EP3303225A1 - Procédé d'inhibition du développement de microorganismes - Google Patents
Procédé d'inhibition du développement de microorganismesInfo
- Publication number
- EP3303225A1 EP3303225A1 EP16730457.5A EP16730457A EP3303225A1 EP 3303225 A1 EP3303225 A1 EP 3303225A1 EP 16730457 A EP16730457 A EP 16730457A EP 3303225 A1 EP3303225 A1 EP 3303225A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- frequency
- voltage
- electrode
- medium
- electrodes
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/005—Combined electrochemical biological processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
- C02F1/467—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D17/00—Domestic hot-water supply systems
- F24D17/0073—Arrangements for preventing the occurrence or proliferation of microorganisms in the water
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
- F24H1/18—Water-storage heaters
- F24H1/20—Water-storage heaters with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes
- F24H1/201—Water-storage heaters with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes using electric energy supply
- F24H1/203—Water-storage heaters with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes using electric energy supply with electrodes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/003—Wastewater from hospitals, laboratories and the like, heavily contaminated by pathogenic microorganisms
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H2250/00—Electrical heat generating means
- F24H2250/10—Electrodes
Definitions
- the invention relates to the inhibition of the development of microorganisms, for example bacteria, in a medium, and in particular a liquid medium.
- the treated liquid may in particular be waste water from a domestic, industrial or hospital installation, or any other liquid, including liquids for agri-food use.
- bacteria bathed in a culture medium are placed between two electrodes between which an AC voltage is applied whose frequency is successively set at 0.1 MHz, 1 MHz, 5 MHz, 10 MHz, 20 MHz, 30 MHz and 50 MHz. MHz.
- a test lasting several hours is carried out, and the evolution of the bacterial population is monitored by optical density measurements, using a spectrophotometer, on samples taken.
- this patent application indicates a decrease in the minimum inhibitory concentration of an antibiotic, in this case chloramphenicol, placed in the culture medium, in the presence of an electric field of frequency equal to 10 MHz.
- a method for treating a medium, in particular a liquid medium, aimed at limiting bacterial growth, or even reducing the concentration of microorganisms, without requiring their prior identification, and limiting the use of chemical agents, is therefore sought.
- An effective method is also sought for a wide variety of microorganisms regardless of the environment in which they are bathed.
- WO2011 / 132021 provides a first solution to this problem, by describing a method for preventing the formation of bacteria or algae in water, as an alternative to the use of chemical agents such as chlorine.
- a voltage is applied to the water to be treated, between two electrodes partially immersed.
- a processor applies positive voltage slots at a frequency between 0 and 100 kHz.
- One protocol, presented in this document as optimal, is to perform a frequency sweep between 0 and 100 kHz by gradually increasing the frequency by increments of 500 Hz every 30 seconds. The range 0 - 100 kHz can thus be addressed in a time varying between 1.5 hours and 2 hours.
- the inventors propose a different method, much simpler to implement, having a better efficiency and able to address an even higher frequency dynamics.
- An object of the invention is a method for treating a medium, in particular a liquid medium, comprising microorganisms, the medium being disposed between a first electrode and a second electrode, inside an enclosure, each electrode being extending into said enclosure, in contact with said medium, each electrode being connected to an electrical circuit capable of establishing a voltage between said electrodes, according to at least one frequency, the method being characterized in that: said frequency varies, in a time interval, between a minimum frequency and a maximum frequency, maximum frequency being at least ten times greater than the minimum frequency, so as to inhibit the development of said microorganisms in the medium.
- the voltage applied to the electrodes comprises, in said time interval, a plurality of frequency components, extending between a minimum frequency and a maximum frequency, the maximum frequency being at least ten times greater than the minimum frequency.
- the maximum frequency can be at least 100 times or 1000 times higher than the minimum frequency.
- the applied voltage is preferably alternating, alternating between positive and negative values.
- the applied voltage preferably has a zero average value. It can vary sinusoidally.
- the time interval may in particular be less than 1 hour, or even 30 minutes, or even 20 minutes, or even 1 minute or even 5 seconds or even 1 second.
- the voltage, or bias voltage simultaneously comprises a plurality of frequency components, between said minimum frequency and said maximum frequency. It can in particular be produced by a white noise generator.
- the minimum frequency is preferably greater than 10 Hz.
- the voltage generates, between the first electrode and the second electrode, an electric field whose maximum amplitude is preferably less than 10 V / cm.
- the first and second electrodes are preferably metallic, and comprise a metal, in particular selected from stainless steel, platinum or gold. They can extend one parallel to the other.
- the medium may in particular comprise an active ingredient capable of inhibiting the growth of microorganisms, preferably obtained from natural plant substances. This medium may especially comprise eugenol, and possibly eugenol acetate.
- Another object of the invention is a device for implementing the method as previously described, comprising: an enclosure adapted to receive a medium comprising microorganisms, a first electrode and a second electrode, each electrode being connected to a electrical circuit, the device being characterized in that, the electric circuit comprises a generator capable of producing, at the terminals of said electrodes, a voltage whose frequency varies, in a time interval of less than 1 minute, between a minimum frequency and a maximum frequency , the maximum frequency being at least 10 times greater than the minimum frequency.
- the electrodes may in particular be made of stainless steel.
- the generator may comprise a source of current or voltage capable of generating, across said electrodes, a voltage in the form of a white noise.
- FIG. 1 represents a first example of a device for implementing a method of inhibiting the development of bacteria in a liquid medium.
- FIGS 2 and 3 show variants of this example, with electrodes of different geometries.
- FIG. 4 represents experimental results showing the evolution of the bacterial concentration as a function of time for various tests carried out.
- FIG. 5 represents experimental results showing the inhibition of ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) synthesis as a function of time for various tests carried out.
- FIG. 1 describes a first example of a device capable of implementing a method that is the subject of the invention.
- An enclosure 11 comprises a medium 10, for example a liquid, and microorganisms 12 bathed in this liquid.
- the medium may also be an agar.
- the microorganisms 12 are Escherichia coli type bacteria.
- Medium 10 is a liquid culture medium called LB (acronym for Luria-Bertani).
- Two electrodes 21 and 22 are immersed in the liquid medium 10.
- they have a parallelepipedal shape of length 8 cm, height 3 cm and thickness 0.5 mm.
- the electrodes are spaced apart by an inter-electrode distance D of 1 cm.
- the electrodes are, in this example, stainless steel.
- Other metal electrodes could be usable, for example platinum or gold.
- Stainless steel appears as a good compromise cost / performance. In addition, stainless steel does not release toxic ions.
- the electrodes extend parallel to each other.
- the electrodes are connected to an electrical circuit 20.
- the electrical circuit 20 comprises an AC power supply 23 producing an alternating current, so as to generate, between the terminals of the electrodes 21, 22, a potential difference, or alternating polarization voltage U, .
- the medium between the electrodes is then subjected to an alternating electric field E.
- the frequency of the voltage is greater than 10 Hz, and preferably greater than 100 Hz or even 1 kHz.
- the power supply, or generator, 23 here is a source of white noise, that is to say a source producing a zero average value signal, and whose power spectral density is constant over a given frequency band.
- the width of the frequency band, according to which the power spectral density is constant, can range from one to three decades or more. Typically, this frequency band extends between 10 kHz and 10 MHz. By constant is meant not deviating from the same value to fluctuations, these fluctuations can reach 10 to 20% of said value.
- the electric field E established between the electrodes 21 and 22 has a multitude of spectral components.
- the inventors have estimated that the microorganisms present in the liquid medium are capable of being sensitive to at least one of these spectral components, the effect of the electric field E, to this spectral component, being then able to inhibit their development.
- a frequency is selected from an extended frequency range, at the end of a learning phase, during which a particular microorganism is subjected, successively, to different frequencies, the exposure at each frequency having a duration of a few minutes or a few hours. This makes it possible to determine the frequency with which the bacteria that one wishes to eliminate is the most sensitive. We can speak of a frequency optimum. This optimum being selected, an electric field is then applied at this optimum frequency to inhibit bacterial growth.
- the method which is the subject of the invention results from a different approach, since it comprises the application of a signal comprising simultaneously, or in a close time interval, a plurality of spectral components, in an extended spectral band, preferably greater than 1 decade, and typically between 2 and 5 decades, and preferably between 3 and 4 decades.
- Most of the microorganisms present in the sample are then targeted, without any need to identify them beforehand, and to establish the optimal frequency with respect to each one of them.
- a frequency optimum for a bacterium may depend on the medium in which the latter is placed. By modifying the medium, the frequency optimum can then vary. Since it addresses a wide frequency range, preferably extending over several decades, the method of the invention is more robust with respect to such variations.
- the white noise generator 23 can easily be manufactured using, for example, a reverse-biased Zener diode in the vicinity of an avalanche voltage.
- the signal produced by the Zener diode can then be amplified by a low noise amplifier, or several amplifiers arranged in series, before being applied to the electrodes 21 and 22.
- the generator 23 is a generator capable of producing, in a sufficiently short time interval, and preferably simultaneously, an electric current having multiple frequency components, extending over at least one or even two decades, and preferably over at least three decades or more.
- the voltage applied between the electrodes is preferably alternating, that is to say having an alternation between positive values and negative values, this alternation being preferably periodic.
- the average value of the applied voltage is preferably as low as possible, so as to avoid the appearance of a electrolysis effect.
- the voltage may also have an alternation, in particular periodic, values lower and higher than a fixed value.
- the frequency of the signal produced by the generator 23 varies, in a time interval of less than 1 hour, between a minimum frequency (f m in) and a maximum frequency (f max), the maximum frequency f ma x being at least twice or even 10 times, or at least 100 times greater than the minimum frequency f m in.
- a time interval of 1 hour corresponds to a duration greater than twice the cell division time.
- the process is all the more effective as the time interval during which the multiple frequencies are applied is low.
- the time interval can be reduced to 30 minutes, or 20 minutes, or 10 minutes, or 1 minute, or be less than 5 seconds or even 1 second. This makes it possible to address an extended frequency range, exceeding a decade, and preferably reaching several decades, in a small time interval.
- the first electrode 21 is in the form of a bar, with a diameter of less than 1 cm, for example 0.5 mm, whereas the second electrode 22 has an annular shape, coaxial with the first electrode.
- FIG. 3 represents another embodiment, in which the electrodes 21 and 22 are in the form of a "comb" or "interdigitated".
- Each electrode has a lateral section 21A, 22A of which a plurality of arms 21B, 22B protrude, each arm preferably extending parallel to one another. Preferably, each arm extends perpendicularly to the lateral section to which it is connected.
- the electrodes 21 and 22 are disposed face to face, so that an arm of an electrode extends between two adjacent arms of the other electrode. This embodiment is suitable for processing larger volumes.
- the distance D between the two electrodes 21 and 22 is preferably centimeter, being between 0.5 cm and 15 or even 20 cm. Beyond this, the voltage must increase, knowing that the electric field E between two electrodes preferably has an amplitude of a few V / cm, preferably between 1 and 10 V / cm.
- a biocidal product has been added to the culture medium.
- This is the biocide whose reference is Bioscreen BS 33, supplied by the company Hightech Bio Activities Holding GM BH. Its composition is described in patent FR2867947. It consists essentially of eugenol, and to a lesser extent eugenol acetate, these components being in particular obtained from clove. The use of such a biocide, obtained with the aid of natural plant substances, limits the harmful effects on the environment.
- configuration 1 no treatment: the sample comprises the culture medium as previously described; This is the control configuration; configuration 2: application of the alternating voltage as previously described to the sample; Configuration 3: addition of the biocide described above, diluted to l / 8 -th, and application of the alternating voltage, in a manner similar to the configuration 2.
- FIG. 4 represents the evolution of the bacterial concentration in the medium, in the configurations 1, 2 and 3, as a function of time, the measurement points being made at t 0 , t 0 + 30 min, t 0 + 60 min , t 0 + 120 min, t 0 + 240 min and t 0 + 360 min, t 0 representing the beginning of the experiment, and corresponding to abscissa 0 in figure 4.
- the abscissae are expressed in minutes while each ordinate represents the bacterial concentration normalized by the concentration in the control sample (configuration 1), at the same time.
- Each ordinate represents, as a percentage, the evolution of the bacterial population relative to the control sample of the configuration 1.
- the margins of error are not represented.
- the quantification of the bacterial population was carried out by sampling at different times, then dilution and spreading of the sample on agar, before visual counting of the colonies formed 24h to 48 h after the spreading.
- Configuration No. 2 application of an electric field alone
- Configuration No. 3 biocide combination and electric field
- ATPmetry measurements (luminescence Adenosine triphospate assay) were performed on each sample at to, to + 120 min, to + 240 min and to + 360 min, to representing the beginning of the experiment, and corresponding to the abscissa 0 in Figure 5.
- bioluminescence measurements were performed, representative of the concentration of ATP in the sample. These measurements are representative of the energy released by the metabolism of the bacteria contained in the sample.
- Figure 5 shows the results of these measurements, for the three configurations studied.
- the x-axis represents the elapsed time since the beginning of the experiment, the y-axis representing, in arbitrary scale, the measured intensity of the luminescence signal.
- Configurations 2 and 3 are distinguished by a markedly less marked increase in ATP concentration, reflecting the effect of the electric field alone or, better, in combination with a biocide, for the inhibition of bacterial growth.
- the samples were subjected to a temperature control by observation using a thermal camera. No significant heating was observed.
- the method described can be applied to any liquid which it is desired to control or reduce the bacterial proliferation, in the laboratory or on an industrial scale, for example in the agri-food field, the treatment of water, for example domestic water or swimming pool water, or the treatment of other liquid effluents.
- microfluidic cards suitable for carrying out analyzes or processes on biological samples.
- the electrodes can be integrated in such cards during the manufacture of the latter, by implementing conventional microfabrication techniques for the deposition of a metal or a conductive material.
- the method can be used upstream of biological processes, treatment or analysis, in order to eliminate or reduce the amount of bacteria in the treated sample.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)
- Immobilizing And Processing Of Enzymes And Microorganisms (AREA)
- Food Preservation Except Freezing, Refrigeration, And Drying (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1554922A FR3036708B1 (fr) | 2015-05-30 | 2015-05-30 | Procede d'inhibition du developpement de microorganismes |
| PCT/FR2016/051253 WO2016193583A1 (fr) | 2015-05-30 | 2016-05-26 | Procédé d'inhibition du développement de microorganismes |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3303225A1 true EP3303225A1 (fr) | 2018-04-11 |
Family
ID=54014994
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP16730457.5A Withdrawn EP3303225A1 (fr) | 2015-05-30 | 2016-05-26 | Procédé d'inhibition du développement de microorganismes |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP3303225A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3036708B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2016193583A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110173891B (zh) * | 2019-05-07 | 2021-04-30 | 上海理工大学 | 电极加热供暖装置的一体化集成盖板 |
| CN110451736A (zh) * | 2019-09-05 | 2019-11-15 | 兰州信望医疗工程有限公司 | 一种医院废水净化处理装置及方法 |
| CN112062234A (zh) * | 2020-09-03 | 2020-12-11 | 上海金铎禹辰水环境工程有限公司 | 一种消除水体生长蓝藻装置及使用方法 |
| FR3118850A1 (fr) * | 2021-01-12 | 2022-07-15 | Holopharm | Procédé de traitement d’un liquide aqueux en vue de son échauffement, de la production de vapeur, du développement d’une réaction de catalyse et/ou de la concentration d’au moins une espèce présente en son sein |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3337422B2 (ja) * | 1998-04-24 | 2002-10-21 | 英雄 早川 | 水処理方法及びその装置 |
| US8175698B2 (en) | 2000-02-17 | 2012-05-08 | Novocure Ltd. | Treating bacteria with electric fields |
| AU2003902540A0 (en) * | 2003-05-23 | 2003-06-05 | Watertech Services International Pty Ltd | A swimming pool cleaning and sanitising system |
| FR2867947B1 (fr) | 2004-03-29 | 2007-06-22 | Hightech Bio Activities Holdin | Complexe vegetal biodecontaminant presentant a la fois des proprietes bactericides, fongicides et virucides pour le traitement de l'eau |
| SG129314A1 (en) * | 2005-08-02 | 2007-02-26 | Ecospec Global Stechnology Pte | Method and device for water treatment using an electromagnetic field |
| EP2560921B8 (fr) * | 2010-04-22 | 2016-06-01 | Periso SA | Procédé de traitement de l'eau pour éviter la formation de bactéries et d'algues |
-
2015
- 2015-05-30 FR FR1554922A patent/FR3036708B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2016
- 2016-05-26 EP EP16730457.5A patent/EP3303225A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2016-05-26 WO PCT/FR2016/051253 patent/WO2016193583A1/fr not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3036708A1 (fr) | 2016-12-02 |
| FR3036708B1 (fr) | 2020-02-21 |
| WO2016193583A1 (fr) | 2016-12-08 |
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