EP3261883A1 - Dispositif de detection et d'analyse de la nature d'obstacles - Google Patents
Dispositif de detection et d'analyse de la nature d'obstaclesInfo
- Publication number
- EP3261883A1 EP3261883A1 EP16707687.6A EP16707687A EP3261883A1 EP 3261883 A1 EP3261883 A1 EP 3261883A1 EP 16707687 A EP16707687 A EP 16707687A EP 3261883 A1 EP3261883 A1 EP 3261883A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- sensor
- obstacle
- vehicle
- detection
- pedestrian
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
- B60R21/01—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents
- B60R21/013—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents including means for detecting collisions, impending collisions or roll-over
- B60R21/0134—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents including means for detecting collisions, impending collisions or roll-over responsive to imminent contact with an obstacle, e.g. using radar systems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/94—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the way in which the control signals are generated
- H03K17/945—Proximity switches
- H03K17/955—Proximity switches using a capacitive detector
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/94—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the way in which the control signals are generated
- H03K17/96—Touch switches
- H03K2017/9602—Touch switches characterised by the type or shape of the sensing electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K2217/00—Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00
- H03K2217/94—Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00 characterised by the way in which the control signal is generated
- H03K2217/9401—Calibration techniques
- H03K2217/94026—Automatic threshold calibration; e.g. threshold automatically adapts to ambient conditions or follows variation of input
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K2217/00—Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00
- H03K2217/94—Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00 characterised by the way in which the control signal is generated
- H03K2217/96—Touch switches
- H03K2217/9607—Capacitive touch switches
- H03K2217/96071—Capacitive touch switches characterised by the detection principle
- H03K2217/960715—Rc-timing; e.g. measurement of variation of charge time or discharge time of the sensor
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K2217/00—Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00
- H03K2217/94—Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00 characterised by the way in which the control signal is generated
- H03K2217/96—Touch switches
- H03K2217/9607—Capacitive touch switches
- H03K2217/960755—Constructional details of capacitive touch and proximity switches
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K2217/00—Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00
- H03K2217/94—Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00 characterised by the way in which the control signal is generated
- H03K2217/96—Touch switches
- H03K2217/9607—Capacitive touch switches
- H03K2217/960755—Constructional details of capacitive touch and proximity switches
- H03K2217/960765—Details of shielding arrangements
Definitions
- the present invention relates to devices for detecting an obstacle likely to collide with a vehicle, in particular a pedestrian or a cyclist.
- radar sensors most often use a technique
- FMCW Frequency Modulation Continuous Wave
- a frequency band between 76 and 77Ghz was reserved for them in Europe and in the United States, as explained in S. Jouannin's thesis "Association and data fusion: application to monitoring and locating obstacles by RADAR aboard 'Intelligent Road Vehicle', SPI Doctoral School, LASMEA, Clermont Ferrand, 1999, and D. Langer 'n Integrated MMW Radar System for Outdoor Navigation', Carnegie Mellon University, The Robotics Institute, USA, 1997, and in articles by T. Kato et al., "76 GHz high performance radar sensor with fine step scanning mechanism utilizing NRD technology", Proceedings of the IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium 2001, pp. 163-170, and H.
- laser rangefinders emit in the visible (LIDAR, “Light Detection And Ranging” in English) or in the infrared (IRDAR, “Infra Red Detection And Ranging “in English), as explained in the articles by P. Checchin et al. "Vehicle Pedestrian Detection System: Laser Telemetry Approach", Proceedings of the 14th National Research Symposium on IUT 2008, and KC Fuerstenberg et al.
- the application EP 2 628 662 describes a system for parking a vehicle, particularly along a road, to prevent collision with another vehicle in the vicinity, using two sensors to compare the trajectories of the two vehicles. vehicles.
- WO 2009/042692 discloses a parking assistance system, especially when the vehicle is reversing.
- This system uses a sensor placed at the rear of the vehicle, configured to be in capacitive coupling with a possible obstacle, the capacity of the sensor varying when the vehicle approaches, in order to measure the distance separating them and to trigger alarms when predefined distances are reached.
- the application WO 2011/155893 describes a pedestrian detection system comprising two sensors and a ground antenna, arranged on a vehicle, the system measuring the difference in potential between the ground and the sensors when an obstacle is approaching, and triggering alarms when predefined thresholds are reached. It has also been proposed to equip motor vehicles with means to reduce the severity of injuries in the event of impact with a pedestrian or a cyclist, such as a pedestrian "Airbag". A difficulty with this kind of means is not to trigger them wrongly. It is thus necessary to differentiate the approach of a pedestrian leading to a collision of situations that may occur during driving, such as the bringing together of two vehicles at a red light, or in the event of sudden braking of the preceding vehicle, or when the vehicle parks.
- the invention aims to meet this need and it achieves, in one of its aspects, with a device for detecting an obstacle likely to collide with a vehicle, including a pedestrian or a cyclist , and analysis of the nature of this obstacle, in particular with a view to triggering an appropriate protective measure, comprising:
- an acquisition and analysis system configured to compare the evolution of the response of the sensor with reference data concerning the evolution of the response of the sensor according to the nature of the obstacle, and to deduce, as a function of at least from the result of this comparison, the nature of the obstacle.
- the invention also relates to a method of detecting an obstacle likely to collide with a vehicle, in particular a pedestrian or a cyclist, and of analyzing the nature of this obstacle, in particular with a view to triggering a suitable protective measure, using a detection and analysis device according to the invention, comprising a capacitive sensor reacting to an intrusion in a predefined detection perimeter and an acquisition and analysis system, a method in which, when the sensor detects an intrusion, the acquisition and analysis system:
- the reference data advantageously relate to the evolution, as a function of distance, of the response of the sensor to the intrusion of a pedestrian, and better of a cyclist as well.
- Intrusions can be very variable in nature.
- the invention makes it possible to discriminate a pedestrian or even a cyclist from another obstacle, such as a vehicle for example, by analyzing the "vehicle-obstacle" approach thanks to the reference data.
- the device according to the invention can be configured to trigger at least one protection system when the acquisition and analysis system determines that the obstacle is a pedestrian or even a cyclist; this protection system may in particular comprise at least one air bag placed outside the vehicle, in particular at the front, for example in front of the front windshield, and / or a bonnet lifting member, and / or a means for triggering emergency braking. If the shock is inevitable, it protects the pedestrian better, and reduce the severity of injuries.
- the invention makes it possible to trigger the protection systems appropriately, when it is certain that the obstacle is a pedestrian, or even a cyclist, and not another vehicle or a parking pad, for example.
- the acquisition and analysis system can deliver binary information, the state "1" corresponding for example to the detection of a pedestrian and the state "0" to the absence of detection of a pedestrian.
- the acquisition and analysis system can be arranged, if necessary, to deliver more complex information, for example differentiating the nature of the detected obstacle, for example "pedestrian” or “cyclist”, or "adult” or “child”.
- other information can be provided, such as, for example, the calculated relative speed or the error rate, in order to help the protection system to decide whether or not to actuate the protection means, for example by re-crossing the information received with other data from the vehicle, for example its speed, acceleration or deceleration, its location.
- the device is advantageously configured to trigger at least one protection system only when the speed of the vehicle exceeds a predetermined non-zero speed, in particular equal to 10 km / h, better at 12 km / h.
- the invention is particularly intended for urban areas and for vehicle speeds between 10 km / h and 75 km / h, better between 12 km / h and 72 km / h. It is advantageous indeed that the detection device is inoperative below about 10 km / h, because the vehicle must be able to perform maneuvers at low speed, including parking. Beyond about 72 km / h, the energies involved are such that it is illusory to want to protect people from a frontal impact with the vehicle.
- the detection device according to the invention can be used as a parking aid, for vehicle speeds below about 10 km / h, where the protection systems are deactivated.
- the acquisition and analysis system may comprise a processor, for example a microcontroller.
- the device can be configured to transmit information to be viewed on the dashboard or the front windshield of the vehicle.
- the reference data may correspond to upper and lower limits of the sensor response depending on the distance of the obstacle to the vehicle.
- the capacitive sensor is sensitive to the intrusion of an obstacle as a function of the capacitive coupling with the obstacle.
- the sensor comprises an electrically conductive detection surface, being for example at least part of the front grille, skirt and / or bumper of the vehicle, this part having been made if necessary electrically conductive, by applying a conductive paint or by using doped materials, forming a primer.
- the sensor may comprise an active element, an electrically charged primer and a primer, corresponding in particular to a conductive paint, the primer and the primer being in particular deposited on the bumper of the vehicle.
- the device according to the invention preferably comprises an electrical circuit comprising a variable voltage generator, in particular sinusoidal, configured to carry a detection surface of the sensor at a potential V (t).
- the ratio between the amount of charge Qso (t) at the surface of the sensor and the potential V (t) to which it is carried is constant and depends only on the geometry of the sensor.
- Field lines emanate for example perpendicularly from the surface of the sensor to be evanescent to infinity ces, these field lines defining the perimeter of detection of the sensor.
- This vector field imposes in each point M of the space of the detection perimeter the vector electric field Eu x, y, z, t).
- the detection perimeter for example of substantially hemispherical shape, depends on the topology of the sensor, in particular its surface, and the value of the electric potential V (t) to which it is applied.
- This capacitance variation can be detected by monitoring, for example, the current flowing from the voltage generator to the detection surface.
- the detection device may comprise at least two guard screens, a first shield screen, grounded, being located behind the sensor, a second guard screen, carried at the same potential as the detection surface of the sensor, being located between the latter and the first guard screen.
- the first guard screen protects the sensor disturbances from the vehicle, including the engine, the alternator, the fan motor, the water pump, and / or the radiator.
- the coupling of the sensor with the first guard screen grounded is very strong and the capacitance of the Csmasse sensor is much greater than its own capacity Cso. This has two drawbacks: the field lines emanating from the sensor tend to fold towards the first grounded guard screen and the detection perimeter is very substantially reduced, and for coupling with an obstacle, the infusion ratio / Csmasse is weaker.
- the second guard screen brought to the same potential as the detection surface of the sensor, overcomes these disadvantages and further increase the sensitivity of the detection.
- the capacity of the Csgarde sensor is advantageously less than its own capacitance Cso, implying that the sensor field lines are more oriented towards the front of the vehicle, and that for a coupling with an obstacle, the ratio Cintmsio Csgarde is higher.
- this can reduce the active loads carried by the sensor, requiring to increase the voltage V (t).
- the first shielded screen, grounded can be made using the metal parts of the vehicle, such as the radiator or reinforcements for example, and / or using a wire mesh.
- At least part of the grille, the skirt and / or the front bumper of the vehicle, having been made conductive electricity, can play the role of the second guard screen at the same potential as the sensor.
- the evolution of the response of the sensor analyzed by the acquisition and analysis system corresponds to the variation over time of a signal representative of the electrical charges on the detection surface of the sensor, measured by the electrical circuit. , and dependent at least on a capacitance Cs (t, d) of the sensor, a function of the coefficient of influence C m - tmsion of the obstacle on the sensor, said representative signal being in particular the current flowing in the sensor, represented advantageously by an output voltage of the electric circuit.
- the electrical charges at the detection surface of the sensor being supplied by the current I, the latter can be indirectly measured by measuring the voltage V R across a resistor R of the electrical circuit, arranged in series with the voltage generator.
- the following relation advantageously exists between the output voltage Vs of the electric circuit and the capacitance Cs (t, d) of the sensor, in sinusoidal mode:
- C s (t, d) KC s (t, d), with V (t) the electrical potential at which the sensor is carried, preferably corresponding to the voltage of the voltage generator, A v an amplifier coefficient, and / the frequency of the voltage generator.
- the sensitivity of the sensor advantageously depends on the value of the intensity of the current I, and therefore of the potential at which it is carried, of the frequency of the voltage generator, of the value of the resistor R.
- the value of the rms current I is increased, which increases the sensitivity of the sensor.
- the electrical circuit may comprise integrated linear operational amplifiers, for example of the OPA 445 or LTC 6090 type, in order to adjust the current I to be measured, the latter being of the order of a few tens to a few hundred microamperes, and the variations of the current to be measured being preferably lower than the nanoampere.
- integrated linear operational amplifiers for example of the OPA 445 or LTC 6090 type
- the frequency of the voltage generator can be between 100 kHz and 100 MHz, better between 148.5 kHz and 10 MHz. This makes it possible not to interfere with sensors for parking assistance that may be present at the front of the vehicle, away from their frequency levels.
- the device according to the invention may comprise a DC to DC voltage converter in order to use the vehicle battery to power the voltage generator of the electric circuit.
- This converter is advantageously configured to convert the voltage of the battery of 12 V into a voltage of approximately ⁇ 45 V.
- the resulting output current can be between 3 mA and 10 mA, being for example limited to 5 mA. This current is sufficient to power the electrical circuit and overcomes any electrical risk to safety, especially avoiding electrocution of a man.
- the capacity of the sensor Cs preferably depends on its capacity Csgarde in the presence of the guard screens. This ability can be considered constant.
- the capacity of the sensor Cs preferably also depends on its capacity Cscapot in the presence of the hood of the vehicle and its capacity Cssoi presents soil.
- the model of the sensor's capacity in the absence of obstacles can be expressed as follows:
- the capacitances Cscapot and Cssoi advantageously vary relatively slowly over time, the permittivity of the air Smr slowly changing over time as a function of the humidity of the air at atmospheric pressure, the permittivity of the soil is so low. being considered constant, as well as sensor / ground and sensor / hood distances.
- the coefficient of influence C m - t msion of the obstacle on the sensor may depend at least on the surface of the sensor Scapteur, the permittivity Sobstade and the body surface Sobstacle of the obstacle, and the distance dobstade between the obstacle and the sensor.
- the influence coefficient of the obstacle on the sensor can be modeled by: c Cs mt rusion ISol
- the model of the sensor's capacity can be expressed as follows:
- the voltage Vs (d), static is raised for the approximation of an experimental pedestrian in front of the sensor.
- Tests have shown that a large adult or a child will be detected by the sensor at approximately the same distance.
- the rate of change of the capacity is preferably used, which makes it possible to overcome the slow disturbances with respect to the acquisition time of the values:
- this rate of change can be defined by the rate of change of the voltage Vs (d):
- the slope of this rate of change can be defined by
- Vs (d) to establish baseline data.
- V is the potential at which the sensor is carried, preferably corresponding to the voltage of the voltage generator.
- the voltage across the resistor R can be expressed by:
- the upper limit of the reference data can be expressed as:
- the pedestrian can be considered at potential Vn (d) non-zero, all the field lines emitted by the sensor does not end on the pedestrian.
- the active surface of the sensor to be considered, corresponding to the base surface of the electric field tube coming from the sensor and projecting on the pedestrian according to the theorem of the corresponding elements, is less than the total surface of the sensor.
- Sactive .Sensor with 0 ⁇ a ⁇ 1.
- the intensity of the current can then be expressed by:
- the voltage across the resistor R can be expressed as:
- V RM (d) V - RI I I n nf f ('d) ⁇ ⁇ . ⁇ ⁇ , Sup (d) with: 0 ⁇ 77 ⁇ 1
- the lower limit of the reference data can be expressed as:
- the coefficients ⁇ and ⁇ advantageously depend on the geometry of the front of the vehicle and the level of reliability desired for the discrimination of a pedestrian.
- Reference data can be established in the same way for a cyclist.
- the acquisition and analysis system preferably comprises a memory in which the reference data are previously recorded.
- the largest detection distance within the predefined detection perimeter may be less than 1.5 m, being for example equal to 1.25 m approximately.
- the acquisition of a history can begin when, at the greatest detection distance, the rate of variation of the voltage Vs (d) is greater than that of the reference data at this same distance.
- the acquisition frequency of the values of the response of the sensor advantageously depends on the speed of the vehicle, said acquisition frequency being notably higher when the speed of the vehicle is high, and preferably corresponding to a predefined displacement distance of the vehicle, especially equal to 1 cm.
- the acquisition and analysis system may be configured to determine whether the evolution of the sensor response is inscribed within the lower and upper limits of the reference data for a set of acquired values for a range of distances at the predefined obstacle, between a minimum distance and a maximum distance, preferably equal to 0.6 m and 1 m, respectively. This distance of 0.6 m makes it possible to trigger the protection system in time, in order to better protect the pedestrian or even the cyclist from the impact.
- the distance between the obstacle and the vehicle is preferably known through at least the speed of the vehicle.
- the acquisition and analysis system can be configured to acquire values of the voltage Vs (d) as a function of the speed of the vehicle. For each acquisition, the following digital processing can be performed:
- This memory can be a memory of the acquisition and analysis system.
- a predefined number of values acquired for example at least the last twenty, advantageously constitutes the history of acquisitions.
- the maximum total duration of a history can be less than 200 ms.
- the presence of a pedestrian can be confirmed if the acquisition history values are written within the lower and upper limits of the reference data set if the reference obstacle is a pedestrian, as previously described. :
- the acquisition and analysis system is configured to calculate and use the speed of approach v rap , obtained by the ratio between the predefined displacement distance. of the vehicle Ad and the product between a predefined time interval T e to acquire a new value and the number N of values of the sensor response acquired to go from the current distance d to d + Ad:
- the speed of approach v rap corresponds substantially to that of the vehicle, the speed of a pedestrian being negligible compared to that of the vehicle.
- the acquisitions of the voltage Vs (t) are advantageously performed at a regular time interval T e as short as possible.
- Protection systems are advantageously triggered when the pedestrian or cyclist is located in the central zone of the front bumper of the vehicle, including area about three-quarters of the length of the bumper.
- the impact of an impact is less serious because the vehicle's wings are so in a flexible material, and the pedestrian or cyclist can be ejected on the side of the vehicle.
- the protection systems may nevertheless be triggered when the pedestrian or the cyclist is situated in said transitional zones if he or she approaches them substantially.
- the protection systems are advantageously not triggered when the pedestrian or the cyclist is located on the outer sides of the front wings of the vehicle, at its flanks.
- the detection device may comprise two capacitive sensors reacting to an intrusion in a predefined detection perimeter, the detection surfaces of which are in particular brought to the same potential V (t).
- the evolution of the response of the sensors analyzed by the acquisition and analysis system advantageously corresponds to the variation over time of a signal representative of the electrical charges on the detection surfaces of the sensors, measured by the electric circuit, and dependent on at least one sensor capacity.
- the detection device may comprise several sensors, for example three sensors at the front of the vehicle, or six sensors in total, three at the front and three at the rear.
- a sensor may be located in the central zone of the front bumper of the vehicle, at least one sensor being located in one of the end zones of the bumper before, preferably a sensor being located in each left and right end zone of the front bumper, on either side of the central sensor.
- the output voltage Vs (t) of the electric circuit advantageously varies according to whether an obstacle is moving towards or away from one or the other of the sensors.
- the capacitances Cstmnsi and Cstmns2 of the right and left end sensors evolve in the same manner when an obstacle approaches one or the other of the sensors.
- the formula for obtaining the VSDC continuous output voltage, depending on the capacitance of the sensors Cstmnsi and Cscnt of the end and central sensors, can be expressed as: ⁇ 77 - 77 ⁇ -1 ⁇ -2 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ s ⁇ ⁇ stransl ⁇
- the output voltage advantageously increases when a pedestrian or a cyclist approaches the central sensor. If a pedestrian or a cyclist approaches one of the transient zones, the values of the capacities of the central and right and / or leftmost sensors are advantageously modified and influence the output voltage: if the obstacle is closer5 of the central sensor than of one of the end sensors, the voltage Vs (t) may increase less rapidly than in the case where it approaches the central sensor, if the obstacle is halfway between the central sensor and the one of the end sensors, the output voltage can hardly change, and if the obstacle is closer to one of the end sensors than the central sensor, the output voltage can decrease, its variation depending on the distance that can become negative.
- the multi-sensor variant makes it possible to refine the eventual triggering of the protection systems.
- One or more sensors may be located at the rear bumper of the vehicle, including a rear center sensor and rear right and left end sensors. Using the data from the rear and front sensors, it is possible to detect obstacles in the blind spots of the vehicle.
- Each sensor can be protected by one or more guard screens; as previously described.
- the invention also relates to a structure for detecting an obstacle capable of colliding with a vehicle, in particular for implementing the detection method according to the invention, comprising a surface detection of a capacitive sensor, brought to a non-zero potential, and at least two guard screens, a first guard screen, grounded, being located behind the sensor, a second guard screen, brought to the same potential that the detection surface of the sensor, being located between the latter and the first guard screen.
- FIG. 1 illustrates the implementation, on a vehicle, of a detection device according to the invention
- FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of the detection device of FIG. 1,
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing the evolution over time of different capacities of the sensor according to the invention.
- FIG. 4 illustrates the behavior of the detection device of FIG. 1 when approaching a pedestrian
- FIG. 5 is a schematic representation of the detection device of FIG. 4,
- FIGS. 6 and 7 are graphs representing the evolution of different capacities implemented in the detection device according to the invention as a function of the distance between a pedestrian and the sensor,
- FIG. 8 is a graph showing the evolution of the rate of variation of the capacitance of the sensor as a function of the distance between a pedestrian and the sensor,
- FIG. 9 represents, in front view, an example of a sensor according to the invention.
- FIGS. 10 to 12 represent different embodiments of the detection device according to the invention
- FIG. 13 illustrates the setting in situ of the detection device according to the invention with the approach of an intrusion
- FIG. 14 schematically represents an example of an electrical circuit of a detection device according to the invention
- FIG. 15 is a graph showing different evolutions of the current as a function of the frequency of the voltage generator
- FIG. 16 is an example of an electrical diagram relating to the voltage conversion from the vehicle battery
- FIG. 17 is an electrical diagram showing an example of a voltage generator
- FIG. 18 represents an example of an electrical circuit for detecting a device according to the invention.
- FIG. 19 is a graph showing the evolution of the isopotentials of the electric field as a function of the distance between a pedestrian and the sensor,
- FIG. 20 is a graph showing the evolution of the output voltage of the detection electric circuit as a function of the distance between a pedestrian and the sensor
- FIG. 21 is a graph showing the variation of the variation rate of the output voltage of the electric circuit as a function of the distance between a pedestrian and the sensor, giving the reference data of a pedestrian,
- FIG. 22 illustrates two different configurations of capacitive coupling between the pedestrian and the sensor
- FIG. 23 illustrates different upper and lower limits according to the percentage difference with respect to the reference data of FIG. 21,
- FIG. 24 is a graph showing an evolution of the response of the sensor to an intrusion similar to that forming the subject of the reference data
- FIG. 25 is a graph showing the evolution of the sensor response as a function of time when the detection device according to the invention does not have direct access to the speed of the vehicle,
- FIG. 26 is a graph showing different evolutions of the response of the sensor according to the nature of the obstacle
- FIG. 27 illustrates the trigger zones of the vehicle protection systems using the device for detecting an obstacle according to the invention
- FIG. 28 schematically represents an alternative detection device according to the invention
- FIG. 29 is a graph showing various evolutions of the response of the sensor of the detection device of FIG. 28, and
- FIGS. 30A and 30B show, schematically, electrical circuits of an alternative detection device according to the invention.
- a device 1 for detecting an obstacle according to the invention is shown in FIG. 1.
- This device is disposed at the front of a vehicle 100, being intended to detect the intrusion of an obstacle likely to enter collision with the vehicle, and to analyze the nature of this obstacle.
- the obstacle is a pedestrian P.
- the detection device 1 according to the invention is advantageously configured to react to an obstacle for vehicle speeds of between 10 km / h and 75 km / h. h.
- the detection device 1 comprises a capacitive sensor 2 reacting to an intrusion in a predefined detection perimeter.
- the sensor 2 comprises an electrically conductive detection surface 2a, being for example at least a part of the calender of the vehicle, rendered electrically conductive by application of a conductive paint, as described in detail in the following with reference to FIGS. 9 to 12.
- the detection device 1 may comprise two guard screens, a first guard screen 3, grounded, and a second guard screen 4, substantially at the same potential V (t). that the detection surface 2a of the sensor 2, located between the latter and the first guard screen 3.
- electric field lines emanate substantially perpendicularly from the surface 2a of the sensor 2 to be evanescent at infinity, these field lines, represented by the vector Eu x, y, z, t), defining the detection perimeter of the sensor.
- FIG. 2 schematically shows the capacities Csgarde, Cscapot and Cssoi described above.
- the Csgarde capacity is constant, and the Cscapot and Cssoi capacities vary slowly over time, involving vertical displacements. During the implementation of the detection method according to the invention, these capacities are considered constant, the time interval between two acquisitions being preferably short.
- FIG. 4 when an obstacle P enters the detection perimeter of the sensor 2, it is subjected to the electric field E produced by the latter, and the capacitance of the sensor Cs increases by the addition of a coefficient d influence C m - tmsion of the obstacle on the sensor:
- FIG. 5 schematically represents the capacities Csgarde, Cscapot, Cssoi and intmsion previously described.
- the capacities Csgarde and Ci / soi are constant as a function of the distance d between the obstacle and the sensor, and the capacities Cscapot and Cssoi decrease slightly when this distance decreases.
- the Cintmsion capacity increases from a zero value to a maximum value when the obstacle gets closer.
- the evolution of the capacitance of the sensor Cs (t, d) as a function of the distance d between the obstacle and the sensor, corresponding to the sum of these capacities, is represented in FIG.
- the variation rate ACs / Ad of the capacitance of the sensor 2 as a function of the distance d is different from zero and increases with the approach of a pedestrian P.
- the detection surface 2a of the sensor 2 may be as shown in FIG. 9, defined by the front face of the vehicle grille, having for example a sensor area of 0.05 m 2 , the thickness of the calender, made by example plastic, being for example 4 mm.
- the senor 2 comprises an active element 2b, an electrically charged primer 2c and a primer layer 2d corresponding to a conductive paint, deposited on the bumper 101 of the vehicle, for example made of polypropylene.
- a shock absorber 25 is located behind the active element 2b, and is preferably made of polyester. The intense coupling between the active element 2b and the primer layer 2d allows the detection surface 2a of the sensor 2 to be active and to emit electric field lines.
- the active element 2b is electrically connected to the primer 2c, which intensifies the coupling between the active element 2b and the primer layer 2d and increases the efficiency of the detection.
- the skirt of the vehicle and the rear face of the calender also covered with a conductive paint, define the second guard screen 4 at the same potential V (t) as the sensor 2.
- the first screen in the example under consideration is defined by a wire mesh located behind the second guard screen 4.
- the value of the capacitance of the sensor can be between 10 pF and 300 pF.
- the detection device 1 advantageously comprises an acquisition and analysis system configured for, during the detection of an intrusion, comparing the evolution of the response of the sensor 2 with reference data, and deducing, depending on the less of the result of this comparison, the nature of the obstacle.
- the acquisition and analysis system is configured to operate in a range of distances to the predefined obstacle, between a maximum distance at my x and a minimum distance d m ", preferably equal to respectively at 1 m and 0.6 m.
- the greatest detection distance ⁇ detection within the detection perimeter of the sensor 2, illustrated in Figure 13, is for example equal to 1.25 m approximately.
- the evolution of the response of the sensor analyzed by the acquisition and analysis system corresponds to the variation over time of the output voltage of the electric circuit, measured by the electric circuit, and dependent on the capacitance Cs (t, d) of the sensor, as a function of the coefficient of influence C m - tmsion of the obstacle on the sensor:
- C s (t, d) KC s (t, d)
- the capacitance of the sensor 2 defined, in the case of reference data where the reference obstacle is a pedestrian, by: C s - Cs guard + ⁇ 0 x S sensor
- the rear face of the vehicle grille and the conductive paint deposited on the skirt, serving as second guard screen 4 are at the same electrical potential V (t) as the sensor 2 because they are connected by means of a shielded cable 8 supplying the sensor 2 to the inverting input of the integrated linear amplifier 7.
- An AC to DC converter 25 may be used to convert the sinusoidal voltage Vs (t, d) to DC voltage Vseff (d).
- a full-wave rectifier without threshold can be used, in particular made from at least one operational amplifier and one or more diodes, at least one capacitor is then used to filter the output of the rectifier.
- at least one voltage converter integrated circuit is used in particular when the frequency of the voltage generator 6 is less than 10 MHz.
- FIG. 16 An exemplary electronic circuit diagram 10 for supplying, from the 12 V battery of the vehicle, the voltage generator with an input voltage of between +/- 15 and +/- 70 V is shown in FIG. 16.
- the output current is of the order of milliampere, for example about 4 mA, which is sufficient to power the entire device 1 without danger to the human body.
- this voltage conversion uses a monolithic, energy recovery, isolated and high voltage switching regulator 11, for example of the LT 351 1 model, and an operational amplifier 12, for example LTC 6090 model.
- the voltage generator 6 is preferably made by digital synthesis, by means of a microcontroller 13, which gives it a high stability in amplitude and frequency.
- a converter 14 digital to analog (DAC), for example model AD 5620, and a direct digital synthesis element 15, for example model AD 9834, are used, in the example described, to obtain the voltage V (t).
- the electrical circuit supplying the detection surface 2a of the sensor 2 is shown in detail in FIG. 18.
- the output V of the voltage generator of FIG. 10 is amplified by means of the amplifier 7, for example of the LTC 6090 model.
- the evolution of the isopotentials of the electric field E emanating from the sensor 2, characterized by the voltage V as a function of the distance d between a pedestrian P and the sensor, is represented in FIG. 19.
- the value of the surface density of charges ⁇ carried by the sensor 2 determines the detection distance of the device 1, adjusting the rms value of the voltage V (t).
- the reference data are advantageously established by raising the voltage Vs (d), in static, for the approaching of an experimental pedestrian P in front of the sensor 2, as represented in FIG.
- the rate of change of the voltage Vs (d) is represented in the curve of FIG. 21 and defined by:
- the curves of FIG. 23 represent these upper limits T HSup ⁇ d) and lower ⁇ HInf ⁇ d), according to the percentage difference with respect to the reference data r HS (d) giving the values of ⁇ and ⁇ .
- the voltage of the voltage generator 6 is equal to 30 V and its frequency to 10 MHz.
- the acquisition and analysis system is configured to determine whether the evolution of the response of the sensor 2 is between the upper limits ⁇ HSup ⁇ d) and lower ⁇ HInf ⁇ d), for infusion values (d) acquired between the minimum distances dmin and maximum dmax ' ⁇
- the distance between the pedestrian P and the vehicle 100 is preferably known by means of the vehicle speed v.
- the speed of approximation v rap is used by the acquisition and analysis system, obtained by the following formula
- the displacement distance Ad is 2 cm
- the time interval T e is 1 ms
- the speed of approach V rap is estimated at about 6 m / s.
- the curves of FIG. 26 represent different evolutions of the response of the sensor ⁇ as a function of the distance d to the sensor, and according to the nature of the obstacle.
- Curve 52 illustrates a fugitive intrusion into the sensor field, not leading to a collision with the vehicle.
- Curve 51 illustrates an intrusion leading to a collision with the vehicle, but not corresponding to a pedestrian, being for example another vehicle or a parking pad.
- the curve 53 is written between the upper bounds ⁇ ⁇ 8 ⁇ ⁇ ) and lower ⁇ HInf ⁇ d) of the reference data, it thus corresponds to the intrusion of a pedestrian.
- the protection system or systems are advantageously triggered to better protect the pedestrian P.
- Figure 27 illustrates that, as previously described, the protection systems are advantageously triggered when the pedestrian is located in the central zone of the bumper of the vehicle, noted (1).
- the protection systems may be triggered when the pedestrian is located in one of the two end zones of the bumper, denoted (2) and called transient zones, if it approaches substantially.
- the protection systems are advantageously not triggered when the pedestrian is located on the outer sides of the front fenders of the vehicle, noted areas (3) in Figure 27.
- the detection device 1 comprises three capacitive sensors reacting to an intrusion in a predefined detection perimeter, the detection surfaces of which are brought to the same potential V (t).
- the sensor having Cs ⁇ nt capacity is placed in the central zone of the front bumper of the vehicle, the sensors having capacity Cstmnsi and Cstmns2 being placed in the left and right end zones of the vehicle bumper.
- these capacities Cstmnsi and Cstmns2 evolve in the same way.
- the output voltage Vs (t) is advantageously converted into a DC voltage by means of a dedicated VRMS -> VDC converter circuit.
- the formula for obtaining the VSDC DC output voltage is the following :
- the voltage Vs (t) increases when a pedestrian approaches the central sensor, the evolution of the sensor response entering between the upper limits ⁇ ⁇ 8 (d) and lower r HInf (d) reference data, at least one protection system is then triggered, for example at a distance of 70 cm. If the pedestrian is closer to the central sensor than to one of the end sensors, the voltage Vs (t) increases less rapidly than in the case where it approaches the central sensor, as visible in the curve noted (2). a protection system can nevertheless be triggered, for example at a distance of about 50 cm.
- the voltage Vs (t) decreases, its variation as a function of the distance becoming negative, as visible in the curve (3), and no system protection is not triggered.
- the variation of the voltage Vs (t) drops rapidly, as visible in the noted curve (4) of Figure 29, no protection system is triggered.
- sensors having the capacitances Csavc, Csavd Qt Csavg are placed at the front of the vehicle, respectively in the central and right and left end zones, and sensors having the capacitors C, C and Csarg are placed at the rear of the vehicle, respectively in the central and right and left end areas.
- VAVG VAVG
- VAVC VAVC
- VAVD I
- VARG I
- VARC I
- VARD VDC
- variable capacitor C present at each stage of the electrical circuits shown in FIGS. 30A and 30B, makes it possible to adjust the amplitudes of the voltages coming from the different sensors.
- the upper and lower limits of the reference data are established in the same way for a cyclist, so that the detection device 1 according to the invention can easily discriminate it from other obstacles.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Measurement Of Length, Angles, Or The Like Using Electric Or Magnetic Means (AREA)
- Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1551644A FR3033148B1 (fr) | 2015-02-26 | 2015-02-26 | Dispositif de detection et d'analyse de la nature d'obstacles |
| PCT/EP2016/053919 WO2016135218A1 (fr) | 2015-02-26 | 2016-02-25 | Dispositif de detection et d'analyse de la nature d'obstacles |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3261883A1 true EP3261883A1 (fr) | 2018-01-03 |
Family
ID=53879558
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP16707687.6A Withdrawn EP3261883A1 (fr) | 2015-02-26 | 2016-02-25 | Dispositif de detection et d'analyse de la nature d'obstacles |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP3261883A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3033148B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2016135218A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US11332122B2 (en) | 2019-07-29 | 2022-05-17 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Vehicle sensor system and methods of use |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5394292A (en) * | 1991-04-30 | 1995-02-28 | Tsuden Kabushiki Kaisha | Electronic car bumper |
| GB2423822A (en) * | 2005-03-02 | 2006-09-06 | Automotive Electronics Ltd Ab | Capacitive proximity sensor with reduced sensitivity to water trickles |
| GB0718677D0 (en) | 2007-09-25 | 2007-10-31 | 3M Innovative Properties Co | Capacitive sensor and proximity detector using it |
| US8058993B2 (en) * | 2008-09-30 | 2011-11-15 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Capacitive detection systems and methods |
| NL1036767C2 (en) * | 2009-03-25 | 2010-09-28 | Univ Eindhoven Tech | Living being proximity sensing arrangement for a vehicle, and vehicle equipped therewith. |
| SE538227C2 (sv) * | 2010-06-07 | 2016-04-12 | Lars Åke Wern | Kapacitivt sensorsystem |
| SE538226C2 (sv) | 2010-06-07 | 2016-04-12 | Lars Åke Wern | Kapacitivt sensorsystem |
| DE102012202481A1 (de) | 2012-02-17 | 2013-08-22 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren für ein Assistenzsystem eines Fahrzeugs |
| DE102012218090A1 (de) | 2012-10-04 | 2014-04-10 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Sensorfeld, Verfahren und Auswerteeinrichtung zum Erkennen einer Kollision eines Fahrzeugs mit einem Objekt und Fahrzeugkollisionserkennungssystem |
-
2015
- 2015-02-26 FR FR1551644A patent/FR3033148B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2016
- 2016-02-25 EP EP16707687.6A patent/EP3261883A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2016-02-25 WO PCT/EP2016/053919 patent/WO2016135218A1/fr not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3033148B1 (fr) | 2017-03-31 |
| FR3033148A1 (fr) | 2016-09-02 |
| WO2016135218A1 (fr) | 2016-09-01 |
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