EP3218213A1 - Heat pump system for electric vehicles - Google Patents

Heat pump system for electric vehicles

Info

Publication number
EP3218213A1
EP3218213A1 EP15795230.0A EP15795230A EP3218213A1 EP 3218213 A1 EP3218213 A1 EP 3218213A1 EP 15795230 A EP15795230 A EP 15795230A EP 3218213 A1 EP3218213 A1 EP 3218213A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat
cabin
air conditioning
coolant
electric vehicles
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP15795230.0A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Hasan Ayarturk
Utku Karakaya
Husnu Arda ODABASIOGLU
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Tofas Turk Otomobil Fabrikasi AS
Original Assignee
Tofas Turk Otomobil Fabrikasi AS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Tofas Turk Otomobil Fabrikasi AS filed Critical Tofas Turk Otomobil Fabrikasi AS
Publication of EP3218213A1 publication Critical patent/EP3218213A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
    • B60H1/00814—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
    • B60H1/00878—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices
    • B60H1/00899—Controlling the flow of liquid in a heat pump system
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/32—Cooling devices
    • B60H1/3204—Cooling devices using compression
    • B60H1/3228—Cooling devices using compression characterised by refrigerant circuit configurations
    • B60H1/32284—Cooling devices using compression characterised by refrigerant circuit configurations comprising two or more secondary circuits, e.g. at evaporator and condenser side
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K5/00—Plants characterised by use of means for storing steam in an alkali to increase steam pressure, e.g. of Honigmann or Koenemann type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
    • B60H1/00814—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
    • B60H1/00878—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices
    • B60H2001/00928—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices comprising a secondary circuit
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
    • B60H1/00814—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
    • B60H1/00878—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices
    • B60H2001/00949—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices comprising additional heating/cooling sources, e.g. second evaporator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2339/00—Details of evaporators; Details of condensers
    • F25B2339/04—Details of condensers
    • F25B2339/047—Water-cooled condensers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B25/00—Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups F25B1/00 - F25B23/00
    • F25B25/005—Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups F25B1/00 - F25B23/00 using primary and secondary systems

Definitions

  • the present invention relates a heat pump system for electric vehicles which enables air conditioning of the motor, battery and cabin of the vehicles in electric motor vehicles.
  • air conditioning system members in vehicles for heating or cooling the vehicle components and the cabin. In vehicles with internal combustion engines, these members are directly connected to operation of the engine.
  • Electric heating system It is an inexpensive, simple and applicable method. Electric consumption is completely converted to heat. Only the losses during heat transmission reduce efficiency. However, its energy consumption is too high according to the state of the art. They are inefficient heating systems especially considering the problem of short ranges of the electric vehicles.
  • Fueled heating systems This system is expensive and complex due to the requirements of fuel tank and fuel burning members.
  • the fuel system which is normally not provided in electric vehicles also poses a safety risk. It increases weight and cost of the vehicle. It is known that weight and cost values constitute the major problems of electric vehicles in the state of the art.
  • Hot gas heating system By using gases that do not condense at low temperature, the current cooling system is converted to a gas cycle refrigeration system. Mechanical power of the cooling compressor is converted to thermal power. Energy consumption is very high; and the hot gas system is an additional system to the current cooling system and increases weight, cost and complexity of the vehicle. Integration of this system to the current cooling system requires solution of difficult technical problems.
  • Heat pump systems This system is a heat system which has high heating efficiency which is frequently used in residential air-conditioning in addition to vehicles.
  • Sone of these elements are tube diameter differences for two way coolant transfer, the requirement of redesigning in order to use the evaporator as a condenser, and requirement of four-way valve for cooling system.
  • United States patent document no. US7789176 an application known in the state of the art, discloses a thermal management system for electric vehicles.
  • the system uses a single heat exchanger for cooling the battery, motor and cabin with 3 different loops.
  • United States Patent document no. US5305613 discloses an air conditioning system used in electric vehicles.
  • the heat pump system used for heating or cooling the vehicle comprises three heat exchangers. Upon making selections between the said cycles the vehicle is either heated or cooled. Additionally, it is stated that the cabin be brought to an ideal state by operating a portion of the system before running the vehicle.
  • Chinese utility model document no. CN202145068 another application known in the state of the art, discloses an electric vehicle air conditioning system using a heat pump.
  • the said system comprises out-vehicle heat exchanger, expansion valves, in- vehicle heat exchanger, a heater, and valves for switching between the refrigeration and heating systems.
  • Chinese utility model document no. CN202254031 another application known in the state of the art, discloses an air conditioning system for electric vehicles operated by a heat pump.
  • the said system can be operated in 5 different working modes of refrigeration, heating, low temperature heating, wind defrosting/demisting and low-temperature defrosting.
  • the motor cooling system values in electric vehicles is suitable for cold water generation system condenser cooling, an additional condenser component is used and this ruins the cost, weight and layout convenience of the system.
  • the coolant line between the cooling compressor and the air conditioning module makes the cooling system complicated and increases the weight and cost.
  • Cooling systems operated by photovoltaic batteries are expensive, heavy and complex.
  • the PTC electrical heater system used for heating the cabins and batteries of electric vehicles reduces the range of vehicles by consuming too much energy.
  • the fuel heating system used for heating the cabins and batteries of electric vehicles is expensive and complicated due to the fuel tank and fuel combustion components.
  • the fuel system which is normally not provided in electric vehicles also poses a safety risk.
  • the hot gas heating system used for heating the cabins and batteries of electric vehicles reduces the range of vehicles by consuming too much energy although it has a very simple structure.
  • the objective of the present invention is to provide a heat pump system for electric vehicles which enables air conditioning of the motor, battery and cabin in electric motor vehicles.
  • Another objective of the present invention is to provide a heat pump system for electric vehicles which, in electric vehicles, enables to cool the cabin which gets heated in a stationary vehicle by consuming low energy.
  • a further objective of the present invention is to provide a heat pump system for electric vehicles which performs heating and dehumidification functions by using both the heat drawn from inside the cabin and the heat drawn from the outer environment.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of the heat pump system for electric vehicles of the present invention.
  • a heat pump system for electric vehicles (1) of the present invention comprises at least one radiator (2) which cools the heated coolant,
  • radiator fan (3) which enables to cool the radiator (2)
  • At least one air conditioning module heating coil (4) which enables to heat the cabin
  • At least one cooling compressor (7) which is in the vehicle air conditioning and battery cooling system (A) and increases temperature of the coolant by pressurizing it,
  • At least one two-phase and two-fluid cold heat exchanger (9) which collects the waste heat of the cabin air conditioning system (K) and the battery (B) group,
  • At least one thermostat (11) which deactivates the radiator (2) when the outer environment is cold
  • At least one cabin and battery coolant line (12) which carries the coolant coming from the cabin air conditioning system (K) and the battery (B) group,
  • At least one cabin air conditioning module fan (13) which, when the vehicle is not running, cools the cabin by transferring the excess heat within the cabin to the coolant,
  • At least one coolant pressurizing pump (14) which enables flow of the coolant from the hot heat exchanger (5) to the cold heat exchanger (9)
  • at least one cold water circulation pump (15) which delivers the heated water from the coil (16) to the two-phase and two-fluid cold heat exchanger (9)
  • the vehicle air conditioning and battery cooling system (A) is a water cooling system, which is standardized in the state of the art, and which is operated by two two-phase and two-fluid heat exchangers.
  • Electric vehicle electric motor (M) operation temperatures are below the cooling system condenser condensing temperature. Therefore, after the liquid-phase coolant (generally ethylene glycol added water) used for cooling the electric motor (M) leaves the electric motor (M), it is connected to the inlet of the two- phase and two-fluid heat exchanger group (5), and after collecting the waste heat of the motor (M), it also collects the condensing heat of the cooling system, thereby it can bring the heat to a higher value. This value is equal to the engine coolant temperature of an internal combustion engine for general operation points.
  • liquid-phase coolant generally ethylene glycol added water
  • the water heated in the heat exchanger (5) is heated by being passed through the heating coil (4) provided in the cabin air conditioning system (K) in the known art. Since a liquid having values near the heating water temperature and flow rate values of the vehicles with internal combustion engines is circulated and since heating capacity of the heating coil (4) is much higher than necessary due to the excessive waste heat value of these vehicles, there is no need for making a change in this component.
  • the by-pass line (10), and the thermostat (11) system that closes the line going to the radiator (2) at very low ambient temperature, which are used in internal combustion engines, can be used as the same way. This way, the heat collected from the motor (M) and the batteries (B) and all of the heat collected from the cooling system can be used for heating the cabin.
  • the by-pass line (10) and the thermostat (11) are deactivated.
  • the heat collected from the cabin air conditioning system (K) and battery (B) group via the coolant line (12) is drawn by the two-phase and two- fluid cold heat exchanger (9); its temperature is increased by the cooling compressor (7); and it is transferred to the motor cooling water by condensation in the two-phase and two-fluid hot heat exchanger (5).
  • the heated water passes through the radiator (2) and upon being cooled by means of the radiator fan (3) all waste heat is discharged to the outer environment.
  • the circulation in the hot water line is enabled by the motor cooling system pump (6).
  • the cabin temperature is reduced by the cooling coil (16), and the hated water is delivered from the coil (16) to the two-phase and two-fluid cold heat exchanger (9) by means of the cold water circulation pump (15).
  • the temperature of the hot water here is used for evaporating the pressurized coolant, and the evaporated coolant is expanded on the compressor (7) (by using the compressor as a turbine); and by operating the electric motor coupled to the compressor (7) as a generator, electricity is generated and the batteries (B) are charged.
  • the expanded coolant transfers its temperature to the water on the hot heat exchanger (5) and is liquefied.
  • the liquid coolant is pressurized by the coolant pressurizing pump (14) and delivered to the cold heat exchanger (9) for being evaporated.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a heat pump system for electric vehicles (1); which, in electric vehicles, enables to cool the motor (M) and the battery (B), and enables operation of the cabin air conditioning system; and comprises at least one air conditioning module heating coil (4) which enables to heat the cabin, at least one two-phase and two-fluid hot heat exchanger (5) which collects the waste heat of the motor, at least one two-phase and two-fluid cold heat exchanger (9) which collects the waste heat of the cabin air conditioning system (K) and the battery (B) group, at least one by-pass line (10) and thermostat (11) which deactivate the radiator (2) when the outer environment is cold, at least one cabin air conditioning module fan (13) which, when the vehicle is not running, cools the cabin by transferring the excess heat within the cabin to the coolant, at least one cooling coil (16) which reduces cabin temperature.

Description

HEAT PUMP SYSTEM FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLES
Field of the Invention
The present invention relates a heat pump system for electric vehicles which enables air conditioning of the motor, battery and cabin of the vehicles in electric motor vehicles. Background of the Invention
There are air conditioning system members in vehicles for heating or cooling the vehicle components and the cabin. In vehicles with internal combustion engines, these members are directly connected to operation of the engine.
In electric vehicles, there is no motor which can drive the air conditioning members. Thus, the heating, cooling and air conditioning systems are required to be operated independently. The following techniques are used today for heating electric vehicles.
Electric heating system: It is an inexpensive, simple and applicable method. Electric consumption is completely converted to heat. Only the losses during heat transmission reduce efficiency. However, its energy consumption is too high according to the state of the art. They are inefficient heating systems especially considering the problem of short ranges of the electric vehicles.
Fueled heating systems: This system is expensive and complex due to the requirements of fuel tank and fuel burning members. The fuel system which is normally not provided in electric vehicles also poses a safety risk. It increases weight and cost of the vehicle. It is known that weight and cost values constitute the major problems of electric vehicles in the state of the art. Hot gas heating system: By using gases that do not condense at low temperature, the current cooling system is converted to a gas cycle refrigeration system. Mechanical power of the cooling compressor is converted to thermal power. Energy consumption is very high; and the hot gas system is an additional system to the current cooling system and increases weight, cost and complexity of the vehicle. Integration of this system to the current cooling system requires solution of difficult technical problems. Heat pump systems: This system is a heat system which has high heating efficiency which is frequently used in residential air-conditioning in addition to vehicles. However there are no standard elements suitable for mass production for use in vehicles. Sone of these elements are tube diameter differences for two way coolant transfer, the requirement of redesigning in order to use the evaporator as a condenser, and requirement of four-way valve for cooling system.
United States patent document no. US7789176, an application known in the state of the art, discloses a thermal management system for electric vehicles. The system uses a single heat exchanger for cooling the battery, motor and cabin with 3 different loops.
United States Patent document no. US5305613, another application known in the state of the art, discloses an air conditioning system used in electric vehicles. The heat pump system used for heating or cooling the vehicle comprises three heat exchangers. Upon making selections between the said cycles the vehicle is either heated or cooled. Additionally, it is stated that the cabin be brought to an ideal state by operating a portion of the system before running the vehicle.
Chinese utility model document no. CN202145068, another application known in the state of the art, discloses an electric vehicle air conditioning system using a heat pump. The said system comprises out-vehicle heat exchanger, expansion valves, in- vehicle heat exchanger, a heater, and valves for switching between the refrigeration and heating systems.
Chinese utility model document no. CN202254031, another application known in the state of the art, discloses an air conditioning system for electric vehicles operated by a heat pump. The said system can be operated in 5 different working modes of refrigeration, heating, low temperature heating, wind defrosting/demisting and low-temperature defrosting. Although the motor cooling system values in electric vehicles is suitable for cold water generation system condenser cooling, an additional condenser component is used and this ruins the cost, weight and layout convenience of the system.
The coolant line between the cooling compressor and the air conditioning module makes the cooling system complicated and increases the weight and cost.
Especially in electric vehicles, use of two different expansion valves for the cabin and the battery system makes the system complicated and increases the weight and cost values. Furthermore, a solenoid controlled expansion valve is used for activation and deactivation of them at different times.
Cooling systems operated by photovoltaic batteries are expensive, heavy and complex. The PTC electrical heater system used for heating the cabins and batteries of electric vehicles reduces the range of vehicles by consuming too much energy.
The fuel heating system used for heating the cabins and batteries of electric vehicles is expensive and complicated due to the fuel tank and fuel combustion components. The fuel system which is normally not provided in electric vehicles also poses a safety risk. The hot gas heating system used for heating the cabins and batteries of electric vehicles reduces the range of vehicles by consuming too much energy although it has a very simple structure.
The components required for the heat pump system used for heating the cabin and battery of electric vehicles are expensive and complicated. Commercially, supplying it by mass production is difficult. When the vehicles are in parked position, the vehicle cabin is overheated. This physically damages inside of the vehicle; causes the inside of the vehicle to be manufactured by expensive materials resistant to heat; and causes discomfort upon mounting the vehicle until the vehicle cabin reaches a comfort level. Summary of the Invention
The objective of the present invention is to provide a heat pump system for electric vehicles which enables air conditioning of the motor, battery and cabin in electric motor vehicles.
Another objective of the present invention is to provide a heat pump system for electric vehicles which, in electric vehicles, enables to cool the cabin which gets heated in a stationary vehicle by consuming low energy. A further objective of the present invention is to provide a heat pump system for electric vehicles which performs heating and dehumidification functions by using both the heat drawn from inside the cabin and the heat drawn from the outer environment. Detailed Description of the Invention
The figure provided related to the heat pump for electric vehicles which enables air conditioning of the motor, battery and cabin of the vehicles in electric motor vehicles is given below.
Figure 1 is a schematic view of the heat pump system for electric vehicles of the present invention.
The components shown in the figures are each given reference numbers as follows:
1. Heat pump for electric vehicles
2. Radiator
3. Radiator fan
4. Air conditioning module heating coil
5. Two-phase and two-fluid hot heat exchanger
6. Motor cooling system pump
7. Cooling compressor
8. Expansion valve
9. Two-phase and two-fluid cold heat exchanger
10. By-pass line
11. Thermostat
12. Cabin and battery coolant line
13. Cabin air conditioning module fan
14. Coolant pressurizing pump
15. Cold water circulation pump
16. Cooling coil
17. Single-way valve
M. Motor
B. Battery
K. Cabin air conditioning system A. Vehicle air conditioning and battery cooling system
A heat pump system for electric vehicles (1) of the present invention comprises at least one radiator (2) which cools the heated coolant,
- at least one radiator fan (3) which enables to cool the radiator (2),
at least one air conditioning module heating coil (4) which enables to heat the cabin,
at least one two-phase and two-fluid hot heat exchanger (5) which collects the waste heat of the motor,
- at least one motor cooling system pump (6) which carries out circulation of the motor coolant,
at least one cooling compressor (7) which is in the vehicle air conditioning and battery cooling system (A) and increases temperature of the coolant by pressurizing it,
- at least one expansion valve (8) in the vehicle air conditioning and battery cooling system (A),
at least one two-phase and two-fluid cold heat exchanger (9) which collects the waste heat of the cabin air conditioning system (K) and the battery (B) group,
- at least one by-pass line (10) which deactivates the radiator (2) when the outer environment is cold,
at least one thermostat (11) which deactivates the radiator (2) when the outer environment is cold,
at least one cabin and battery coolant line (12) which carries the coolant coming from the cabin air conditioning system (K) and the battery (B) group,
at least one cabin air conditioning module fan (13) which, when the vehicle is not running, cools the cabin by transferring the excess heat within the cabin to the coolant,
- at least one coolant pressurizing pump (14) which enables flow of the coolant from the hot heat exchanger (5) to the cold heat exchanger (9), at least one cold water circulation pump (15) which delivers the heated water from the coil (16) to the two-phase and two-fluid cold heat exchanger (9),
at least one cooling coil (16) which reduces cabin temperature,
- at least one single way valve (17) which prevents the coolant from leaking back via the expansion valve (8).
The vehicle air conditioning and battery cooling system (A) is a water cooling system, which is standardized in the state of the art, and which is operated by two two-phase and two-fluid heat exchangers.
Electric vehicle electric motor (M) operation temperatures are below the cooling system condenser condensing temperature. Therefore, after the liquid-phase coolant (generally ethylene glycol added water) used for cooling the electric motor (M) leaves the electric motor (M), it is connected to the inlet of the two- phase and two-fluid heat exchanger group (5), and after collecting the waste heat of the motor (M), it also collects the condensing heat of the cooling system, thereby it can bring the heat to a higher value. This value is equal to the engine coolant temperature of an internal combustion engine for general operation points.
The water heated in the heat exchanger (5) is heated by being passed through the heating coil (4) provided in the cabin air conditioning system (K) in the known art. Since a liquid having values near the heating water temperature and flow rate values of the vehicles with internal combustion engines is circulated and since heating capacity of the heating coil (4) is much higher than necessary due to the excessive waste heat value of these vehicles, there is no need for making a change in this component.
The by-pass line (10), and the thermostat (11) system that closes the line going to the radiator (2) at very low ambient temperature, which are used in internal combustion engines, can be used as the same way. This way, the heat collected from the motor (M) and the batteries (B) and all of the heat collected from the cooling system can be used for heating the cabin.
When the outer environment is hot, the by-pass line (10) and the thermostat (11) are deactivated. The heat collected from the cabin air conditioning system (K) and battery (B) group via the coolant line (12) is drawn by the two-phase and two- fluid cold heat exchanger (9); its temperature is increased by the cooling compressor (7); and it is transferred to the motor cooling water by condensation in the two-phase and two-fluid hot heat exchanger (5). The heated water passes through the radiator (2) and upon being cooled by means of the radiator fan (3) all waste heat is discharged to the outer environment. The circulation in the hot water line is enabled by the motor cooling system pump (6).
In summer, when the vehicle is in parked position, the vehicle cabin gets overheated. Temperature difference occurs between the outer environment and the cabin. In order to eliminate this temperature difference, the motor cooling system pump (6) and cabin air conditioning module fan (13) are activated without activation of the vehicle air conditioning and battery cooling system (A). The cooling water is heated by the hot air inside the cabin and it is passed through the radiator (2) and the radiator fan (3) is activated, and the heat inside the cabin is reduced by using a very small amount of energy. Thus both deformation of the plastic members in the vehicle under heat is prevented and the cabin temperature when first mounting the vehicle is ensured not to be at uncomfortable levels. In this case, when the cooling system is operated a short while before mounting the vehicle, the vehicle reaches a comfort level by consuming less electric energy. Since the initial operation load of the vehicle air conditioning and battery cooling system (A) is reduced; use of a high capacity, inefficient, heavy and expensive air conditioning system, which is not always used, is not required. In an alternative embodiment of the invention, the cabin temperature is reduced by the cooling coil (16), and the hated water is delivered from the coil (16) to the two-phase and two-fluid cold heat exchanger (9) by means of the cold water circulation pump (15). The temperature of the hot water here is used for evaporating the pressurized coolant, and the evaporated coolant is expanded on the compressor (7) (by using the compressor as a turbine); and by operating the electric motor coupled to the compressor (7) as a generator, electricity is generated and the batteries (B) are charged.
The expanded coolant transfers its temperature to the water on the hot heat exchanger (5) and is liquefied. The liquid coolant is pressurized by the coolant pressurizing pump (14) and delivered to the cold heat exchanger (9) for being evaporated. There is provided one single way valve (17) in order to prevent the coolant from leaking back via the expansion valve (8).

Claims

A heat pump system for electric vehicles (1), which, in electric vehicles, enables to cool the motor (M) and the battery (B), and enables operation of the cabin air conditioning system, characterized by
at least one radiator (2) which cools the heated coolant,
at least one radiator fan (3) which enables to cool the radiator (2), at least one air conditioning module heating coil (4) which enables to heat the cabin,
at least one two-phase and two-fluid hot heat exchanger (5) which collects the waste heat of the motor,
at least one motor cooling system pump (6) which carries out circulation of the motor coolant,
at least one cooling compressor (7) which is in the vehicle air conditioning and battery cooling system (A) and increases temperature of the coolant by pressurizing it,
at least one expansion valve (8) in the vehicle air conditioning and battery cooling system (A),
at least one two-phase and two-fluid cold heat exchanger (9) which collects the waste heat of the cabin air conditioning system (K) and the battery (B) group,
at least one by-pass line (10) which deactivates the radiator (2) when the outer environment is cold,
at least one thermostat (11) which deactivates the radiator (2) when the outer environment is cold,
at least one cabin and battery coolant line (12) which carries the coolant coming from the cabin air conditioning system (K) and the battery (B) group,
at least one cabin air conditioning module fan (13) which, when the vehicle is not running, cools the cabin by transferring the excess heat within the cabin to the coolant, at least one coolant pressurizing pump (14) which enables flow of the coolant from the hot heat exchanger (5) to the cold heat exchanger (9), at least one cold water circulation pump (15) which delivers the heated water from the coil (16) to the two-phase and two-fluid cold heat exchanger (9),
at least one cooling coil (16) which reduces cabin temperature,
at least one single way valve (17) which prevents the coolant from leaking back via the expansion valve (8).
A heat pump system for electric vehicles (1) according to Claim 1, characterized by the two-phase and two-fluid heat exchanger group (5) that enables the liquid-phase coolant, which is used for cooling the motor (M) and which collects the waste heat of the motor (M), to also collect the condensing heat of the cooling system, and thus brings the heat to a higher value.
A heat pump system for electric vehicles (1) according to Claim 1, characterized by the heating coil (4), which enables to heat the cabin by the water heated in the heat exchanger (5) and which is located in the cabin air conditioning system (K).
A heat pump system for electric vehicles (1) according to Claim 1, characterized by the by-pass line (10) which, at very low ambient temperatures, enables the heat collected from the motor (M) and the batteries (B) and all of the heat collected from the cooling system to be used for heating the cabin, and which closes the line going to the radiator (2).
A heat pump system for electric vehicles (1) according to Claim 1, characterized by the thermostat (11) which, at very low ambient temperatures, enables the heat collected from the motor (M) and the batteries (B) and all of the heat collected from the cooling system to be used for heating the cabin, and which closes the line going to the radiator (2). A heat pump system for electric vehicles (1) according to Claim 1, characterized by the two-phase and two-fluid cold heat exchanger (9) which draws the heat that is collected from the cabin air conditioning system (K) and battery (B) group via the coolant line (12).
A heat pump system for electric vehicles (1) according to Claim 1, characterized by the cabin air conditioning module fan (13) which, when the vehicle is not running, collects the heat inside the cabin, is activated without activation of the vehicle air conditioning and battery cooling system (A), and discharges the heat to the outer environment upon operation of the motor cooling system (6) and the radiator fan (3).
A heat pump system for electric vehicles (1) according to Claim 1, characterized by the compressor (7), which, after the cabin heat is drawn by the two-phase and two-fluid cold heat exchanger (9) and the pressurized coolant is evaporated, rotates when the said evaporated coolant is passed therethrough and thus operates the generator that it is coupled to, and thereby enables to generate electricity in order to charge the batteries (B).
EP15795230.0A 2014-11-12 2015-10-08 Heat pump system for electric vehicles Withdrawn EP3218213A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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TR201413318 2014-11-12
PCT/TR2015/050129 WO2016076809A1 (en) 2014-11-12 2015-10-08 Heat pump system for electric vehicles

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EP3218213A1 true EP3218213A1 (en) 2017-09-20

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