EP3259591A1 - Dispositif micro-fluidique et appareil comprenant un tel dispositif - Google Patents
Dispositif micro-fluidique et appareil comprenant un tel dispositifInfo
- Publication number
- EP3259591A1 EP3259591A1 EP16707932.6A EP16707932A EP3259591A1 EP 3259591 A1 EP3259591 A1 EP 3259591A1 EP 16707932 A EP16707932 A EP 16707932A EP 3259591 A1 EP3259591 A1 EP 3259591A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- channel
- microfluidic device
- electric field
- electrodes
- reservoir
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/483—Physical analysis of biological material
- G01N33/487—Physical analysis of biological material of liquid biological material
- G01N33/48707—Physical analysis of biological material of liquid biological material by electrical means
- G01N33/48721—Investigating individual macromolecules, e.g. by translocation through nanopores
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
- B01L3/50—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes
- B01L3/502—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures
- B01L3/5027—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip
- B01L3/502707—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip characterised by the manufacture of the container or its components
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
- B01L3/50—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes
- B01L3/502—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures
- B01L3/5027—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip
- B01L3/502715—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip characterised by interfacing components, e.g. fluidic, electrical, optical or mechanical interfaces
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
- B01L3/50—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes
- B01L3/502—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures
- B01L3/5027—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip
- B01L3/50273—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip characterised by the means or forces applied to move the fluids
Definitions
- the present invention relates to micro-fluidic devices and devices comprising such devices.
- An example of such apparatus is an electrophoresis apparatus.
- the principle of electrophoresis is based on the migration of species carrying a global electric charge which move under the action of an electric field generated by the application of a potential difference applied on both sides of a membrane pierced with a passage of nanometric transverse dimensions.
- the only information that is known to obtain using such an installation is a binary type of information: migration or not of the macromolecule through the nanopore.
- a microfluidic device comprising a body and a covering sheet
- the body comprising a base portion having an outer surface, a channel bottom extending in a main longitudinal direction being formed in the base portion) at the outer surface, the channel bottom being formed by ion beam focused,
- the cover sheet being assembled to the base portion by at least partially covering the channel bottom, thereby forming a channel.
- the detectability of the macro-molecule at the level of the passage is increased, which can be useful for several types of applications.
- the covering sheet comprises an electrically conductive layer and / or an electrically insulating layer, for example a superposition of an electrically conductive layer and of an electrically insulating layer, in particular in which a layer of the sheet comprises, in particular consists of, graphene, boron nitride (h-BN) or molybdenum disulfide (M0S 2 );
- the body comprises, in particular is made of silicon, or an oxide, carbide or silicon nitride;
- the microfluidic device further comprises at least one electrode disposed at least partially in the vicinity of the channel;
- the microfluidic device comprises an inlet end and an outlet end both in fluid communication with the channel;
- the inlet end and / or the outlet end is part of a pore passing through the body opening into the channel and extending in the direction of thickness; the channel opens into an inlet and / or outlet compartment formed in the body;
- the covering sheet covers the entry and / or exit compartment
- the depth and / or the width of the channel vary along the main longitudinal direction
- the body is a thin body, less than 10 microns thick;
- a cuvette bottom is formed in the base portion at the outer surface, the cuvette bottom being formed by focused ion beam,
- the cover sheet being assembled to the base portion at least partially covering the bottom of the bowl, thereby forming a bowl in fluid communication with the channel.
- the invention relates to an apparatus comprising:
- a reservoir adapted to receive an electrically conductive solution
- Such a micro-fluidic device immersed in the reservoir, and separating the reservoir into a first and a second compartment, the channel being in fluid communication with the first and second compartments to allow fluid communication between the first and second compartments,
- a transport system adapted to generate a displacement of the solution in the reservoir when the latter contains the solution
- the transport system comprises an electrical system adapted to apply an electric field in the tank when it contains the solution
- the characterization system comprises a system for reading the electric field in the tank
- the apparatus further comprises a system for modulating an electric field present in the channel;
- the electrical system comprises a first and a second electrode disposed respectively in the first and second compartments, between which the electric field is applied,
- the modulation system comprises said first and second reversible electrodes, and an inversion system adapted to reverse the polarity of an electric field applied between the two electrodes;
- the modulation system comprises a set of local electrodes comprising at least said electrode, and a generator adapted to apply a local electric field at the channel via said set of at least one local electrode;
- the apparatus further comprises an optical reading system adapted to take an image of the channel.
- the apparatus includes at least one of the following:
- the microfluidic device (7) comprises a single passage
- the solution has a high concentration of solute, and a low concentration of particles (27), the particles being potentially identical, or even a single particle, the transverse dimension of the particles may be between 0.5 and 0.9 times the transverse dimension of the channel.
- Figure 1 is a schematic perspective view of an apparatus according to a first embodiment, used with a first polarity
- FIG. 1a is a view corresponding to FIG. 1 for the same apparatus used according to a second polarity
- FIG. 2a is a graph showing the intensity of the ion current flowing between the two electrodes and measured with the apparatus of FIG. 1 as a function of time
- FIG. 2b is an explanatory diagram showing a simplified example of such a graph, and schematically representing the migration of a macromolecule through the passage in two distant instants and thus blocking the passage in two different ways,
- FIG. 3a is a schematic sectional macroscopic view of a membrane portion for the apparatus according to the first embodiment
- FIGS. 3b to 3g are microscopic schematic views showing different successive stages of manufacture of the sheet equipping the membrane
- FIG. 3h is a magnification (part IIIh) of FIG. 3a
- FIG. 3i is a schematic view from above of an alternative embodiment
- FIG. 3j is a schematic sectional view of an alternative embodiment
- FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a membrane portion according to a second embodiment
- FIGS. 4a and 4b are partial sectional views in the same section plane as FIG. 3h, for two integrated electrode embodiments,
- FIGS. 5, 6 and 7 are views corresponding to FIG. 4 for respectively fourth, fifth and sixth embodiments of
- FIG. 8 is a view from above of the membrane according to a seventh embodiment
- FIG. 9 is a schematic view of an apparatus for manufacturing such a membrane
- FIG. 10 shows an alternative embodiment of FIG. 1,
- FIG. 11 is a sectional view of an embodiment of the lamella
- FIG. 12 is a sectional view of an embodiment of the slat.
- Figures 13a and 13b are perspective views of the underside of the blade.
- FIG. 1 diagrammatically represents an electrophoresis apparatus 1 according to a first embodiment of the invention.
- Such an apparatus has an instrumental portion 2 and a computer device 3 connected thereto.
- the computing device 3 can act mainly for:
- the computing device 3 conventionally comprises a central unit 4 comprising a processor adapted to execute programs, memories alive or dead, .... It also includes interfaces with a user such as a keyboard 5a, a mouse 5b and / or a screen 5c.
- the instrumental device 2 comprises a reservoir 6 containing a fluid adapted to implement electrophoresis in the reservoir 6.
- a fluid is by example a liquid solution.
- the solution comprises, for example, anions and cations of the same salt, in high concentration, and particles in low concentration.
- the particles are objects of dimension at least a hundred times greater than the ions of the solution, and much less than one micron (for example less than 100 nm, or even 10 nm).
- particles there are provided, for example, colloids, macromolecules, mention may be made of DNA, RNA, protein, polysaccharide or other molecules.
- a low concentration of macromolecules which, depending on the application, may be different from each other or identical to each other. The lowest concentration considered is to have a single such macromolecule in the solution.
- a membrane 7 In the reservoir 6 is disposed a membrane 7 separating the reservoir 6 into two compartments 6a, 6b.
- the membrane 7 is provided in the reservoir 6 so that the fluid exchanges between the first and the second compartment can be done only via passages 8 of the membrane 7. Depending on the applications, one or more passes are provided. 8
- the membrane 7 is a synthetic or artificial membrane, that is to say fabricated, as opposed to known biological porous membranes. In Figure 1, a single passage 8 is shown schematically. The manufacture of the membrane 7 will be explained below.
- This conventionally comprises a rigid base 22 which can be fixed in place at the appropriate position in the reservoir and contributes to the mechanical rigidity of the membrane.
- This base 22 is provided with a hole 23 which is for example a few microns in diameter in the XY plane transverse to the macroscopic direction of displacement Z of the macromolecule between the two compartments 6a, 6b.
- the hole 23 is covered with a thin slat 24 fixed to the base 22 in any appropriate manner to prevent the passage of species at the attachment.
- the blade 24 is for example slightly stretched.
- the lamella 24 is provided with at least one passage 8.
- Figure 3h shows a magnification of the coverslip
- the lamella 24 comprises a body 61.
- the body 61 is for example made from a substantially rigid material of any suitable type, such as, in particular, silicon, SiO 2, SiC or SiN.
- the body 61 has a thickness less than one micron, for example of the order of 0.1 micron.
- the body 61 may be translucent, in applications using optical detection.
- the body 61 comprises a base portion 62 comprising two opposite outer surfaces 62a, 62b.
- a pore 78 extends between the opposite outer surfaces 62a, 62b.
- a channel bottom 63 extends in a main longitudinal direction X being formed in the base portion 62 at the outer surface 62b.
- the channel bottom 63 has a width of the order of or less than one-third of the thickness of the lamella 24, for example of the order of or less than one-tenth of the thickness of the lamella 24.
- the channel bottom 63 opens into the pore 78.
- the channel bottom 63 may open into a bowl bottom 73.
- the bowl bottom 73 has any suitable shape. It is formed in the base portion 62 at the outer surface 62b.
- the bottom of bowl 73 has a width greater than the width of the bottom of channel 63. This width may be at least twice the width of the channel bottom 63.
- the lamella 24 also comprises a covering sheet 64 assembled to the body 61.
- the covering sheet 64 is assembled to the base portion 62 at least partially covering the outer surface 62b, and in particular at least partially covering the pore 78, the channel bottom 63 and the bottom of the bowl 73.
- the pore 78 is clogged on one side by the sheet 64.
- the channel bottom 63 and the cover sheet 64 together form a channel (or ditch) 65 closed.
- a channel depth p is of the order of the width of the channel bottom 63 in a direction of depth Z transverse to the main longitudinal directions X and of width Y.
- the channel 65 has a depth of the order of or less than one. one third of the thickness of the lamella 24, for example of the order of or less than one tenth of the thickness of the lamella 24. This depth is for example less than 0.5 micrometers in the direction of depth.
- the cuvette 74 is in fluid communication with the channel 65 at an outlet 75.
- a depth p of the cuvette is greater than the depth of the channel 65 in the direction of depth Z transverse to the main longitudinal directions X and of width Y.
- the bowl 74 has a depth of the order of or less than half the thickness of the lamella 24, for example of the order of or less than one-tenth of the thickness of the lamella 24.
- the bowl 74 has a depth of the order of or greater than 1.2 times the depth of the channel 65. This depth is for example less than 0.5 micrometers in the direction of depth.
- the cover sheet 64 includes, in particular consists of graphene, boron nitride (BN) or molybdenum disulfide (M0S 2 ).
- the sheet 64 may be of small thickness, especially less than one nanometer, which makes it possible to easily make a through opening or pore 68.
- the sheet is for example made as a two-dimensional crystal, of atomic thickness.
- the lamella 24 has an inlet end 66 and an outlet end 67.
- the terms “inlet” and “outlet” are used with reference to the orientation of the lamella 24 in the reservoir according to the present embodiment, but are illustrative only, because the slide 24 could alternatively be used for displacement of molecules in the opposite direction.
- the inlet and outlet ends 66, 67 are in fluid communication on the one hand with the channel 65 and on the other hand respectively with the first compartment and the second compartment.
- the sheet 64 has a pore or through opening 68 opening into the bowl 74 and having the outlet end 67.
- the body 61 comprises the pore 78 opening into the channel 65 and having the inlet end 66.
- the passage 8 comprises a first portion, substantially corresponding to the pore 78, and extending in the direction Z, a second portion corresponding substantially to the channel 65 and the bowl 74, extending in the XY plane, and a third portion, substantially corresponding to the pore 68, and extending in the direction Z.
- the passage 8 has a transverse dimension D (that is to say the transverse dimension of its narrowest portion) of the order of the size of the macromolecule subject to electrophoresis, being slightly greater than this transverse dimension. of molecule. So, according to the type of macromolecule to be studied, it will be possible to produce different types of membrane, having passages of different transverse dimensions D.
- the dimension D is for example chosen so that the transverse dimension of the macromolecule is between 0.5 and 0.9 times the transverse dimension D of the passage.
- the dimension D is for example of the order of 25 nanometers or less, or even less than 10 nanometers or less.
- the size chosen depends on the size of the macromolecules to be studied.
- the thickness of the channel 65 is for example of the order of magnitude of the dimension D. As a variant, it may be of the order of magnitude of a few times D.
- a passage 8 of such a size can be achieved by a focused ion beam technique for example.
- FIGS. 3b to 3h illustrate an example of a method for forming the lamella 24.
- a through hole 69 is produced in the body 61 extending in the direction Z, and intended to form the pore 78.
- a channel bottom 63 is formed in the body 61 in the outer surface 62b, extending in the X and / or Y directions from the through hole 69. to reduce the exposure time to the beam of the body 61, while imposing a relative movement to the body 61 and the beam according to the desired pattern for the channel bottom 63.
- the length and the geometry of the channel bottom 63 can be chosen in function of the application.
- the length of the channel bottom is at least of the order of the length of the macro-molecule.
- a pan bottom 73 is formed in the body 61 in the outer surface 62b, opening into the channel bottom 63. Suffice it to increase the exposure time to the beam of the body 61, while imposing a relative movement to the body 61 and the beam in the desired shape for the bottom of Bowl 73.
- the length and geometry of the bowl bottom 73 may be selected depending on the application.
- the covering sheet 64 is assembled to the body 61, at the outer surface 62b, thus closing the channel 65 and the bowl 74.
- the sheet 64 is drilled at the bowl 74, thereby forming the pore 68.
- This piercing can be done by focussed ion beam, aiming to achieve as little drilling as possible, while remaining large enough to pass the macro ⁇ molecule.
- the exposure time of the lamella 24 to the beam is reduced, so as to ensure not to implement a piercing through the body 61 in this step.
- the bowl 74 is of sufficiently large dimensions, it is not necessary to have a very important precision as regards the positioning of this drilling step. It suffices that the pore 68 is made so as to open into the bowl 74.
- first electrode 9a In the first compartment 6a there is a first electrode 9a and a second electrode 9b is placed in the second compartment 6b.
- the first and second electrodes 9a, 9b are part of an electrical system 10 adapted to generate an electric field in the tank 6 when the latter contains the solution.
- the electrical system 10 comprises an electric generator 11 connected by a pole to each of the electrodes 9a, 9b.
- the Electrical generator 11 makes it possible to apply a potential difference between the electrodes 9a and 9b.
- the reading system 12 is connected to the computing device 3, which records the intensity of the electric current flowing in the circuit.
- the generator 11 applies a potential difference between the electrodes 9a and 9b, which generates an electric field in the solution inside the tank.
- the macromolecules are all arranged in a given compartment such as, for example, the first compartment 6a. It is possible to know in advance the global charge of the macromolecule, which makes it possible to apply an electric field such that it will be attracted by the second electrode 9b, and will therefore have to pass through the passage 8.
- the ammeter detects an electric current I as a function of time t.
- the electric current is for example of the order of 10 nano-amperes (nA).
- nA nano-amperes
- the measured current is relatively constant except for a visible event represented by a drop in the value of the current. Note the infinitesimal nature of this fall (about 0.4 nA), as well as its short duration (less than 0.1 seconds, usually a few milliseconds). We therefore use ammeters
- this event corresponds to the migration of a macromolecule through the passage.
- a plausible explanation of this phenomenon is that the macromolecule, during its migration through the passage, substantially closes it, and therefore prevents the free flow of other ions in the solution, as it was before the entry of the macromolecule. in the passage. This results in increased electrical resistance of the solution and, therefore, for a given voltage level, a drop in current I.
- Figure 2b very schematically illustrates this phenomenon for a chromatin fiber.
- a thin link 16 disposed between two thicker clusters 17a, 17b passes through the passage 8 without substantially modifying the value of the electric current measured with respect to the reference level (plate 18 of the graph I (t ) measured, while the passage of the cluster 17b causes the fall of the current (plateau 19 of said graph).
- the passage of a cluster 17c of intermediate size could correspond to an intermediate intensity between the plates 18 and 19 (plate 20).
- the graph of Figure 2b is shown without scale.
- an electric field is applied, and the migration of the macromolecule through the passage 8 is detected as explained above.
- the length of the passage 8 is greater than when it is made substantially transverse to the blade, the duration during which an electric current is detected as explained above in relation to Figures 2a and 2b is longer. Therefore, more information is obtained on the migration of the macromolecule through the passage 8.
- the modulation system 13 is a global modulation system. It can affect the electric field throughout the tank. It comprises firstly the characteristic that the electrodes 9a and 9b are reversible.
- An example of such electrodes is for example a pair of Ag / AgCl electrodes.
- the modulation system also comprises an inverter 14 adapted to reverse the polarity of the electric generator 11.
- the inverter 14 is also connected to the computing device 3, which can control the inversion in question.
- the central unit 4 When the central unit 4 detects that an event is taking place (it measures for example whether a duration, during which the measured current is less than a certain threshold with respect to the reference current, is greater than a certain threshold of time) , it can control the inverter 14 to reverse the polarity applied by the generator 11, as shown in Figure la.
- the inversion of the potential applied by the generator 11 at a time t ⁇ will cause the inversion of the electric field inside the tank 6, so that the macromolecule 27 will now be attracted by the electrode 9a.
- the modulation system is activated by the reading system.
- a second event 21 will then be detected which may, as shown, be symmetrical with respect to event 15 if the macromolecule has not had time to turn over.
- the end of migration of the macromolecule through the passage is awaited to proceed with the inversion.
- it may not be so, but proceed to a systematic inversion before the end of migration of the macromolecule through the passage, in one direction or the other.
- the experiment time would be greatly reduced, since the macromolecule would be permanently present in the passage.
- a passage 8 of great length was made, which makes it possible to increase the time of presence of the macro-molecule in the passage, without increasing the thickness of the membrane.
- a major part of this passage 8 is made on the surface, the macro-molecule is therefore easily accessible to be detected (the sheet 64 is in particular transparent to a certain number of radiations, in particular translucent, thus allowing an optical detection of the macro ⁇ molecule).
- the channel 65 may not be profiled (i.e. of constant cross section).
- the width 1 of the channel could vary in the longitudinal direction thereof.
- the depth p of the channel could vary in the longitudinal direction thereof.
- the channels shown above are longitudinal in the X direction. However, one could consider any geometry in the X-Y plane.
- the apparatus corresponds substantially to the apparatus shown in FIG. 1, with the difference that the modulation system 13 of the second embodiment does not include the inverter 14 of Figure 1, nor the fact that the electrodes 9a and 9b are made reversible.
- the modulation system 13 of the electric field in the tank is a local modulation system. It makes it possible to locally influence the level of the passage on the electric field present in the channel 65. It comprises a local electrode 25 disposed on the membrane 7 (in particular on the strip 24) near the channel 65.
- the sheet 64 can then be made of an electrically insulating material, such as hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN).
- the sheet 64 to electrically insulate the local electrode 25 from other electrically conductive elements of the system. It is also possible that the sheet 64 is made by superposition of layers, so an electrically insulating layer (h-BN) is disposed opposite the electrode 25, and comprising an electrically conductive layer (graphene for example). In particular, an insulating multi-layer (h-BN), conductive (graphene), insulating (h-BN) can be provided.
- the membrane 7 has a surface 7b oriented towards the electrode 9b, placed in the second compartment 6b, and a face 7a, facing the electrode 9a, placed in the first compartment 6a.
- the electrode 25 is made on the face 7b of the membrane 7.
- the membrane 7, and in particular the body 61 is made of an electrically insulating material.
- the electrode 25 is for example made in the form of a layer of gold or platinum having a certain pattern. More specifically, the electrode 25 is formed on the outer surface 62b of the body 61.
- the electrode 25 is interposed (in the direction of the thickness) between the body 62 and the sheet 64 (which is not shown on the Figure 4).
- the electrode 25 is made over the sheet 64 of electrically insulating material, as shown in Figure 4a.
- the electrode 25 may be made on the outer surface 62a opposite to that in which the channel bottom 63 is formed, as shown in FIG. 4b.
- the present embodiment there is in fact a set of two local electrodes 25, 26 disposed on either side of the channel 63, and connected to a local electrical circuit 30.
- the two local electrodes 25 and 26 are placed in the local electrical circuit at a different potential so as to form a capacitance.
- the electric circuit 30 also makes it possible to read this ability. It is thus connected to the computer system 3.
- the macromolecule 27 has, from its first to the second end, a set of different segments, and in particular, varying the capacitance measured during their presence between the two electrodes 25 and 26.
- the electric field modulation system due to the presence of the local electrodes 25 and 26, makes it possible to obtain additional information during the migration of the macromolecule.
- the channel 65 there may be several locations for electrodes, or pairs of electrodes, along it.
- this sheet 64 enables the electrodes 25 and 26 to be electrically and chemically isolated.
- nanoscale electrodes 25 and 26 of these two embodiments are connected, where appropriate, to the macroscopic world (in fine to the computer device 3) by micro-connection systems.
- FIG. 5 A fourth embodiment is shown in FIG. 5.
- This embodiment takes up the elements of FIG. 4, in particular the lamella 24 having, on its surface 7b, local electrodes 25 and 26. These are connected to an electrical circuit. local 40 so as to generate a local electric field E y extending at the channel 63 in the Y direction transverse to the migration of the macromolecule.
- the application of a local electric field makes it possible to influence the migration of the macromolecule through the channel 63 along the direction X.
- the macromolecule 27 is consisting of a succession of molecules each having a partial charge (negative, positive or possibly zero) contributing to the overall load of the macromolecule which alone defines its translocation from one compartment to another of the reservoir.
- the local electric field E there will induce an electrostatic force on the part charges, which will be attracted and repelled by the edges 31, 32 of the channel 63.
- a portion 33 of the macromolecule, locally positively charged will be attracted the edge 31 of the channel 63.
- a mechanical interaction of friction can thus arise from the macromolecule 33 on the edge 31 of the channel, this friction contributing to braking the macromolecule during its migration through the channel 63. It follows from this braking that, on the detected signal of Figure 2a, event 15 will last longer, and therefore will be easier to study.
- the application of the local electric field can be controlled by the computer system 3.
- the local modulation system thus makes it possible to define a molecular clamp. Indeed, once the macromolecule thus maintained, it is possible to subject it to all kinds of treatments and / or applications.
- the local system already measures the force applied to the molecule to keep it in place. This force is an additional characteristic data of the molecule at the locked location. The measurement is sent to the computer system 3.
- FIG. 6 it is possible to combine the embodiments of FIGS. 4 and 5.
- location of the channel to perform the capacitive reading system using the electrodes 25 and 26 and the circuit 30 as made and described in Figure 4 and, at a second channel location, to realize the braking / locking system as depicted in FIG. 5, using electrodes 35 and 36 and circuit 40.
- an electric field E x is applied locally in the longitudinal direction X of the channel 65.
- This local electric field E x is superimposed on the overall electric field imposed by the electrodes 9a and 9b.
- the local electric field thus applied is used to locally affect the electric field at the channel 65. It will thus be possible to perform a braking or blocking action of the macromolecule in the channel 65, not by mechanical friction as described above. , but using the locally generated electric field to counteract the effects of the global electric field.
- first electrode 45 extending at a first location on either side of the channel 65
- second electrode 46 also extending on either side of the channel 65 in a second location
- generator 50 adapted to apply a potential difference between them.
- the electrodes may be made in the thickness, according to the appropriate embodiments of Figures 4, 4a or 4b described above.
- FIGS. 4 to 7 are used in a membrane 7 equipping the device of FIG. 1. A system for global modulation of the electric field is then superimposed with a local modulation system of the latter.
- the electrophoresis apparatus described above is coupled to a Optical detection of the migration of the macromolecule through the passage 8.
- an optical detection system is used for the presence or displacement of the macromolecule in the channel 65.
- an optical detector 37 visible in Figure 1, and adapted to optically detect an image at the channel 65 on the face 7b of the membrane.
- the optical detector 37 is also connected to the computing device 3 to send the detected optical signals thereto. If the sheet 64 is translucent, an event can be detected as long as it occurs in channel 65, which is of significant length.
- the macromolecule is fluorescent
- the fluorescence can be generated by a light source 77 located on the opposite side to the optical detector 37, and illuminating the input end 66.
- a light source 77 is for example a LASER.
- An opaque layer may be provided at the body 61, for example assembled to the outer surface 62a without plugging the through-hole 69.
- the opaque layer may for example be a metal sheet 76 (for example gold or alloy).
- the opaque sheet 76 blocks the transmission of the excitation light towards the optical detector 37.
- the fluorescence is exalted at the input end 66 by the presence at this level of the walls of the sheet.
- the molecules 27 present in the channel 65 can be imaged by the optical detector 37 through the translucent sheet 64 for a long time.
- FIG. 8 represents a portion of the outer surface 62a of the membrane around the pore 78.
- Patterns are provided for example in the form of metallizations 76.
- the set of metallizations 76 formed around the pore 78 forms an optical pattern generally designated by the reference 34.
- Figures 13a and 13b give examples. In FIG. 13a, two triangular-shaped sheets 76 are used diametrically opposite with respect to the pore 78. In FIG. 13b, concentric rings around the pore 78 are used. These geometries make it possible to define plasmonic antennas at the level of the pore 78. inlet end 66 of the pore.
- the optical pattern 34 may make it possible to improve the optical excitation of the macro-molecule by the light source 77 at the moment of its entry into the passage 8.
- optical detection systems may also be incorporated, where appropriate, in the embodiments of FIGS. 4, 5, 6 and 7.
- the cooperation of the optical and electrical detections may make it possible to better characterize the molecule.
- Figure 9 very schematically describes a plant 51 for manufacturing the body 61.
- the through hole 69 can be formed through a substrate 52 placed in a focussed ion beam emitting machine.
- the substrate 52 is intended to become a body 61. It is placed on a sample holder 53.
- a tip 54 is used to emit ions, such as for example gallium ions, which are extracted by an extractor 55. and focused by an electrostatic system 56 to pierce the pore, to the sufficient size, in the substrate 52.
- the substrate 52 has, if appropriate, been previously produced by evaporating the conductive metal on one or more surfaces of the insulating substrate and then in structuring the tracks by lithography.
- the channel bottom 63 and the bowl bottom 73 may be made by the same kind of operation on a surface of the substrate, relatively moving the beam and the substrate, and adjusting the exposure time.
- the focused ion beam fabrication makes it possible in particular to obtain geometries that are compatible with the desired application, which are stable by limiting the risks of filling the passage and providing a relatively abrupt edge thereof. Synthetic passages are more easily integrated.
- the ions used such as gallium ions, may as well pierce the insulating substrate as the metal layer located at the top and / or bottom surface thereof, depending on the embodiments. The process is very reproducible (variations of the order of 2-5%).
- FIG. 10 An exemplary variant is provided in FIG. 10.
- the compartments 6a, 6b are arranged on the same side of the lamella 24.
- the compartments 6a, 6b are separated by a wall 72.
- the inlet ends 66 and output 67 are formed on either side of the wall 72.
- a lamella 24 can be obtained by implementing the manufacturing method described above up to the step of Figure 3e, in which the bottom of bowl 73 is pierced until unclogged.
- the sheet 64 is also assembled as in FIG. 3f, but it is not pierced.
- the wall 72 is mounted on the face 62a of the lamella.
- the device described above could incorporate its own compartments 6a, 6b.
- the compartments 6a, 6b could be made directly by recesses formed in the body 61 on either side of the channel 65. This could be achieved, according to the method above, stopping at the step of FIG. 3f, replacing the step of generating the through-hole 69 by the manufacture of a blind hole (which is possible if the body 61 is sufficiently thick and / or by adjusting the method of etching the holes 69, 74) .
- the blind holes can then serve as a reservoir.
- the channel opens into an inlet and / or outlet tank formed in the body.
- the covering sheet covers the inlet reservoir and / or, respectively, exit to close it / them.
- the system is substantially sealed, and can be provided to miniaturize the electrical system 10 to integrate it into the device.
- the displacement of the molecules is generated by an electrical action.
- other technologies are possible, such as by controlling the hydrostatic flow (suction for example), gravity, ...
- Applications envisaged include protein analysis for diagnostics, drug development, identification of molecules for safety and defense applications and environmental protection, desalination of seawater, generation electrical or hydraulic energy.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1551379A FR3032955A1 (fr) | 2015-02-19 | 2015-02-19 | Dispositif micro-fluidique et appareil comprenant un tel dispositif |
| PCT/FR2016/050361 WO2016132067A1 (fr) | 2015-02-19 | 2016-02-17 | Dispositif micro-fluidique et appareil comprenant un tel dispositif |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3259591A1 true EP3259591A1 (fr) | 2017-12-27 |
Family
ID=52991785
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP16707932.6A Withdrawn EP3259591A1 (fr) | 2015-02-19 | 2016-02-17 | Dispositif micro-fluidique et appareil comprenant un tel dispositif |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20180038842A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP3259591A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3032955A1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2016132067A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20060073489A1 (en) * | 2004-10-05 | 2006-04-06 | Gangqiang Li | Nanopore separation devices and methods of using same |
| US10670559B2 (en) * | 2008-07-11 | 2020-06-02 | Cornell University | Nanofluidic channels with integrated charge sensors and methods based thereon |
| US10761043B2 (en) * | 2011-07-22 | 2020-09-01 | The Trustees Of The University Of Pennsylvania | Graphene-based nanopore and nanostructure devices and methods for macromolecular analysis |
| US9718668B2 (en) * | 2012-02-16 | 2017-08-01 | Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Arkansas | Method of fabricating a nanochannel system for DNA sequencing and nanoparticle characterization |
-
2015
- 2015-02-19 FR FR1551379A patent/FR3032955A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
-
2016
- 2016-02-17 WO PCT/FR2016/050361 patent/WO2016132067A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2016-02-17 EP EP16707932.6A patent/EP3259591A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2016-02-17 US US15/552,214 patent/US20180038842A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2016132067A1 (fr) | 2016-08-25 |
| FR3032955A1 (fr) | 2016-08-26 |
| US20180038842A1 (en) | 2018-02-08 |
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