EP3216979A1 - Shuttering system - Google Patents
Shuttering system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3216979A1 EP3216979A1 EP16158965.0A EP16158965A EP3216979A1 EP 3216979 A1 EP3216979 A1 EP 3216979A1 EP 16158965 A EP16158965 A EP 16158965A EP 3216979 A1 EP3216979 A1 EP 3216979A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- formwork
- concrete
- pressure sensors
- pressure
- formwork system
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
- E21D11/105—Transport or application of concrete specially adapted for the lining of tunnels or galleries ; Backfilling the space between main building element and the surrounding rock, e.g. with concrete
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
- E21D11/102—Removable shuttering; Bearing or supporting devices therefor
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D5/00—Lining shafts; Linings therefor
- E21D5/04—Lining shafts; Linings therefor with brick, concrete, stone, or similar building materials
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
- E04G21/02—Conveying or working-up concrete or similar masses able to be heaped or cast
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a formwork system, in particular for tunneling, comprising at least one support arrangement for supporting a formwork comprising a plurality of formwork elements, which formwork system has at least one control for the support of the formwork elements and the concrete supply for the space to be concreted.
- Such a formwork system is from the European patent 2 626 509 known.
- At least two pressure sensors are arranged vertically in different positions on the shuttering element and / or on the support arrangement and connected to the control of the shuttering system.
- the pressure sensors are designed to measure the pressure acting on the shuttering elements due to the concrete poured into the shuttering at at least two different heights of the shuttering element.
- the control system is designed to control the concrete infeeds individually depending on the signal from the pressure sensors. In this way it is possible to detect the concrete pressure acting at different points on the formwork element or preferably a plurality of formwork elements and the control can compare pressure values measured with nominal values by the pressure sensors and individually control the concrete feed so that the concrete pressure at the different points of the concrete Shuttering elements set specifications. In this way, a concrete wall, in particular a concrete vault with predetermined homogeneous material properties in the entire wall or vault area can be produced.
- the support arrangement has at least one hydraulic support carrier for supporting the formwork element and the control is designed to control the force of the support carrier in dependence on the pressure measured in the pressure sensors.
- the pressure can thus be regulated not only on the individual concrete supply, but also on the Abstütztik means of the support beams.
- the pressure sensors need not be provided in the formwork itself, but may be disposed on the force receiving elements of the formwork elements, e.g. at the points where the support structure statically supports the formwork element.
- the entire formwork consists of several formwork elements, as is customary in tunneling, one is able to accurately detect the pressure acting on the individual formwork elements pressure on the support points of the formwork elements and the concrete feeders and / or the supporting force of the hydraulic support beams to control or regulate accordingly.
- the pressure sensor is arranged at the connection point between the support beams and the formwork element and / or the support arrangement.
- Such an arrangement is easy to implement, e.g. by per se known force transducer.
- the pressure sensors are distributed uniformly over the entire surface of the wall and thus over the surface of the formwork elements, if several are used. In this way, a very good pressure distribution of the concrete on the formwork can be detected and possibly readjusted.
- the formwork system includes at least one vibrator, and the controller is designed to control the vibrator as a function of the pressure measured in the pressure sensors.
- the vibrating device can be arranged, for example, in connection with the formwork elements.
- external vibrators can also be provided in connection with the concrete feeders, which influence the viscosity of the supplied concrete.
- a plurality of vibrators are arranged at different locations of the formwork element and the controller is designed to control the vibrator individually as a function of the signals of the pressure sensors.
- the vibrators are arranged evenly distributed over the formwork elements. In this way, a uniform compression can be achieved over the surface of the formwork.
- the controller is designed to control the concrete pump in response to the signals of the pressure sensors.
- Different concrete pumps can be provided for different concrete feeds and the delivery pressure of the concrete pump can be influenced by the pressure exerted by the concrete on the formwork element.
- the at least one concrete pump is connected via at least one distributor device with a plurality of concrete feeders.
- the controller is designed to control the distributor device as a function of the signals from the pressure sensors in order to achieve a homogeneous, predetermined pressure profile and thus desired material properties of the concrete wall created.
- the controller has a screen for displaying the formwork elements and the pressure values measured there.
- a screen for displaying the formwork elements and the pressure values measured there.
- an operator can see which pressure values have been recorded on different parts of the formwork elements and can immediately detect whether the concrete has been supplied in a predetermined manner to the space behind the formwork elements. This is e.g. In the construction of a tunnel vault is extremely important because it must be ensured that the concrete at all points beyond the formwork elements consistently fills the gap between a tunnel wall and the formwork elements and thus is able to meet the required strength properties of the tunnel arch.
- this has at least four formwork elements, which are supported by at least four support beams against the support assembly.
- the four formwork elements are more or less the form the upper semicircle of the tunnel arch.
- the four formwork elements are curved for this purpose and form a vaulted area for a tunnel arch.
- the formwork system preferably has a plurality of horizontally arranged one behind the other support arrangements with their own formwork elements.
- the controller is then designed to control the pressurization of the formwork elements of the individual support arrangements individually as a function of the pressure values of the pressure sensors. In this way, a homogeneous tunnel formwork over a greater length can be produced in one operation, over the area a very good homogeneity of the concrete wall is achieved.
- a concrete wall is constructed in which the pressure acting on the formwork element pressure is determined at different locations by means of pressure sensors and the at least one concrete pump and / or the concrete feed is controlled in response to the signals of the pressure sensors or be.
- care can be taken by the individual control of the concrete feed or the concrete pump (s) that a uniform pressure profile or a predetermined pressure profile over the surface of the formwork elements is achieved, which brings tunnel vault with required strength properties with it.
- the signals of the pressure sensors and vibrators or distribution devices can be controlled between the concrete feeders so as to fill the concrete supply to the individual points between a tunnel wall and the formwork elements as evenly and homogeneously.
- the signals of the pressure sensors are used.
- the signals of other sensors such as e.g. Temperature sensors, optical sensors or chemical sensors for the control of the support assembly, the individual concrete feeders and the vibrators are used.
- the properties of the concrete filled into the formwork can thus be ascertained, evaluated and utilized for the control of the concrete feeders, support arrangement and vibrating devices.
- the controller preferably has a screen, which represents the formwork system area, as well as a Beton Valllan Attache for the different areas of the formwork elements.
- the measured forces are preferably via software evaluated and displayed digitally and visually.
- the controller has an interface for controlling other components, such as a vibrator, as well as for loading the data on external media or on an additional PC. Due to the detected signals of the pressure sensors, the compression control can take place automatically beyond the formwork elements.
- a counter-check is made to the static calculation of the shuttering process.
- the safety for the formwork system as well as for the persons who operate the formwork system is considerably increased. Homogeneous and better tunnel walls are achieved, which optimizes concreting processes.
- the invention achieves the creation of standards compliant concrete walls and vaults.
- the outputs of the controller can also be used for safety systems, if voltage overshoots or pressure peaks at individual points of the formwork elements should be detected.
- the invention contributes to the quality assurance of the building.
- An essential aspect of the invention is that on the targeted control of the concrete pump and / or the concrete supply and / or the at least one vibrating the compression processes of the concrete beyond the formwork elements can be controlled specifically and individually, thus desired material properties of the finished concrete wall or achieve the finished concrete vault.
- a tunnel formwork system usually has a plurality of formwork elements, e.g. four formwork elements distributed over the vault sector and three to six support assemblies in a row, each with four formwork elements, so that in total the system preferably has between ten and fifty formwork elements.
- Fig. 1 shows a tunnel formwork system 10 according to the invention, which is located in a broken tunnel vault 12.
- the tunnel formwork system 10 comprises a support arrangement 14 for supporting a formwork 15, which consists of articulated interconnected formwork elements 16-26 whose outer side is slightly curved and the tunnel vault 12 assigns. Between the outside of the formwork elements 16-26 and the tunnel vault or the Tunneln 12 a void 28 is formed, which is filled with concrete 13.
- the support assembly 14 includes hydraulic support beams 30 to support the formwork members 16-26 with a predetermined pressure against the filled concrete 13.
- the formwork system 10 according to the invention is controlled by a central controller 32, which preferably has a screen 34 for displaying the formwork system of the associated measured values.
- the formwork system 10 further comprises a concrete feed pump 36 with a manifold 38 and concrete pipes 40, which run to individual concrete feeders 42, which in the Fig. 2 and 5 are shown in more detail.
- the central controller 32 is connected to pressure sensors 44, as well as with temperature sensors or Ultrasonic transducer 46, which detect both the pressure acting on the formwork elements 16-26 pressure due to the filled concrete and the temperature of the concrete, so as to give the central control 32 feedback, on the one hand on the density and the degree of filling of the concrete in the space between the Outside of the formwork elements 16-26 and the tunnel wall 12 as well as the chemical reaction in the setting of the concrete, which is associated with a heat generation or a change in density.
- the controller is also connected to a concrete analysis device 48, which evaluates, for example, the setting behavior of a concrete sample and possibly its strength in order to conclude conclusions about the strength and the concrete between the formwork elements 16-26 and the tunnel wall can.
- the controller 32 is connected to the concrete pump 36 as well as to the manifold 38. Further, the controller preferably has a USB port 50, as well as a radio port 52, e.g. Wi-Fi® or Bluetooth®.
- Fig. 1 shown detection of the temperature density and pressure conditions, it is the formwork system possible to control the individual concrete feeders 42 and / or the hydraulic supports 30 such that on the one hand the concrete flows in a desired manner and is compressed, as well as the predetermined pressure conditions correspond to to ensure a desired quality of concrete formwork.
- Fig. 3 also shows the formwork system 10 Fig. 1 , here the connection of the central controller 32 with vibrators 54 is shown.
- the central controller 32 can individually control the individual vibrators 54 as a function of the sensor values in order to effect a targeted compaction of the concrete in the different regions of the tunnel wall 12, in order to ensure as homogeneous a concrete quality as possible over the entire tunnel wall 12.
- Fig. 4 shows the connection of the central controller 32 with mirror difference sensors 56, which may be, for example, pressure sensors, optical sensors, thermal sensors, ultrasonic sensors or chemical sensors. These mirror-difference sensors 56 are uniformly distributed over the outside of the formwork elements 16-26. In this way, it is easily possible, a different level h1, h2 of the concrete 13 on the two sides of the To detect the tunnel wall and to ensure by individual control of the concrete feeders 42 and vibrator 54 that the filling level is even on both sides or is compensated.
- mirror difference sensors 56 may be, for example, pressure sensors, optical sensors, thermal sensors, ultrasonic sensors or chemical sensors.
- Fig. 5 shows the connection of the central controller 32 with the individual concrete feeders 42.
- the concrete pump 36 and the manifold 38 and other unillustrated distribution elements, such as shut-off valves it is possible to supply the concrete specifically to the individual concrete feeders 42 so as to be homogeneous To reach concrete feed.
- Fig. 6 shows the connection of the central controller 32 with pressure transducers 58, which extend evenly over the upper portion of the tunnel formwork, ie on the upper formwork elements 20-24, so that it can be verified by this arrangement of pressure sensors 58, whether the concrete 13 between the tunnel wall 12 and the outside of the formwork elements 16-26 is actually completely filled, which is reflected in corresponding pressure values.
- These pressure sensors can also be designed as hydraulic cylinders that deliver a controllable support pressure for the formwork elements.
- These pressure sensors 58 can therefore also be used for pressure control of the support pressure of the formwork elements 20 to 24.
- FIG. 7 a plan view of the formwork system according to the invention according to the Fig. 1-6 , but in isolation, ie not in operating position in a tunnel vault 12.
- Fig. 8 shows a formwork system 60 for the production of straight walls.
- the formwork system 60 includes a support assembly 62, a central controller 32 with a display 34, a concrete pump 36, possibly a manifold, not shown, optionally a concrete analyzer 48 and a number of planar formwork members 72-78 arranged one above the other and side by side are so as to form a wall of desired size.
- the controller is connected via a first control line 80 with concrete feeders 82. Via a second control line 84, the controller 32 is connected to a temperature sensor or ultrasonic sensor 86. Via a third control line 88 and a fourth control line 90, the controller 32 is connected to pressure transducers 92. To this The central controller 32 detects the pressure conditions as well as the temperature conditions on the concrete 13 side facing the formwork 71, which is formed from the individual shuttering elements 72-78.
- Fig. 9 shows the formwork system 60 Fig. 8 in supervision. It should be noted here that in the figures identical or functionally identical parts are provided with identical reference numerals.
Abstract
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Schalungssystem (10; 60), insbesondere für den Tunnelbau, umfassend wenigstens eine Stützanordnung (14) zur Abstützung von wenigstens einem Schalungselement (16-26; 72-78), welches Schalungssystem ferner wenigstens eine Betonpumpe (36), mehrere Betonzuführungen (42) zu dem Schalungselement und wenigstens eine Steuerung (32) aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass an dem Schalungselement (16-26; 72-78) und/oder an der Stützanordnung (14) wenigstens zwei Drucksensoren (44; 92) an vertikal unterschiedlichen Positionen angeordnet und mit der Steuerung (32) des Schalungssystems verbunden sind, welche Drucksensoren (44; 92) konzipiert sind, den auf die Schalungselemente (16-26; 72-78) einwirkenden Druck an wenigstens zwei unterschiedlichen Höhen des Schalungselements zu messen, und dass die Steuerung (32) konzipiert ist, die Betonzuführungen (42) individuell in Abhängigkeit von dem Signal der Drucksensoren (44; 92) zu steuern. The invention relates to a formwork system (10; 60), in particular for tunneling, comprising at least one support arrangement (14) for supporting at least one formwork element (16-26; 72-78), which formwork system further comprises at least one concrete pump (36) Concrete feeders (42) to the formwork element and at least one controller (32), characterized in that on the formwork element (16-26; 72-78) and / or on the support assembly (14) at least two pressure sensors (44, 92) vertically arranged at different positions and connected to the controller (32) of the formwork system, which pressure sensors (44; 92) are designed to measure the pressure acting on the formwork elements (16-26; 72-78) at at least two different heights of the formwork element and that the controller (32) is designed to control the concrete feeders (42) individually in response to the signal from the pressure sensors (44; 92).
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Schalungssystem, insbesondere für den Tunnelbau, umfassend wenigstens eine Stützanordnung zur Abstützung einer aus mehreren Schalungselementen bestehenden Schalung, welches Schalungssystem wenigstens eine Steuerung für die Abstützung der Schalungselemente und die Betonzufuhr für den zu betonierenden Raum aufweist.The present invention relates to a formwork system, in particular for tunneling, comprising at least one support arrangement for supporting a formwork comprising a plurality of formwork elements, which formwork system has at least one control for the support of the formwork elements and the concrete supply for the space to be concreted.
Ein derartiges Schalungssystem ist aus dem europäischen Patent
Es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung, das gattungsgemäße Schalungssystem derart weiterzubilden, dass individuelle Verhältnisse bei der Erstellung einer Betonwand, insbesondere eines Betongewölbes besser berücksichtigt werden können.It is an object of the invention to develop the generic formwork system such that individual circumstances in the creation of a concrete wall, in particular a concrete vault can be better taken into account.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch ein Schalungssystem mit den Merkmalen des Anspruches 1 gelöst. Diese Aufgabe wird des Weiteren durch ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Anspruches 15 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der zugeordneten abhängigen Ansprüche. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind ebenfalls in der Beschreibung und in den Zeichnungen offenbart.This object is achieved by a formwork system with the features of claim 1. This object is further achieved by a method having the features of
Erfindungsgemäß sind an dem Schalungselement und/oder an der Stützanordnung wenigstens zwei Drucksensoren vertikal in unterschiedlichen Positionen angeordnet und mit der Steuerung des Schalungssystems verbunden. Die Drucksensoren sind konzipiert, den aufgrund des in die Schalung eingefüllten Betons auf die Schalungselemente einwirkenden Druck an wenigstens zwei unterschiedlichen Höhen des Schalungselements zu messen. Die Steuerung ist konzipiert, die Betonzuführungen individuell in Abhängigkeit von dem Signal der Drucksensoren zu steuern. Auf diese Weise ist es möglich, den an unterschiedlichen Stellen auf das Schalungselement bzw. vorzugsweise mehrere Schalungselemente einwirkenden Betondruck zu erfassen und die Steuerung kann durch die Drucksensoren gemessenen Druckwerte mit Sollwerten vergleichen und die Betonzuführung individuell so ansteuern, dass der Betondruck an den unterschiedlichen Stellen der Schalungselemente gesetzten Vorgaben entspricht. Auf diese Weise kann eine Betonwand, insbesondere ein Betongewölbe mit vorgegebenen homogenen Materialeigenschaften in dem gesamten Wand- oder Gewölbebereich hergestellt werden.According to the invention, at least two pressure sensors are arranged vertically in different positions on the shuttering element and / or on the support arrangement and connected to the control of the shuttering system. The pressure sensors are designed to measure the pressure acting on the shuttering elements due to the concrete poured into the shuttering at at least two different heights of the shuttering element. The control system is designed to control the concrete infeeds individually depending on the signal from the pressure sensors. In this way it is possible to detect the concrete pressure acting at different points on the formwork element or preferably a plurality of formwork elements and the control can compare pressure values measured with nominal values by the pressure sensors and individually control the concrete feed so that the concrete pressure at the different points of the concrete Shuttering elements set specifications. In this way, a concrete wall, in particular a concrete vault with predetermined homogeneous material properties in the entire wall or vault area can be produced.
In einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der Erfindung hat die Stützanordnung wenigstens einen hydraulischen Stützträger zur Abstützung des Schalungselements und die Steuerung ist konzipiert, die Kraft des Stützträgers in Abhängigkeit von dem in den Drucksensoren gemessenen Druck zu steuern. Der Druck kann somit nicht nur über die individuelle Betonzuführung, sondern auch über den Abstützdruck mittels der Stützträger einreguliert werden. Zudem müssen die Drucksensoren nicht in der Schalung selbst vorgesehen sein, sondern können an den Kraftaufnahmeelementen der Schalungselemente angeordnet sein, z.B. an den Punkten, an denen die Trägerstruktur statisch das Schalungselement abstützt. Insbesondere, wenn die gesamte Schalung aus mehreren Schalungselementen besteht, wie das beim Tunnelbau üblich ist, ist man so in der Lage über die Abstützpunkte der Schalungselemente den auf die einzelnen Schalungselemente einwirkenden Druck genau zu erfassen und die Betonzuführungen und/oder die Abstützkraft der hydraulischen Stützträgern entsprechend zu steuern bzw. zu regulieren.In an advantageous development of the invention, the support arrangement has at least one hydraulic support carrier for supporting the formwork element and the control is designed to control the force of the support carrier in dependence on the pressure measured in the pressure sensors. The pressure can thus be regulated not only on the individual concrete supply, but also on the Abstützdruck means of the support beams. In addition, the pressure sensors need not be provided in the formwork itself, but may be disposed on the force receiving elements of the formwork elements, e.g. at the points where the support structure statically supports the formwork element. In particular, if the entire formwork consists of several formwork elements, as is customary in tunneling, one is able to accurately detect the pressure acting on the individual formwork elements pressure on the support points of the formwork elements and the concrete feeders and / or the supporting force of the hydraulic support beams to control or regulate accordingly.
In einer technisch einfachen Ausführungsform ist der Drucksensor an dem Verbindungspunkt zwischen dem Stützträgern und dem Schalungselement und/oder der Stützanordnung angeordnet. Eine derartige Anordnung ist leicht zu realisieren, z.B. durch an sich bekannte Kraftaufnehmer.In a technically simple embodiment, the pressure sensor is arranged at the connection point between the support beams and the formwork element and / or the support arrangement. Such an arrangement is easy to implement, e.g. by per se known force transducer.
Vorzugsweise sind mehrere, insbesondere eine Vielzahl von Drucksensoren flächig verteilt über das Schalungselement angeordnet. Vorzugsweise sind die Drucksensoren gleichmäßig über die gesamte Fläche der Wand und damit über die Fläche der Schalungselemente angeordnet, wenn mehrere verwendet werden. Auf diese Weise kann eine sehr gute Druckverteilung des Betons auf die Schalung erfasst und evtl. nachreguliert werden.Preferably, several, in particular a plurality of pressure sensors distributed over the formwork element arranged. Preferably, the pressure sensors are arranged uniformly over the entire surface of the wall and thus over the surface of the formwork elements, if several are used. In this way, a very good pressure distribution of the concrete on the formwork can be detected and possibly readjusted.
Vorzugsweise enthält das Schalungssystem wenigstens eine Rütteleinrichtung und die Steuerung ist konzipiert, die Rütteleinrichtung in Abhängigkeit von dem in den Drucksensoren gemessenen Druck zu steuern. Auf diese Weise kann in Bereichen, in welchen der auf die Schalung einwirkende Betondruck zu niedrig ist, durch nachrüttelt des Betons in den Bereichen erzielt werden, dass der Betondruck zunimmt. Die Rütteleinrichtung kann z.B. in Verbindung mit den Schalungselementen angeordnet sein. Es können jedoch auch Außenrüttler in Verbindung mit den Betonzuführungen vorgesehen werden, die Einfluss auf die Viskosität des zugeführten Betons nehmen.Preferably, the formwork system includes at least one vibrator, and the controller is designed to control the vibrator as a function of the pressure measured in the pressure sensors. In this way, in areas where the concrete pressure acting on the formwork is too low, shake-ups of the concrete in the areas can be achieved so that the concrete pressure increases. The vibrating device can be arranged, for example, in connection with the formwork elements. However, external vibrators can also be provided in connection with the concrete feeders, which influence the viscosity of the supplied concrete.
Vorzugsweise sind mehrere Rütteleinrichtungen an unterschiedlichen Stellen des Schalungselements angeordnet und die Steuerung ist konzipiert, die Rütteleinrichtung individuell in Abhängigkeit von den Signalen der Drucksensoren zu steuern. Auf diese Weise kann ein vorgegebenes Druckprofil des Betons auf die Schalungselemente erreicht werden, das zu gewünschten homogenen Festigkeitseigenschaften der erstellten Betonwand über die Fläche führt. Vorzugsweise sind die Rütteleinrichtungen flächig gleichmäßig über die Schalungselemente verteilt angeordnet. Auf diese Weise kann über die Fläche der Schalung eine gleichmäßige Verdichtung erzielt werden.Preferably, a plurality of vibrators are arranged at different locations of the formwork element and the controller is designed to control the vibrator individually as a function of the signals of the pressure sensors. In this way, a predetermined pressure profile of the concrete can be achieved on the formwork elements, which leads to desired homogeneous strength properties of the created concrete wall over the surface. Preferably, the vibrators are arranged evenly distributed over the formwork elements. In this way, a uniform compression can be achieved over the surface of the formwork.
In einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist die Steuerung konzipiert, die Betonpumpe in Abhängigkeit von den Signalen der Drucksensoren zu steuern. So können z.B. für unterschiedliche Betonzuführungen unterschiedliche Betonpumpen vorgesehen sein und über den Förderdruck der Betonpumpe kann Einfluss genommen werden auf den Druck, den der Beton auf das Schalungselement ausübt.In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the controller is designed to control the concrete pump in response to the signals of the pressure sensors. Thus, e.g. Different concrete pumps can be provided for different concrete feeds and the delivery pressure of the concrete pump can be influenced by the pressure exerted by the concrete on the formwork element.
Vorzugsweise ist die wenigstens eine Betonpumpe über wenigstens eine Verteilereinrichtung mit mehreren Betonzuführungen verbunden. Die Steuerung ist in diesem Fall dazu konzipiert, die Verteilereinrichtung in Abhängigkeit von den Signalen der Drucksensoren zu steuern, um auf diese Weise ein homogenes, vorgegebenes Druckprofil und damit gewünschte Materialeigenschaften der erstellten Betonwand zu erzielen.Preferably, the at least one concrete pump is connected via at least one distributor device with a plurality of concrete feeders. In this case, the controller is designed to control the distributor device as a function of the signals from the pressure sensors in order to achieve a homogeneous, predetermined pressure profile and thus desired material properties of the concrete wall created.
Vorzugsweise weist die Steuerung einen Bildschirm zur Darstellung der Schalungselemente und der dort gemessenen Druckwerte auf. Auf diese Weise kann ein Operator sehen, welche Druckwerte an unterschiedlichen Teilen der Schalungselemente aufgenommen wurden und kann sogleich erfassen, ob der Beton in vorgegebener Weise dem Raum hinter den Schalungselementen zugeführt worden ist. Dies ist z.B. bei der Erstellung eines Tunnelgewölbes äußerst wichtig, da sichergestellt werden muss, dass der Beton an allen Stellen jenseits der Schalungselemente durchgängig den Zwischenraum zwischen einer Tunnelwand und den Schalungselementen ausfüllt und damit in der Lage ist, den geforderten Festigkeitseigenschaften des Tunnelgewölbes zu genügen.Preferably, the controller has a screen for displaying the formwork elements and the pressure values measured there. In this way, an operator can see which pressure values have been recorded on different parts of the formwork elements and can immediately detect whether the concrete has been supplied in a predetermined manner to the space behind the formwork elements. This is e.g. In the construction of a tunnel vault is extremely important because it must be ensured that the concrete at all points beyond the formwork elements consistently fills the gap between a tunnel wall and the formwork elements and thus is able to meet the required strength properties of the tunnel arch.
In einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung des erfindungsgemäßen Schalungssystems hat dieses zumindest vier Schalungselemente, die durch wenigstens vier Stützträger gegen die Stützanordnung abgestützt sind. Eine derartige Anordnung ist somit für ein Tunnelgewölbe sinnvoll, wobei die vier Schalungselemente mehr oder weniger den oberen Halbkreis des Tunnelgewölbes bilden. Vorzugsweise sind hierfür die vier Schalungselemente gewölbt und bilden eine Gewölbefläche für ein Tunnelgewölbe.In an advantageous development of the formwork system according to the invention this has at least four formwork elements, which are supported by at least four support beams against the support assembly. Such an arrangement is thus useful for a tunnel vault, the four formwork elements more or less the form the upper semicircle of the tunnel arch. Preferably, the four formwork elements are curved for this purpose and form a vaulted area for a tunnel arch.
Da eine Tunnelschalung in der Regel sehr lang ist, hat das erfindungsgemäße Schalungssystem vorzugsweise mehrere horizontal hintereinander angeordnete Stützanordnungen mit eigenen Schalungselementen. Die Steuerung ist dann konzipiert, die Druckbeaufschlagung der Schalungselemente der einzelnen Stützanordnungen individuell in Abhängigkeit von den Druckwerten der Drucksensoren zu steuern. Auf diese Weise kann eine homogene Tunnelschalung über eine größere Länge in einem Vorgang hergestellt werden, wobei über die Fläche eine sehr gute Homogenität der Betonwand erzielt wird.Since a tunnel formwork is usually very long, the formwork system according to the invention preferably has a plurality of horizontally arranged one behind the other support arrangements with their own formwork elements. The controller is then designed to control the pressurization of the formwork elements of the individual support arrangements individually as a function of the pressure values of the pressure sensors. In this way, a homogeneous tunnel formwork over a greater length can be produced in one operation, over the area a very good homogeneity of the concrete wall is achieved.
In einem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren, das das erfindungsgemäße Schalungssystem nutzt, wird eine Betonwand errichtet, in der mittels Drucksensoren der auf das Schalungselement wirkende Druck an unterschiedlichen Stellen ermittelt wird und die wenigstens eine Betonpumpe und/oder die Betonzuführung in Abhängigkeit von den Signalen der Drucksensoren gesteuert wird bzw. werden. Auf diese Weise kann durch die individuelle Steuerung der Betonzuführung bzw. der Betonpumpe(n) dafür Sorge getragen werden, dass ein gleichmäßiges Druckprofil oder ein vorgegebenes Druckprofil über die Fläche der Schalungselemente erzielt wird, was Tunnelgewölbe mit geforderten Festigkeitseigenschaften mit sich bringt.In a method according to the invention which uses the formwork system according to the invention, a concrete wall is constructed in which the pressure acting on the formwork element pressure is determined at different locations by means of pressure sensors and the at least one concrete pump and / or the concrete feed is controlled in response to the signals of the pressure sensors or be. In this way, care can be taken by the individual control of the concrete feed or the concrete pump (s) that a uniform pressure profile or a predetermined pressure profile over the surface of the formwork elements is achieved, which brings tunnel vault with required strength properties with it.
Durch die Signale der Drucksensoren lassen sich auch Rütteleinrichtungen bzw. Verteilereinrichtungen zwischen den Betonzuführungen ansteuern, um so die Betonzuführung zu den individuellen Stellen zwischen einer Tunnelwand und den Schalungselementen möglichst gleichmäßig und homogen zu füllen.By the signals of the pressure sensors and vibrators or distribution devices can be controlled between the concrete feeders so as to fill the concrete supply to the individual points between a tunnel wall and the formwork elements as evenly and homogeneously.
Neben den Signalen der Drucksensoren können auch die Signale anderer Sensoren wie z.B. Temperatursensoren, optischer Sensoren oder chemischer Sensoren für die Steuerung der Stützanordnung, der individuellen Betonzuführungen und der Rütteleinrichtungen verwendet werden.In addition to the signals of the pressure sensors, the signals of other sensors such as e.g. Temperature sensors, optical sensors or chemical sensors for the control of the support assembly, the individual concrete feeders and the vibrators are used.
Durch die Erfindung können somit die Eigenschaften des in die Schalung eingefüllten Betons festgestellt, ausgewertet und für die Steuerung der Betonzuführungen, Stützanordnung und Rütteleinrichtungen genutzt werden. Zur besseren Bedienung hat die Steuerung vorzugsweise einen Bildschirm, der das Schalungssystem flächig darstellt, als auch eine Betonfüllanzeige für die unterschiedlichen Bereiche der Schalungselemente. Die gemessenen Kräfte werden vorzugsweise über eine Software ausgewertet und digital sowie visuell angezeigt. Vorzugsweise hat die Steuerung eine Schnittstelle zur Ansteuerung weiterer Komponenten, wie z.B. eine Rütteleinrichtung, als auch zum Aufspielen der Daten auf externe Datenträger bzw. auf einen zusätzlichen PC. Aufgrund der erfassten Signale der Drucksensoren kann die Verdichtungssteuerung jenseits der Schalungselemente automatisch erfolgen.By means of the invention, the properties of the concrete filled into the formwork can thus be ascertained, evaluated and utilized for the control of the concrete feeders, support arrangement and vibrating devices. For better operation, the controller preferably has a screen, which represents the formwork system area, as well as a Betonfüllanzeige for the different areas of the formwork elements. The measured forces are preferably via software evaluated and displayed digitally and visually. Preferably, the controller has an interface for controlling other components, such as a vibrator, as well as for loading the data on external media or on an additional PC. Due to the detected signals of the pressure sensors, the compression control can take place automatically beyond the formwork elements.
Man hat durch die Erfindung eine Gegenkontrolle zur statischen Berechnung des Schalungsprozesses. Die Sicherheit für das Schalungssystem als auch für die Personen, die das Schalungssystem bedienen wird beträchtlich erhöht. Es werden homogenere und bessere Tunnelwände erzielt, wodurch die Abläufe beim Betonieren optimiert werden. Durch die Erfindung wird die Erstellung von Normen konformen Betonwänden und Gewölben erreicht. Die Ausgänge der Steuerung können auch für Sicherheitssysteme genutzt werden, wenn Spannungsüberhöhung oder Drucküberhöhungen an einzelnen Stellen der Schalungselemente erfasst werden sollten. Die Erfindung trägt zur Qualitätssicherung des Bauwerks bei.By means of the invention, a counter-check is made to the static calculation of the shuttering process. The safety for the formwork system as well as for the persons who operate the formwork system is considerably increased. Homogeneous and better tunnel walls are achieved, which optimizes concreting processes. The invention achieves the creation of standards compliant concrete walls and vaults. The outputs of the controller can also be used for safety systems, if voltage overshoots or pressure peaks at individual points of the formwork elements should be detected. The invention contributes to the quality assurance of the building.
Ein wesentlicher Aspekt der Erfindung besteht darin, dass über die gezielte Steuerung der Betonpumpe und/oder der Betonzuführung und/oder der wenigstens einen Rütteleinrichtung die Verdichtungsprozesse des Betons jenseits der Schalungselemente gezielt und individuell gesteuert werden können, um somit gewünschte Materialeigenschaften der fertigen Betonwand bzw. des fertigen Betongewölbes zu erzielen.An essential aspect of the invention is that on the targeted control of the concrete pump and / or the concrete supply and / or the at least one vibrating the compression processes of the concrete beyond the formwork elements can be controlled specifically and individually, thus desired material properties of the finished concrete wall or achieve the finished concrete vault.
Es ist für den Fachmann offensichtlich, dass die einzelnen Komponenten der Erfindung einfach oder mehrfach vorgesehen werden können bzw. diese können auch als integrierte Einheit oder verteilt an mehreren Stellen ausgebildet sein. Die Steuerung kann mehrere Rechner umfassen, die über die Länge des Tunnels verteilt sind. Ebenso weist üblicherweise ein Tunnelschalungssystem eine Vielzahl von Schalungselementen auf, z.B. vier Schalungselemente über dem Gewölbesektor verteilt und drei bis sechs Stützanordnungen hintereinander mit jeweils vier Schalungselementen, so dass insgesamt die Anlage vorzugsweise zwischen zehn und fünfzig Schalungselemente aufweist.It is obvious to a person skilled in the art that the individual components of the invention can be provided simply or multiply, or they can also be designed as an integrated unit or distributed at several locations. The controller may include multiple computers distributed throughout the length of the tunnel. Similarly, a tunnel formwork system usually has a plurality of formwork elements, e.g. four formwork elements distributed over the vault sector and three to six support assemblies in a row, each with four formwork elements, so that in total the system preferably has between ten and fifty formwork elements.
Folgende Ausdrücke werden synonym verwendet: Rütteleinrichtung - Rüttler; Druckaufnehmer - Drucksensor; Temperaturaufnehmer - TemperatursensorThe following expressions are used synonymously: vibrator - vibrator; Pressure transducer - pressure sensor; Temperature sensor - temperature sensor
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend beispielsweise anhand der schematischen Zeichnungen beschrieben. In dieser zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- eine stirnseitige Ansicht auf ein erfindungsgemäßes Tunnelschalungssystem,
- Fig. 2
- einen Schnitt II-II aus
Fig. 1 , - Fig. 3
- eine Ansicht gemäß
Fig. 1 mit einer Ansteuerung von Rütteleinrichtungen, - Fig. 4
- eine Ansicht gemäß
Fig. 1 mit einer Spiegeldifferenzstandskontrolle, - Fig. 5
- eine Ansicht gemäß
Fig. 1 mit einer individuellen Ansteuerung von Betonzuführungen, - Fig. 6
- eine Ansteuerung gemäß
Fig. 1 mit einer zentralen Erfassung und Auswertung von Drucksensoren, - Fig. 7
- eine Ansicht VII aus
Fig. 1 , - Fig. 8
- eine stirnseitige Ansicht einer zweiten Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Schalungssystems zur Herstellung von ebenen Wänden,
- Fig. 9
- eine Ansicht auf das Schalungssystem gemäß
Fig. 8 von oben.
- Fig. 1
- an end view of a tunnel formwork system according to the invention,
- Fig. 2
- a section II-II
Fig. 1 . - Fig. 3
- a view according to
Fig. 1 with a control of vibrators, - Fig. 4
- a view according to
Fig. 1 with a mirror differential control, - Fig. 5
- a view according to
Fig. 1 with an individual control of concrete feeders, - Fig. 6
- a control according to
Fig. 1 with central recording and evaluation of pressure sensors, - Fig. 7
- a view VII from
Fig. 1 . - Fig. 8
- a front view of a second embodiment of a formwork system according to the invention for the production of flat walls,
- Fig. 9
- a view of the formwork system according to
Fig. 8 from above.
Die Steuerung 32 ist selbstverständlich mit der Betonpumpe 36 verbunden, als auch mit der Verteilereinrichtung 38. Des Weiteren hat die Steuerung vorzugsweise einen USB-Anschluss 50, als auch einen Funkanschluss 52, z.B. Wi-Fi® oder Bluetooth®.Of course, the
Durch die in
Schließlich zeigt
Die Erfindung kann von der dargestellten Ausführungsform abweichen, die somit nicht als begrenzend für den Erfindungsgedanken verstanden werden soll. Die Erfindung kann innerhalb des Schutzbereichs der nachfolgenden Ansprüche beliebig variiert werden.The invention may deviate from the illustrated embodiment, which should therefore not be construed as limiting the inventive concept. The invention may be varied as desired within the scope of the following claims.
- 1010
- TunnelschalungssystemTunnel formwork system
- 1212
- Tunnelwand - TunnelgewölbeTunnel wall - tunnel vault
- 1313
- Betonschichtconcrete layer
- 1414
- Stützanordnungsupport assembly
- 1515
- Schalungformwork
- 16-2616-26
- Schalungselementeformwork elements
- 2828
- Leerraumwhitespace
- 3030
- Stützzylinder/StützträgerSupporting cylinder / support beam
- 3232
- zentrale Steuerungcentral control
- 3434
- Bildschirmscreen
- 3636
- BetonförderpumpeConcrete pump
- 3838
- Verteilereinrichtungdistribution facility
- 4040
- Betonleitungenconcrete pipes
- 4242
- Betonzuführungen in die SchalungConcrete feeds into the formwork
- 4444
- DruckaufnehmerPressure transducer
- 4646
- Temperaturaufnehmer/UltraschallsensorenTemperature sensor / ultrasonic sensors
- 4848
- BetonanalyseeinrichtungConcrete analysis means
- 5050
- USB- oder sonstiges InterfaceUSB or other interface
- 5252
- Wi-Fi oder WLAN-TransmitterWi-Fi or wireless transmitter
- 5454
- RüttlerJogger
- 5656
- Sensorensensors
- 5858
- DruckaufnehmerPressure transducer
- 6060
- Schalungssystem für ebene WändeFormwork system for level walls
- 7171
- Ebene SchalungLevel formwork
- 8080
- erste Steuerleitungfirst control line
- 8282
- Betonzuführungconcrete feed
- 8484
- zweite Steuerleitungsecond control line
- 8686
- Temperatursensor/UltraschallsensorTemperature Sensor / Transducer
- 8888
- dritte Steuerleitungthird control line
- 9090
- vierte Steuerleitungfourth control line
- 9292
- Drucksensorpressure sensor
Claims (17)
Priority Applications (2)
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EP16158965.0A EP3216979B1 (en) | 2016-03-07 | 2016-03-07 | Shuttering system |
US15/450,799 US9945229B2 (en) | 2016-03-07 | 2017-03-06 | Formwork system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP16158965.0A EP3216979B1 (en) | 2016-03-07 | 2016-03-07 | Shuttering system |
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Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP3216979A1 true EP3216979A1 (en) | 2017-09-13 |
EP3216979B1 EP3216979B1 (en) | 2019-05-08 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
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EP16158965.0A Active EP3216979B1 (en) | 2016-03-07 | 2016-03-07 | Shuttering system |
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US (1) | US9945229B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3216979B1 (en) |
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EP3216979B1 (en) | 2019-05-08 |
US9945229B2 (en) | 2018-04-17 |
US20170254202A1 (en) | 2017-09-07 |
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