EP3283891A1 - Mesure sans contact de la conductivité de semi-conducteurs - Google Patents
Mesure sans contact de la conductivité de semi-conducteursInfo
- Publication number
- EP3283891A1 EP3283891A1 EP16721874.2A EP16721874A EP3283891A1 EP 3283891 A1 EP3283891 A1 EP 3283891A1 EP 16721874 A EP16721874 A EP 16721874A EP 3283891 A1 EP3283891 A1 EP 3283891A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- target
- signal
- conductivity
- frequency
- transmitted
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/26—Testing of individual semiconductor devices
- G01R31/265—Contactless testing
- G01R31/2656—Contactless testing using non-ionising electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical radiation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R27/00—Arrangements for measuring resistance, reactance, impedance, or electric characteristics derived therefrom
- G01R27/02—Measuring real or complex resistance, reactance, impedance, or other two-pole characteristics derived therefrom, e.g. time constant
- G01R27/04—Measuring real or complex resistance, reactance, impedance, or other two-pole characteristics derived therefrom, e.g. time constant in circuits having distributed constants, e.g. having very long conductors or involving high frequencies
- G01R27/06—Measuring reflection coefficients; Measuring standing-wave ratio
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/26—Testing of individual semiconductor devices
- G01R31/2648—Characterising semiconductor materials
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/28—Testing of electronic circuits, e.g. by signal tracer
- G01R31/282—Testing of electronic circuits specially adapted for particular applications not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/2831—Testing of materials or semi-finished products, e.g. semiconductor wafers or substrates
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/28—Testing of electronic circuits, e.g. by signal tracer
- G01R31/302—Contactless testing
- G01R31/308—Contactless testing using non-ionising electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical radiation
- G01R31/311—Contactless testing using non-ionising electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical radiation of integrated circuits
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10P—GENERIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10P74/00—Testing or measuring during manufacture or treatment of wafers, substrates or devices
- H10P74/20—Testing or measuring during manufacture or treatment of wafers, substrates or devices characterised by the properties tested or measured, e.g. structural or electrical properties
- H10P74/207—Electrical properties, e.g. testing or measuring of resistance, deep levels or capacitance-voltage characteristics
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the non-contact measurement of the conductivity of semiconductors.
- Characterization methods are already commonly known non-contact conductivity ⁇ semi conductors, using an electric signal monofrequency.
- US 4286215 discloses such a non-contact measurement method of eddy current conductivity.
- This type of measurement method of the kind in question is analogous to an oscillator using a single-frequency electrical signal.
- This type of measurement method requires a reference measurement of the conductivity in the dark to then estimate the imbalance under modulated illumination.
- the maximum sensitivity for the measurement of conductivity, for doping and usual thicknesses of silicon wafers, is around 13 MHz.
- a system using a mono-frequency signal is therefore only suitable for the characterization of a single type of material, in a range of restricted thickness and conductivity.
- the present invention aims in particular to overcome these disadvantages.
- the invention relates to a non-contact measurement method of the semiconductor conductivity, said method being implemented by:
- a first set comprising a signal transmission / reception system capable of transmit / receive a multi-frequency signal over a frequency range
- a second set comprising at least one semiconductor target and an inductive element, the semiconductor target being positioned close to the inductive element
- transmission line being adapted to transmit the signal between the first set and the second set
- a third set said third set being intended to be connected to the first set, the third set comprising an analysis system, the third set being able to analyze a signal emitted by the first set and a reflected or transmitted signal received by the set; first set and the third set being able to deduce a reflection or transmission coefficient of the transmitted signal, said method comprising at least the following steps:
- the first set emits a multi-frequency signal
- the second set reflects or transmits at least a part of the multi-frequency signal emitted by the first set
- the first set receives the multi-frequency signal reflected or transmitted by the second set
- the third set calculates the reflection or transmission coefficient of the transmitted signal for the frequency range
- the third set determines the conductivity of the semiconductor target.
- Such a measurement method makes it possible in particular to characterize the conductivity of many types of materials by measuring over a wide range of frequencies.
- Such a method thus makes it possible to characterize a wide range of different conductor semiconductors of different thicknesses, and possibly multi-layer semiconductors.
- analysis system of the third set uses model connecting the second impedance variation together to the target's conductivity, step e) of the method previously comprising the next steps performed by the third set:
- the analysis system of the third set uses a model of the electromagnetic interaction between the inductive element and the semiconductor target and a minimization algorithm, step e) of the method being carried out by iterative method according to the following steps:
- the method is adapted to determine several conductivities simultaneously of a multilayer semiconductor target or for the measurement of several semiconductor targets;
- the method is adapted to determine the thickness of each of the layers of the semiconductor target multilayer
- the first set comprises at least one digital-to-analog converter, said converter being adapted to transmit a multi-frequency signal, the first set also comprising an analog-to-digital converter acquisition system, said acquisition system being adapted to receive a multi-frequency signal; - frequency reflected or transmitted;
- the first set comprises at least one coupling system, said coupling system being adapted to couple the signal transmitted by the digital-to-analog converter in the transmission line, and to couple the signal reflected or transmitted to the analog-digital converter acquisition system; ;
- the first set comprises at least two coupling systems, a first coupling system being adapted to couple the signal emitted by the digital analog converter in a first transmission line, and a second coupling system being adapted to couple the reflected signal or transmitted in a second transmission line to the digital analog converter acquisition system;
- the frequency range of the transmitted signal is between 100 kHz and 300 MHz;
- the frequency range is chosen so that the variations of the reflection or transmission coefficient are maximum for a given variation of conductivity around a particular measurement frequency
- the method uses a high frequency range to measure low conductivities.
- the invention also relates to a non-contact measurement device for the semiconductor conductivity characterized in that it comprises:
- said first set being a signal transmission / reception system capable of transmitting / receiving a multi-frequency signal over a range of frequencies
- said second set comprising at least one semiconductor target and an inductive element, the semiconductor target being positioned close to the inductive element,
- transmission line being adapted to transmit the signal between the first set and the second set
- a third set said third set being intended to be connected to the first set, the third set comprising an analysis system, the third set being able to analyze an emitted signal and a reflected or transmitted signal received by the first set and the third set being able to deduce a coefficient of reflection or transmission of the transmitted signal.
- the inductive element is printed on a circuit, said circuit being positioned close to the semiconductor target;
- the inductive element is a coil comprising a an inner radius and an outer radius, and wherein the target extends in a plane perpendicular to a main direction of the inductor element in two dimensions, the inner and outer radii of the inductor element being smaller than the dimensions of the target, even of the order of half of the dimensions of the target.
- FIG. 1 shows schematically a first embodiment of a conductivity measuring device according to the invention comprising a first set, a second set and a third set connected to the first set;
- FIG. 2 shows schematically another embodiment of the conductivity measuring device according to the invention comprising a first set, a second set and a third set connected to the first set;
- FIG. 3 shows schematically another embodiment of the conductivity measuring device according to the invention also comprising a reference assembly connected to the first set;
- FIG. 4 shows a schematic perspective view of the second set of Figures 1 and 2;
- FIG. 4A shows a schematic side view of the second set of Figure 4.
- Figure 4B is a schematic sectional view along the plane IVB-IVB of Figure 4A;
- FIG. 5 represents the real part and the imaginary part of the impedance variation of the inductive element as a function of the thickness of the target;
- FIG. 6 represents the real part and the imaginary part of the impedance variation of the inductive element as a function of the conductivity of the target;
- FIG. 7 represents the real part of the reflection coefficient as a function of the frequency of the transmitted signal and the conductivity of the target.
- FIG. 8 represents the imaginary part of the reflection coefficient as a function of the frequency of the transmitted signal and the conductivity of the target.
- the same references designate identical or similar elements.
- the conductivity of a target semiconductor material ⁇ conductor 4 is measured by transmitting a multi-frequency signal in an inductor element 3 of variable size and shape, for example a coil 3 placed near the target 4.
- the coil 3 is for example made on a printed circuit inserted in an electronic circuit.
- the inductor element 3 has a height h3 and extends between a front end 3a and a rear end 3b.
- front and rear here denotes respectively the end of the inductor element 3 closest to the target 4 and the end farthest from the target 4.
- several inductive elements 3, in particular coils 3, can be used, each inductor element 3 being adapted for a frequency range ⁇ .
- the device for conductivity measurement comprises a first set A for transmitting and receiving a multifrequency signal.
- the measuring device also comprises a second set B comprising the target 4 and an inductive element 3 placed near the target 4.
- the first set A and the second set B are interconnected by a transmission line 5.
- the first set A sends a multi-frequency signal X to the second set B along the transmission line 5, and measures the signal reflected or transmitted by the second set B to the first set A along the transmission line. 5.
- a third set C is connected to the first set A.
- the transmitted X and received Y signals are analyzed by the third set C.
- the third set C determines the reflection coefficient p or transmission R (hereinafter referred to as the "Y / X ratio" Of the signal reflected or transmitted Y with respect to the transmitted signal X by the second set B.
- the conductivity of the target 4 is thus deduced.
- the first set A comprises a signal generation system 1, in particular based on a digital-analog converter (hereinafter referred to as "DAC").
- the first set A also comprises an acquisition system 2, in particular based on an analog digital converter (hereinafter called “ADC”).
- ADC analog digital converter
- the first set A also includes a coupling system 6 adapted to couple the transmitted signal X by the DAC 1 in the transmission line 5 and couple the received signal Y to the ADC 2.
- the first set A may comprise a first coupling system 6a and a second coupling system 6b.
- the first coupling system 6a is adapted to couple the transmitted signal X by the DAC 1 to the transmission line 5.
- the second coupling system 6b is adapted to couple the transmitted signal Y from the transmission line to the ADC 2.
- a first transmission line 5a transmits the transmitted signal X from the first set A to the inductor element 3 while a second transmission wire 5b transmits the received signal Y from the second set B, especially from the inductor element 3, to the first set A.
- the first set may also be connected to a set of reference R. More specifically, the first set A also comprises an additional DAC and a first additional coupling system 6a. Thus, the first set A is also adapted to transmit a signal X2 to the reference set R. In another embodiment, a single DAC 1 may be used to transmit the X and X2 signals. The signal X2 corresponds to the transmitted signal X to the second set B out of phase with a phase P.
- the reference assembly R comprises an inductor element 3 identical to that of the second set B, in particular as will be described hereinafter. However, unlike the second set B, the set of reference R does not include a target 4.
- the reference assembly R thus makes it possible to measure the transmitted or reflected signal Y2 by the inductive element 3 when this inductive element 3 is in the absence of the target 4, this is that is to say when the inductive element 3 is surrounded only by air in the vicinity.
- the inductor element 3 of the reference assembly R may be surrounded by a reference material or be in the vicinity of a reference target.
- a block subsequently makes it possible to add, and in particular amplify, the signal emitted or reflected Y by the second set B with the emitted or reflected signal Y2 by the reference set R.
- A an amplification constant.
- P is preferably equal to n in order to perform a differential amplification between the Y and Y2 signals.
- the final signal D is then transmitted to the first set A, and in particular to ADC 2.
- the target semi ⁇ conductor 4 is situated close to the inductor element 3.
- the target 4 extends in a plane P perpendicular to a main direction Z of the inductor element 3 as illustrated in Figure 4.
- the target 4 may be circular.
- the target 4 has a radius r4.
- the target 4 thus comprises a thickness e along the main direction Z between a first face 4a and a second face 4b.
- the first face 4a is in particular at a distance 11 of the front end 3a of the inductor element 3 in the main direction Z.
- the first face 4a is also at a distance 12 from the rear end 3b of the inductor element 3 in the main direction Z.
- the distances 11, 12 and the height h3 of the inductive element 3 are linked by the relation:
- the inductor element 3 may be a coil and includes an inner radius r1 and an outer radius r2.
- the inner and outer radii r1, r2 are for example respectively equal to the radius r4 of the target 4.
- the inner and outer radii r1, r2 are respectively less than the radius r4 of the target 4.
- the distances 11, 12 between the faces 4a, 4b of the target 4 and the coil 3 are small in front of the inner and outer radii rl, r2 of the coil 3.
- a coil 3 having an outer radius r2 of 3cm with 5 turns can be used to measure the conductivity of a target 4 having a radius r4 in the plane P equal to about 3 cm.
- the number of turns of the coil 3 can in particular be reduced when using higher frequencies.
- the target 4 may be square or rectangular and extends in the plane P along two dimensions L1, L2.
- the dimensions L1, L2 of the target 4 are preferably respectively equal to about 10 cm in the plane P.
- the dimensions L1, L2 are preferably equal to about four times the radius outside r2 of the coil 3.
- the target 4 and in particular the induced magnetic field Hi (as explained hereinafter), interacts with the inductor element 3.
- the distance 11 between the target 4 and the inductive element 3 is then, for example, order of 1mm.
- the transmission line 5 connects the first set A to the second set B.
- the transmission line 5 has a characteristic impedance Z line adapted to the output impedance of the set A.
- the transmission line 5 is for example a track on a printed circuit or a coaxial cable or a wire or a two-wire line.
- the third set C comprises a data analysis system 7, the third set C being able to analyze the data of the transmitted signal X and of the signal reflected or transmitted Y by the second set B.
- the third set C thus makes it possible to deduce the Y / X ratio of the received signal Y by the second set B with respect to the transmitted signal X, then the conductivity of the target 4.
- a mult i-frequent signal iel X is transmitted over a frequency range ⁇ by the DAC 1 of the first set A.
- the signal is for example of the form:
- N / 2 frequencies are more precisely chosen over a frequency range ⁇ relevant for the characterization of the target 4.
- the amplitudes ai can be greater than or equal to zero and different in order to weight the transmitted signal X according to the desire of the the user, in particular by attenuating or canceling certain frequencies.
- Phases ⁇ Pi can be chosen arbitrarily but ideally so as to minimize the crest factor c:
- Such an emitted signal X simultaneously contains all the frequencies useful for the characterization of the second set B.
- the minimum duration of the transmitted signal X is fixed by its fundamental frequency f i, plus
- the periods of the transmitted signal X can be generated continuously or by burst over time.
- the periods of the received signal Y corresponding can thus possibly be averaged.
- This also makes it possible to characterize the evolution of the target 4 over time, for example by frequency analysis of the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) type with sliding window.
- the transmitted signal X may be a signal whose frequency varies sequentially, for example with a period of time at a first frequency f T i and then a period of time at a second frequency f T 2, or with a frequency fixed over time.
- the measuring device thus makes it possible to measure the conductivity of the target 4 in different regimes, whether in the continuous mode or in the time dependent regime.
- the transmitted signal X is coupled via the coupling system 6, in particular the first coupling system 6a, to the transmission line 5 in order to be transmitted to the transmission line 5, in particular to the first transmission line 5a. .
- the transmitted signal X is thus received by the second set B. More specifically, the inductive element 3 of the second set B is powered by the transmitted signal X.
- the inductor element 3, in particular the coil 3, then generates an alternating magnetic field H.
- the target 4 is therefore located in a time-varying magnetic field H.
- Currents of Foucault 11 schematically shown in Figure 4 are then induced inside the target 4, which behaves as a closed electrical circuit.
- the impedance variation ⁇ consists of the difference between the target impedance Z of the inductive element 3 in the presence of the target 4, and in particular in the presence of the induced magnetic field Hi, and the air impedance Z of the inductive element 3 in the absence of the target 4, that is to say when the inductive element 3 is surrounded only by air.
- Z air can in particular be directly measured from the signals X2, Y2 of the reference assembly R of FIG. 3.
- the impedance variation ⁇ of a coil 3 as described above is more particularly given by the following relation: with r1 and r2 respectively the inner and outer radii of the coil 3. 11, 12 correspond to the distances respectively between the front end 3a and the rear end 3b of the coil 3 with respect to the target 4 along the main direction Z, as described above.
- A0 expresses the dependence on the properties of the target 4 of the magnetic field in the domain containing the inductor element 3. In particular, A0 varies as a function of the thickness e and the conductivity of the target 4.
- ⁇ is the magnetic permeability of the empty and ⁇ at a given frequency, ⁇ corresponds to a Bessel function integral.
- the impedance variation ⁇ ⁇ of the coil 3 thus depends on the conductivity and the thickness e of the target 4 via amplitude AO.
- An example of a relationship between the impedance variation ⁇ ⁇ and the thickness e of the target 4 is more precisely illustrated in FIG. 5.
- An example of a relationship between the impedance variation ⁇ ⁇ and the conductivity of the target 4 is more precisely illustrated in Figure 6.
- the curve in continuous line and the curve in cross respectively correspond to the values of the real part and the imaginary part of the impedance variation ⁇ .
- the second set B comprising the inductor element 3 and the target 4 reflects or transmits part of the signal to the ADC 2 of the first set A through the transmission line 5.
- the ADC 2 can thus measure the signal reflected or transmitted Y by the second set B.
- the reflected or transmitted signal Y is coupled via the coupling system 6, in particular the second coupling system 6b, to the ADC 2.
- the ADC 2 then transmits the received signal Y to the third set C.
- the third set C analyzes the transmitted X and received Y signals transmitted by the first set A and determines the Y / X ratio of the second set B over the frequency range ⁇ .
- the Fourier transform ratio of the received signal Y with respect to transmitted signal X makes it possible to obtain a measurement of this ratio Y / X which corresponds either to a reflection coefficient p or to a transmission coefficient R in frequency:
- the target impedance Z of the second set B, and in particular of the inductive element 3, is connected to the ratio Y / X, expressed in the plane of a section of the transmission line 5, by the relation:
- the third set C is now described in more detail.
- the third set C comprises an analysis system 7.
- the analysis system 7 uses a model 8 connecting the impedance variation ⁇ of the second set B to the conductivity of the target. 4.
- the model 8 may in particular be approximated by calibration from a set of known conductivity targets 4 made of different reference materials.
- the analysis system 7 determines the Y / X ratio from the transmitted signal X and the received signal Y, then determines the impedance variation ⁇ of the second set B.
- the model 8 then makes it possible, from this variation of impedance ⁇ , to deduce the conductivity of target 4 on the frequency range ⁇ .
- the analysis system 7 of the third set C uses a model 8 of the electromagnetic interaction between the inducing element 3 and the target 4.
- the analysis system 7 then also comprises a de minimisation algorithm .
- the iterative method it is possible to estimate both the conductivity and the thickness e of a semiconductor target by the iterative method. Still alternatively, it is possible to estimate by the iterative method a plurality of parameters of the target 4. It is for example possible to measure the conductivity and / or the thickness of a target 4 comprising a multilayer material and / or inhomogeneous. Indeed, in modifying the frequency of the transmitted signal X towards the second set B, it is possible to modify the penetration thickness of the magnetic field H in the target 4. Thus, the received signal Y is necessarily dependent on the first layer of the target 4, but may not be dependent on all the layers of the target 4. By varying the frequency of the transmitted signal X and thus the depth of penetration of the magnetic field H, it is possible to reconstruct a conductivity profile of the target 4 for different layers of a multilayer material or for different areas of a non-homogeneous material.
- these two parameters are initially estimated or randomly selected and then transmitted as initial input values in model 8 of the third set C.
- the Y / X ratio measurements for these two parameters for M different frequencies are then compared to the result of the experimental measurement for these M frequencies.
- the input values of the model 8, in particular the thickness e and the conductivity, are then modified iteratively via the minimization algorithm until a stop criterion is reached, for example until the difference between the output values of the model 8 and the result of experimental measurements is less than a predefined tolerance.
- the initial input values of the model 8 can be chosen arbitrarily, including randomly.
- the model 8 is adapted to converge towards final output values.
- the final output values of the model 8 then provide an estimate of the thickness e and conductivity parameters of the target 4.
- a single parameter ie the conductivity
- this measurement method can be generalized to N parameters to be determined and M to measurement frequencies, with the number of measurement frequencies M greater than or equal to the number N of parameters to be determined. Furthermore, since each measurement frequency M makes it possible to determine the real part and the imaginary part of a signal separately, it can also be possible to determine N parameters if the number of measurement frequencies M is greater than or equal to N / 2 parameters to be determined.
- the boundary conditions in the model 8 are adapted to the target 4.
- the complete geometry of the target 4 is in particular taken into account as values of the model 8.
- the minimum thickness e of the target 4 can be taken into account in the model 8 is, for example less than ⁇ , or even of the order of 10 nm.
- the distance 11 is also taken into account and compensated in the model 8 to take account of field losses.
- the term "optimal measurement sensitivity" is understood to mean that the ratio Y / X comprises a real part and / or an imaginary part varying respectively maximum around a particular measurement frequency.
- the target characterization 4 having a layer (s) of low conductivity and low thickness will be advantageously improved with the use of an emitted signal X having high frequencies.
- a high conductivity of the target 4 causes a small variation of the Y / X ratio for high frequencies.
- the frequency range ⁇ can be between 100 kHz to 2 GHz, or even between 100 kHz to 300 MHz.
- a FPGA Field-Programmable Programmable Logic Controller
- a fast processor coupled with digital / analogue and analog / digital fast converters can be used to rapidly scan a large frequency range ⁇ .
- the conductivity of a large number of materials can be estimated by this method, such as silicon, as well as compounds such as CIGS, CdTe, organic materials, new organic materials such as perovskytes, layers such as those based on III-V materials used in multi ⁇ pn functions.
- the method is used to optimize multi-layer / multi-surface surface treatments.
- the thickness or thicknesses of the semiconductor materials of the target 4 can be adapted for applications in electronics, in particular in the field of photovoltaics. These thicknesses usually vary from about 50 nm to a few microns for thin-film materials, and from a few tens of microns to a few hundred microns for bulk materials, such as crystalline silicon, for example. Their conductivities can vary from 1CT 3 S. IIT 1 to 10 4 S. m -1 . These conductivity values cover the typical range of conductivities of different types of semi ⁇ conductive materials, particularly those used for photovoltaic, as they are in the form of thin layers, or in the form of self-supporting wafers.
- the device is for example used for non-destructive testing of target 4 material.
- the second set B and in particular the target 4 may be used in solution or embedded in ceramics for use in environments with high thermal or chemical stresses since a semiconductor is sensitive to surrounding conditions.
- the target 4 can be used in a bath chemical.
- the measuring device makes it possible to measure the conductivity of the target 4 in the dark.
- a measurement reference in the dark may be used to allow a more sensitive measurement of the conductivity and / or the thickness e of targets 4 comprising one or more poorly photoconductive materials.
- the measuring device also makes it possible to measure the conductivity when the target 4, and in particular its first surface 4a and / or its second face 4b, is subjected to illumination.
- the measuring device can thus make it possible to measure conductivity values according to a regime dependent on time. According to this time-dependent regime, the conductivity values to which the target 4 is subjected can be related to the lifetime of the charge carriers of the target 4.
- the measurement method can thus comprise an FGPA card or a fast processor coupled to digital / analogue and analog / digital fast converters, as described above.
- an FPGA card makes it possible to obtain a very rapid measurement method making it possible to measure short life times of charge carriers of the target 4 or to be integrated in a measurement chain.
- a treatment of a surface of the target 4, in particular of the first surface 4a, can be performed to modify the lifetime of the charge carriers of the target 4.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1553392A FR3035224B1 (fr) | 2015-04-16 | 2015-04-16 | Mesure sans contact de la conductivite de semi-conducteurs |
| PCT/FR2016/050800 WO2016166449A1 (fr) | 2015-04-16 | 2016-04-07 | Mesure sans contact de la conductivité de semi-conducteurs |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3283891A1 true EP3283891A1 (fr) | 2018-02-21 |
| EP3283891B1 EP3283891B1 (fr) | 2024-03-13 |
| EP3283891B8 EP3283891B8 (fr) | 2024-06-05 |
Family
ID=53366157
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP16721874.2A Active EP3283891B8 (fr) | 2015-04-16 | 2016-04-07 | Mesure sans contact de la conductivité de semi-conducteurs |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US10429435B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP3283891B8 (fr) |
| ES (1) | ES2978971T3 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3035224B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2016166449A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106771849B (zh) * | 2016-11-15 | 2019-07-26 | 中国电子科技集团公司第四十一研究所 | 一种传输线上两个阻抗不连续点反射响应的测试方法 |
| CN119533261A (zh) * | 2024-12-03 | 2025-02-28 | 许昌学院 | 一种基于plc控制的热敏电阻芯片尺寸自动识别方法及系统 |
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| US4286215A (en) * | 1979-05-18 | 1981-08-25 | Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated | Method and apparatus for the contactless monitoring carrier lifetime in semiconductor materials |
| US4303885A (en) * | 1979-06-18 | 1981-12-01 | Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. | Digitally controlled multifrequency eddy current test apparatus and method |
| US6369603B1 (en) * | 1997-09-02 | 2002-04-09 | Midwest Research Institute | Radio frequency coupling apparatus and method for measuring minority carrier lifetimes in semiconductor materials |
| JP4265206B2 (ja) * | 2002-11-27 | 2009-05-20 | 株式会社 東北テクノアーチ | 非接触導電率測定システム |
| IL153894A (en) * | 2003-01-12 | 2010-05-31 | Nova Measuring Instr Ltd | Method and system for measuring the thickness of thin conductive layers |
| US8633700B1 (en) * | 2013-03-05 | 2014-01-21 | Hunt Energy Enterprises, Llc | Sensors for passive electroseismic and seismoelectric surveying |
| US9887587B2 (en) * | 2014-09-11 | 2018-02-06 | Cpg Technologies, Llc | Variable frequency receivers for guided surface wave transmissions |
| US9564861B2 (en) * | 2014-10-31 | 2017-02-07 | Nxp Usa, Inc. | Broadband radio frequency power amplifiers, and methods of manufacture thereof |
-
2015
- 2015-04-16 FR FR1553392A patent/FR3035224B1/fr active Active
-
2016
- 2016-04-07 WO PCT/FR2016/050800 patent/WO2016166449A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2016-04-07 ES ES16721874T patent/ES2978971T3/es active Active
- 2016-04-07 EP EP16721874.2A patent/EP3283891B8/fr active Active
- 2016-04-07 US US15/566,792 patent/US10429435B2/en active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3035224A1 (fr) | 2016-10-21 |
| US10429435B2 (en) | 2019-10-01 |
| FR3035224B1 (fr) | 2018-08-31 |
| US20180100887A1 (en) | 2018-04-12 |
| ES2978971T3 (es) | 2024-09-23 |
| EP3283891B1 (fr) | 2024-03-13 |
| EP3283891B8 (fr) | 2024-06-05 |
| WO2016166449A1 (fr) | 2016-10-20 |
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