EP3274274A2

EP3274274A2 - Method for converting secondary biological material into reusable energy and for storing said material, encasing method, and encasing device and encasing material herefor

Info

Publication number: EP3274274A2
Application number: EP16723928.4A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Fritz Schmitt
Original assignee: Rotho Babydesign GmbH
Current assignee: Rotho Babydesign GmbH
Priority date: 2015-03-22
Filing date: 2016-03-22
Publication date: 2018-01-31
Also published as: DE112016001333A5; WO2016150422A3; US20180065802A1; WO2016150422A2; CN107912019A

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for converting secondary biological material into reusable energy and for storing said material, wherein in the method according to the invention the secondary biological material is first packed, transported and stored in portions in at least one encasing material that is gas-tight in at least one layer. The encasing material and/or a substance that is added to the secondary biological material thus promote(s) at least one gas-forming process in the casing. The invention also relates to an encasing method for sealing secondary biological material in portions in casings using at least one transport device which is designed to form a receiving depression together with the first encasing material. The invention further relates to an encasing device for sealing secondary biological material in portions in a sealed casing for each portion, said encasing device comprising at least one fill opening for receiving a portion of the secondary biological material to be sealed on an encasing material in at least one receiving body. An encasing material according to the invention consists of a planar single web or multiple planar webs in multiple layers, or of a tube, comprising at least one gas-impermeable layer.

Description

Method of converting to and storing as recoverable

Energy from secondary biological materials,

Wrapping method, as well as wrapping device and

Wrapping material for this

The invention relates to a method for converting into and storing as usable energy from secondary biological materials, a wrapping method, as well as a

Enveloping device and a wrapping material for this. One could describe the field on which the invention takes place, also of nutrient recycling or the

Recovery of useful substances e.g. speak of urine or secondary bioenergy. The invention further relates to a wrapping method and a wrapping apparatus as disclosed, for example, in PCT / DE2015 / 000346. In particular with respect to the wrapping material, the invention relates to a gas-tight stretchable film, as disclosed in DE 20 2015 002 302. The contents of this international patent application and utility model are incorporated by reference in their entirety.

Considered as secondary biological materials the

Invention, for example, leftovers, slaughterhouse waste, fats, fruit waste, vegetable waste, compost in all stages,

Sewage sludge, used diapers, used toiletries, high protein industrial waste, high carbohydrate

Industrial waste, grease separator residues.

Today's energy supply is driven primarily by the fossil fuels oil, coal and natural gas, as well as by nuclear energy. The resulting problems and risks are well known. The possibilities of

Renewable energies are known to be diverse. Various technologies have long been a direct one

Confirmation copy | (eg photovoltaic) or indirect (eg water and wind power, as well as bioenergies) use of solar energy. Size

Expectations are placed in the energetic use of biomass. In Europe and Germany, biomass is currently the most widely used renewable energy source. At the request of the European Union should biomass - due to the large

untapped potential and relative market proximity compared to many other renewable energy options - will make an even bigger contribution in the future

Energy system and thus noticeably in the construction of a future environment-friendly and climate-friendly and thus

contribute to a more sustainable energy supply.

Bioenergy refers to energy derived from biomass. There are different forms of energy such as heat, electrical energy or fuel for internal combustion engines

locked in. Often biomass, in which the energy is chemically stored, is also called bioenergy. When

Main source of energy renewable resources are used.

The primary aim of this invention is to convert the biomass present so residues of food and human and animal excreta directly into usable energy. It would then not be used agricultural land to

solely for the production of energy to produce biomass. An advantage of secondary biomass, which does not consist of extra energy sources, is based on

their constant availability, especially where a lot of energy is needed. The presence of fossil fuels could be spared by using secondary biomass.

The problem underlying the invention is solved by a method for converting into and storing as recoverable energy from secondary biological materials all the features of claim 1, a wrapping method for portionwise sealing of secondary biological material according to claim 3, a wrapping apparatus according to claim 4 and a wrapping material according to claim 5.

Advantageous embodiments are specified in the subclaims and the description below.

Secondary biomass can help reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Combustion of biomass releases only as much carbon dioxide as was previously absorbed by photosynthesis from the atmosphere. at

Bioenergies from excrements, food residues, etc. must be taken into account when producing and

Use, for example, nitrous oxide or methane arise, which are also used in addition to the solids and

can be stored. This idea is based on the invention, which deals, for example, with how to handle the secondary bioenergy up to their recovery in order to be able to manage it.

Bioenergy can be used together with biogenic residues

provide publicly available sources 16 to 35 percent of the world's energy needs. Due to economic and political restrictions was a levy of the

Potential, however, may only be about half (ie, 8 to 17.5 percent of world energy demand). Note in all these calculations and investigations is not the further utilization of secondary biomass. Together with biogenic residues, half of the world's total energy needs can be met by using secondary biomass, without

that uses competitions to nature conservation or

Food supply would arise. In Germany alone, around 18.4 million tons of food ends up in trash every year. If biofuels are grown in intensive agriculture, this leads to environmental pollution. As a rule, pesticides and mineral fertilizers are used, which can lead to pollution of water and groundwater and whose production is also very energy-intensive.

Since bioenergy, unlike wind and solar power, is easily storable, it is seen as an important balancing energy for the future power supply (virtual power plant).

Scientists suggest using bioenergy for combined power and heat generation (combined heat and power) instead of fuel. A disadvantage of the currently used method is that a lot of energy is spent to produce the biomass.

At the same time, researchers, development workers and

Engineers from all over the world for decades on the toilet question. For example, there are dry toilets where the feces are passed into a straw-filled container and composted, bag toilets in which chemicals kill the germs, and toilets, the urine to fertilizer

convert.

So far, however, none of these technologies has brought the breakthrough. A solution is urgently needed: According to the World Health Organization, there are still 2.5 billion people worldwide without access to a toilet.

The aim of the invention is to create a type of power generation that uses existing secondary biomass to generate energy. For example, the secondary biomass is packaged directly by the end user / producer and possibly stored, that in particular by the nature of the packaging independently storable energy, such as methane, is generated.

Against this background, the invention proposes, in particular human u. turning animal fecal matter into energy, especially because human or animal waste is not just a source of methane but also a generator. So far, aqueous biomass waste from humans and animals, ie especially from the sewage systems of our cities and the waste from agriculture, are not used efficiently. Between two films can be adjusted according to an inventive concept, over or under pressure to gas from an inner bag

filter out. The pore size of the inner film corresponds to the substance to be passed through. Thus, a classification effect can be achieved by an enclosure according to the invention.

A solution according to the invention consists in a

Packaging unit for secondary biomass. The invention proposes an advantageous coating apparatus which packs the secondary biomass in portions into wrapping material according to the invention. The inventive packaging advantageous embodiments consists of several

Layers, for example a plurality of films or laminated films, each film or film layer having certain properties, for example, secondary biomass in storable energy, e.g. Converts methane gas or other forms of energy sources and stores them at the same time.

A wrapper in the sense of the invention is not just a foil or a paper into the or the secondary organic

Material is wrapped until tight. One

Wrapping material according to the invention may also be a continuous material from a magazine, a disposable glove or a Sanitary articles such as diapers or sanitary napkins or parts thereof or therefrom.

The wrapping films may be advantageous

Embodiments of the invention, for example, such

be coated so that a gel on the film to optimize the formation of methane at least a first organic

Component and at least one second inorganic

Component, so that a microorganism flora on the coated surface a clear

Increasing the efficiency of the biogas process achieved, so secondary bioenergy increasingly converted into methane gas or other forms of energy. For generating energy from secondary biomass are thereby advantageous

Embodiments of the invention preferably utilize methane gas patterns and heat, such as solar energy, that radiates to black cladding stored in the open air.

For example, meat packaging methods are known in which, for example, nitrogen is added before or during gas-tight sealing to primary organic material, so that at least aerobic bacterial activity is slowed down. Exactly completely different from that lies

Invention in the case of meat based on the idea that - at least at some point - such aerobic

Activity is desired to form methane. Therefore, advantageous serving materials for meat have a first life span for preservation and a second life span

Provide a period of life for targeted energy. After a certain shelf life, methane gas generators were specifically activated by coating materials developed for this purpose, so that there is no longer any doubt as to the expired shelf life due to the bulging packaging. That way thus prevent the Umetikettierschwindel. Of the

Nitrogen would, for example, after expiration of the

Durability limit in a short time at the inner

Enveloping surface set, preferably with passage of oxygen into the envelope interior.

In an advantageous coating according to the invention, organic substances are decomposed by the action of bacteria. When using suitable bacteria this produces methane gas, which is usually fed to a generator for generating electrical energy, which is fed into a supply network. A significant influencing factor here is the

Propagation rate of beneficial bacteria. One problem is that the biomass contains bacteria that compete with each other. This problem solves a favorable one

Embodiment of the invention in that the

decomposing biomass suitable preparations are added to promote the proliferation of beneficial bacteria. Both the effectiveness of basically known preparations and the required amount of preparation per ton of biomaterial has been found to be unsatisfactory. The present invention therefore sought to improve such a preparation such that with a comparatively low

Amount of preparation the proliferation of beneficial bacteria is sufficiently supported. The preparation becomes one after

Embodiment of the invention directly in or on the

Packaging unit for secondary biomass placed. On an advantageous wrapping film, for example, according to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, a nutrient medium may be coated, which promotes the multiplication of the preparations and at the same time inhibits the multiplication of other bacteria not considered useful bacteria. This object is achieved according to a further advantageous embodiment in that the first component of a coating consists of material that offers the bacteria an optimal environment for propagation. A

Coating the film or the film itself performs as

Nutrient soil to an optimal environment for the beneficial bacteria. The coating material or the film serves both as additional food for the bacteria and also leads to optimal environmental conditions. In addition, the proliferation of not regarded as beneficial bacteria

inhibited other bacteria.

Advantageous coating according to the invention

Envelope materials or the wrapping materials themselves contain, for example, in increased concentration,

Combination or purity:

Potassium, sodium, ammonium, magnesium,

Magnesium alginates, alkali metals or alkaline earth metals,

Clay minerals, vegetable amino acids, salts, alkalis, nutrient salts,

Trace nutrients,

Oxides, hydroxides or carbonates, phosphates or

Trace nutrients (Zn, Cu, Mn, Co, Ni, Mo, Cl, Se, and others),

Amino acids and or proteins, namely plant, animal or synthetic proteins.

For the purposes of the invention, all materials which serve for methane gas formation come into consideration. The film of an advantageous embodiment emits such materials as residual monomer. In advantageous embodiments of the invention, the packaging unit for the secondary biomass is a

particular biomaterial specially tuned.

It turns out to be an advantage of the invention that the addition of nutrient medium in or on the packaging of secondary biomass in particular to a start of biogas production of

This is a considerable advantage, as it optimized for the beneficial bacteria compared to the other bacteria

Propagation conditions are provided. After a suitable initial ignition, the material continues to have a positive effect on the proliferation of bacteria, but these are already strengthened so that significant

Propagation advantages over the other bacteria

available. After the appropriate initial ignition is an essential part of the promotional effect of the coating material in an optimization of the metabolism of

Useful bacteria and thus increased production of biogas.

According to an advantageous embodiment, a first

Component of the coating based on biological

Material produced, which serves as a breeding ground for the bacteria. The goal was, for example, the entire

Coating material with alkali metals such as potassium, sodium, ammonium, magnesium, etc. with added water so that a coating is formed as a carrier material for e.g. Potassium, sodium, ammonium or magnesium alginates is appropriate. Also for amino acids, vitamins, hormones, laminarin, focucin, betaine and many other herbal

Substances.

As a second component of such advantageous embodiments, inorganic substances were preferably used. clay minerals, such as montmorillonite, vermikullite, kaolin.it, ground meal in combination with open-minded or not

Digested algae led to the improvement of biogas and methane gas bacteria. Advantageously, small amounts of clay minerals are used for the better activity of the bacteria in the combination.

As a third component of such advantageous embodiments, inorganic substances may also be used. Oxides, hydroxides and salts such as potassium, sodium, calcium,

Magnesium, iron and ammonium salts are used in the

Combination for improved sulfur binding. When electricity is generated, the sulfur compounds protect the engines of the power generators from sulfuric acid corrosion and correct or buffer the pH in the packaging unit.

Also particularly preferred as a fourth component

Embodiments use inorganic substances.

Phosphate and trace nutrients (Zn, Cu, Mn, Co, Ni, Mo, Cl, Se, and others) are used to compensate for the absence of

organic matter (e.g., corn) in the fermenter.

As a fifth component are preferably organic

Substances used. Amino acids and or proteins

(herbal, animal or synthetic) improve the composition and activity of microorganisms, especially when food waste is used.

The symbiosis between acetogenic and methanogenic bacteria and the biological balance are retained, only the degradation of the organic substance is accelerated. The

Promotion of acetogenic and methanogenic bacteria causes acetic acid, propionic acid, etc. org. Acids mined be prevented and a "tip over" in the packaging unit.

According to further advantageous embodiments

According to coating materials according to the invention, at least one layer has a reinforced perforated edge or a bottom and at least one side wall, between layers a regulating functional unit, in particular a paste or sealing liquid, which during deformation of the

Envelope whose gas-tightness is guaranteed.

Further advantageous embodiments of wrapping materials according to the invention have two or more films which can be joined together by embossing a gas-tight seam, so that a cavity results.

According to further advantageous embodiments

According to the coating materials according to the invention, at least one inner layer reacts on the wrapped in the envelope

Materials by contact or outgassing, especially as a shrinkage on contact with urine.

According to further advantageous embodiments

According wrapping materials according to the invention, the envelope is weldable at a maximum of 70 ° C.

According to further advantageous embodiments

According to coating materials according to the invention, at least one layer is metal-coated, so that after it kinks, the shock waves generated thereby cause a spontaneous crystallization of a salt of a supersaturated solution taken in an intermediate layer, whereby heat is released.

According to further advantageous embodiments

Inventive wrapping materials has the secondary biological material facing surface of the wrapping material after wrapping methanogen or

Methanogens on whose energy metabolism

Methane formation takes place.

According to further advantageous embodiments

Inventive wrapping materials, the envelope on an adhesive, in particular an adhesive which can be cured by means of an external power source, for example when unwinding from a magazine.

According to further advantageous embodiments

Inventive wrapping materials is strong

absorbent material is distributed between two films so that moisture penetrating through a microperforated film causes the absorbent material to swell and consequently the film closes tightly.

According to further advantageous embodiments

According to the coating materials according to the invention, the layering with various films has a classifying effect, with the result that the coating in certain areas accumulates certain substances.

The term film is understood here not limited to plastic. Foil may be after understanding this

Description also at least partially made of paper, latex or rubber.

The invention will be described below with reference to FIGS

illustrated embodiments explained in more detail. Show it

Fig. 1 is a schematic representation with perspective

Look at parts of a key to the function

Covering device according to the invention in an open

loading position, Fig. 2, the wrapping apparatus of Figure 1 in a greatly simplified sketch to a closed

Sealing position,

Fig. 3, the wrapping apparatus of Figure 1 in a highly simplified sketch to a downwardly open

Ejection position,

Fig. 4 is a graphic illustration of the

Process steps of the inventive method for

Convert to and save as usable energy

secondary biological materials,

5 shows a perspective sketch of a rubbish bin comprising the wrapping device according to the invention according to FIG. 2 in the closed sealing position, FIG.

6 shows the trash can from FIG. 5 in the open loading position according to FIG. 1, FIG.

7 shows the trash can from FIG. 5 in the ejection position according to FIG. 3, FIG.

8 shows sketches of wrapping materials according to the invention according to various embodiments,

FIGS. 9 to 13 are sketches for further embodiments of a wrapping material.

FIGS. 1 to 3 and 5 to 7 show an exemplary embodiment of a covering device 1 according to the invention

portionwise sealing of secondary biological

Material in a sealed envelope per serving

outlined. The wrapping device 1 has a filling opening 12 for receiving a portion of the to be closed secondary biological material on a wrapping material 20 in a receiving body 14. In this illustrated

Embodiment is the receiving body 14 symmetrically opposite a second receiving body 15, via which also a wrapping material 30 runs in the direction of movement 0.

Both serving materials take after this

Embodiment, the secondary organic material between them.

The receiving body 14, 15 are received in a common motion coordinator, not shown, which provides for propulsion of the portion in at least the direction of movement 0. For this purpose, it moves both receiving body of a single synchronous similar movement from an open loading position (Fig. 1, 6) in a closed sealing position (Fig. 2, 5) passing into a downwardly open

Ejection position (Fig. 3, 7).

The filling opening 12 is arranged transversely to the direction of movement O between two, each with a wrapping material 20, 30 filled, not shown magazines.

The receiving body 14, 15 funtkionieren in their sealing position as a union device, which in the field of

Filling opening 12, namely around it, is arranged to the wrapping materials 20, 30 together to connect the secondary biological material. The only motion influenced by the motion coordinator causes, in its similar course of motion, successive or at least partially simultaneously occurring: a

Closing the receiving opening 12 with compression and / or volume changes of a receiving mold, sealing the wrapping and ejecting the packaged portion. In Figure 4, the inventive method for converting to and storing as usable energy from secondary

outlined biological materials. This method first extracts the secondary biological material from a biobin according to the illustrated embodiment. The

Secondary biological material is packaged in portions in at least one layer of gas-tight wrapping material. The packaged material is transported and preferably stored in the sun, wherein the wrapping material and / or a substance added to the secondary biological material

promotes at least one gas formation in the enclosure and / or urea classified into a separate fraction and / or separated another usable fraction. For example, a fermentation process takes place favorably.

The portions then arrive after the illustrated

Embodiment in treatment towers, in which first methane gas is removed. The degassed wraps are subsequently burned, for example for heating a

House.

In FIG. 8, exemplary embodiments are according to the invention

Coating materials roughly sketched in their composition. An upper portion of a wrapper could have a foil portion of memory plastic. Its pores open and close depending on temperature, pressure or voltage. The valve function is open and closed

Outlined valve cover. The valve function we

For example, electrostatically activated or mechanically by swelling interlayer material.

FIG. 9 shows a thermally insulated outer foil

Iron powder, table salt, activated carbon and / or water. So can According to an advantageous embodiment, an exothermic reaction can be triggered specifically.

According to Figure 10, alternatively, a release layer a

To divide into two main chambers. At least one of the films used in this embodiment is coated with a methane gas generator. Another film is coated with an absorber.

As shown in Figure 11, the release layer has pore sizes of about 0.15 mm to pass water molecules. Another foil can be targeted only in one direction methane gas pass into a special chamber. This is how you get started

Classification effect.

Referring to Figure 12, the structure of a film takes into account the molecular size and spatial structure of methane. A

Outer shell is according to this embodiment anyway

gas-tight, especially against methane gas. On the inside, facing the secondary organic material, a membrane allows the methane gas to pass into a separate chamber.

FIG. 13 shows a foil with solar energy storage.

For example, a coating with fluorescent properties is provided. Sometimes an outer foil is dyed black. So almost the function of a natural plant leaf is achieved.

Claims

Claims :

A method of converting to and storing as recoverable energy from secondary biological materials, which method first packages the secondary biological material in at least one at least one layer of gas-tight wrapping material in portions, transports and stores the packaged material, wherein the

Wrapping material and / or a secondary

biological material added promotes at least one gas formation in the enclosure and / or urea classified into a separate fraction and / or separated another usable fraction.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that after or during the gas formation several filled by the method according to claim 1 shells first in a gas extraction stage only gas is removed, and that following the gas extraction stage the still filled, but at least partially degas

Envelopes are fed to a utilization or combustion stage.

3. wrapping method for portionwise closing of secondary biological material in enclosures with

3.1 at least one transport device for at least a first, gas-tight in at least one layer

Wrapping material (20, 30), which transport device is intended together with the first wrapping material (20) to form a receiving recess (12),

3.2 at least one closure device, which the

secondary biological material by means of at least

Contacting the biodegradable

Encapsulating material with itself or another biodegradable wrapping material gas-tight by means of positive engagement, bonding and / or welding and / or other closure principles is intended to close, and

3.3 at least one closable body (14, 15),

3.4 wherein the inserted in the receiving recess (12)

secondary biological material in the case of

Compressibility compresses or it the

Filling cavity is forced into the same, in any case, the secondary biological material is at least substantially vacuum-sealed before closing,

3.5 being a not yet completely closed

Contact area of the enclosure remains open until a rear end of the enclosure is sealed.

4. wrapping device (1) for portionwise closing of secondary biological material in one

sealed serving per serving with

4.1 at least one filling opening (12) for receiving a portion of the secondary biological material to be sealed on a wrapping material (20) in at least one receiving body (14),

4.2 a motion coordinator for propulsion of the portion in at least one direction of movement (O),

4.3 where either

4.3.1 the filling opening (12) seen in the direction of movement (0) or transversely to the direction of movement (O) between at least two with at least one wrapping material (20) or the same or dissimilar wrapping materials (20, 30) filled magazines is arranged

4.3.2 or at least such a magazine (20, 30) at least

two identical or non-same wrapping materials stockpiled, which wrapping materials in

Movement direction (O) seen before reaching the

Befüllöffnung or in the filling opening (12) are present separately or separable,

4.4 and with a combining device, which is arranged in the region of the filling opening or above the filling opening (12) to the wrapping material with itself or the wrapping materials with each other, the secondary biological material enclosing each other

connect,

4.5 being a single by the motion coordinator

influenced movement in their like

Movement causes at least the receiving body (14), namely consecutive or at least partially taking place simultaneously:

4.5.1 closing the receiving opening with compression and / or volume changes of a receiving mold,

4.5.2 a sealing of the casing and

4.5.3 Ejecting the packaged portion.

5. wrapping material, consisting of a flat

single or multiple layers in several layers

flat webs or a hose, namely made

Plastic film (s) and / or paper, having at least one gas-impermeable layer, in particular having at least one of the following properties:

in at least one layer impermeable to all gases starting with the molecular size of methane and larger, in at least one layer having a membrane for separating urine,

having a perforated inside,

at least in one layer acting as a vacuum osmosis

Filter,

with different degrees of hardness in zones, especially in zones between layers,

with reactive material between layers,

with at least one valve layer comprising

sealable pores, which pores close in particular during filling or puffing after gas evolution, gas-permeable layers from the inside to the outside,

especially to capture methane between two outer layers,

gas permeable layers from outside to inside,

especially to deliver oxygen to, for example, wrapped meat so that aerobic processes are favored, shrinkable by temperature influence, too

Volume change of the envelope, in particular for

Support of a vacuuming,

a cladding coated with at least partially deep-drawn layer, materials or agglomerates which react upon contact with the secondary biological material,

comprising a protective film on at least one side of the enclosure, after the removal of which a residual monomer is released and comes into contact with the secondary biological material,

a dissolving layer after a certain time, a phosphorescent layer whose radiation is preferably activated during the coating, particularly preferably by means of electrostatic activation during

Unwinding a wrapping material,

a fluorescent layer for activating

Processes in the secondary biological material,

an intermediate layer of activated carbon, in particular in

Case of secondary biological materials, which are toxic

Secrete vapors,

a layer of water in the case of disposal of radioactive secondary biological material, for example in the hospital,

a surface with microspheres that burst under pressure and secrete adhesive, for example.

The wrapping material of claim 5, being part of a sterile inner glove package, the glove being made of the wrapping material.