EP3226687A1 - Verwendung von alkoxylierten pflanzenölderivaten zur verminderung der drift bei der applikation von pflanzenbehandlungsmitteln - Google Patents
Verwendung von alkoxylierten pflanzenölderivaten zur verminderung der drift bei der applikation von pflanzenbehandlungsmittelnInfo
- Publication number
- EP3226687A1 EP3226687A1 EP15807624.0A EP15807624A EP3226687A1 EP 3226687 A1 EP3226687 A1 EP 3226687A1 EP 15807624 A EP15807624 A EP 15807624A EP 3226687 A1 EP3226687 A1 EP 3226687A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- vegetable oil
- oxide
- methyl
- oil derivatives
- ethylene oxide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 102
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 150000002763 monocarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 67
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 19
- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N glycerol triricinoleate Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@@H](O)CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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- -1 saturated alkyl radical Chemical class 0.000 description 79
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- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 8
- XTDZGXBTXBEZDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(difluoromethyl)-N-(9-isopropyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,4-methanonaphthalen-5-yl)-1-methylpyrazole-4-carboxamide Chemical compound CC(C)C1C2CCC1C1=C2C=CC=C1NC(=O)C1=CN(C)N=C1C(F)F XTDZGXBTXBEZDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000005799 Isopyrazam Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 7
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- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004606 Fillers/Extenders Substances 0.000 description 4
- LGDSHSYDSCRFAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isothiocyanate Chemical compound CN=C=S LGDSHSYDSCRFAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzothiazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC=NC2=C1 IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- HSMVPDGQOIQYSR-KGENOOAVSA-N triflumizole Chemical compound C1=CN=CN1C(/COCCC)=N/C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1C(F)(F)F HSMVPDGQOIQYSR-KGENOOAVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XAIPTRIXGHTTNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N triflumuron Chemical compound C1=CC(OC(F)(F)F)=CC=C1NC(=O)NC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1Cl XAIPTRIXGHTTNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZSDSQXJSNMTJDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluralin Chemical compound CCCN(CCC)C1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C(C(F)(F)F)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O ZSDSQXJSNMTJDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AKTQJCBOGPBERP-UHFFFAOYSA-N triflusulfuron Chemical compound FC(F)(F)COC1=NC(N(C)C)=NC(NC(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C=2C(=CC=CC=2C)C(O)=O)=N1 AKTQJCBOGPBERP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IMEVJVISCHQJRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N triflusulfuron-methyl Chemical group COC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C)=C1S(=O)(=O)NC(=O)NC1=NC(OCC(F)(F)F)=NC(N(C)C)=N1 IMEVJVISCHQJRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RROQIUMZODEXOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N triforine Chemical compound O=CNC(C(Cl)(Cl)Cl)N1CCN(C(NC=O)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl)CC1 RROQIUMZODEXOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DFFWZNDCNBOKDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N trinexapac Chemical compound O=C1CC(C(=O)O)CC(=O)C1=C(O)C1CC1 DFFWZNDCNBOKDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RVKCCVTVZORVGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N trinexapac-ethyl Chemical group O=C1CC(C(=O)OCC)CC(=O)C1=C(O)C1CC1 RVKCCVTVZORVGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KVEQCVKVIFQSGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N tritosulfuron Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=NC(OC)=NC(NC(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C=2C(=CC=CC=2)C(F)(F)F)=N1 KVEQCVKVIFQSGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940035893 uracil Drugs 0.000 description 1
- JARYYMUOCXVXNK-CSLFJTBJSA-N validamycin A Chemical compound N([C@H]1C[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O)[C@H]1O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1)O)CO)[C@H]1C=C(CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O JARYYMUOCXVXNK-CSLFJTBJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DBXFMOWZRXXBRN-LWKPJOBUSA-N valifenalate Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)NC(CC(=O)OC)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 DBXFMOWZRXXBRN-LWKPJOBUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LESVOLZBIFDZGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N vamidothion Chemical compound CNC(=O)C(C)SCCSP(=O)(OC)OC LESVOLZBIFDZGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019871 vegetable fat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BCEHBSKCWLPMDN-MGPLVRAMSA-N voriconazole Chemical compound C1([C@H](C)[C@](O)(CN2N=CN=C2)C=2C(=CC(F)=CC=2)F)=NC=NC=C1F BCEHBSKCWLPMDN-MGPLVRAMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004740 voriconazole Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920003169 water-soluble polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- WCJYTPVNMWIZCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N xylylcarb Chemical compound CNC(=O)OC1=CC=C(C)C(C)=C1 WCJYTPVNMWIZCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005943 zeta-Cypermethrin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940048462 zinc phosphide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- AMHNZOICSMBGDH-UHFFFAOYSA-L zineb Chemical compound [Zn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S AMHNZOICSMBGDH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- DUBNHZYBDBBJHD-UHFFFAOYSA-L ziram Chemical compound [Zn+2].CN(C)C([S-])=S.CN(C)C([S-])=S DUBNHZYBDBBJHD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- FJBGIXKIXPUXBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N {2-[3-(4-chlorophenyl)propyl]-2,4,4-trimethyl-1,3-oxazolidin-3-yl}(imidazol-1-yl)methanone Chemical compound C1=CN=CN1C(=O)N1C(C)(C)COC1(C)CCCC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 FJBGIXKIXPUXBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/24—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing ingredients to enhance the sticking of the active ingredients
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing liquids as carriers, diluents or solvents
- A01N25/04—Dispersions, emulsions, suspoemulsions, suspension concentrates or gels
- A01N25/06—Aerosols
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing liquids as carriers, diluents or solvents
- A01N25/04—Dispersions, emulsions, suspoemulsions, suspension concentrates or gels
Definitions
- the invention relates to the use of certain alkoxylated
- Plant treatment agents a method for reducing the drift in the application of plant treatment agents, as well as means for Driftreduzierung.
- Plant protection products are used in a very efficient manner
- the drift of the spray is essentially determined by the
- Droplet size distribution determined. The smaller the droplets, the longer the residence time in the air and the greater the tendency to horizontally drift and evaporate and / or miss the destination. It is known from the literature that the fine drop fraction ⁇ 150 ⁇ m (Teske et al., 2004, The Role of Small Droplets in Classifying Drop Size Distributions, ILASS Americas 17th Annual Conference, Arlington VA), in particular ⁇ 100 ⁇ m (Vermeer et al. , Proc. ISAA 2013, The use of adjuvanted formulations for drift control), determines the proportion of droplets in the spray, which contributes to the drift effect. The reduction of the fine drop fraction in the spray is therefore crucial for a reduction of the drift and is therefore used to determine the drift properties of a composition.
- drift control agents to crop protection formulations which cause a reduction of the fine drop fraction and thus an enlargement of the droplets in the spray mist.
- the modified with “drift control agents” In addition, formulations must be insensitive to the shear forces to which they are exposed in the spray pumps and nozzles. Good biodegradability, compatibility with other components of the
- Carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, methylcellulose, polysaccharides, natural and synthetic guar gum (US 4,413,087, US 4,505,827,
- Plant treatment agents are suitable and when spraying this
- Plant treatment means an effective enlargement of the droplets by a Reduction of the fine drop fraction in the spray effect. It has thus surprisingly been found that these particular alkoxylated
- Vegetable oil derivatives are suitable for use in reducing drift in the application of plant treatment agents.
- the invention therefore relates to the use of one or more alkoxylated vegetable oil derivatives, these structural units resulting from a) vegetable oil, and b) alkylene oxide, wherein alkylene oxide for ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide or mixtures of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide or mixtures of ethylene oxide and butylene oxide and c) one or more monocarboxylic acids according to formula (I)
- the invention also provides the use of one or more alkoxylated vegetable oil derivatives obtainable by reacting the components a) and b) and c) a) vegetable oil, and b) alkylene oxide, where alkylene oxide is ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide or mixtures of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide or mixtures of ethylene oxide and butylene oxide, and c) one or more monocarboxylic acids of formula (I)
- the vegetable oil a) is preferably triglycerides, i. H. to esters of glycerol and a single or more different fatty acids Ra-COOH, wherein Ra is a linear or branched, saturated alkyl radical having 5 to 29, preferably 7 to 21, carbon atoms, which may also contain one or more OH groups, or a linear or branched, monounsaturated or polyunsaturated alkenyl radical having 5 to 29, preferably 7 to 21,
- Carbon atoms which may also contain one or more OH groups.
- the structural units derived from ethylene oxide are structural units -C 2 H 4 O-, in the structural units resulting from propylene oxide structural units -C 3 H 6 O- and in the structural units derived from butylene oxide
- Structural units -C4H8O- which are also referred to below simply as EO, PO or BO units.
- plant treatment compositions are preferably understood as meaning compositions which contain one or more substances selected from the group consisting of pesticides, phytohormones, preferably
- spreadable salts preferably fertilizers or plant nutrients or fungicidal copper compounds, and repellents.
- pesticides phytohormones, preferably growth regulators, agents for biological control, water-dissolvable salts, preferably fertilizers or plant nutrients or fungicidal copper compounds, and repellents are in the context of the present invention as "Agrochemical substances”.
- drift in the sense of the invention is understood to mean the effect that during the spraying of the plant treatment agent small droplets form, which can be carried beyond the surface to be treated and thus make the spraying less effective or even harmful to adjacent surfaces and crops. In addition to drift, smaller droplets tend to evaporate more, resulting in decreased drug availability on the target area.
- drift reduction or “drift reduction” is preferably understood to mean the reduction of the proportion of fine droplets having a diameter ⁇ 105 ⁇ m in the spray compared to the application of an agent which does not contain the alkoxylated vegetable oil derivatives, preferably by at least 10%, and more preferably at least 25%.
- the one or more contain according to the invention are provided.
- alkylene oxide From 20 to 70% by weight of alkylene oxide, where alkylene oxide is ethylene oxide,
- the stated proportions of components a), b) and c) relate to the total amount of the components used to prepare the alkoxylated vegetable oil derivatives. They do not refer to the
- the alkoxylated vegetable oil derivatives used in the invention are:
- alkoxylated vegetable oil derivatives used according to the invention are
- the vegetable oil is alkoxylated in a first step.
- the free alcohol functions of the alkoxylated vegetable oil obtained from the first reaction step are esterified with monocarboxylic acid in a condensation reaction.
- Vegetable oil derivatives are generally defined by the above-mentioned components a), b) and c). Preferred radical definitions of the above and
- the one or more alkoxylated vegetable oil derivatives are preferably obtainable or preferably prepared such that the vegetable oil a) is first reacted with alkylene oxide b) and only thereafter the alkoxylated vegetable oil is reacted with the one or more monocarboxylic acids c).
- the vegetable oil a) is particularly preferably vegetable fats and oils selected from the group consisting of palm kernel oil, sunflower oil, rapeseed oil, castor oil, olive oil, soybean oil, corn kernel oil, coconut oil, linseed oil and cottonseed oil.
- the vegetable oil is a) castor oil.
- Alkylene oxide b) is ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide or mixtures of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide or mixtures of
- Alkylene oxide b) is preferably ethylene oxide, propylene oxide or mixtures of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide.
- the alkylene oxide b) is particularly preferably ethylene oxide.
- the one or more monocarboxylic acids c) are
- fatty acids having 8 to 30, preferably 12 to 22, carbon atoms, more preferably one or more fatty acids selected from the group consisting of caprylic acid, capric acid,
- Lauric acid myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, arachidic acid,
- Behenic, palmitoic, oleic, linoleic and mixtures of such fatty acids such. As tallow fatty acids or coconut fatty acids.
- the one or more are
- Monocarboxylic acids c) to oleic acid Monocarboxylic acids c) to oleic acid.
- the vegetable oil is a) castor oil, wherein the alkylene oxide b) is ethylene oxide and the one or more
- Monocarboxylic acids c) to oleic acid Monocarboxylic acids c) to oleic acid.
- the one or more alkoxylated vegetable oil derivatives preferably contain structural units resulting from or is the one or more alkoxylated vegetable oil derivatives obtainable by reaction of
- the saponification value of the one or more alkoxylated vegetable oil derivatives is preferably between 70 and 150 mg KOH / g and more preferably between 100 and 120 mg KOH / g.
- the saponification value is determined using the method described in DIN EN ISO 3618.
- the acid number of the one or more alkoxylated vegetable oil derivatives is preferably less than 10 mg KOH / g and more preferably less than 7 mg KOH / g.
- the one or more alkoxylated vegetable oil derivatives consist of structural units resulting from the components a), b) and c).
- the one or more vegetable oil derivatives is obtained by reacting components a) and b) and c).
- the one or more alkoxylated vegetable oil derivatives can be used in all conventional formulation types, preferably in liquid
- a preferred embodiment of the invention is the use of the one or more alkoxylated vegetable oil derivatives to reduce the drift in the application of plant treatment agents as a tank mix additive, ie that the one or more alkoxylated vegetable oil derivatives until just before applying one of a concentrated formulation be added prepared spray mixture.
- Another preferred embodiment of the invention is the use of the one or more alkoxylated vegetable oil derivatives to reduce the drift in the application of plant treatment agents as an in-can variant, ie that the one or more alkoxylated vegetable oil derivatives together with the ingredients of the plant treatment agent in a concentrated
- Formulation are already installed and diluted as a spray mixture with water.
- the inventive use of the one or more alkoxylated vegetable oil derivatives is preferably carried out in ready-to-use
- Plant treatment compositions in the form of spray liquors wherein the amount of the one or more alkoxylated vegetable oil derivatives in the spray mixture preferably from 0.001 to 5 wt .-%, particularly preferably from 0.005 to
- spray mixtures used in the inventive use preferably contain one or more
- agrochemical substances If a plant-treatment agent contains several alkoxylated vegetable oil derivatives, the quantity indicated is the total content of all alkoxylated vegetable oil derivatives.
- Plant treatment agents are basically independent of the type of agrochemical substance used. However, the selection of the optimal degree of alkoxylation of the one or more alkoxylated Vegetable oil derivatives for maximum drift reduction in the application, by in the plant treatment agents optionally contained cloud point-lowering substances such. As drug salts or other salts, are affected.
- the one or more alkoxylated vegetable oil derivatives can be used in the preparation of plant treatment agents. This results in compositions used according to the invention, which contain one or more alkoxylated vegetable oil derivatives and one or more agrochemical substances.
- herbicides are herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, acaricides, bactericides, molluscides, nematicides and
- inhibitors of ergosterol biosynthesis such as aldimorph, azaconazole, bitertanol, bromuconazole, cyproconazole, diclobutrazole,
- inhibitors of respiration such as bixafen, boscalid, carboxin, diflumetorim, fenfuram, fluopyram, flutolanil, fluxapyroxad, furametpyr, furnacecyclox, isopyrazam mixture of syn-epimeric racemate 1 RS, 4SR, 9RS and the anti -empimeric racemates 1 RS, 4SR, 9SR, isopyrazam (anti-epimeric racemate), isopyrazam (anti-epimeric enantiomer 1R, 4S, 9S), isopyrazam (anti-epimeric enantiomer 1S, 4R, 9R), isopyrazam
- inhibitors of respiration at the complex III of the respiratory chain, such as ametoctradine, amisulbrom, azoxystrobin, cyazofamide, coumethoxystrobin, coumoxystrobin, dimoxystrobin, enestroburin, famoxadone, fenamidone, fenoxystrobin, fluoxastrobin, kresoxim-methyl,
- Inhibitors of amino acid and protein biosynthesis such as andoprim, blasticidin-S, cyprodinil, kasugamycin, kasugamycin hydrochloride
- inhibitors of ATP production such as fentin acetate, fentin chloride, fentin hydroxide and silthiofam.
- Inhibitors of cell wall synthesis such as benthiavalicarb, dimethonnorph, flumorph, iprovalicarb, mandipropamide, polyoxins, polyoxorim, validamycin A, and valifenalate.
- inhibitors of lipid and membrane synthesis such as biphenyl, chloroneb, dicloran, edifenphos, etridiazole, iodocarb, Iprobenfos, isoprothiolane, propamocarb, propamocarb hydrochloride, prothiocarb, pyrazophos, quintozene, tecnazene and tolclofos-methyl.
- Inhibitors of melanin biosynthesis such as carpropamide, diclocymet, fenoxanil, fthalide, pyroquilone, tricyclazole, and 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl ⁇ 3-methyl-1 - [(4-methylbenzoyl) amino] butane-2 yl ⁇ carbamate.
- inhibitors of nucleic acid synthesis such as benalaxyl,
- Benalaxyl M (Kiralaxyl), Bupirimat, Clozylacone, Dimethirimol, Ethirimol, Furalaxyl, Hymexazole, Metalaxyl, Metalaxyl-M (Mefenoxam), Ofurace, Oxadixyl and
- Fenpiclonil fludioxonil, iprodione, procymidone, quinoxyfen and vinclozolin.
- Decouplers such as binapacryl, dinocap, ferimzone, fluazinam and meptyldinocap.
- Tecloftalam, copper sulfate and other copper preparations examples include:
- Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors such as carbamates, e.g. B. alanycarb, aldicarb, bendiocarb, benfuracarb, butocarboxime, butoxycarboxime, carbaryl, carbofuran, carbosulfan, ethiofencarb, fenobucarb, formetanate, furathiocarb, Isoprocarb, methiocarb, methomyl, metolcarb, oxamyl, pirimicarb, propoxur, thiodicarb, thiofanox, triazamates, trimethacarb, XMC and xylylcarb; or organophosphates, e.g.
- carbamates e.g. B. alanycarb, aldicarb, bendiocarb, benfuracarb, butocarboxime, butoxycarboxime, carbaryl, carbofuran, carbo
- Cyclodiene organochlorines e.g. Chlordane and endosulfan; or phenylpyrazoles (fiproles), e.g. B. ethiprole and fipronil.
- phenylpyrazoles e.g. B. ethiprole and fipronil.
- sodium channel modulators / voltage dependent sodium channel blockers such as pyrethroids, e.g. B.
- beta-cypermethrin theta-cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin, cyphenothrin [(1R) trans isomers], deltamethrin, empenthrin [(EZ) (1R) isomers), esfenvalerates, etofenprox, fenpropathrin, fenvalerates, flucythrinates, Flumethrin, tau-fluvalinate, halfenprox, imiprothrin, kadethrin, permethrin, phenothhrin [(1R) -trans-isomer), prallethrin, pyrethrin (pyrethrum), resmethrin, silafluofen, tefluthrin,
- nAChR nicotinergic acetylcholine receptor
- neonicotinoids e.g. Acetamiprid, clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid
- nicotinergic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) allosteric activators such as spinosines, e.g. B. spinetoram and spinosad.
- chloride channel activators such as avermectins / milbemycins, e.g. Abamectin, emamectin benzoate, lepimectin and milbemectin.
- Juvenile hormone mimics such as juvenile hormone analogs, e.g. Hydroprene, kinoprene and methoprene; or fenoxycarb; or pyriproxyfen.
- agents with unknown or nonspecific modes of action such as alkyl halides, e.g. Methyl bromide and other alkyl halides; or
- chloropicrin or sulfuryl fluoride; or borax; or tartar emetic.
- CrylAb thuringiensis subspecies tenebrionis and BT plant proteins: CrylAb, CrylAc, Cry1 Fa, Cry2Ab, mCry3A, Cry3Ab, Cry3Bb, Cry34 / 35Ab1.
- inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation, ATP disruptors such as diafenthiuron; or organotin compounds, e.g. Azocyclotin, cyhexatin and fenbutatin oxide; or propargite; or tetrad ifon.
- (12) inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation, ATP disruptors such as diafenthiuron; or organotin compounds, e.g. Azocyclotin, cyhexatin and fenbutatin oxide; or propargite; or tetrad ifon.
- (12) Decoupling of oxidative phosphorylation by interruption of the H proton gradient, such as chlorfenapyr, DNOC, and sulfluramide.
- Nicotinergic acetylcholine receptor antagonists such as Bensultap, Cartap hydrochloride, thiocyclam and thiosultap sodium.
- Type 0 inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis such as bistrifluron, chlorofluorazuron, diflubenzuron, flucydoxuron, flufenoxuron, hexaflunnuron, lufenuron, novaluron, noviflumuron, teflubenzuron and triflumuron.
- inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis type 1, such as buprofezin.
- Moulting agents dipteran, such as cyromazine.
- ecdysone receptor agonists such as chromafenozides, halofenozides, methoxyfenozides, and tebufenozides.
- Octopaminergic agonists such as amitraz.
- Complex III electron transport inhibitors such as
- METI acaricides e.g. Fenazaquin, Fenpyroximate, Pyrimidifen, Pyridaben, Tebufenpyrad and Tolfenpyrad; or Rotenone (Derris).
- Voltage dependent sodium channel blockers e.g. Indoxacarb; or metaflumizone.
- inhibitors of acetyl-CoA carboxylase such as tetronic and tetramic acid derivatives, e.g. Spirodiclofen, spiromesifen and spirotetramat.
- complex IV electron transport inhibitors such as phosphines, e.g. Aluminum phosphide, calcium phosphide, phosphine and zinc phosphide; or cyanide.
- Complex II electron transport inhibitors such as
- ryanodine receptor effectors such as diamides, e.g. B.
- Cyflumetofen Dicofol, Diflovidazine, Fluensulfone, Flufenerim, Flufiprole,
- herbicides examples include:
- Cytokinins 2,4-D, 2,4-DB, daimuron / dymron, dalapon, daminozides, dazomet, n-decanol, desmedipham, desmetryn, detosyl pyrazolates (DTP), dialkylates,
- Dimethenamid-P Dimethipine, Dimetrasulfuron, Dinitramine, Dinoseb, Dinoterb, Diphenamid, Diisopropylnaphthalenes, Dipropetryn, Diquat, Diquat-dibromide, Dithiopyr, Diuron, DNOC, Eglinazine-ethyl, Endothal, EPTC, Esprocarb,
- Flucarbazone Flucarbazone-sodium, Flucetosulfuron, Fluchloralin, Flufenacet (Thiafluamide), Flufenpyr, Flufenpyr-ethyl, Flumetralin, Flumetsulam, Flumiclorac, Flumiclorac-pentyl, Flumioxazin, Flumipropyn, Fluometuron, Fluorodifen,
- Fluoroglycofen Fluoroglycofen, fluoroglycofen-ethyl, flupoxam, flupropacil, flupropanate,
- Flupyrsulfuron Flupyrsulfuron-methyl-sodium, Flurenol, Flurenol-butyl, Fluridone, Flurochloridone, Fluroxypyr, Fluroxypyr-meptyl, Flurprimidol, Flurtamone,
- Fluthiacet Fluthiacet-methyl, Fluthiamide, Fomesafen, Foramsulfuron, Förch lorfenuron, fosamine, furyloxyfen, gibberellin, glufosinate,
- Glufosinate-annononiunn glufosinate-P
- glufosinate-P-ammonium glufosinate-P-sodium
- glyphosate glyphosate-isopropylammonium
- Metazachlor metazasulfuron, methazoles, methiopyrsulfuron, methiozoline
- Methoxyphenones methyldymron, 1-methylcyclopropene, methyl isothiocyanate, metobenzuron, metobromuron, metolachlor, S-metolachlor, metosulam,
- N- [3-chloro-4- (1-methylethyl) -phenyl] -2-methylpentanannide NGGC-01 1, 1-naphthylacetic acid (NAA), naphthylacetamide (NAAm), 2-naphthoxyacetic acid, naproanilides,
- Pnfluralins Proxydim, Prohexadione, Prohexadione-calcium, Prohydrojasmones, Prometon, Prometry, Propachlor, Propanil, Propaquizafop, Propazine, Propham, Propisochlor, Propoxycarbazone, Propoxycarbazone-Sodium, Propyrisulfuron, Propyzamide, Prosulfine, Prosulfocarb, Prosulfuron, Prynachlor, Pyraclonil, Pyraflufen, Pyraflufen-ethyl, Pyrasulfotole, Pyrazolynate (Pyrazolate),
- Phytohornnones control physiological reactions, such as growth, blinding, cell division and maturation.
- growth regulators may be mentioned natural and synthetic plant hormones, such as abscissic acid, benzyladenine, caprylic acid, decanol, indoleacetic acid, jasmonic acid or its esters, salicylic acid or its esters, gibberellic acid, kinetin and
- Biocontrol Agents are known to those skilled in the art and are described, for example, in "The Manual of Biocontrol Agents: A World Compendium, Copping, L.G., BCPC 2009".
- plant nutrients include common inorganic or organic fertilizers for the supply of plants with macro and / or micronutrients.
- repellents are diethyltolylamide, ethylhexanediol and
- the agrochemical substances are preferably selected from the group consisting of herbicides, insecticides, fungicides and
- the agrochemical substances are particularly preferably selected from the group consisting of herbicides and
- Preferred fungicides are aliphatic nitrogen fungicides, amide fungicides such as acylamino acid fungicides or anilide fungicides or benzamide fungicides or strobilurin fungicides, aromatic fungicides, benzimidazole fungicides,
- Benzothiazole fungicides carbamate fungicides, conazole fungicides such as imidazoles or triazoles, dicarboximide fungicides, dithiocarbamate fungicides, imidazole fungicides, morpholide fungicides, oxazole fungicides, pyrazole fungicides, pyridine fungicides,
- the fungicides are particularly preferably selected from the group consisting of morpholine fungicides, preferably fenpropidin or fenpropimorph, and spiroketalamines, preferably spiroxamine. These fungicides are characterized in particular by high human toxicity in sublethal doses.
- Preferred insecticides are carbamate insecticides, such as
- Lactone insecticides such as avermectin insecticides or milbemycin insecticides or spinosyn insecticides, nereistoxin analogous insecticides, neonicotinoids, nicotinoid insecticides such as nitroguanidine nicotinotide insecticides or
- Oxadiazine insecticides pyrazole insecticides, pyrethroid insecticides like
- the insecticides are selected from the group consisting of organophosphorus insecticides, preferably dimethoate, and neonicotinoids. These insecticides are characterized in particular by a high toxicity to beneficials and bees in sublethal doses.
- Preferred herbicides are amide herbicides, anilide herbicides, aromatic
- Acid herbicides such as benzoic acid herbicides or picolinic acid herbicides,
- Benzoylcyclohexanedione herbicides benzofuranyl alkyl sulfonate herbicides,
- Cyclohexenoxime herbicides cyclopropylisoxazole herbicides, dicarboximide herbicides, dinitroaniline herbicides, dinitrophenol herbicides, diphenyl ether herbicides,
- Dithiocarbamate herbicides Dithiocarbamate herbicides, glycine derivative herbicides, imidazolinone herbicides,
- Isoxazolherbicides Isoxazolidinonherbizide, nitrile herbicides, organophosphorus herbicides, Oxadiazolonherbizide, Oxazolherbizide, Phenoxyherbizide as Phenoxyessigklareherbizide or Phenoxybutanchureherbizide or
- Phenoxypropionic acid herbicides or aryloxyphenoxypropionic acid herbicides Phenoxypropionic acid herbicides or aryloxyphenoxypropionic acid herbicides, phenylpyrazoline herbicides, pyrazole herbicides such as benzoylpyrazole herbicides or phenylpyrazole herbicides, pyridazinone herbicides, pyridine herbicides,
- Triazinone herbicides Triazole herbicides, triazolone herbicides, and
- Triazolopyrinnidine herbicides Triketone herbicides, uracil herbicides, urea herbicides such as phenylurea herbicides or sulfonylurea herbicides.
- the herbicides are particularly preferably selected from the group consisting of
- Benzoic acid herbicides preferably dicamba or its salts
- Cyclohexenoximherbiziden preferably Clethodim, Diphenyletherherbiziden, preferably Aclonifen, Isoxazolidinonherbiziden, preferably Clomazon, and Phenoxyherbiziden, preferably 2,4-D or their salts or esters. These herbicides are characterized in particular by high plant toxicity compared to non-target plants in sublethal doses.
- Preferred growth regulators are natural and synthetic
- Plant hormones selected from the group consisting of alcohols, preferably decanol, auxins, preferably indoleacetic acid, cytokinins, preferably benzyladenine, fatty acids, preferably caprylic acid, gibberelins, preferably gibberelic acid, jasmonates, preferably jasmonic acid or its esters, sesquiterpenes, preferably abscissic acid, and salicylic acid or its esters.
- the one or more agrochemical substances are one or more pesticides selected from the group consisting of aclonifen, clethodim, 2,4-D or their salts or esters, dicamba or its salts, dimethoate, fenpropidin, fenpropimorph and
- Spiroxamine pesticides are characterized by high volatility (vapor pressure greater than 10 ⁇ 5 Pa) and high toxicity to humans,
- Common formulation forms for plant treatment agents are, for example, water-soluble liquids (SL), emulsion concentrates (EC), emulsions in water (EW), suspension concentrates (SC, SE, FS, OD), in water
- WG dispersible granules
- GR granules
- CS capsule concentrates
- the plant treatment agents may optionally contain the effect-improving adjuvants.
- An adjuvant in this context is a component that enhances the biological effect of the formulation without the component itself having a biological effect. Examples of adjuvants are
- Sunflower oil mineral oils such as paraffin oils, alkyl esters of vegetable fatty acids such as rapeseed oil or soybean oil or alkanol alkoxylates and / or spreading agents such as alkyl siloxanes and / or salts z.
- organic or inorganic ammonium or phosphonium salts such as ammonium sulfate or diammonium hydrogen phosphate and / or retention-promoting agents such.
- dioctylsulfosuccinate or hydroxypropyl guar polymers and / or humectants such.
- glycerol and / or fertilizers such as ammonium, potassium or phosphorus-containing fertilizers and / or agents that promote adhesion to the leaf surface.
- the plant treatment agents may contain adjuvants, preferably in combination with the above-mentioned adjuvants.
- the auxiliaries may be, for example, extenders, solvents,
- Antifreeze, biocides and / or thickeners act.
- the plant treatment agents are prepared in a known manner, for. B. by mixing the active ingredients with excipients such as extenders, solvents and / or solid carriers and / or other excipients such as surface-active substances.
- excipients such as extenders, solvents and / or solid carriers and / or other excipients such as surface-active substances.
- Plant treatment agents as formulations are either in suitable plants or before or during the application.
- Excipients which can be used are those which are suitable for adding to the formulation of the active substance or to the forms of use prepared from these formulations (such as, for example, usable plant protection agents such as spray mixtures or seed dressing), such as certain physical, technical and / or biological properties to lend.
- Suitable extenders z As water, polar and nonpolar organic chemical liquids such. B. from the classes of aromatic and non-aromatic hydrocarbons (such as paraffins, alkylbenzenes, alkylnaphthalenes, chlorobenzenes), the alcohols and polyols (which may also be substituted, etherified and / or esterified), the ketones (such as acetone, cyclohexanone), Esters (including fats and oils) and (poly) ethers, simple and substituted amines, amides, lactams (such as N-alkylpyrrolidones) and lactones, sulfones and sulfoxides (such as dimethylsulfoxide).
- aromatic solvents such as paraffins, alkylbenzenes, alkylnaphthalenes, chlorobenzenes
- the alcohols and polyols which may also be substituted, etherified and / or esterified
- Hydrocarbons such as chlorobenzene, chloroethylene, or methylene chloride, aliphatic hydrocarbons such. As cyclohexane, paraffins, petroleum fractions, mineral and vegetable oils, alcohols such. As methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, butanol or glycol and their ethers and esters, ketones such. B.
- Carriers come in particular: z. Ammonium salts and ground natural minerals such as kaolins, clays, talc, chalk, quartz, attapulgite,
- Silicates Silicates, resins, waxes and / or solid fertilizers. Mixtures of such
- Carriers can also be used. Suitable carriers for granules are: z. As broken and fractionated natural rocks such as calcite, marble, pumice, sepiolite, dolomite and synthetic granules
- Material such as sawdust, paper, coconut shells, corn cobs and tobacco stems.
- liquefied gaseous diluents or solvents can be used.
- extenders or carriers which are gaseous at normal temperature and under atmospheric pressure, for.
- aerosol propellants such as halogenated hydrocarbons and butane, propane, nitrogen and carbon dioxide.
- surfactants are salts of polyacrylic acid, salts of lignosulphonic acid, salts of phenolsulphonic acid or
- Naphthalenesulphonic acid polycondensates of ethylene oxide with fatty alcohols or with fatty acids or with fatty amines, with substituted phenols (preferably alkylphenols or arylphenols), salts of sulphosuccinic acid esters,
- Taurine derivatives preferably alkyl taurates
- Polyethoxy Herten alcohols or phenols, fatty acid esters of polyols and derivatives of the compounds containing sulphates, sulphonates and phosphates eg. B. alkylaryl polyglycol ethers, alkylsulfonates, alkyl sulfates, arylsulfonates,
- Protein hydrolysates, lignin-sulphite liquors and methylcellulose Protein hydrolysates, lignin-sulphite liquors and methylcellulose.
- a surfactant is advantageous when one of the active ingredients and / or one of the inert carriers is not soluble in water and when applied in water.
- auxiliaries can in the formulations and the applications derived therefrom dyes such as inorganic pigments, eg.
- dyes such as inorganic pigments, eg.
- iron oxide, titanium oxide, ferrocyan blue and organic dyes such as alizarin, azo and Metallphthalocyaninfarbstoffe and nutrient and trace nutrients such as salts of iron, manganese, boron, copper, cobalt, molybdenum and zinc may be present.
- stabilizers such as cold stabilizers
- Preservatives antioxidants, light stabilizers or other chemical and / or physical stability improving agents. It may also contain foam-forming agents or defoamers.
- formulations and the use forms derived therefrom may also contain, as additional auxiliaries, adhesives such as carboxymethylcellulose, natural and synthetic powdery, granular or latex-like polymers
- auxiliaries may be mineral and vegetable oils.
- auxiliaries may be present in the formulations and in the use forms derived therefrom.
- additives are, for example, fragrances, protective colloids, binders, adhesives, thickeners, thixotropic substances, penetration enhancers, retention promoters, stabilizers,
- Sequestering agent, complexing agent, humectans, spreading agent Sequestering agent, complexing agent, humectans, spreading agent.
- the agrochemicals can be combined with any solid or liquid additive commonly used for formulation purposes.
- Retention promoters are all those substances which reduce the dynamic surface tension, for example
- Dioctylsulfosuccinat or increase the visco-elasticity such as hydroxypropyl guar polymers.
- Suitable penetration promoters in the present context are all those substances which are customarily used to improve the penetration of agrochemical substances into plants.
- Penetration promoters are in this context defined by the fact that they from the (usually aqueous) application broth and / or from the
- Mobility of the active ingredients in the cuticle can increase.
- the method described in the literature can be used to determine this property.
- Examples include alcohol alkoxylates such as coconut oil ethoxylate (10) or Isotridecylethoxylat (12), fatty acid esters such as rapeseed oil or
- Soybean oil fatty amine alkoxylates such as tallowan ethoxylate (15) or ammonium and / or phosphonium salts such as
- the plant treatment agents preferably contain between 0.00000001 and 98 wt .-% of agrochemical substances, more preferably between
- agrochemicals 0.01 and 95 wt .-% of agrochemicals, and more preferably between 0.5 and 90 wt .-% of agrochemicals, based on the weight of the plant treatment agent.
- Plant protection agents prepared application forms can vary widely.
- concentration of agrochemical concentration of agrochemical
- Substances in the use forms, in particular in the spray liquors, can usually be between 0.00000001 and 95 wt .-% of agrochemical
- Substance preferably between 0.00001 and 5 wt .-% of agrochemical substance, more preferably between 0.00001 and 1 wt .-% of
- agrochemical substance and more preferably between 0.001 and 1 wt .-% of agrochemical substance, based on the weight of
- Application form in particular the spray mixture lie.
- the application is done in a custom forms adapted to the application.
- the preparation of the formulations takes place z. B. in such a way that one mixes the components in the respectively desired ratios with each other.
- the agrochemical substance is a solid substance, it is generally used either in finely ground form or in the form of a solution or suspension in an organic solvent or water. If the agrochemical substance is liquid, the use of an organic solvent is often unnecessary. It is also possible to use a solid agrochemical substance in the form of a melt.
- the temperatures can be varied within a certain range when carrying out the process. It is generally carried out at temperatures between 0 ° C and 80 ° C, preferably between 10 ° C and 60 ° C.
- the invention further provides a method for reducing the drift in the application of plant treatment agents, wherein a preferably aqueous spray mixture on the plants to be treated or their place
- the spray mixture contains one or more alkoxylated vegetable oil derivatives and the amount of the one or more alkoxylated
- Vegetable oil derivatives in the spray mixture preferably from 0.001 to 5 wt .-%, particularly preferably from 0.005 to 3 wt .-%, particularly preferably from 0.01 to 1 wt .-% and most preferably from 0.03 to 0.5 wt. -%, in each case based on the total weight of the spray mixture.
- the spray mixture used in the process according to the invention furthermore preferably contains one or more agrochemical substances.
- the invention furthermore relates to agents for drift reduction in the application of plant treatment compositions comprising one or more of the alkoxylated vegetable oil derivatives described above and, preferably
- the amount of the one or more alkoxylated vegetable oil derivatives in the spray mixture preferably from 0.001 to 5 wt .-%, particularly preferably from 0.005 to 3 wt .-%, particularly preferably from 0, 01 to 1 wt .-% and most preferably from 0.03 to 0.5 wt .-%, each based on the total weight of the spray mixture.
- compositions according to the invention and preferably the spray mixtures according to the invention furthermore preferably contain one or more agrochemical substances.
- the raw materials used are:
- Castor oil Castor oil obtained from the company Fuerst Day Lawson Edenor Ti 05 oleic acid obtained from BASF
- Emuisogen ® EL 200 castor oil Clariant Emuisogen ® EL 200 castor oil Clariant.
- Emuisogen ® EL 360 castor oil Clariant Emuisogen ® EL 360 castor oil Clariant.
- reaction mixture is then heated with stirring to 160 ° C, and stirred for 2 h at this temperature. Subsequently, the esterification reaction is continued for 4 h at 180 ° C and aqueous condensate (head temperature: 70 - 103 ° C) distilled off to obtain the product.
- reaction mixture is then heated with stirring to 160 ° C, and stirred for 2 h at this temperature. Subsequently, the esterification reaction is continued for 2 h at 180 ° C and aqueous condensate (head temperature: 70 - 103 ° C) distilled off to obtain the product.
- aqueous condensate head temperature: 70 - 103 ° C
- composition of spray liquors B1 - B1 1 is given.
- the spray liquors were prepared by mixing the alkoxylated vegetable oil derivatives with water.
- Test substance Quantity of test substance [% by weight]
- These spray liquors are prepared by mixing Sterling Blue from Winfield (aqueous SL formulation of the diglycolamine (DGA) salt of Dicamba 480 g / l a.e.), water and the test substance.
- DGA diglycolamine
- composition of the sprays D1 - D10. These spray mixtures are prepared by mixing the agrochemical salt AMS, water and the test substance. Table 4
- a Malvern Spraytec "real-time spray sizing system" was used to determine droplet size distribution using a specially designed system (STP5321, Malvern Instruments GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany)
- Spray booth mounted with the option, common spray applications with freely adjustable pressure for various hydraulic nozzles and freely adjustable
- the spray booth can be darkened and all disturbance parameters can be switched off.
- the standard flat jet nozzle XR1 1002 Teejet
- the injector nozzles ID12002 Lechler
- ID (3) 12002 Lechler
- the set pressure was varied and a mean pressure of 3 bar was kept constant for the measurements reported below.
- Temperature and relative humidity varied between 21, 5 and 29 ° C and 33% and 56%. In each test series always tap water was measured as an internal standard and a spray mixture with the anti-drift adjuvant Synergen ® OS as commercially available standard.
- the Spraytec measurement was made at the setting of 1 kHz, after measurements at 2.5 kHz or higher as well as other parameters such as additional suction proved to be negligible.
- the measurement in the spray was kept constant at a position with distances of exactly 29.3 cm to the nozzle and 0.4 cm from the solder under nozzle.
- the measurements were carried out within 5 seconds and reported the mean of 6 repetitions as volume fraction of drops with diameter ⁇ 90 ⁇ ("Vol 90"), ⁇ 105 ⁇ ("Vol 105”) and ⁇ 150 ⁇ (“Vol 150”) (percentage standard error 0.5 - 2.5%).
- the volume fraction of the drops was
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Abstract
Die Erfindung betrifft die Verwendung eines oder mehrerer alkoxylierter Pflanzenölderivate, wobei diese Struktureinheiten hervorgegangen aus a) Pflanzenöl, und b) Alkylenoxid, wobei Alkylenoxid für Ethylenoxid, Propylenoxid, Butylenoxid oder für Gemische aus Ethylenoxid und Propylenoxid oder für Gemische aus Ethylenoxid und Butylenoxid steht, und c) einer oder mehreren Monocarbonsäuren gemäß Formel (I) : R1-COOH, wobei R1 für unverzweigtes oder verzweigtes, gesättigtes Alkyl mit 1 bis 29 Kohlenstoffatomen oder für unverzweigtes oder verzweigtes, einfach oder mehrfach ungesättigtes Alkenyl mit 2 bis 29 Kohlenstoffatomen steht, enthalten, zur Verminderung der Drift bei der Applikation von Pflanzenbehandlungsmitteln.
Description
Verwendung von alkoxylierten Pflanzenölderivaten zur Verminderung der Drift bei der Applikation von Pflanzenbehandlungsmitteln
Die Erfindung betrifft die Verwendung von bestimmten alkoxylierten
Pflanzenölderivaten als driftreduzierende Komponenten in
Pflanzenbehandlungsmitteln bzw. die Verwendung von bestimmten alkoxylierten Pflanzenölderivaten zur Verminderung der Drift bei der Applikation von
Pflanzenbehandlungsmitteln, ein Verfahren zur Verminderung der Drift bei der Applikation von Pflanzenbehandlungsmitteln, sowie Mittel zur Driftreduzierung.
Pflanzenschutzmittel werden in sehr effizienter Weise unter Einsatz von
Sprühtanks in Flugzeugen, Traktoren oder anderen Vorrichtungen auf
landwirtschaftliche Produktionsfelder aufgebracht. Um eine möglichst genaue Platzierung der Wirksubstanzen zu erreichen, ist es erforderlich, einen möglichst engen Sprühkegel zu erhalten und ein Abdriften des Sprühnebels aus dem Zielort heraus zu vermeiden.
Die Drift des Sprühnebels wird im Wesentlichen durch die
Tröpfchengrößenverteilung bestimmt. Je kleiner die Tröpfchen, umso länger die Verweilzeit in der Luft und umso größer die Tendenz horizontal abzudriften und zu verdampfen und/oder den Zielort zu verfehlen. Aus der Literatur ist bekannt, dass der Feintropfenanteil < 150 μιτι (Teske et al., 2004, The Role of Small Droplets in Classifying Drop Size Distributions, ILASS Americas 17th Annual Conference, Arlington VA), insbesondere < 100 μιτι (Vermeer et al., Proc. ISAA 2013, The use of adjvanted formulations for drift control), den Anteil der Tröpfchen im Sprühnebel bestimmt, der zum Drift-Effekt beiträgt. Die Reduktion des Feintropfenanteils im Sprühnebel ist daher entscheidend für eine Reduktion der Drift und wird daher benutzt, die Drifteigenschaften einer Zusammensetzung zu bestimmen. Eine deutliche Minimierung des Drift-Effektes kann durch Zusatz geeigneter "drift control agents" zu Pflanzenschutz-Formulierungen erreicht werden, die eine Verminderung des Feintropfenanteils und damit eine Vergrößerung der Tröpfchen im Sprühnebel bewirken. Die mit "drift control agents" modifizierten
Formulierungen müssen darüber hinaus gegenüber den Scherkräften, denen sie in den Sprühpumpen und -düsen ausgesetzt sind, unempfindlich sein. Gute biologische Abbaubarkeit, Kompatibilität mit anderen Bestandteilen der
Pflanzenschutzmittel, sowie eine hohe Lagerstabilität und Temperaturstabilität sind weitere Anforderungen an "drift control agents". Es ist bekannt, dass die
Rheologie wässriger Mittel durch Zusatz wasserlöslicher Polymere, beispielsweise Polyacrylamide, Acrylamid / Acrylsäurepolymere, Natriumpolyacrylat,
Carboxymethylcellulose, Hydroxyethylcellulose, Methylcellulose, Polysaccharide, natürlicher und synthetischer guar gum (US 4,413,087, US 4,505,827,
US 5,874,096) modifiziert werden kann, die zu einer Verschiebung des
Tropfengrößenspektrums zu größeren Tropfen führt.
Auch Molasse und organische Verdicker wurden als wirksame Mittel zur
Driftreduktion beschrieben (Pesticide Drift III; Drift Reduction with Spray
Thickeners; Ware, G.W. et al.; J. of Economic Entomology 63; 1314-1316; 1970). Darüber hinaus ist bekannt, dass bestimmte Emulsionen - über einen nicht vollständig verstandenen Mechanismus - zu einem reduzierten Feintropfenanteil führen (Vermeer et al.; Crop Protection 44; 2013; Spray drift review: The extent to which a formulation can contribute to spray drift reduction).
Obwohl mit den bekannten Systemen bereits gute Ergebnisse erzielt werden, ist man aus technischen, ökonomischen und ökologischen Gründen weiterhin bestrebt, geeignete "drift control agents" zu finden, die auch unter
Praxisbedingungen die Tröpfchenvolumina der wässrigen Mittel effektiv
vergrößern und ein Abdriften des Sprühnebels reduzieren. Insbesondere der Antagonismus mit Pflanzenschutzmittel-Formulierungen, Düngern und
grenzflächenaktiven Tankmixadditiven limitiert die Wirkung der "drift control agents" und robustere Produkte werden gebraucht. Überraschenderweise wurde nun gefunden, dass sich bestimmte alkoxylierte Pflanzenölderivate als driftreduzierende Adjuvantien für
Pflanzenbehandlungsmittel eignen und beim Versprühen dieser
Pflanzenbehandlungsmittel eine effektive Vergrößerung der Tröpfchen durch eine
Reduktion des Feintropfenanteils im Sprühnebel bewirken. Es wurde somit überraschenderweise gefunden, dass diese bestimmten alkoxylierten
Pflanzenölderivate für eine Verwendung zur Verminderung der Drift bei der Applikation von Pflanzenbehandlungsmitteln geeignet sind.
Gegenstand der Erfindung ist daher die Verwendung von einem oder mehreren alkoxylierten Pflanzenölderivaten, wobei diese Struktureinheiten hervorgegangen aus a) Pflanzenöl, und b) Alkylenoxid, wobei Alkylenoxid für Ethylenoxid, Propylenoxid, Butylenoxid oder für Gemische aus Ethylenoxid und Propylenoxid oder für Gemische aus Ethylenoxid und Butylenoxid steht, und c) einer oder mehreren Monocarbonsäuren gemäß Formel (I)
R1-COOH (I) wobei R1 für unverzweigtes oder verzweigtes, gesättigtes Alkyl mit 1 bis
29 Kohlenstoffatomen oder für unverzweigtes oder verzweigtes einfach oder mehrfach ungesättigtes Alkenyl mit 2 bis 29 Kohlenstoffatomen steht, enthalten,
zur Verminderung der Drift bei der Applikation von Pflanzenbehandlungsmitteln.
Gegenstand der Erfindung ist zudem die Verwendung von einem oder mehreren alkoxylierten Pflanzenölderivaten erhältlich durch Umsetzung der Komponenten a) und b) und c) a) Pflanzenöl, und
b) Alkylenoxid, wobei Alkylenoxid für Ethylenoxid, Propylenoxid, Butylenoxid oder für Gemische aus Ethylenoxid und Propylenoxid oder für Gemische aus Ethylenoxid und Butylenoxid steht, und c) einer oder mehreren Monocarbonsäuren gemäß Formel (I)
R1-COOH (I) wobei R1 für unverzweigtes oder verzweigtes, gesättigtes Alkyl mit 1 bis 29 Kohlenstoffatomen oder für unverzweigtes oder verzweigtes einfach oder mehrfach ungesättigtes Alkenyl mit 2 bis 29 Kohlenstoffatomen steht, zur Verminderung der Drift bei der Applikation von Pflanzenbehandlungsmitteln.
Bei dem Pflanzenöl a) handet es sich vorzugsweise um Triglyceride, d. h. um Ester aus Glycerin und einer einzigen oder mehreren unterschiedlichen Fettsäuren Ra-COOH, wobei Ra ein linearer oder verzweigter, gesättigter Alkylrest mit 5 bis 29 vorzugsweise 7 bis 21 , Kohlenstoffatomen ist, der auch eine oder mehrere OH-Gruppen enthalten kann, oder ein linearer oder verzweigter, einfach oder mehrfach ungesättigter Alkenylrest mit 5 bis 29, vorzugsweise 7 bis 21 ,
Kohlenstoffatomen ist, der auch eine oder mehrere OH-Gruppen, enthalten kann.
Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung handelt es sich bei den aus Ethylenoxid hervorgegangenen Struktureinheiten um Struktureinheiten -C2H4O-, bei den aus Propylenoxid hervorgegangenen Struktureinheiten um Struktureinheiten -C3H6O- und bei den aus Butylenoxid hervorgegangenen Struktureinheiten um
Struktureinheiten -C4H8O-, die im Folgenden auch einfach als EO-, PO- bzw. BO-Einheiten bezeichnet werden.
Unter„Pflanzenbehandlungsmitteln" im Sinne der Erfindung werden vorzugsweise Zusammensetzungen verstanden, die ein oder mehrere Substanzen ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Pestiziden, Phytohormonen, vorzugsweise
Wachstumsregulatoren, Mitteln zur Biologischen Kontrolle, in Wasser
ausbringbaren Salzen, vorzugsweise Düngern bzw. Pflanzennährstoffen oder
fungiziden Kupfer-Verbindungen, und Repellents enthalten. Die soeben genannten ein oder mehreren Substanzen ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Pestiziden, Phytohormonen, vorzugsweise Wachstumsregulatoren, Mitteln zur Biologischen Kontrolle, in Wasser ausbringbaren Salzen, vorzugsweise Düngern bzw. Pflanzennährstoffen oder fungiziden Kupfer-Verbindungen, und Repellents werden im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung als„agrochemische Substanzen" bezeichnet.
Unter "Drift" im Sinne der Erfindung versteht man den Effekt, dass sich beim Versprühen des Pflanzenbehandlungsmittels kleine Tröpfchen bilden, die über die zu behandelnde Fläche hinaus getragen werden können und das Versprühen so weniger effektiv oder sogar schädlich für angrenzende Flächen und Kulturen machen können. Zusätzlich zur Drift neigen kleinere Tröpfchen zu einer stärkeren Verdunstung, was zu einer verminderten Verfügbarkeit des Wirkstoffs auf der Zielfläche führen kann.
Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung versteht man unter„Driftreduzierung" bzw.„Verminderung der Drift" vorzugsweise die Verminderung des Anteils der Feintropfen mit einem Durchmesser < 105 μιτι im Sprühnebel im Vergleich zur Applikation eines Mittels, welches die alkoxylierten Pflanzenölderivate nicht enthält, vorzugsweise um mindestens 10 % und besonders bevorzugt um mindestens 25 %.
Es ist bekannt, dass die Anwesenheit von bestimmten Substanzen in wässrigen Spritzbrühen den Feintropfenanteil im Sprühnebel im Vergleich zu wässrigen Spritzbrühen, die diese Substanzen nicht enthalten, erhöhen. Werden zu diesen Spritzbrühen mit erhöhtem Feintropfenanteil erfindungsgemäß verwendete alkoxylierte Pflanzenölderivate zugegeben, kann die relative Driftreduzierung sogar noch deutlich höher liegen als oben angegeben.
Unter "Applikation" eines Pflanzenbehandlungsmittels in Form einer Spritzbrühe enthaltend ein oder mehrere agrochemische Substanzen im Sinne der Erfindung versteht man das Aufbringen einer wässrigen Spritzbrühe enthaltend ein oder mehrere agrochemische Substanzen auf die zu behandelnden Pflanzen oder deren Ort.
Vorzugsweise enthalten das eine oder die mehreren erfindungsgemäß
verwendeten alkoxylierten Pflanzenölderivate Struktureinheiten hervorgegangen aus oder sind erhältlich durch Umsetzung von a) 20 bis 55 Gew.-% Pflanzenöl, und
20 bis 70 Gew.-% Alkylenoxid, wobei Alkylenoxid für Ethylenoxid,
Propylenoxid, Butylenoxid oder für Gemische aus Ethylenoxid und
Propylenoxid oder für Gemische aus Ethylenoxid und Butylenoxid steht, und
0,1 bis 40 Gew.-% einer oder mehreren Monocarbonsäuren gemäß Formel (I)
R1-COOH (I) wobei R1 für unverzweigtes oder verzweigtes, gesättigtes Alkyl mit 1 bis 29 Kohlenstoffatomen oder für unverzweigtes oder verzweigtes, einfach oder mehrfach ungesättigtes Alkenyl mit 2 bis 29 Kohlenstoffatomen steht.
In den erfindungsgemäß verwendeten alkoxylierten Pflanzenölderivaten beziehen sich die genannten Anteile der Komponenten a), b) und c) (in Gew.-%) auf die Gesamtmenge der Komponenten wie sie zur Herstellung der alkoxylierten Pflanzenölderivate eingesetzt wurden. Sie beziehen sich nicht auf die
Endzusammensetzung der alkoxylierten Pflanzenölderivate, die durch Abspaltung von bei der Kondensation freiwerdendem Wasser geringfügig davon abweicht.
Die erfindungsgemäß verwendeten alkoxylierten Pflanzenölderivate sind
vorzugsweise durch Umsetzung der Komponenten a), b) und c) erhältlich. Die erfindungsgemäß verwendeten alkoxylierten Pflanzenölderivate werden
vorzugsweise in einem zweistufigen Prozess hergestellt. Zunächst wird in diesem bevorzugten zweistufigen Prozeß das Pflanzenöl in einem ersten Schritt alkoxyliert. In einem zweiten Schritt werden in einer Kondensationsreaktion die freien Alkoholfunktionen des aus dem ersten Reaktionsschrittt erhaltenen alkoxylierten Pflanzenöls mit Monocarbonsäure verestert. Die erfindungsgemäß verwendeten ein oder mehreren alkoxylierten
Pflanzenölderivate sind durch die oben genannten Komponenten a), b) und c) allgemein definiert. Bevorzugte Restedefinitionen der vorstehenden und
nachfolgend genannten alkoxylierten Pflanzenölderivate gelten für die
erfindungsgemäße Verwendung, aber auch für das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren und für die erfindungsgemäßen Mittel, und sind im Folgenden angegeben.
Das eine oder die mehreren alkoxylierten Pflanzenölderivate sind vorzugsweise derart erhältlich oder werden vorzugsweise derart hergestellt, dass das Pflanzenöl a) zunächst mit Alkylenoxid b) umgesetzt wird und erst danach das alkoxylierte Pflanzenöl mit der einen oder den mehreren Monocarbonsäuren c) umgesetzt wird.
Bei dem Pflanzenöl a) handelt es sich besonders bevorzugt um pflanzliche Fette und Öle ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Palmkernol, Sonnenblumenöl, Rapsöl, Rizinusöl, Olivenöl, Sojabohnenöl, Maiskornöl, Cocosöl, Leinöl und Baumwollsaatöl.
Insbesondere bevorzugt handelt es sich bei dem Pflanzenöl a) um Rizinusöl. Bei Alkylenoxid b) handelt es sich um Ethylenoxid, Propylenoxid, Butylenoxid oder um Gemische aus Ethylenoxid und Propylenoxid oder um Gemische aus
Ethylenoxid und Butylenoxid.
Bei Alkylenoxid b) handelt es sich vorzugsweise um Ethylenoxid, Propylenoxid, oder um Gemische aus Ethylenoxid und Propylenoxid.
Besonders bevorzugt handelt es sich bei dem Alkylenoxid b) um Ethylenoxid.
Bei der einen oder den mehreren Monocarbonsäuren c) handelt es sich
vorzugsweise um eine oder mehrere Fettsäuren mit 8 bis 30, vorzugsweise 12 bis 22, Kohlenstoffatomen, besonders bevorzugt um eine oder mehrere Fettsäuren ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Caprylsäure, Caprinsäure,
Laurinsäure, Myristinsäure, Palmitinsäure, Stearinsäure, Arachinsäure,
Behensäure, Palmitoelinsäure, Ölsäure, Linolsäure und Mischungen aus derartigen Fettsäuren wie z. B. Talgfettsäuren oder Cocosfettsäuren.
Insbesondere bevorzugt handelt es sich bei der einen oder den mehreren
Monocarbonsäuren c) um Ölsäure.
Außerordentlich bevorzugt handelt es sich bei dem Pflanzenöl a) um Rizinusöl, bei dem Alkylenoxid b) um Ethylenoxid und bei der einen oder den mehreren
Monocarbonsäuren c) um Ölsäure.
Hierunter wiederum bevorzugt enthält das eine oder enthalten die mehreren alkoxylierten Pflanzenölderivate Struktureinheiten hervorgegangen aus bzw. ist das eine oder sind die mehreren alkoxylierten Pflanzenölderivate erhältlich durch Umsetzung von
30,0 bis 50,0 Gew.-% Rizinusöl, und
25,0 bis 50,0 Gew.-% Ethylenoxid und
5,0 bis 35,0 Gew.-% Ölsäure.
Die Verseifungszahl des einen oder der mehreren alkoxylierten Pflanzenölderivate liegt vorzugsweise zwischen 70 und 150 mg KOH/g und besonders bevorzugt zwischen 100 und 120 mg KOH/g.
Zur Bestimmung der Verseifungszahl wird die in DIN EN ISO 3618 beschriebene Methode verwendet.
Die Säurezahl des einen oder der mehreren alkoxylierten Pflanzenölderivate ist vorzugsweise kleiner als 10 mg KOH/g und besonders bevorzugt kleiner als 7 mg KOH/g.
Zur Bestimmung der Säurezahl wird die in DIN EN ISO 21 14 beschriebene
Methode verwendet.
Insbesondere bevorzugt sind die im Beispielteil aufgeführten alkoxylierten
Pflanzenölderivate.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung besteht das eine oder bestehen die mehreren alkoxylierten Pflanzenölderivate aus Struktureinheiten hervorgegangen aus den Komponenten a), b) und c).
In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung wird das eine oder werden die mehreren Pflanzenölderivate durch Umsetzung der Komponenten a) und b) und c) erhalten.
Das eine oder die mehreren alkoxylierten Pflanzenölderivate können in allen üblichen Formulierungstypen eingesetzt werden, bevorzugt in flüssigen
Formulierungen. Prinzipiell können die Verbindungen aber auch in feste
Formulierungen eingebracht werden.
Eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist die Verwendung des einen oder der mehreren alkoxylierten Pflanzenölderivate zur Verminderung der Drift bei der Applikation von Pflanzenbehandlungsmitteln als Tank- Mix-Additiv, d. h. dass das eine oder die mehreren alkoxylierten Pflanzenölderivate erst direkt vor dem Ausbringen einer aus einer konzentrierten Formulierung hergestellten Spritzbrühe zugesetzt werden.
Eine andere bevorzugte Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist die Verwendung des einen oder der mehreren alkoxylierten Pflanzenölderivate zur Verminderung der Drift bei der Applikation von Pflanzenbehandlungsmitteln als in-can Variante, d. h. dass das eine oder die mehreren alkoxylierten Pflanzenölderivate zusammen mit den Inhaltsstoffen des Pflanzenbehandlungsmittels in eine konzentrierte
Formulierung bereits eingebaut sind und als Spritzbrühe verdünnt mit Wasser ausgebracht werden.
Die erfindungsgemäße Verwendung des einen oder der mehreren alkoxylierten Pflanzenölderivate erfolgt vorzugsweise in anwendungsfertigen
Pflanzenbehandlungsmitteln in Form von Spritzbrühen, wobei die Menge des einen oder der mehreren alkoxylierten Pflanzenölderivate in der Spritzbrühe vorzugsweise von 0,001 bis 5 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt von 0,005 bis
3 Gew.-%, insbesondere bevorzugt von 0,01 bis 1 Gew.-% und außerordentlich bevorzugt von 0,03 bis 0,5 Gew.-% beträgt, jeweils bezogen auf das
Gesamtgewicht der Spritzbrühe. Diese bei der erfindungsgemäßen Verwendung eingesetzten Spritzbrühen enthalten vorzugsweise ein oder mehrere
agrochemische Substanzen. Enthält ein Pflanzenbehandlungsmittel mehrere alkoxylierte Pflanzenölderivate, so ist die Mengenangabe als Gesamtgehalt aller alkoxylierten Pflanzenölderivate zu verstehen.
Die oben aufgeführten allgemeinen oder in Vorzugsbereichen aufgeführten
Restedefinitionen, Wertebereiche bzw. Erläuterungen können auch untereinander, also zwischen den jeweiligen Bereichen und Vorzugsbereichen beliebig kombiniert werden.
Der Wirkmechanismus des einen oder der mehreren alkoxylierten
Pflanzenölderivate zur Verminderung der Drift bei der Applikation von
Pflanzenbehandlungsmitteln ist grundsätzlich unabhängig von der Art der eingesetzten agrochemischen Substanz. Allerdings kann die Auswahl des optimalen Alkoxylierungsgrads des einen oder der mehreren alkoxylierten
Pflanzenölderivate für maximale Driftreduktion bei der Applikation, durch in den Pflanzenbehandlungsmitteln gegebenenfalls enthaltene Trübungspunkt- erniedrigende Substanzen, wie z. B. Wirkstoffsalze oder andere Salze, beeinflusst werden.
Das eine oder die mehreren alkoxylierten Pflanzenölderivate können bei der Herstellung von Pflanzenbehandlungsmitteln verwendet werden. Hierbei resultieren erfindungsgemäß verwendete Zusammensetzungen, die ein oder mehrere alkoxylierte Pflanzenölderivate und ein oder mehrere agrochemische Substanzen enthalten.
Unter "Pestiziden" werden im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung Herbizide, Fungizide, Insektizide, Akarizide, Bakterizide, Molluskide, Nematizide und
Rodentizide verstanden. Eine Übersicht der relevantesten Pestizide findet sich beispielsweise in„The Pesticide Manual" des British Crop Protection Council, 16th Edition 2012, Editor: C. MacBean. Auf die dort aufgeführten Wirkstoffe wird hiermit ausdrücklich Bezug genommen. Sie gelten durch Zitat als Bestandteil dieser Beschreibung. Als Beispiele für Fungizide seien genannt:
(1 ) Inhibitoren der Ergosterol-Biosynthese, wie beispielsweise Aldimorph, Azaconazol, Bitertanol, Bromuconazol, Cyproconazol, Diclobutrazol,
Difenoconazol, Diniconazol, Diniconazol-M, Dodemorph, Dodemorph Acetat, Epoxiconazol, Etaconazol, Fenarimol, Fenbuconazol, Fenhexamid, Fenpropidin, Fenpropimorph, Fluquinconazol, Flurprimidol, Flusilazol, Flutriafol, Furconazol, Furconazol-Cis, Hexaconazol, Imazalil, Imazalil Sulfat, Imibenconazol, Ipconazol, Metconazol, Myclobutanil, Naftifin, Nuarimol, Oxpoconazol, Paclobutrazol, Pefurazoat, Penconazol, Piperalin, Prochloraz, Propiconazol, Prath ioconazol, Pyributicarb, Pyrifenox, Quinconazol, Simeconazol, Spiroxamin, Tebuconazol, Terbinafin, Tetraconazol, Triadimefon, Triadimenol, Tridemorph, Triflumizol, Triforin, Triticonazol, Uniconazol, Uniconazol-p, Viniconazol, Voriconazol,
1 -(4-Chlorphenyl)-2-(1 H-1 ,2,4-triazol-1 -yl)cycloheptanol, Methyl-1 -(2,2-dimethyl- 2,3-dihydro-1 H-inden-1 -yl)-1 H-imidazol-5-carboxylat, N'-{5-(Difluormethyl)-2-
methyl-4-[3-(trimethylsilyl)propoxy]phenyl}-N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformami^
N-Ethyl-N-methyl-N'-{2-methyl-5-(trifluormethyl)-4-[3-(trimethyl- silyl)propoxy]phenyl}imidofornnannid und O-[1 -(4-Methoxyphenoxy)-3,3- dimethylbutan-2-yl]-1 H-imidazol-1 -carbothioat.
(2) Inhibitoren der Respiration (Atmungsketten-Inhibitoren), wie beispielsweise Bixafen, Boscalid, Carboxin, Diflumetorim, Fenfuram, Fluopyram, Flutolanil, Fluxapyroxad, Furametpyr, Furnnecyclox, Isopyrazam Mischung des syn-epimeren Razemates 1 RS,4SR,9RS und des anti-empimeren Razemates 1 RS,4SR,9SR, Isopyrazam (anti-epimeres Razemat ), Isopyrazam (anti-epimeres Enantiomer 1 R,4S,9S), Isopyrazam (anti-epimeres Enantiomer 1 S,4R,9R), Isopyrazam
(syn-epimeres Razemat 1 RS,4SR,9RS), Isopyrazam (syn-epimeres Enantiomer 1 R,4S,9R), Isopyrazam (syn-epimeres Enantiomer 1 S,4R,9S), Mepronil,
Oxycarboxin, Penflufen, Penthiopyrad, Sedaxane, Thifluzamid, 1 -Methyl-N-[2- (1 ,1 ,2,2-tetrafluorethoxy)phenyl]-3-(trifluormethyl)-1 H-pyrazol-4-carboxamid, 3-(Difluormethyl)-1 -methyl-N-[2-(1 ,1 ,2,2-tetrafluorethoxy)phenyl]-1 H-pyrazol-4- carboxamid, 3-(Difluormethyl)-N-[4-fluor-2-(1 ,1 , 2,3,3, 3-hexafluorpropoxy)phenyl]- 1 -methyl-1 H-pyrazol-4-carboxamid, N-[1 -(2,4-Dichlorphenyl)-1 -methoxypropan-2- yl]-3-(difluormethyl)-1 -methyl-1 H-pyrazol-4-carboxamid, 5,8-Difluor-N-[2-(2-fluor-4- {[4-(trifluormethyl)pyridin-2-yl]oxy}phenyl)ethyl]quinazolin-4-amin,
N-[9-(Dichlormethylen)-1 ,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1 ,4-methanonaphthalen-5-yl]-3- (difluormethyl)-l -methyl-1 H-pyrazol-4-carboxamid, N-[(1 S,4R)-9- (Dichlormethylen)-1 ,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1 ,4-methanonaphthalen-5-yl]-3- (difluormethyl)-l -methyl-1 H-pyrazol-4-carboxamid und N-[(1 R,4S)-9- (Dichlormethylen)-1 ,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1 ,4-methanonaphthalen-5-yl]-3- (difluormethyl)-l -methyl-1 H-pyrazol-4-carboxamid.
(3) Inhibitoren der Respiration (Atmungsketten-Inhibitoren) am Komplex III der Atumungskette, wie beispielsweise Ametoctradin, Amisulbrom, Azoxystrobin, Cyazofamid, Coumethoxystrobin, Coumoxystrobin, Dimoxystrobin, Enestroburin, Famoxadon, Fenamidon, Fenoxystrobin, Fluoxastrobin, Kresoxim-Methyl,
Metominostrobin, Orysastrobin, Picoxystrobin, Pyraclostrobin, Pyrametostrobin, Pyraoxystrobin, Pyribencarb, Triclopyricarb, Trifloxystrobin, (2E)-2-(2-{[6-(3-Chlor-
2- methylphenoxy)-5-fluorpyrimidin-4-yl]oxy}phenyl)-2-(methoxyimino)-N- methylethanamid, (2E)-2-(Methoxyimino)-N-methyl-2-(2-{[({(1 E)-1 -[3- (trifluormethyl)phenyl]ethyliden}amino)oxy]methyl}phenyl)ethanamid, (2E)-2- (Methoxyimino)-N-methyl-2-{2-[(E)-({1 -[3- (trifluormethyl)phenyl]ethoxy}imino)methyl]phenyl}ethanamid, (2E)-2-{2-[({[(1 E)-1 - (3-{[(E)-1 -Fluor-2-phenylethenyl]oxy}phenyl)ethyliden]amino}oxy)methyl]phenyl}-2- (methoxyimino)-N-methylethanamid, (2Ε)-2-{2-[({[(2Ε,3Ε)-4-(2,6- Dichlorphenyl)but-3-en-2-yliden]amino}oxy)methyl]phenyl}-2-(methoxyimino)^ methylethanamid, 2-Chlor-N-(1 ,1 ,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1 H-inden-4-yl)pyridin-3- carboxamid, 5-Methoxy-2-methyl-4-(2-{[({(1 E)-1 -[3-
(trifluormethyl)phenyl]ethyliden}amino)oxy]methyl}phenyl)-2,4-dihydro-3H triazol-3-οη, Methyl-(2E)-2-{2-[({cyclopropyl[(4-methoxy- phenyl)imino]methyl}sulfanyl)methyl]phenyl}-3-methoxyprop-2-enoat, N-(3-Ethyl- 3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexyl)-3-(formylamino)-2-hydroxybenzamid, 2-{2-[(2,5- Dimethylphenoxy)methyl]phenyl}-2-methoxy-N-methylacetamid und (2R)-2-{2- [(2,5-Dimethylphenoxy)methyl]phenyl}-2-methoxy-N-methylacetamid.
(4) Inhibitoren der Mitose und Zellteilung, wie beispielsweise Benomyl,
Carbendazim, Chlorfenazol, Diethofencarb, Ethaboxam, Fluopicolid, Fuberidazol, Pencycuron, Thiabendazol, Thiophanat-Methyl, Thiophanat, Zoxamid, 5-Chlor-7- (4-methylpiperidin-1 -yl)-6-(2,4,6-trifluorphenyl)[1 ,2,4]triazolo[1 ,5-a]pyhmidin und
3- Chlor-5-(6-chlorpyridin-3-yl)-6-methyl-4-(2,4,6-trifluorphenyl)pyridazin.
(5) Verbindungen mit Multisite-Aktivität, wie beispielsweise Bordeauxmischung, Captafol, Captan, Chlorothalonil, Kupferzubereitungen wie Kupferhydroxid,
Kupfernaphthenat, Kupferoxid, Kupferoxychlorid, Kupfersulfat, Dichlofluanid, Dithianon, Dodine, Dodine freie Base, Ferbam, Fluorofolpet, Folpet, Guazatin, Guazatinacetat, Iminoctadin, Iminoctadinalbesilat, Iminoctadintriacetat, Mankupfer, Mancozeb, Maneb, Metiram, Zinkmetiram, Kupfer-Oxin, Propamidin, Propineb, Schwefel und Schwefelzubereitungen wie beispielsweise Calciumpolysulfid, Thiram, Tolylfluanid, Zineb und Ziram.
(6) Resistenzinduktoren, wie beispielsweise Acibenzolar-S-Methyl, Isotianil, Probenazol und Tiadinil.
(7) Inhibitoren der Aminosäure- und Protein-Biosynthese, wie beispielsweise Andoprim, Blasticidin-S, Cyprodinil, Kasugamycin, Kasugamycin Hydrochlorid
Hydrat, Mepanipyrim, Pyrimethanil und 3-(5-Fluor-3,3,4,4-tetramethyl-3,4- dihydroisoquinolin-1 -yl)quinolin.
(8) Inhibitoren der ATP Produktion, wie beispielsweise Fentin Acetat, Fentin Chlorid, Fentin Hydroxid und Silthiofam.
(9) Inhibitoren der Zellwandsynthese, wie beispielsweise Benthiavalicarb, Dimethonnorph, Flumorph, Iprovalicarb, Mandipropamid, Polyoxins, Polyoxorim, Validamycin A und Valifenalat.
(10) Inhibitoren der Lipid- und Membran-Synthese, wie beispielsweise Biphenyl, Chloroneb, Dicloran, Edifenphos, Etridiazol, lodocarb, Iprobenfos, Isoprothiolan, Propamocarb, Propamocarb Hydrochlorid, Prothiocarb, Pyrazophos, Quintozen, Tecnazene und Tolclofos-Methyl.
(1 1 ) Inhibitoren der Melanin-Biosynthese, wie beispielsweise Carpropamid, Diclocymet, Fenoxanil, Fthalid, Pyroquilon, Tricyclazol und 2,2,2-Trifluorethyl {3-methyl-1 -[(4-methylbenzoyl)amino]butan-2-yl}carbamat. (12) Inhibitoren der Nukleinsäuresynthese, wie beispielsweise Benalaxyl,
Benalaxyl-M (Kiralaxyl), Bupirimat, Clozylacon, Dimethirimol, Ethirimol, Furalaxyl, Hymexazol, Metalaxyl, Metalaxyl-M (Mefenoxam), Ofurace, Oxadixyl und
Oxolinsäure. (13) Inhibitoren der Signaltransduktion, wie beispielsweise Chlozolinat,
Fenpiclonil, Fludioxonil, Iprodion, Procymidon, Quinoxyfen und Vinclozolin.
(14) Entkoppler, wie beispielsweise Binapacryl, Dinocap, Ferimzon, Fluazinam und Meptyldinocap.
(15) Weitere Verbindungen, wie beispielsweise Benthiazol, Bethoxazin,
Capsimycin, Carvon, Chinomethionat, Pyriofenon (Chlazafenon), Cufraneb, Cyflufenamid, Cymoxanil, Cyprosulfamide, Dazomet, Debacarb, Dichlorophen, Diclomezin, Difenzoquat, Difenzoquat Methylsulphat, Diphenylamin, Ecomat, Fenpyrazamin, Flumetover, Fluoromid, Flusulfamid, Flutianil, Fosetyl-Aluminium, Fosetyl-Calcium, Fosetyl-Nathum, Hexachlorbenzol, Irumamycin, Methasulfocarb, Methylisothiocyanat, Metrafenon, Mildiomycin, Natamycin, Nickel
Dimethyldithiocarbannat, Nitrothal-Isopropyl, Octhilinone, Oxamocarb, Oxyfenthiin, Pentachlorphenol und dessen Salze, Phenothrin, Phosphorsäure und deren Salze, Propamocarb-Fosetylat, Propanosin-Natrium, Proquinazid, Pyrimorph, (2E)-3-(4- Tert-butylphenyl)-3-(2-chlorpyridin-4-yl)-1 -(morpholin-4-yl)prop-2-en-1 -on, (2Z)-3- (4-Tert-butylphenyl)-3-(2-chlorpyridin-4-yl)-1 -(morpholin-4-yl)prop-2-en-1 -on,
Pyrrolnitrin, Tebufloquin, Tecloftalam, Tolnifanid, Triazoxid, Trichlamid, Zarilamid, (3S,6S,7R,8R)-8-Benzyl-3-[({3-[(isobutyryloxy)methoxy]-4-methoxypyridin-2- yl}carbonyl)amino]-6-methyl-4,9-dioxo-1 ,5-dioxonan-7-yl 2-methylpropanoat, 1 -(4-{4-[(5R)-5-(2,6-Difluorphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1 ,2-oxazol-3-yl]-1 ,3-thiazol-2- yl}piperidin-1 -yl)-2-[5-methyl-3-(trifluormethyl)-1 H-pyrazol-1 -yl]ethanon, 1 -(4-{4- [(5S)-5-(2,6-Difluorphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1 ,2-oxazol-3-yl]-1 ,3-thiazol-2-yl}piperidin-1 - yl)-2-[5-methyl-3-(trifluormethyl)-1 H-pyrazol-1 -yl]ethanon, 1 -(4-{4-[5-(2,6- Difluorphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1 ,2-oxazol-3-yl]-1 ,3-thiazol-2-yl}piperidin-1 -yl)-2-[5- methyl-3-(trifluormethyl)-1 H-pyrazol-1 -yl]ethanon, 1 -(4-Methoxyphenoxy)-3,3- dimethylbutan-2-yl-1 H-imidazol-1 -carboxylat, 2,3,5,6-Tetrachlor-4-
(methylsulfonyl)pyridin, 2,3-Dibutyl-6-chlorthieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-on,
2,6-Dimethyl-1 H,5H-[1 ,4]dithiino[2,3-c:5,6-c']dipyrrol-1 ,3,5,7(2H,6H)-tetron, 2-[5-Methyl-3-(trifluormethyl)-1 H-pyrazol-1 -yl]-1 -(4-{4-[(5R)-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro- 1 ,2-oxazol-3-yl]-1 ,3-thiazol-2-yl}piperidin-1 -yl)ethanon, 2-[5-Methyl-3- (trifluormethyl)-l H-pyrazol-1 -yl]-1 -(4-{4-[(5S)-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1 ,2-oxazol-3- yl]-1 ,3-thiazol-2-yl}piperidin-1 -yl)ethanon, 2-[5-Methyl-3-(trifluormethyl)-1 H-pyrazol- 1 -yl]-1 -{4-[4-(5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1 ,2-oxazol-3-yl)-1 ,3-thiazol-2-yl]piperidin-1 - yljethanon, 2-Butoxy-6-iod-3-propyl-4H-chromen-4-on, 2-Chlor-5-[2-chlor-1 -(2,6-
difluor-4-methoxyphenyl)-4-nnethyl-1 H-imidazol-5-yl]pyridin, 2-Phenylphenol und dessen Salze, 3-(4,4,5-Trifluor-3,3-dinnethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-1 -yl)quinolin, 3,4,5-Thchlorpyhdin-2,6-dicarbonithl, 3-[5-(4-Chlorphenyl)-2,3-dimethyl-1 ,2- oxazolidin-3-yl]pyhdin, 3-Chlor-5-(4-chlorphenyl)-4-(2,6-difluorphenyl)-6- methylpyridazin, 4-(4-Chlorphenyl)-5-(2,6-difluorphenyl)-3,6-dinnethylpyndazin, 5-Amino-1 ,3,4-thiadiazol-2-thiol, 5-Chlor-N'-phenyl-N'-(prop-2-in-1 -yl)thiophen-2- sulfonohydrazid, 5-Fluor-2-[(4-fluorbenzyl)oxy]pyhnnidin-4-annin, 5-Fluor-2-[(4- methylbenzyl)oxy]pyrinnidin-4-annin, 5-Methyl-6-octyl[1 ,2,4]triazolo[1 ,5-a]pyrimidin- 7-amin, Ethyl-(2Z)-3-amino-2-cyan-3-phenylprop-2-enoat, N'-(4-{[3-(4- Chlorbenzyl)-1 ,2,4-thiadiazol-5-yl]oxy}-2,5-dimethylphenyl)-N-ethyl-N- methylinnidofornnannid, N-(4-Chlorbenzyl)-3-[3-methoxy-4-(prop-2-in-1 - yloxy)phenyl]propanamid, N-[(4-Chlorphenyl)(cyan)methyl]-3-[3-methoxy-4-(prop- 2-in-1 -yloxy)phenyl]propanamid, N-[(5-Brom-3-chlorpyridin-2-yl)methyl]-2,4- dichlorpyhdin-3-carboxamid, N-[1 -(5-Brom-3-chlorpyridin-2-yl)ethyl]-2,4- dichlorpyhdin-3-carboxamid, N-[1 -(5-Brom-3-chlorpyridin-2-yl)ethyl]-2-fluor-4- iodpyridin-3-carboxannid, N-{(E)-[(Cyclopropylmethoxy)innino][6-(difluornnethoxy)- 2,3-difluorphenyl]methyl}-2-phenylacetannid, N-{(Z)-[(Cyclopropylmethoxy)imino][6- (difluormethoxy)-2,3-difluorphenyl]methyl}-2-phenylacetamid, N'-{4-[(3-Tert-butyl- 4-cyano-1 ,2-thiazol-5-yl)oxy]-2-chlor-5-methylphenyl}-N-ethyl-N- methylimidofornnannid, N-Methyl-2-(1 -{[5-methyl-3-(thfluornnethyl)-1 H-pyrazol-1 - yl]acetyl}piperidin-4-yl)-N-(1 ,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-1 -yl)-1 ,3-thiazol-4- carboxamid, N-Methyl-2-(1 -{[5-methyl-3-(trifluornnethyl)-1 H-pyrazol-1 - yl]acetyl}piperidin-4-yl)-N-[(1 R)-1 ,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-1 -yl]-1 ,3-thiazol-4- carboxamid, N-Methyl-2-(1 -{[5-methyl-3-(trifluormethyl)-1 H-pyrazol-1 - yl]acetyl}piperidin-4-yl)-N-[(1 S)-1 ,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-1 -yl]-1 ,3-thiazol-4- carboxamid, Pentyl-{6-[({[(1 -methyl-1 H-tetrazol-5-yl)(phenyl)methyli- den]annino}oxy)nnethyl]pyridin-2-yl}carbannat, Phenazin-1 -carbonsäure, Chinolin-8- ol, Chinolin-8-olsulfat(2:1 ) und Tert-butyl {6-[({[(1 -methyl-1 H-tetrazol-5- yl)(phenyl)methylen]amino}oxy)methyl]pyridin-2-yl}carbamat.
(16) Weitere Verbindungen, wie beispielsweise 1 -Methyl-3-(trifluormethyl)-N-[2'- (trifluormethyl)biphenyl-2-yl]-1 H-pyrazol-4-carboxamid, N-(4'-Chlorbiphenyl-2-yl)-3- (difluormethyl)-l -methyl-1 H-pyrazol-4-carboxamid, N-(2',4'-Dichlorbiphenyl-2-yl)-3-
(difluormethyl)-l -methyl-1 H-pyrazol-4-carboxamid, 3-(Difluormethyl)-1 -methyl-N- [4'-(trifluormethyl)biphenyl-2-yl]-1 H-pyrazol-4-carboxamid, N-(2',5'-Difluorbiphenyl-
2- yl)-1 -methyl-3-(trifluornnethyl)-1 H-pyrazol-4-carboxamid, 3-(Difluormethyl)-1 - methyl-N-[4'-(prop-1 -in-1 -yl)biphenyl-2-yl]-1 H-pyrazol-4-carboxamid, 5-Fluor-1 ,3- dimethyl-N-[4'-(prop-1 -in-1 -yl)biphenyl-2-yl]-1 H-pyrazol-4-carboxamid, 2-Chlor-N- [4'-(prop-1 -in-1 -yl)biphenyl-2-yl]pyridin-3-carboxamid, 3-(Difluormethyl)-N-[4'-(3,3- dimethylbut-1 -in-1 -yl)biphenyl-2-yl]-1 -methyl-1 H-pyrazol-4-carboxamid, N-[4'-(3,3- Dimethylbut-1 -in-1 -yl)biphenyl-2-yl]-5-fluor-1 ,3-dimethyl-1 H-pyrazol-4-carboxamid,
3- (Difluormethyl)-N-(4'-ethinylbiphenyl-2-yl)-1 -methyl-1 H-pyrazol-4-carboxamid, N- (4'-Ethinylbiphenyl-2-yl)-5-fluor-1 ,3-dimethyl-1 H-pyrazol-4-carboxamid, 2-Chlor-N-
(4'-ethinylbiphenyl-2-yl)pyridin-3-carboxamid, 2-Chlor-N-[4'-(3,3-dimethylbut-1 -in-
1 - yl)biphenyl-2-yl]pyhdin-3-carboxamid, 4-(Difluormethyl)-2-methyl-N-[4'- (trifluormethyl)biphenyl-2-yl]-1 ,3-thiazol-5-carboxamid, 5-Fluor-N-[4'-(3-hydroxy-3- methylbut-1 -in-1 -yl)biphenyl-2-yl]-1 ,3-dimethyl-1 H-pyrazol-4-carboxamid, 2-Chlor- N-[4'-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbut-1 -in-1 -yl)biphenyl-2-yl]pyridin-3-carboxamid,
3-(Difluormethyl)-N-[4'-(3-methoxy-3-methylbut-1 -in-1 -yl)biphenyl-2-yl]-1 -methyl- 1 H-pyrazol-4-carboxamid, 5-Fluor-N-[4'-(3-methoxy-3-methylbut-1 -in-1 -yl)biphenyl-
2- yl]-1 ,3-dimethyl-1 H-pyrazol-4-carboxamid, 2-Chlor-N-[4'-(3-methoxy-3- methylbut-1 -in-1 -yl)biphenyl-2-yl]pyridin-3-carboxamid, (5-Brom-2-methoxy-4- methylpyhdin-3-yl)(2,3,4-trimethoxy-6-methylphenyl)methanon, N-[2-(4-{[3-(4- Chlorphenyl)prop-2-in-1 -yl]oxy}-3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-N2-(methylsulfonyl)valin- amid, 4-Oxo-4-[(2-phenylethyl)amino]butansäure und But-3-yn-1 -yl {6-[({[(Z)-(1 - methyl-1 H-tetrazol-5-yl)(phenyl)methylen]amino}oxy)methyl]pyridin-2-yl}carbamat. Als Beispiele für Bakterizide seien genannt:
Bronopol, Dichlorophen, Nitrapyrin, Nickel-Dimethyldithiocarbamat, Kasugamycin, Octhilinon, Furancarbonsäure, Oxytetracyclin, Probenazol, Streptomycin,
Tecloftalam, Kupfersulfat und andere Kupfer-Zubereitungen. Als Beispiele für Insektizide, Akarizide und Nematizide seien genannt:
(1 ) Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) Inhibitoren, wie Carbamate, z. B. Alanycarb, Aldicarb, Bendiocarb, Benfuracarb, Butocarboxim, Butoxycarboxim, Carbaryl, Carbofuran, Carbosulfan, Ethiofencarb, Fenobucarb, Formetanate, Furathiocarb,
Isoprocarb, Methiocarb, Methomyl, Metolcarb, Oxamyl, Pirimicarb, Propoxur, Thiodicarb, Thiofanox, Triazamate, Trimethacarb, XMC und Xylylcarb; oder Organophosphate, z. B. Acephate, Azamethiphos, Azinphos-ethyl, Azinphos- methyl, Cadusafos, Chlorethoxyfos, Chlorfenvinphos, Chlornnephos, Chlorpyrifos, Chlorpyrifos-methyl, Coumaphos, Cyanophos, Demeton-S-methyl, Diazinon, Dichlorvos/DDVP, Dicrotophos, Dimethoate, Dimethylvinphos, Disulfoton, EPN, Ethion, Ethoprophos, Famphur, Fenamiphos, Fenitrothion, Fenthion, Fosthiazate, Heptenophos, Imicyafos, Isofenphos, Isopropyl O-(methoxyaminothio-phosphoryl) salicylat, Isoxathion, Malathion, Mecarbam, Methamidophos, Methidathion, Mevinphos, Monocrotophos, Naled, Omethoate, Oxydemeton-methyl, Parathion, Parathion-methyl, Phenthoate, Phorate, Phosalone, Phosmet, Phosphamidon, Phoxim, Pirimiphos-methyl, Profenofos, Propetamphos, Prothiofos, Pyraclofos, Pyridaphenthion, Quinalphos, Sulfotep, Tebupirimfos, Temephos, Terbufos, Tetrachlorvinphos, Thiometon, Triazophos, Triclorfon und Vamidothion.
(2) GABA-gesteuerte Chlorid-Kanal-Antagonisten, wie beispielsweise
Cyclodien-organochlorine, z. B. Chlordane und Endosulfan; oder Phenylpyrazole (Fiprole), z. B. Ethiprole und Fipronil. (3) Natrium-Kanal-Modulatoren / Spannungsabhängige Natrium-Kanal-Blocker, wie beispielsweise Pyrethroide, z. B. Acrinathrin, Allethrin, d-cis-trans Allethrin, d-trans Allethrin, Bifenthrin, Bioallethrin, Bioallethrin S-cyclopentenyl Isomer, Bioresmethrin, Cycloprothrin, Cyfluthrin, beta-Cyfluthrin, Cyhalothrin, lambda- Cyhalothrin, gamma-Cyhalothrin, Cypermethrin, alpha-Cypermethrin,
beta-Cypermethrin, theta-Cypermethrin, zeta-Cypermethrin, Cyphenothrin [(1 R)- trans-lsomere], Deltamethrin, Empenthrin [(EZ)-(1 R)-lsomere), Esfenvalerate, Etofenprox, Fenpropathrin, Fenvalerate, Flucythrinate, Flumethrin, tau-Fluvalinate, Halfenprox, Imiprothrin, Kadethrin, Permethrin, Phenothrin [(1 R)-trans-lsomer), Prallethrin, Pyrethrine (pyrethrum), Resmethrin, Silafluofen, Tefluthrin,
Tetramethrin, Tetramethrin [(1 R)- Isomere)], Tralomethrin und Transfluthrin; oder DDT; oder Methoxychlor.
(4) Nikotinerge Acetylcholin-Rezeptor (nAChR) Agonisten, wie beispielsweise Neonikotinoide, z. B. Acetamiprid, Clothianidin, Dinotefuran, Imidacloprid,
Nitenpyram, Thiacloprid und Thiamethoxam; oder Nikotin. (5) Nikotinerge Acetylcholin-Rezeptor (nAChR) allosterische Aktivatoren, wie beispielsweise Spinosine, z. B. Spinetoram und Spinosad.
(6) Chlorid-Kanal-Aktivatoren, wie beispielsweise Avermectine/Milbemycine, z. B. Abamectin, Emamectin-benzoat, Lepimectin und Milbemectin.
(7) Juvenilhormon-Imitatoren, wie beispielsweise Juvenilhormon-Analoge, z. B. Hydroprene, Kinoprene und Methoprene; oder Fenoxycarb; oder Pyriproxyfen.
(8) Wirkstoffe mit unbekannten oder nicht spezifischen Wirkmechanismen, wie beispielsweise Alkylhalide, z. B. Methyl bromid und andere Alkylhalide; oder
Chloropicrin; oder Sulfurylfluorid; oder Borax; oder Brechweinstein.
(9) Selektive Fraßhemmer, z. B. Pymetrozine; oder Flonicamid. (10) Milbenwachstumsinhibitoren, z. B. Clofentezine, Hexythiazox und
Diflovidazin; oder Etoxazole.
(1 1 ) Mikrowelle Disruptoren der Insektendarmmennbran, z. B. Bacillus
thunngiensis Subspezies israelensis, Bacillus sphaericus, Bacillus thuringiensis Subspezies aizawai, Bacillus thuringiensis Subspezies kurstaki, Bacillus
thuringiensis Subspezies tenebrionis und BT Pflanzenproteine: CrylAb, CrylAc, Cry1 Fa, Cry2Ab, mCry3A, Cry3Ab, Cry3Bb, Cry34/35Ab1 .
(12) Inhibitoren der oxidativen Phosphorylierung, ATP-Disruptoren, wie beispielsweise Diafenthiuron; oder Organozinnverbindungen, z. B. Azocyclotin, Cyhexatin und Fenbutatin-oxid; oder Propargite; oder Tetrad ifon.
(13) Entkoppler der oxidativen Phoshorylierung durch Unterbrechung des H-Protongradienten, wie beispielsweise Chlorfenapyr, DNOC und Sulfluramid.
(14) Nikotinerge Acetylcholin-Rezeptor-Antagonisten, wie beispielsweise Bensultap, Cartap-hydrochlorid, Thiocyclam und Thiosultap-Natrium.
(15) Inhibitoren der Chitinbiosynthese, Typ 0, wie beispielsweise Bistrifluron, Chlorfluazuron, Diflubenzuron, Flucydoxuron, Flufenoxuron, Hexaflunnuron, Lufenuron, Novaluron, Noviflumuron, Teflubenzuron und Triflumuron.
(16) Inhibitoren der Chitinbiosynthese, Typ 1 , wie beispielsweise Buprofezin.
(17) Häutungsstörende Wirkstoffe, Dipteran, wie beispielsweise Cyromazine. (18) Ecdyson-Rezeptor Agonisten, wie beispielsweise Chromafenozide, Halofenozide, Methoxyfenozide und Tebufenozide.
(19) Oktopaminerge Agonisten, wie beispielsweise Amitraz. (20) Komplex-Ill-Elektronentransportinhibitoren, wie beispielsweise
Hydramethylnon; oder Acequinocyl; oder Fluacrypyrim.
(21 ) Komplex-I-Elektronentransportinhibitoren, beispielsweise METI-Akarizide, z. B. Fenazaquin, Fenpyroximate, Pyrimidifen, Pyridaben, Tebufenpyrad und Tolfenpyrad; oder Rotenone (Derris).
(22) Spannungsabhängige Natriumkanal-Blocker, z. B. Indoxacarb; oder Metaflumizone. (23) Inhibitoren der Acetyl-CoA-Carboxylase, wie beispielsweise Tetron- und Tetramsäurederivate, z. B. Spirodiclofen, Spiromesifen und Spirotetramat.
(24) Komplex-IV-Elektronentransportinhibitoren, wie beispielsweise Phosphine, z. B. Aluminiumphosphid, Calciumphosphid, Phosphin und Zinkphosphid; oder Cyanid. (25) Komplex-Il-Elektronentransportinhibitoren, wie beispielsweise
Cyenopyrafen.
(28) Ryanodinrezeptor-Effektoren, wie beispielsweise Diamide, z. B.
Chlorantraniliprole und Flubendiamide.
Weitere Wirkstoffe mit unbekanntem Wirkmechanismus, wie beispielsweise Amidoflumet, Azadirachtin, Benclothiaz, Benzoximate, Bifenazate,
Bromopropylate, Chinomethionat, Cryolite, Cyantraniliprole (Cyazypyr),
Cyflumetofen, Dicofol, Diflovidazin, Fluensulfone, Flufenerim, Flufiprole,
Fluopyram, Fufenozide, Imidaclothiz, Iprodione, Pyridalyl, Pyrifluquinazon und lodmethan; sowie des weiteren Präparate auf Basis von Bacillus firmus (1-1582, BioNeem, Votivo).
Als Beispiele für Herbizide seien genannt:
Acetochlor, Acibenzolar, Acibenzolar-S-methyl, Acifluorfen, Acifluorfen-sodium, Aclonifen, Alachlor, Allidochlor, Alloxydim, Alloxydim-sodium, Ametryn,
Amicarbazone, Amidochlor, Amidosulfuron, Aminocyclopyrachlor,
Aminocyclopyrachlor-kalium, Aminocyclopyrachlor-methyl, Aminopyralid, Amitrole, Ammoniumsulfamat, Ancymidol, Anilofos, Asulam, Atrazine, Aviglycin, Azafenidin, Azimsulfuron, Aziprotryn, Beflubutamid, Benazolin, Benazolin-ethyl,
Bencarbazone, Benfluralin, Benfuresate, Bensulide, Bensulfuron, Bensulfuron- methyl, Bentazone, Benzfendizone, Benzobicyclon, Benzofenap, Benzofluor, Benzoylprop, Benzyladenin, Bicyclopyrone, Bifenox, Bilanafos, Bilanafos-natrium, Bispyribac, Bispyribac-natrium, Bromacil, Bromobutide, Bromofenoxim,
Bromoxynil, Bromuron, Buminafos, Busoxinone, Butachlor, Butafenacil, Butamifos, Butenachlor, Butralin, Butroxydim, Butylate, Cafenstrole, Carbaryl, Carbetamide, Carfentrazone, Carfentrazone-ethyl, Carvone, Chlorcholinchlorid, Chlomethoxyfen, Chloramben, Chlorazifop, Chlorazifop-butyl, Chlorbromuron, Chlorbufam,
Chlorfenac, Chlorfenac-natrium, Chlorfenprop, Chlorflurenol, Chlorflurenol-nnethyl, Chloridazon, Chlorimuron, Chlorimuron-ethyl, Chlormequat-chlorid, Chlornitrofen, 4-Chlorophenoxyacetic acid, Chlorophthalim, Chlorpropham, Chlorthal-dimethyl, Chlorotoluron, Chlorsulfuron, Cinidon, Cinidon-ethyl, Cinmethylin, Cinosulfuron, Clethodim, Clodinafop, Clodinafop-propargyl, Clofencet, Clomazone, Clomeprop, Cloprop, Clopyralid, Cloransulam, Cloransulam-methyl, Cloxyfonac, Cumyluron, Cyanamide, Cyanazine, Cyclanilide, Cycloate, Cyclosulfamuron, Cycloxydim, Cycluron, Cyhalofop, Cyhalofop-butyl, Cyperquat, Cyprazine, Cyprazole,
Cytokinine, 2,4-D, 2,4-DB, Daimuron/Dymron, Dalapon, Daminozide, Dazomet, n-Decanol, Desmedipham, Desmetryn, Detosyl-Pyrazolate (DTP), Diallate,
Diaminozid, Dicamba, Dichlobenil, Dichlorprop, Dichlorprop-P, Diclofop, Diclofop- methyl, Diclofop-P-methyl, Diclosulam, Diethatyl, Diethatyl-ethyl, Difenoxuron, Difenzoquat, Diflufenican, Diflufenzopyr, Diflufenzopyr-natrium, Dikegulac-sodiunn, Dimefuron, Dimepiperate, Dimethachlor, Dimethametryn, Dimethenamid,
Dimethenamid-P, Dimethipin, Dimetrasulfuron, Dinitramine, Dinoseb, Dinoterb, Diphenamid, Diisopropylnaphthalene, Dipropetryn, Diquat, Diquat-dibromide, Dithiopyr, Diuron, DNOC, Eglinazine-ethyl, Endothal, EPTC, Esprocarb,
Ethalfluralin, Ethametsulfuron, Ethametsulfuron-methyl, Ethylnaphthylacetat, Ethephon, Ethidimuron, Ethiozin, Ethofumesate, Ethoxyfen, Ethoxyfen-ethyl, Ethoxysulfuron, Etobenzanid, F-5331 , d.h. N-[2-Chlor-4-fluor-5-[4-(3-fluorpropyl)- 4,5-dihydro-5-oxo-1 H-tetrazol-1 -yl]-phenyl]-ethansulfonamid, F-7967, d. h.
3-[7-Chlor-5-fluor-2-(trifluormethyl)-1 H-benzimidazol-4-yl]-1 -methyl-6- (trifluormethyl) pyhmidin-2,4(1 H,3H)-dion, Fenoprop, Fenoxaprop, Fenoxaprop-P, Fenoxaprop-ethyl, Fenoxaprop-P-ethyl, Fenoxasulfone, Fentrazamide, Fenuron, Flamprop, Flamprop-M-isopropyl, Flamprop-M-methyl, Flazasulfuron, Florasulam, Fluazifop, Fluazifop-P, Fluazifop-butyl, Fluazifop-P-butyl, Fluazolate,
Flucarbazone, Flucarbazone-sodium, Flucetosulfuron, Fluchloralin, Flufenacet (Thiafluamide), Flufenpyr, Flufenpyr-ethyl, Flumetralin, Flumetsulam, Flumiclorac, Flumiclorac-pentyl, Flumioxazin, Flumipropyn, Fluometuron, Fluorodifen,
Fluoroglycofen, Fluoroglycofen-ethyl, Flupoxam, Flupropacil, Flupropanate,
Flupyrsulfuron, Flupyrsulfuron-methyl-sodium, Flurenol, Flurenol-butyl, Fluridone, Flurochloridone, Fluroxypyr, Fluroxypyr-meptyl, Flurprimidol, Flurtamone,
Fluthiacet, Fluthiacet-methyl, Fluthiamide, Fomesafen, Foramsulfuron,
Förch lorfenuron, Fosamine, Furyloxyfen, Gibberellinsäure, Glufosinate,
Glufosinate-annnnoniunn, Glufosinate-P, Glufosinate-P-ammonium, Glufosinate-P- natrium, Glyphosate, Glyphosate-isopropylammonium, H-9201 , d. h. O-(2,4- Dimethyl-6-nitrophenyl)-O-ethyl-isopropylphosphor amidothioat, Halosafen, Halosulfuron, Halosulfuron-methyl, Haloxyfop, Haloxyfop-P, Haloxyfop- ethoxyethyl, Haloxyfop-P-ethoxyethyl, Haloxyfop-methyl, Haloxyfop-P-methyl, Hexazinone, HW-02, d. h. 1 -(Dimethoxyphosphoryl)-ethyl-(2,4- dichlorphenoxy)acetat, Imazamethabenz, Imazamethabenz-methyl, Imazamox, Imazamox-ammonium, Imazapic, Imazapyr, Imazapyr-isopropylammonium, Imazaquin, Imazaquin-amnnoniunn, Imazethapyr, Imazethapyr-ammonium,
Imazosulfuron, Inabenfide, Indanofan, Indaziflam, Indolessigsäure (IAA), 4-lndol-3- ylbuttersäure (IBA), lodosulfuron, lodosulfuron-methyl-natrium, lofensulfuron, lofensulfuron-natrium, loxynil, Ipfencarbazone, Isocarbamid, Isopropalin,
Isoproturon, Isouron, Isoxaben, Isoxachlortole, Isoxaflutole, Isoxapyrifop,
KUH-043, d. h. 3-({[5-(Difluormethyl)-1 -methyl-3-(trifluormethyl)-1 H-pyrazol-4- yl]methyl}sulfonyl)-5,5-dimethyl-4,5-dihydro-1 ,2-oxazol, Karbutilate, Ketospiradox, Lactofen, Lenacil, Linuron, Maleinsäurehydrazid, MCPA, MCPB, MCPB-methyl, -ethyl und -natrium, Mecoprop, Mecoprop-natrium, Mecoprop-butotyl, Mecoprop- P-butotyl, Mecoprop-P-dimethylammonium, Mecoprop-P-2-ethylhexyl, Mecoprop- P-kalium, Mefenacet, Mefluidide, Mepiquat-chlorid, Mesosulfuron, Mesosulfuron- methyl, Mesotrione, Methabenzthiazuron, Metam, Metamifop, Metamitron,
Metazachlor, Metazasulfuron, Methazole, Methiopyrsulfuron, Methiozolin,
Methoxyphenone, Methyldymron, 1 -Methylcyclopropen, Methyl isothiocyanat, Metobenzuron, Metobromuron, Metolachlor, S-Metolachlor, Metosulam,
Metoxuron, Metribuzin, Metsulfuron, Metsulfuron-methyl, Molinate, Monalide, Monocarbamide, Monocarbamide-dihydrogensulfat, Monolinuron, Monosulfuron, Monosulfuron-ester, Monuron, MT-128, d. h. 6-Chlor-N-[(2E)-3-chlorprop-2-en-1 - yl]-5-methyl-N-phenylpyridazin-3-amin, MT-5950, d. h. N-[3-Chlor-4-(1 - methylethyl)-phenyl]-2-methylpentanannid, NGGC-01 1 , 1 -Naphtylacetic Acid (NAA), Naphthylacetamid (NAAm), 2-Naphtoxyacetic Acid, Naproanilide,
Napropamide, Naptalam, NC-310, d. h. 4-(2,4-Dichlorobenzoyl)-1 -methyl-5- benzyloxypyrazole, Neburon, Nicosulfuron, Nipyraclofen, Nitralin, Nitrofen,
Nitroguaiacolate, Nitrophenolat-natrium (Isomerengemisch), Nitrofluorfen,
Nonansäure, Norflurazon, Orbencarb, Orthosulfamuron, Oryzalin, Oxadiargyl, Oxadiazon, Oxasulfuron, Oxaziclomefone, Oxyfluorfen, Paclobutrazol, Paraquat, Paraquat-dichlorid, Pelargonsäure (Nonansäure), Pendimethalin, Pendralin, Penoxsulam, Pentanochlor, Pentoxazone, Perfluidone, Pethoxamid,
Phenisopham, Phenmedipham, Phenmedipham-ethyl, Picloram, Picolinafen, Pinoxaden, Piperophos, Pirifenop, Pirifenop-butyl, Pretilachlor, Phmisulfuron, Phmisulfuron-methyl, Probenazole, Profluazol, Procyazine, Prodiamine,
Pnfluraline, Profoxydim, Prohexadione, Prohexadione-calcium, Prohydrojasmone, Prometon, Prometryn, Propachlor, Propanil, Propaquizafop, Propazine, Propham, Propisochlor, Propoxycarbazone, Propoxycarbazone-natrium, Propyrisulfuron, Propyzamide, Prosulfalin, Prosulfocarb, Prosulfuron, Prynachlor, Pyraclonil, Pyraflufen, Pyraflufen-ethyl, Pyrasulfotole, Pyrazolynate (Pyrazolate),
Pyrazosulfuron, Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, Pyrazoxyfen, Pyribambenz, Pyribambenz- isopropyl, Pyribambenz-propyl, Pyribenzoxim, Pyributicarb, Pyridafol, Pyridate, Pyriftalid, Pyriminobac, Pyriminobac-methyl, Pyrimisulfan, Pyrithiobac, Pyrithiobac- natrium, Pyroxasulfone, Pyroxsulam, Quinclorac, Quinmerac, Quinoclamine, Quizalofop, Quizalofop-ethyl, Quizalofop-P, Quizalofop-P-ethyl, Quizalofop-P- tefuryl, Rimsulfuron, Saflufenacil, Secbumeton, Sethoxydim, Siduron, Simazine, Simetryn, SN-106279, d. h. Methyl-(2R)-2-({7-[2-chlor-4-(trifluormethyl)phenoxy]-2- naphthyl}oxy)propanoat, Sulcotrione, Sulfallate (CDEC), Sulfentrazone,
Sulfometuron, Sulfometuron-methyl, Sulfosate (Glyphosate-trimesium),
Sulfosulfuron, SW-065, SYN-523, SYP-249, d. h. 1 -Ethoxy-3-methyl-1 -oxobut-3- en-2-yl-5-[2-chlor-4-(trifluormethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitrobenzoat, SYP-300, d. h.
1 -[7-Fluor-3-oxo-4-(prop-2-in-1 -yl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-1 ,4-benzoxazin-6-yl]-3-propyl-2- thioxoimidazolidin-4,5-dion, Tebutam, Tebuthiuron, Tecnazene, Tefuryltrione, Tembotrione, Tepraloxydim, Terbacil, Terbucarb, Terbuchlor, Terbumeton, Terbuthylazine, Terbutryn, Thenylchlor, Thiafluamide, Thiazafluron, Thiazopyr, Thidiazimin, Thidiazuron, Thiencarbazone, Thiencarbazone-methyl,
Thifensulfuron, Thifensulfuron-methyl, Thiobencarb, Tiocarbazil, Topramezone, Tralkoxydim, Triafamone, Triallate, Triasulfuron, Triaziflam, Triazofenamide, Tribenuron, Tribenuron-methyl, Tribufos, Trichloressigsäure (TCA), Triclopyr, Tridiphane, Trietazine, Trifloxysulfuron, Trifloxysulfuron-natrium, Trifluralin, Triflusulfuron, Triflusulfuron-methyl, Trimeturon, Trinexapac, Trinexapac-ethyl,
Tritosulfuron, Tsitodef, Uniconazole, Uniconazole-P und Vernolate, ZJ-0862, d. h. 3,4-Dichlor-N-{2-[(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)oxy]benzyl}anilin, sowie die folgenden Verbindungen:
Phytohornnone steuern physiologische Reaktionen, wie Wachstum, Blührhythmus, Zellteilung und Samenreifung. Als Beispiele für Wachstumsregulatoren seien genannt natürliche und synthetische Pflanzenhormone, wie Abszissinsäure, Benzyladenin, Caprylsäure, Decanol, Indolessigsäure, Jasmonsäure bzw. deren Ester, Salicylsäure bzw. deren Ester, Gibberellinsäure, Kinetin und
Brassinosteroide.
Mittel zur Biologischen Kontrolle sind dem Fachmann bekannt und werden beispielsweise in „The Manual of Biocontrol Agents: A World Compendium, Copping, L. G., BCPC 2009" beschrieben.
Als Beispiele für Pflanzennährstoffe seien übliche anorganische oder organische Dünger zur Versorgung von Pflanzen mit Makro- und/oder Mikronährstoffen genannt.
Als Beispiele für Repellents seien Diethyltolylamid, Ethylhexandiol und
Butopyronoxyl genannt.
Die agrochemischen Substanzen werden vorzugsweise ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Herbiziden, Insektiziden, Fungiziden und
Wachstumsregulatoren. Besonders bevorzugt werden die agrochemischen Substanzen ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Herbiziden und
Wachstumsregulatoren.
Bevorzugte Fungizide sind aliphatische Stickstofffungizide, Amidfungizide wie Acylaminosäurefungizide oder Anilidfungizide oder Benzamidfungizide oder Strobilurinfungizide, aromatische Fungizide, Benzimidazolfungizide,
Benzothiazolfungizide, Carbamatfungizide, Conazolfungizide wie Imidazole oder Triazole, Dicarboximidfungizide, Dithiocarbamatfungizide, Imidazolfungizide, Morpholinfungizide, Oxazolfungizide, Pyrazolfungizide, Pyridinfungizide,
Pyrimidinfungizide, Pyrrolfungizide, Chinonfungizide und Spiroketalamine.
Besonders bevorzugt sind die Fungizide ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Morpholinfungiziden, vorzugsweise Fenpropidin oder Fenpropimorph, und Spiroketalaminen, vorzugsweise Spiroxamin. Diese Fungizide zeichnen sich insbesondere durch eine hohe Humantoxizität in sublethalen Dosen aus. Bevorzugte Insektizide sind Carbamatinsektizide, wie
Benzofuranylmethylcarbamat- Insektizide oder Dimethylcarbamat-Insektizide oder Oximcarbamat-Insektizide oder Phenylmethylcarbamatinsektizide,
Diamidinsektizide, Insektenwachstumsregulatoren, Macrozyklische
Lactoneinsektizide wie Avermectin-Insektizide oder Milbemycin-Insektizide oder Spinosyninsektizide, Nereistoxin analoge Insektizide, Neonicotinoide, Nicotinoid- insektizide wie Nitroguanidinnicotinoid-Insektizide oder
Pyridylmethylaminnicotinoid-Insektizide, Organophosphorinsektizide wie
Organophosphatinsektizide oder Organothiophosphatinsektizide oder
Phosphonatinsektizide oder Phosphoramidothioatinsektizide,
Oxadiazininsektizide, Pyrazol Insektizide, Pyrethroidinsektizide wie
Pyrethroidester-Insektizide oder Pyrethroidether-Insektizide oder Pyrethroidoxim- Insektizide, Tetramsäureinsektizide, Tetrahydrofurandioninsektizide, Thiazol- insektizide. Besonders bevorzugt sind die Insektizide ausgewählt aus der Gruppe
bestehend aus Organophosphorinsektiziden, vorzugsweise Dimethoat, und Neonicotinoiden. Diese Insektizide zeichnen sich insbesondere durch eine hohe Toxizität gegenüber Nützlingen und Bienen in sublethalen Dosen aus. Bevorzugte Herbizide sind Amidherbizide, Anilidherbizide, aromatische
Säureherbizide wie Benzoesäureherbizide oder Picolinisäureherbizide,
Benzoylcyclohexanedionherbizide, Benzofuranylalkylsulfonatherbizide,
Benzothiazolherbizide, Carbamatherbizide, Carbanilatherbizide,
Cyclohexenoximherbizide, Cyclopropylisoxazolherbizide, Dicarboximidherbizide, Dinitroanilinherbizide, Dinitrophenolherbizide, Diphenyletherherbizide,
Dithiocarbamatherbizide, Glycinderivatherbizide, Imidazolinonherbizide,
Isoxazolherbizide, Isoxazolidinonherbizide, Nitrilherbizide, Organo- phosphorherbizide, Oxadiazolonherbizide, Oxazolherbizide, Phenoxyherbizide wie Phenoxyessigsäureherbizide oder Phenoxybutansäureherbizide oder
Phenoxypropionsäureherbizide oder Aryloxyphenoxypropiosäureherbizide, Phenylpyrazolinherbizide, Pyrazolherbizide wie Benzoylpyrazolherbizide oder Phenylpyrazolherbizide, Pyridazinonherbizide, Pyridinherbizide,
Pyrimidindionherbizide, Thiocarbamatherbizide, Triazinherbizide,
Triazinonherbizide, Triazolherbizide, Triazolonherbizide,
Triazolopyrinnidinherbizide, Triketonherbizide, Uracilherbizide, Ureaherbizide wie Phenylharnstoffherbizide oder Sulfonylharnstoffherbizide. Besonders bevorzugt sind die Herbizide ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus
Benzoesäureherbiziden, vorzugsweise Dicamba oder deren Salze,
Cyclohexenoximherbiziden, vorzugsweise Clethodim, Diphenyletherherbiziden, vorzugsweise Aclonifen, Isoxazolidinonherbiziden, vorzugsweise Clomazon, und Phenoxyherbiziden, vorzugsweise 2,4-D oder deren Salze oder Ester. Diese Herbizide zeichnen sich insbesondere durch eine hohe Pflanzentoxizität gegenüber non-target Pflanzen in sublethalen Dosen aus. Bevorzugte Wachstumsregulatoren sind natürliche und synthetische
Pflanzenhormone ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Alkoholen, vorzugsweise Decanol, Auxinen, vorzugsweise Indolessigsäure, Cytokininen, vorzugsweise Benzyladenin, Fettsäuren, vorzugsweise Caprylsäure, Gibberelinen,
vorzugsweise Gibberelinsäure, Jasmonaten, vorzugsweise Jasmonsäure oder deren Ester, Sesquiterpenen, vorzugsweise Abszissinsaure, und Salicylsaure oder deren Ester. Insbesondere bevorzugt handelt es sich bei dem einen oder den mehreren agrochemischen Substanzen um eine oder mehrere Pestizide ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Aclonifen, Clethodim, 2,4-D oder deren Salze oder Ester, Dicamba oder deren Salze, Dimethoat, Fenpropidin, Fenpropimorph und
Spiroxamin. Diese Pestizide zeichnen sich durch hohe Flüchtigkeit (Dampfdruck größer als 10~5 Pa) und durch eine hohe Toxizität gegenüber Menschen,
Nützlingen, Bienen oder nicht-target Pflanzen aus.
Übliche Formulierungsformen für Pflanzenbehandlungsmittel sind beispielsweise wasserlösliche Flüssigkeiten (SL), Emulsionskonzentrate (EC), Emulsionen in Wasser (EW), Suspensionskonzentrate (SC, SE, FS, OD), in Wasser
dispergierbare Granulate (WG), Granulate (GR) und Kapsel konzentrate (CS). Diese und weitere mögliche Formuliertypen sind beispielsweise durch Crop Life International und in Pesticide Specifications, Manual on development and use of FAO and WHO specifications for pesticides, FAO Plant Production and Protection Papers - 173, prepared by the FAO/WHO Joint Meeting on Pesticide
Specifications, 2004, ISBN: 9251048576 beschrieben.
Die Pflanzenbehandlungsmittel können gegebenenfalls die Wirkung verbessernde Adjuvantien enthalten. Ein Adjuvant in diesem Kontext ist eine Komponente, die die biologische Wirkung der Formulierung verbessert, ohne dass die Komponente selbst eine biologische Wirkung hat. Beispiele für Adjuvantien sind
Penetrationsförderer, z. B. vegetative Öle wie beispielsweise Rapsöl,
Sonnenblumenöl, Mineralöle wie beispielsweise Paraffinöle, Alkylester vegetativer Fettsäuren wie beispielsweise Rapsöl- oder Sojaölmethylester oder Alkanol- alkoxylate und/oder Spreitmittel wie beispielsweise Alkylsiloxane und/oder Salze z. B. organische oder anorganische Ammonium- oder Phosphoniumsalze wie beispielsweise Ammoniumsulfat oder Diammonium-hydrogenphosphat und/oder die Retention fördernde Mittel wie z. B. Dioctylsulfosuccinat oder Hydroxypropyl-
guar Polymere und/oder Humectants wie z. B. Glycerin und/oder Dünger wie beispielsweise Ammonium-, Kalium- oder Phosphor-enthaltende Dünger und/oder Mittel, die das Anhaften an der Blattoberfläche fördern. Gegebenenfalls können die Pflanzenbehandlungsmittel Hilfstoffe enthalten, vorzugsweise in Kombination mit den oben genannten Adjuvantien. Bei den Hilfsstoffen kann es sich beispielsweise um Streckmittel, Lösemittel,
Spontanitätsförderer, Trägerstoffe, Emulgiermittel, Dispergiermittel,
Frostschutzmittel, Biozide und/oder Verdicker handeln.
Die Pflanzenbehandlungsmittel werden in bekannter Weise hergestellt, z. B. durch Vermischen der Wirkstoffe mit Hilfsstoffen wie beispielsweise Streckmitteln, Lösemitteln und/oder festen Trägerstoffen und/oder weiteren Hilfsstoffen wie beispielsweise oberflächenaktive Stoffe. Die Herstellung der
Pflanzenbehandlungsmittel als Formulierungen erfolgt entweder in geeigneten Anlagen oder auch vor oder während der Anwendung.
Als Hilfsstoffe können solche Stoffe Verwendung finden, die geeignet sind, der Formulierung des Wirkstoffs oder den aus diesen Formulierungen bereiteten Anwendungsformen (wie z. B. gebrauchsfähigen Pflanzenschutzmitteln wie Spritzbrühen oder Saatgutbeizen) besondere Eigenschaften, wie bestimmte physikalische, technische und/oder biologische Eigenschaften zu verleihen.
Als Streckmittel eignen sich z. B. Wasser, polare und unpolare organische chemische Flüssigkeiten z. B. aus den Klassen der aromatischen und nichtaromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffe (wie Paraffine, Alkylbenzole, Alkylnaphthaline, Chlorbenzole), der Alkohole und Polyole (die ggf. auch substituiert, verethert und/oder verestert sein können), der Ketone (wie Aceton, Cyclohexanon), Ester (auch Fette und Öle) und (Poly-)Ether, der einfachen und substituierten Amine, Amide, Lactame (wie N-Alkylpyrrolidone) und Lactone, der Sulfone und Sulfoxide (wie Dimethylsulfoxid).
Grundsätzlich können alle geeigneten Lösemittel verwendet werden. Geeignete Lösemittel sind beispielsweise aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffe wie z. B. Xylol, Toluol oder Alkylnaphthaline, chlorierte aromatische oder aliphatische
Kohlenwasserstoffe wie z. B. Chlorbenzol, Chlorethylen, oder Methylen- Chlorid, aliphatische Kohlenwasserstoffe wie z. B. Cyclohexan, Paraffine, Erdölfraktionen, mineralische und pflanzliche Öle, Alkohole wie z. B. Methanol, Ethanol, iso- Propanol, Butanol oder Glykol sowie deren Ether und Ester, Ketone wie z. B.
Aceton, Methylethylketon, Methyl isobutylketon oder Cyclohexanon, stark polare Lösemittel wie Dimethylformamid und Dimethylsulfoxid sowie Wasser.
Grundsätzlich können alle geeigneten Trägerstoffe eingesetzt werden. Als
Trägerstoffe kommen insbesondere infrage: z. B. Ammoniumsalze und natürliche Gesteinsmehle wie Kaoline, Tonerden, Talkum, Kreide, Quarz, Attapulgit,
Montmorillonit oder Diatomeenerde und synthetische Gesteinsmehl, wie
hochdisperse Kieselsäure, Aluminiumoxid und natürliche oder synthetische
Silikate, Harze, Wachse und /oder feste Düngemittel. Mischungen solcher
Trägerstoffe können ebenfalls verwendet werden. Als Trägerstoffe für Granulate kommen infrage: z. B. gebrochene und fraktionierte natürliche Gesteine wie Calcit, Marmor, Bims, Sepiolith, Dolomit sowie synthetische Granulate aus
anorganischen und organischen Mehlen sowie Granulate aus organischem
Material wie Sägemehl, Papier, Kokosnussschalen, Maiskolben und Tabakstängel.
Auch verflüssigte gasförmige Streckmittel oder Lösemittel können eingesetzt werden. Insbesondere eignen sich solche Streckmittel oder Trägerstoffe, welche bei normaler Temperatur und unter Normaldruck gasförmig sind, z. B. Aerosol- Treibgase wie Halogenkohlenwasserstoffe sowie Butan, Propan, Stickstoff und Kohlendioxid.
Beispiele für Emulgier- und/oder schaumerzeugende Mittel, Dispergiermittel oder Benetzungsmittel mit ionischen oder nicht-ionischen Eigenschaften oder
Mischungen dieser oberflächenaktiven Stoffe sind Salze von Polyacrylsäure, Salze von Lignosulphonsäure, Salze von Phenolsulphonsäure oder
Naphthalinsulphonsäure, Polykondensate von Ethylenoxid mit Fettalkoholen oder
mit Fettsäuren oder mit Fettaminen, mit substituierten Phenolen (vorzugsweise Alkylphenole oder Arylphenole), Salze von Sulphobernsteinsäureestern,
Taurinderivate (vorzugsweise Alkyltaurate), Phosphorsäureester von
polyethoxy Herten Alkoholen oder Phenole, Fettsäureester von Polyolen und Derivate der Verbindungen enthaltend Sulphate, Sulphonate und Phosphate, z. B. Alkylarylpolyglycolether, Alkylsulfonate, Alkylsulfate, Arylsulfonate,
Eiweißhydrolysate, Lignin-Sulfitablaugen und Methylcellulose. Die Anwesenheit einer oberflächenaktiven Substanz ist vorteilhaft, wenn einer der Wirkstoffe und/oder einer der inerten Trägerstoffe nicht in Wasser löslich ist und wenn die Anwendung in Wasser erfolgt.
Als weitere Hilfsstoffe können in den Formulierungen und den daraus abgeleiteten Anwendungsformen Farbstoffe wie anorganische Pigmente, z. B. Eisenoxid, Titanoxid, Ferrocyanblau und organische Farbstoffe wie Alizarin-, Azo- und Metallphthalocyaninfarbstoffe und Nähr- und Spurennährstoffe wie Salze von Eisen, Mangan, Bor, Kupfer, Kobalt, Molybdän und Zink vorhanden sein.
Weiterhin enthalten sein können Stabilisatoren wie Kältestabilisatoren,
Konservierungsmittel, Oxidationsschutzmittel, Lichtschutzmittel oder andere die chemische und / oder physikalische Stabilität verbessernde Mittel. Weiterhin enthalten sein können schaumerzeugende Mittel oder Entschäumer.
Ferner können die Formulierungen und daraus abgeleiteten Anwendungsformen als zusätzliche Hilfsstoffe auch Haftmittel wie Carboxymethylcellulose, natürliche und synthetische pulverige, körnige oder latexförmige Polymere enthalten wie
Gummiarabikum, Polyvinylalkohol, Polyvinylacetat sowie natürliche Phospholipide wie Kephaline und Lecithine und synthetische Phospholipide. Weitere Hilfsstoffe können mineralische und vegetabile Öle sein. Gegebenenfalls können noch weitere Hilfsstoffe in den Formulierungen und den daraus abgeleiteten Anwendungsformen enthalten sein. Solche Zusatzstoffe sind beispielsweise Duftstoffe, schützende Kolloide, Bindemittel, Klebstoffe, Verdicker,
thixotrope Stoffe, Penetrationsförderer, Retentionsförderer, Stabilisatoren,
Sequestierm ittel, Komplexbildner, Humectans, Spreitmittel.
Im Allgemeinen können die agrochemische Substanzen mit jedem festen oder flüssigen Zusatzstoff, welcher für Formulierungszwecke gewöhnlich verwendet wird, kombiniert werden.
Als Retentionsförderer kommen alle diejenigen Substanzen in Betracht, die die dynamische Oberflächenspannung verringern wie beispielsweise
Dioctylsulfosuccinat oder die die Visko-Elastizität erhöhen wie beispielsweise Hydroxypropyl-guar Polymere.
Als Penetrationsförderer kommen im vorliegenden Zusammenhang alle diejenigen Substanzen in Betracht, die üblicherweise eingesetzt werden, um das Eindringen agrochemischer Substanzen in Pflanzen zu verbessern.
Penetrationsförderer werden in diesem Zusammenhang dadurch definiert, dass sie aus der (in der Regel wässerigen) Applikationsbrühe und/oder aus dem
Spritzbelag in die Kutikula der Pflanze eindringen und dadurch die
Stoffbeweglichkeit (Mobilität) der Wirkstoffe in der Kutikula erhöhen können. Die in der Literatur (Baur et al., 1997, Pesticide Science 51 , 131 - 152) beschriebene Methode kann zur Bestimmung dieser Eigenschaft eingesetzt werden. Beispielhaft werden genannt Alkoholalkoxylate wie beispielsweise Kokosfettethoxylat (10) oder Isotridecylethoxylat (12), Fettsäureester wie beispielsweise Rapsöl- oder
Sojaölmethylester, Fettamine Alkoxylate wie beispielsweise Tallowannine ethoxylat (15) oder Ammonium- und/oder Phosphonium-Salze wie beispielsweise
Ammoniumsulfat oder Diammonium-hydrogenphosphat.
Die Pflanzenbehandlungsmittel enthalten vorzugsweise zwischen 0,00000001 und 98 Gew.-% an agrochemischen Substanzen, besonders bevorzugt zwischen
0,01 und 95 Gew.-% an agrochemischen Substanzen und insbesondere bevorzugt zwischen 0,5 und 90 Gew.-% an agrochemischen Substanzen, bezogen auf das Gewicht der Pflanzenbehandlungsmittel.
Der Gehalt an agrochemischen Substanzen der aus den
Pflanzenbehandlungsmitteln bereiteten Anwendungsformen (Pflanzenschutzmittel) kann in weiten Bereichen variieren. Die Konzentration der agrochemischen
Substanzen in den Anwendungsformen, insbesondere in den Spritzbrühen, kann üblicherweise zwischen 0,00000001 und 95 Gew.-% an agrochemischer
Substanz, vorzugsweise zwischen 0,00001 und 5 Gew.-% an agrochemischer Substanz, besonders bevorzugt zwischen 0,00001 und 1 Gew.-% an
agrochemischer Substanz und insbesondere bevorzugt zwischen 0,001 und 1 Gew.-% an agrochemischer Substanz, bezogen auf das Gewicht der
Anwendungsform, insbesondere der Spritzbrühe, liegen. Die Anwendung geschieht in einer den Anwendungsformen angepaßten üblichen Weise.
Die Herstellung der Formulierungen erfolgt z. B. in der Weise, dass man die Komponenten in den jeweils gewünschten Verhältnissen miteinander vermischt. Handelt es sich bei der agrochemischen Substanz um eine Festsubstanz, so setzt man diese im Allgemeinen entweder in fein gemahlener Form oder in Form einer Lösung oder Suspension in einem organischen Solvens oder Wasser ein. Ist die agrochemische Substanz flüssig, so erübrigt sich häufig die Verwendung eines organischen Lösungsmittels. Es ist außerdem möglich, eine feste agrochemische Substanz in Form einer Schmelze einzusetzen. Die Temperaturen können bei der Durchführung des Verfahrens in einem bestimmten Bereich variiert werden. Man arbeitet im Allgemeinen bei Temperaturen zwischen 0 °C und 80 °C, vorzugsweise zwischen 10 °C und 60 °C.
Die Herstellung der erfindungsgemäß verwendeten Pflanzenbehandlungsmittel ist je nach Formulierungstyp auf verschiedenen Wegen möglich, welche dem
Fachmann hinlänglich bekannt sind. Bei der Herstellung kann man beispielsweise so vorgehen, dass man die alkoxylierten Pflanzenölderivate mit einem oder mehreren agrochemischen Substanzen sowie gegebenenfalls mit Hilfsstoffen vermischt. Die Reihenfolge, in der die Komponenten miteinander vermischt werden, ist beliebig. Bei der Herstellung kommen übliche Geräte in Betracht, die zur Herstellung von agrochemischen Formulierungen eingesetzt werden.
Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Verwendung werden Pflanzenbehandlungsmittel vorzugsweise in Form von Spritzbrühen ausgebracht. Dabei wird eine Spritzbrühe bevorzugt durch Verdünnung einer Konzentrat-Formulierung mit einer definierten Menge Wasser hergestellt.
Weiterhin Gegenstand der Erfindung ist ein Verfahren zur Verminderung der Drift bei der Applikation von Pflanzenbehandlungsmitteln, wobei eine vorzugsweise wässrige Spritzbrühe auf die zu behandelnden Pflanzen oder deren Ort
aufgesprüht wird, die Spritzbrühe ein oder mehrere alkoxylierte Pflanzenölderivate enthält und die Menge des einen oder der mehreren alkoxylierten
Pflanzenölderivate in der Spritzbrühe vorzugsweise von 0,001 bis 5 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt von 0,005 bis 3 Gew.-%, insbesondere bevorzugt von 0,01 bis 1 Gew.-% und außerordentlich bevorzugt von 0,03 bis 0,5 Gew.-% beträgt, jeweils bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht der Spritzbrühe. Die in dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren eingesetzte Spritzbrühe enthält weiterhin bevorzugt ein oder mehrere agrochemische Substanzen.
Weiterhin Gegenstand der Erfindung sind Mittel zur Driftreduzierung bei der Applikation von Pflanzenbehandlungsmitteln enthaltend ein oder mehrere der oben beschriebenen alkoxylierten Pflanzenölderivate und vorzugsweise
Spritzbrühen enthaltend ein oder mehrere der oben beschriebenen alkoxylierten Pflanzenölderivate, wobei die Menge des einen oder der mehreren alkoxylierten Pflanzenölderivate in der Spritzbrühe vorzugsweise von 0,001 bis 5 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt von 0,005 bis 3 Gew.-%, insbesondere bevorzugt von 0,01 bis 1 Gew.-% und außerordentlich bevorzugt von 0,03 bis 0,5 Gew.-% beträgt, jeweils bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht der Spritzbrühe. Die
erfindungsgemäßen Mittel und vorzugsweise die erfindungsgemäßen Spritzbrühen enthalten weiterhin bevorzugt ein oder mehrere agrochemische Substanzen.
Beispiele
Inn Folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand von Beispielen verdeutlicht, die jedoch keinesfalls als Einschränkung anzusehen sind.
Bei den im Folgenden angegebenen Prozentangaben handelt es sich um
Gewichtsprozent (Gew.-%) sofern nicht explizit anders angegeben.
Bei den eingesetzten Rohstoffen handelt es sich um:
Rizinusöl Rizinusöl bezogen von der Firma Fuerst Day Lawson Edenor Ti 05 Ölsäure bezogen von der Firma BASF
Synergen® OS Anti-drift Adjuvant der Firma Clariant, basierend auf einem
Gemisch aus Polyglycerinester und Rapsölmethylester. Sterling Blue® Herbizidformulierung des Diglykolamin (DGA) Salzes von
Dicamba (480 g/l acid equivalent; a.e.), Firma Winfield
AMS Ammoniumsulfat bezogen von der Firma VWR
Emuisogen® EL 200 Rizinusölethoxylat der Firma Clariant.
Emuisogen® EL 360 Rizinusölethoxylat der Firma Clariant.
Herstellungsbeispiele
A) Herstellung von alkoxylierten Pflanzenölderivaten auf Basis von Rizinusöl, Ethylenoxid und Ölsäure
A1 ) Herstellungsbeispiel A1
Stufe 1 - Ethoxylierung von Rizinusöl
In einem 3L-Rührautoklaven werden 915 g (1 mol) Rizinusöl vorgelegt und mit 3,59 g (0,0256 mol) Kalilauge (40 Gew.-% in Wasser) unter Stickstoffspülung homogen verrührt. Nach Evakuierung auf einen Druck von 25 - 30 mbar wird für 2 h bei 100 °C Wasser abgezogen und anschließend der Autoklav mehrmals mit
Stickstoff gespült. Innerhalb von 5 h werden dann 880 g (20 mol) Ethylenoxid bei einer Reaktionstemperatur von 155 °C bis zu einem Maximaldruck von 2 bar beaufschlagt. Die auftretende Exothermie wird durch Wasserkühlung kompensiert. Nach beendeter Ethoxylierung wird der Innendruck mit Stickstoff auf 4,0 bar erhöht und 1 h bei 160 °C nachreagiert. Nach Abkühlen auf 100 °C wird für 1 h Vakuum angelegt und eventuell verbliebene Nebenprodukte entfernt. Das
Zwischenprodukt wird nach dem Belüften mit Stickstoff abgefüllt.
Stufe 2 - Veresterung des Rizinusölethoxylats mit Ölsäure
In einem 3L-Vierhalskolben werden 1795 g (0,95 mol) Rizinusölethoxylat
(Zwischenprodukt aus Stufe 1 ); 401 ,2 g (1 ,425 mol), Ölsäure (Edenor Ti 05), 5,5 g Veresterungskatalysator unter Stickstoffatmosphäre vorgelegt. Die
Reaktionsmischung wird dann unter Rühren auf 160 °C erwärmt, und 2 h bei dieser Temperatur nachgerührt. Anschließend wird die Veresterungsreaktion 4 h bei 180 °C weitergeführt und wäßriges Kondensat (Kopftemperatur: 70 - 103 °C) abdestilliert um das Produkt zu erhalten.
A2) Herstellungsbeispiel A2 Stufe 1 - Ethoxylierung von Rizinusöl
In einem 3L-Rührautoklaven werden 915 g (1 mol) Rizinusöl vorgelegt und mit 3,59 g (0,0256 mol) Kalilauge (40 Gew.-% in Wasser) unter Stickstoffspülung homogen verrührt. Nach Evakuierung auf einen Druck von 25 - 30 mbar wird für 2 h bei 100 °C Wasser abgezogen und anschließend der Autoklav mehrmals mit Stickstoff gespült. Innerhalb von 5 h werden dann 880 g (20 mol) Ethylenoxid bei einer Reaktionstemperatur von 155 °C bis zu einem Maximaldruck von 2 bar beaufschlagt. Die auftretende Exothermie wird durch Wasserkühlung kompensiert. Nach beendeter Ethoxylierung wird der Innendruck mit Stickstoff auf 4,0 bar erhöht und 1 h bei 160 °C nachreagiert. Nach Abkühlen auf 100 °C wird für 1 h Vakuum angelegt und eventuell verbliebene Nebenprodukte entfernt. Das
Zwischenprodukt wird nach dem Belüften mit Stickstoff abgefüllt.
Stufe 2 - Veresterung des Rizinusölethoxylats mit Ölsäure
In einem 1 L-Vierhalskolben werden 372,8 g (0,20 mol) Rizinusölethoxylat (Zwischenprodukt aus Stufe 1 ); 71 ,7 g (0,25 mol), Ölsäure (Edenor Ti 05) und 1 ,1 1 g Veresterungskatalysator unter Stickstoffatmosphäre vorgelegt. Die
Reaktionsmischung wird dann unter Rühren auf 160 °C erwärmt, und 2 h bei dieser Temperatur nachgerührt. Anschließend wird die Veresterungsreaktion 2 h bei 180 °C weitergeführt und wäßriges Kondensat (Kopftemperatur: 70 - 103 °C) abdestilliert um das Produkt zu erhalten. In analoger Weise zu den oben genannten Herstellmethoden A1 ) und A2) können auch andere alkoxylierte Pflanzenölderivate hergestellt werden.
Tabelle 1 : Reaktionskennzahlen für Herstellungsbeispiele
B) Herstellung von Spritzbrühen
B1 ) Beispiele für wässrige Spritzbrühen
Im Folgenden wird die Zusammensetzung der Spritzbrühen B1 - B1 1 angegeben Die Spritzbrühen wurden durch Mischen der alkoxylierten Pflanzenölderivate mit Wasser hergestellt. Tabelle 2
Spritzbrühe Testsubstanz Menge Testsubstanz [Gew.-%]
B1 Synergen® OS 0,50
B2 Emuisogen® EL 200 0,30
B3 Emuisogen® EL 360 0,30
B4 Herstellbeispiel A1 0,03
B5 Herstellbeispiel A1 0,10
B6 Herstellbeispiel A1 0,30
B7 Herstellbeispiel A1 1 ,00
B8 Herstellbeispiel A2 0,03
B9 Herstellbeispiel A2 0,10
B10 Herstellbeispiel A2 0,30
B1 1 Herstellbeispiel A2 1 ,00
Beispiele für Spritzbrühen mit kommerzieller Dicamba Formulierung
Im Folgenden wird die Zusammensetzung der Spritzbrühen C1 - C3 angegeben. Diese Spritzbrühen werden durch Mischen von Sterling Blue der Firma Winfield (wässrige SL-Formulierung des Diglykolamin (DGA) Salzes von Dicamba 480 g/l a.e.), Wasser und der Testsubstanz hergestellt.
Tabelle 3
B3) Beispiele für Spritzbrühen mit dem agrochemischen Salz Ammoniumsulfat (AMS)
Im Folgenden wird die Zusammensetzung der Spritzbrühen D1 - D10 angegeben. Diese Spritzbrühen werden durch Mischen des agrochemischen Salzes AMS, Wasser und der Testsubstanz hergestellt.
Tabelle 4
C) Anwendungsbeispiele
Messung der Tropfengrößenverteilung
Ein Malvern Spraytec„real-time spray sizing System" wurde zur Bestimmung der Tropfengrößenverteilung verwendet. Dazu wurde das System (STP5321 , Malvern Instruments GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany) in einer eigens konstruierten
Spritzkabine montiert mit der Option, praxisübliche Spritzapplikationen bei frei einstellbarem Druck für diverse hydraulische Düsen und frei einstellbaren
Abständen (Düse-Zieloberfläche) wählen zu können. Die Spritzkabine ist verdunkelbar und alle Störparameter können ausgeschaltet werden. Für die Messungen wurde die Standardflachstrahldüse XR1 1002 (Teejet) mit hohem Anteil an feinen Tropfen (< 105 μιτι) im Tropfenspektrum und die Injektordüsen ID12002 (Lechler), sowie ID(3)12002 (Lechler) mit gröberen Tropfengrößen verwendet. Der eingestellte Druck wurde variiert und ein mittlerer Druck von 3 bar
wurde für die nachfolgend berichteten Messungen konstant gehalten. Temperatur und relative Luftfeuchte variierten zwischen 21 ,5 und 29 °C bzw. 33 % und 56 %. In jeder Versuchsreihe wurde stets Leitungswasser als interner Standard gemessen und eine Spritzbrühe mit dem Anti-drift adjuvant Synergen® OS als kommerziell erhältlichem Standard.
Die Spraytec Messung wurde bei der Einstellung von 1 kHz vorgenommen, nachdem sich Messungen bei 2,5 kHz oder höher wie auch andere Einflussgrößen wie zusätzliche Absaugung als vernachlässigbar erwiesen. Die Messung im Sprühnebel wurde konstant gehalten bei einer Position mit Abständen von genau 29,3 cm zur Düse und 0,4 cm vom Lot unter Düse. Die Messungen erfolgten innerhalb von 5 Sekunden und berichtet wird das Mittel von 6 Wiederholungen als Volumenanteil der Tropfen mit Durchmesser < 90 μιτι ("Vol 90"), < 105 μιτι ("Vol 105") und < 150 μηη ("Vol 150") (prozentualer Standardfehler 0,5 - 2,5 %). Als weiterer Messparameter wurde der Volumenanteil der Tropfen mit
Durchmesser < 210 μιτι bestimmt ("Vol 210") und ins Verhältnis zum
Volumenanteil der Tropfen mit Durchmesser < 105 μιτι gesetzt
("Vol 210 / Vol 105"). Des Weiteren wurde die prozentuale Reduktion des
Volumenanteils der Tropfen mit Durchmesser < 105 μιτι bei Verwendung von Spritzbrühen enthaltend Testsubstanzen im Vergleich zur Verwendnung von Leitungswasser als internem Standard errechnet ("Red 105").
C1 ) Anwendungsbeispiel Tropfengrößenverteilung mit Flachstrahldüse XR1 1002 (bei 3bar) unter
Verwendung der Spritzbrühen B1 - B1 1 (Zusammensetzung siehe Tabelle 2).
Tabelle 5
B1 Synergen® OS 1 1 ,08 16,20 34,62 3,62 54
B2 Emuisogen® EL200 23,88 33,91 59,97 2,37
5
10
B3 Emuisogen® EL360 28,99 39,21 64,73 2, 13
(Erhöhung)
B4 Herstellbeispiel A1 15,85 23,37 46, 17 2,97 35
B5 Herstellbeispiel A1 14,66 21 ,74 44,06 3, 12 39
B6 Herstellbeispiel A1 12,93 19,40 40,89 3,37 45
B7 Herstellbeispiel A1 15,48 23,16 47, 17 3, 10 35
B8 Herstellbeispiel A2 14,56 21 ,68 44,00 3, 12 39
B9 Herstellbeispiel A2 12,20 18,08 38,06 3,43 49
B10 Herstellbeispiel A2 1 1 ,31 16,43 35,29 3,66 53
B1 1 Herstellbeispiel A2 16,94 25,00 49,64 2,97 30
C2) Anwendungsbeispiel
Tropfengrößenverteilung mit Injektordüse ID(3)12002 (bei 3bar) unter Verwendung der Spritzbrühen C1 - C3 (Zusammensetzung siehe Tabelle 3).
Tabelle 6
C3) Anwendungsbeispiel
Tropfengroßenverteilung mit Injektordüse ID12002 (bei 3bar) unter Verwendung der Spritzbrühen D1 , D3 - D10 (Zusammensetzung siehe Tabelle 4).
Tabelle 7
Anwendungsbeispiel Tropfengroßenverteilung mit Flachstrahldüse XR1 1002 (bei 3bar) unter
Verwendung der Spritzbrühen D2 - D4 und D6 - D10 (Zusammensetzung siehe Tabelle 4).
Tabelle 7
SprühTestsubstanz Vol 90 Vol 105 Vol 150 Vol 210/ Red 105 flüssigkeit [Vol.-%] [Vol.-%] [Vol.-%] Vol 105 [%]
Wasser - 24,21 33,80 59,09 2,36 -
D2 - 20,10 29,19 54,44 2,63 13
6
D3 25,78 35,56 61,11 2,29
(Erhöhung)
D4 Synergen® OS 10,90 16,17 35,29 I 3,70 51
D6 Herstellbeispiel A1 11,42 16,53 35,33 3,64 51
D7 Herstellbeispiel A1 11,62 16,64 35,19 3,61 51
D8 Herstellbeispiel A1 11,25 16,36 35,11 3,65 52
D9 Herstellbeispiel A1 10,33 15,13 33,18 3,81 55
D10 Herstellbeispiel A1 11,70 17,30 36,74 3,52 49
Claims
1 . Verwendung von einem oder mehreren alkoxylierten Pflanzenölderivaten, wobei diese Struktureinheiten hervorgegangen aus a) Pflanzenöl, und b) Alkylenoxid, wobei Alkylenoxid für Ethylenoxid, Propylenoxid, Butylenoxid oder für Gemische aus Ethylenoxid und Propylenoxid oder für Gemische aus Ethylenoxid und Butylenoxid steht, und c) einer oder mehreren Monocarbonsäuren gemäß Formel (I)
R1-COOH (I) wobei R1 für unverzweigtes oder verzweigtes, gesättigtes Alkyl mit 1 bis 29 Kohlenstoffatomen oder für unverzweigtes oder verzweigtes, einfach oder mehrfach ungesättigtes Alkenyl mit 2 bis 29 Kohlenstoffatomen steht, enthalten,
zur Verminderung der Drift bei der Applikation von Pflanzenbehandlungsmitteln.
2. Verwendung von einem oder mehreren alkoxylierten Pflanzenölderivaten erhältlich durch Umsetzung der Komponenten a) und b) und c) a) Pflanzenöl, und b) Alkylenoxid, wobei Alkylenoxid für Ethylenoxid, Propylenoxid, Butylenoxid oder für Gemische aus Ethylenoxid und Propylenoxid oder für Gemische aus Ethylenoxid und Butylenoxid steht, und c) einer oder mehreren Monocarbonsäuren gemäß Formel (I)
R1-COOH (I)
wobei R1 für unverzweigtes oder verzweigtes, gesättigtes Alkyl mit 1 bis 29 Kohlenstoffatomen oder für unverzweigtes oder verzweigtes, einfach oder mehrfach ungesättigtes Alkenyl mit 2 bis 29 Kohlenstoffatomen steht, r Verminderung der Drift bei der Applikation von Pflanzenbehandlungsmitteln.
3. Verwendung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das eine oder die mehreren alkoxylierten Pflanzenölderivate Struktureinheiten enthalten hervorgegangen aus oder erhältlich sind durch Umsetzung von a) 20 bis 55 Gew.-% Pflanzenöl, und
20 bis 70 Gew.-% Alkylenoxid, wobei Alkylenoxid für Ethylenoxid,
Propylenoxid, Butylenoxid oder für Gemische aus Ethylenoxid und
Propylenoxid oder für Gemische aus Ethylenoxid und Butylenoxid steht, und
0,1 bis 40 Gew.-% einer oder mehreren Monocarbonsäuren gemäß
Formel (I)
R1-COOH (I) wobei R1 für unverzweigtes oder verzweigtes, gesättigtes Alkyl mit 1 bis 29 Kohlenstoffatomen oder für unverzweigtes oder verzweigtes, einfach oder mehrfach ungesättigtes Alkenyl mit 2 bis 29 Kohlenstoffatomen steht.
4. Verwendung gemäß einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das eine oder die mehreren alkoxylierten Pflanzenölderivate derart erhältlich sind oder derart hergestellt werden, dass das Pflanzenöl a) zunächst mit Alkylenoxid b) umgesetzt wird und erst danach das alkoxylierte Pflanzenöl mit der einen oder den mehreren Monocarbonsäuren c) umgesetzt wird.
5. Verwendung gemäß einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es sich bei dem Pflanzenöl a) um Rizinusöl handelt.
6. Verwendung gemäß einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es sich bei dem Alkylenoxid b) um Ethylenoxid handelt.
7. Verwendung gemäß einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es sich bei der einen oder den mehreren
Monocarbonsäuren c) um Ölsäure handelt.
8. Verwendung gemäß einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es sich bei dem Pflanzenöl a) um Rizinusöl, bei dem
Alkylenoxid b) um Ethylenoxid und bei der einen oder den mehreren
Monocarbonsäuren c) um Ölsäure handelt.
9. Verwendung gemäß einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Verseifungszahl des einen oder der mehreren alkoxylierten Pflanzenölderivate zwischen 70 und 150 mg KOH/g und bevorzugt zwischen 100 und 120 mg KOH/g liegt.
10. Verwendung gemäß einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Säurezahl des einen oder der mehreren alkoxylierten Pflanzenölderivate kleiner als 10 mg KOH/g und bevorzugt kleiner als 7 mg KOH/g ist.
1 1 . Verwendung gemäß einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das eine oder die mehreren alkoxylierten Pflanzenölderivate in einem Pflanzenbehandlungsmittel in Form einer Spritzbrühe vorliegen und die Menge des einen oder der mehreren alkoxylierten Pflanzenölderivate in der Spritzbrühe von 0,001 bis 5 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise von 0,005 bis 3 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt von 0,01 bis 1 Gew.-% und insbesondere bevorzugt von 0,03 bis 0,5 Gew.-% beträgt, jeweils bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht der
Spritzbrühe.
12. Verfahren zur Verminderung der Drift bei der Applikation eines
Pflanzenbehandlungsmittels, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Spritzbrühe nach Anspruch 1 1 auf die zu behandelnden Pflanzen oder deren Ort aufgesprüht wird.
13. Mittel zur Driftreduzierung bei der Applikation eines
Pflanzenbehandlungsmittels enthaltend ein oder mehrere alkoxylierte
Pflanzenölderivate gemäß einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, vorzugweise eine Spritzbrühe wie in Anspruch 1 1 beschrieben.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102014017933 | 2014-12-05 | ||
| PCT/EP2015/078567 WO2016087604A1 (de) | 2014-12-05 | 2015-12-03 | Verwendung von alkoxylierten pflanzenölderivaten zur verminderung der drift bei der applikation von pflanzenbehandlungsmitteln |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3226687A1 true EP3226687A1 (de) | 2017-10-11 |
Family
ID=54838325
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP15807624.0A Withdrawn EP3226687A1 (de) | 2014-12-05 | 2015-12-03 | Verwendung von alkoxylierten pflanzenölderivaten zur verminderung der drift bei der applikation von pflanzenbehandlungsmitteln |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20180332844A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP3226687A1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN107205376A (de) |
| AU (1) | AU2015357007A1 (de) |
| BR (1) | BR112017011737A2 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2016087604A1 (de) |
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| CN109310080A (zh) * | 2016-07-01 | 2019-02-05 | 禾大公司 | 喷雾漂移减少 |
| CN106665569B (zh) * | 2016-12-16 | 2020-10-27 | 江苏钟山化工有限公司 | 一种飞防助剂及其制法 |
| EP3994990A1 (de) * | 2020-11-08 | 2022-05-11 | Bayer AG | Agrochemische zusammensetzung mit verbesserten drift-, ausbreitungs- und aufnahmeeigenschaften |
| EP3994995A1 (de) * | 2020-11-08 | 2022-05-11 | Bayer Aktiengesellschaft | Tankmischungsadjuvansformulierung für geringe drift, regenbeständigkeit, hohe ausbreitung, hohe aufnahme und ultraniedriges volumen |
| EP3994991A1 (de) * | 2020-11-08 | 2022-05-11 | Bayer Aktiengesellschaft | Agrochemische zusammensetzung mit verbesserten drift-, ausbreitungs-, aufnahme- und regenbeständigkeitseigenschaften |
| EP3994992A1 (de) * | 2020-11-08 | 2022-05-11 | Bayer AG | Tankmischadjuvansformulierung mit geringer drift, regenbeständigkeit, hoher aufnahme und ultraniedrigem volumen |
| EP3994993A1 (de) * | 2020-11-08 | 2022-05-11 | Bayer Aktiengesellschaft | Tankmischadjuvansformulierung mit geringer drift, regenbeständigkeit, hoher ausbreitung und ultraniedrigem volumen |
| EP3994994A1 (de) * | 2020-11-08 | 2022-05-11 | Bayer Aktiengesellschaft | Tankmischungsadjuvansformulierung für geringe drift, regenbeständigkeit, hohe ausbreitung, hohe aufnahme und ultraniedriges volumen |
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| CA2848515C (en) * | 2011-09-12 | 2017-07-18 | Rhodia Operations | Agricultural pesticide compositions |
| CN104394692A (zh) * | 2012-06-21 | 2015-03-04 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 包含麦草畏和漂移控制剂的含水组合物 |
-
2015
- 2015-12-03 BR BR112017011737A patent/BR112017011737A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2015-12-03 AU AU2015357007A patent/AU2015357007A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2015-12-03 EP EP15807624.0A patent/EP3226687A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2015-12-03 US US15/532,623 patent/US20180332844A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2015-12-03 WO PCT/EP2015/078567 patent/WO2016087604A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2015-12-03 CN CN201580073830.XA patent/CN107205376A/zh active Pending
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| WO2016087604A1 (de) | 2016-06-09 |
| CN107205376A (zh) | 2017-09-26 |
| US20180332844A1 (en) | 2018-11-22 |
| BR112017011737A2 (pt) | 2017-12-26 |
| AU2015357007A1 (en) | 2017-06-29 |
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