/068345 WO2017021376A1 (fr) | 2015-07-31 | 2016-08-01 | Procédé de localisation d'un engin mobile et dispositif de localisation associé |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3329214A1 true EP3329214A1 (fr) | 2018-06-06 |
Family
ID=55971050
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP16745469.3A Ceased EP3329214A1 (fr) | 2015-07-31 | 2016-08-01 | Procédé de localisation d'un engin mobile et dispositif de localisation associé |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP3329214A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3039642B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2017021376A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20080039991A1 (en) * | 2006-08-10 | 2008-02-14 | May Reed R | Methods and systems for providing accurate vehicle positioning |
| US8554478B2 (en) * | 2007-02-23 | 2013-10-08 | Honeywell International Inc. | Correlation position determination |
| US9052207B2 (en) * | 2009-10-22 | 2015-06-09 | Tomtom Polska Sp. Z O.O. | System and method for vehicle navigation using lateral offsets |
| WO2013076829A1 (fr) * | 2011-11-22 | 2013-05-30 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Système mobile autonome |
| US9062979B1 (en) * | 2013-07-08 | 2015-06-23 | Google Inc. | Pose estimation using long range features |
-
2015
- 2015-07-31 FR FR1557379A patent/FR3039642B1/fr active Active
-
2016
- 2016-08-01 EP EP16745469.3A patent/EP3329214A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2016-08-01 WO PCT/EP2016/068345 patent/WO2017021376A1/fr not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3039642B1 (fr) | 2019-06-14 |
| WO2017021376A1 (fr) | 2017-02-09 |
| FR3039642A1 (fr) | 2017-02-03 |
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