EP3216498A1 - Device for marking the technical area of a bench in a football stadium - Google Patents
Device for marking the technical area of a bench in a football stadium Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3216498A1 EP3216498A1 EP15857704.9A EP15857704A EP3216498A1 EP 3216498 A1 EP3216498 A1 EP 3216498A1 EP 15857704 A EP15857704 A EP 15857704A EP 3216498 A1 EP3216498 A1 EP 3216498A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- bench
- ground
- marking
- technical area
- energy absorbing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B71/00—Games or sports accessories not covered in groups A63B1/00 - A63B69/00
- A63B71/06—Indicating or scoring devices for games or players, or for other sports activities
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B71/00—Games or sports accessories not covered in groups A63B1/00 - A63B69/00
- A63B71/02—Games or sports accessories not covered in groups A63B1/00 - A63B69/00 for large-room or outdoor sporting games
- A63B71/023—Supports, e.g. poles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63C—SKATES; SKIS; ROLLER SKATES; DESIGN OR LAYOUT OF COURTS, RINKS OR THE LIKE
- A63C19/00—Design or layout of playing courts, rinks, bowling greens or areas for water-skiing; Covers therefor
- A63C19/06—Apparatus for setting-out or dividing courts
- A63C19/062—Slalom gate poles, posts or marking sticks for sport fields
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
- G09F17/00—Flags; Banners; Mountings therefor
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
- G09F23/00—Advertising on or in specific articles, e.g. ashtrays, letter-boxes
- G09F23/0066—Advertising on or in specific articles, e.g. ashtrays, letter-boxes on sports articles, e.g. golf clubs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B71/00—Games or sports accessories not covered in groups A63B1/00 - A63B69/00
- A63B71/02—Games or sports accessories not covered in groups A63B1/00 - A63B69/00 for large-room or outdoor sporting games
- A63B71/023—Supports, e.g. poles
- A63B71/028—Floor sockets for removable poles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63C—SKATES; SKIS; ROLLER SKATES; DESIGN OR LAYOUT OF COURTS, RINKS OR THE LIKE
- A63C2203/00—Special features of skates, skis, roller-skates, snowboards and courts
- A63C2203/20—Shock or vibration absorbing
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
- G09F17/00—Flags; Banners; Mountings therefor
- G09F2017/0083—Safety flags
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a device for marking the technical area of a bench in a football stadium.
- the current delimitation of the technical area by means of lines in the ground is not able to provide additional functionalities, such as for example being used as an advertising medium or support.
- the device of the invention has a constitution which optimally remedies the drawbacks described.
- the device comprises placement means on the ground, at least, one marker extension and an energy absorbing element in the event of impact with a player or occupant of the bench or the sideline.
- marker extension As a marker extension is understood that it extends or rises from the ground, which allows its visualization without directing the view to the ground.
- a marker extension By placing a plurality of these devices, ideally one in each vertex of said technical area, the same will be perfectly delimited, although they could also be put in intermediate positions between such vertices, on the boundary lines.
- the device incorporates areas or elements capable of carrying advertising, so that the collection by this end can cover all or part of the installation of the device of the invention.
- the device (1) for marking the technical area (2) of a bench (3) in a football stadium (30) of the invention comprises placement means (6a, 6b) in the ground (10), at least, one marker extension (7) and an energy absorbing element (9a, 9b, 9c).
- the marker extension (7) can take any form that improves its appreciation by persons occupying the bench (3), such that any exit from the technical area (2) is evidently voluntary. Therefore, such marker extension (7) by way of non-limiting examples can take the form of post, box, barrier, etc. In the examples shown in Figs. 3 to 5 , it mainly takes the form of a post.
- the placement means in the ground (10) may comprise, in a first preferred variant of embodiment, an insertable point (6a) on the ground (10) (see Figs. 3 and 4 ).
- the energy absorbing element (9a, 9b) is located between the point (6a) and the marker extension 7, so that in the event of a knock-down of the device (1) by a player, not shown, no part of the point (6a) is on the ground and the energy absorbing element is the one that dissipates the energy of the collision.
- the energy absorbing element may be a recoverable flexible member (9a) (see Fig. 3 ) and/or a removable coupling (9b) (see Fig. 4 ). Therefore, the recoverable flexible member (9a) and the removable coupling (9b) can also be combined in a single energy absorbing element, although this combined variant is not shown in the figures.
- the placement means in the ground (10) comprise a simple support base (6b) in the ground (10).
- the energy absorbing element would comprise the simple support (9c) on the ground (10), arranged on the support base (6b) (see Fig. 5 ), that in the event of a knock-down of the device (1) would not make a retention in the same that could be harmful to the player who has collided with it.
- the device (1) comprises advertising surfaces (12, 12a, 12b), which may be arranged in visible portions of the placement means (6a, 6b) in the ground (10), and/or of the marker extension (7) and/or of the energy absorbing element (9a, 9b, 9c).
- the advertising surfaces may comprise the contour (12) of the placement means (6a, 6b) in the ground (10) and/or the marker extension (7) and/or the energy absorbing element (9a, 9b, 9c).
- Fig. 3 shows how they comprise the contour (12) of the maker extension (7) in this particular example.
- the advertising surfaces may comprise enlargements (12a) performed in the placement means (6a, 6b) in the ground (10) and/or in the marker extension (7) and/or in the energy absorbing element (9a, 9b, 9c).
- enlargements (12a) equally performed in the marker extension (7).
- a further alternative or complementary embodiment to the foregoing advertising surfaces comprises rigid or flexible portions (12b) attached to the placement means (6a, 6b) in the ground (10) and/or of the marker extension (7) and/or the energy absorbing element (9a, 9b, 9c). Specifically in Fig. 5 , these portions (12b) are appreciated attached to hooks (17) provided in the marker extension (7).
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Portable Nailing Machines And Staplers (AREA)
- Facsimile Scanning Arrangements (AREA)
- Protection Of Plants (AREA)
- Hooks, Suction Cups, And Attachment By Adhesive Means (AREA)
- Refuge Islands, Traffic Blockers, Or Guard Fence (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- The present invention relates to a device for marking the technical area of a bench in a football stadium.
- In the football stadium benches, there are delimited regulatory technical areas, with rectangular shape and specific dimensions, in order to limit the space where occupations and/or movements can take place by the occupants of said bench, all of this with the aim of avoiding indiscriminate circulation outside such technical areas which may lead to confusion, disadvantage and even discomfort or provocations with the bench of the opposing team or the public, or the invasion of the playing field itself.
- These technical areas are delimited by lines normally discontinuous drawn in the terrain or on the grass of said ground, reason why an excess of attention or tension of the occupants of the bench on the events that happen in the playing field often obviates its perception, not being able to look simultaneously at the ground and what happens on the playing field. In these cases the involuntary exit of the technical area can occur, and then the regulation has a regime of sanctions that can affect the occupants of the bench undeservedly.
- On the other hand, the current delimitation of the technical area by means of lines in the ground is not able to provide additional functionalities, such as for example being used as an advertising medium or support.
- The device of the invention has a constitution which optimally remedies the drawbacks described.
- According to the invention, the device comprises placement means on the ground, at least, one marker extension and an energy absorbing element in the event of impact with a player or occupant of the bench or the sideline.
- As a marker extension is understood that it extends or rises from the ground, which allows its visualization without directing the view to the ground. By placing a plurality of these devices, ideally one in each vertex of said technical area, the same will be perfectly delimited, although they could also be put in intermediate positions between such vertices, on the boundary lines.
- In addition, it has been envisaged that the device incorporates areas or elements capable of carrying advertising, so that the collection by this end can cover all or part of the installation of the device of the invention.
-
-
Fig. 1 shows a view of a football stadium with its benches and technical areas. -
Fig. 2 shows a detail of one of the technical areas of a bench, where the placement of the device of the invention is appreciated. -
Figs. 3, 4 and 5 show three variants of the device of the invention. - The device (1) for marking the technical area (2) of a bench (3) in a football stadium (30) of the invention comprises placement means (6a, 6b) in the ground (10), at least, one marker extension (7) and an energy absorbing element (9a, 9b, 9c).
- The marker extension (7) can take any form that improves its appreciation by persons occupying the bench (3), such that any exit from the technical area (2) is evidently voluntary. Therefore, such marker extension (7) by way of non-limiting examples can take the form of post, box, barrier, etc. In the examples shown in
Figs. 3 to 5 , it mainly takes the form of a post. - Placing a plurality of devices (1), each of which in one of the four vertices (5) of the technical area (2), is therefore optimally marked the same.
- The placement means in the ground (10) may comprise, in a first preferred variant of embodiment, an insertable point (6a) on the ground (10) (see
Figs. 3 and 4 ). In these variants, the energy absorbing element (9a, 9b) is located between the point (6a) and themarker extension 7, so that in the event of a knock-down of the device (1) by a player, not shown, no part of the point (6a) is on the ground and the energy absorbing element is the one that dissipates the energy of the collision. In these cases, the energy absorbing element may be a recoverable flexible member (9a) (seeFig. 3 ) and/or a removable coupling (9b) (seeFig. 4 ). Therefore, the recoverable flexible member (9a) and the removable coupling (9b) can also be combined in a single energy absorbing element, although this combined variant is not shown in the figures. - Another variant of embodiment envisages that the placement means in the ground (10) comprise a simple support base (6b) in the ground (10). In this case, the energy absorbing element would comprise the simple support (9c) on the ground (10), arranged on the support base (6b) (see
Fig. 5 ), that in the event of a knock-down of the device (1) would not make a retention in the same that could be harmful to the player who has collided with it. - Additionally, the invention provides that the device (1) comprises advertising surfaces (12, 12a, 12b), which may be arranged in visible portions of the placement means (6a, 6b) in the ground (10), and/or of the marker extension (7) and/or of the energy absorbing element (9a, 9b, 9c).
The advertising surfaces may comprise the contour (12) of the placement means (6a, 6b) in the ground (10) and/or the marker extension (7) and/or the energy absorbing element (9a, 9b, 9c).Fig. 3 shows how they comprise the contour (12) of the maker extension (7) in this particular example. - Alternatively or in addition, the advertising surfaces may comprise enlargements (12a) performed in the placement means (6a, 6b) in the ground (10) and/or in the marker extension (7) and/or in the energy absorbing element (9a, 9b, 9c). In
Fig. 4 , there are appreciated such enlargements (12a) equally performed in the marker extension (7). - A further alternative or complementary embodiment to the foregoing advertising surfaces comprises rigid or flexible portions (12b) attached to the placement means (6a, 6b) in the ground (10) and/or of the marker extension (7) and/or the energy absorbing element (9a, 9b, 9c). Specifically in
Fig. 5 , these portions (12b) are appreciated attached to hooks (17) provided in the marker extension (7). - Having sufficiently described the nature of the invention, as well as the manner in which is realized in the practice, it should be noted that the provisions indicated and represented above in the accompanying drawings are susceptible to modifications of detail insofar as they do not alter the fundamental principle.
Claims (11)
- Device (1) for marking the technical area (2) of a bench (3) in a football stadium (30), characterized in that it comprises placement means (6a, 6b) in the ground (10), at least, one marker extension (7), and an energy absorbing element (9a, 9b, 9c) in case of impact.
- Device (1) for marking the technical area (2) of a bench (3) in a football stadium (30) according to claim 1, characterized in that the placement means in the ground (10) comprise an insertable point (6a) in the ground (10).
- Device (1) for marking the technical area (2) of a bench (3) in a football stadium (30) according to claim 2, characterized in that the energy absorbing element (9a, 9b) is located between the point (6a) and the marker extension (7).
- Device (1) for marking the technical area (2) of a bench (3) in a football stadium (30) according to claim 3, characterized in that the energy absorbing element is selected from:a recoverable flexible member (9a) and/ora removable coupling (9b).
- Device (1) for marking the technical area (2) of a bench (3) in a football stadium (30) according to claim 1, characterized in that the placement means in the ground (10) comprise a support base (6b) in the ground (10).
- Device (1) for marking the technical area (2) of a bench (3) in a football stadium (30) according to claim 5, characterized in that the energy absorbing element comprise a simple support (9c) on the ground (10), arranged on the support base (6b).
- Device (1) for marking the technical area (2) of a bench (3) in a football stadium (30) according to any of preceding claims, characterized in that it further comprises advertising surfaces (12, 12a, 12b), which are arranged in visible parts of the placement means (6a, 6b) in the ground (10) and/or the marker extension (7) and/or the energy absorbing element (9a, 9b, 9c).
- Device (1) for marking the technical area (2) of a bench (3) in a football stadium (30) according to claim 7, characterized in that the advertising surfaces comprise the contour (12) of the placement means (6a, 6b) in the ground (10) and/or of the marker extension (7) and/or the energy absorbing element (9a, 9b, 9c).
- Device (1) for marking the technical area (2) of a bench (3) in a football stadium (30) according to any of claims 7 or 8, characterized in that the advertising surfaces comprise enlargements (12a) performed in the placement means (6a, 6b) in the ground (10) and/or in the marker extension (7) and/or in the energy absorbing element (9a, 9b, 9c).
- Device (1) for marking the technical area (2) of a bench (3) in a football stadium (30) according to any of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that the advertising surfaces comprise portions (12b) attached to the placement means (6a, 6b) in the ground (10) and/or to the marker extension (7) and/or the energy absorbing element (9a, 9b, 9c).
- Device (1) for marking the technical area (2) of a bench (3) in a football stadium (30) according to claim 10, characterized in that the placement means (6a, 6b) in the ground (10) and/or to the marker extension (7) and/or the energy absorbing element (9a, 9b, 9c) comprise hooks (17) for attachment of portions (12b) constituting the advertising surfaces.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES201400900U ES1134530Y (en) | 2014-11-04 | 2014-11-04 | Device for signaling the technical area of a football field bench |
| PCT/ES2015/070786 WO2016071550A1 (en) | 2014-11-04 | 2015-11-03 | Device for marking the technical area of a bench in a football stadium |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3216498A1 true EP3216498A1 (en) | 2017-09-13 |
| EP3216498A4 EP3216498A4 (en) | 2018-06-27 |
Family
ID=52004095
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP15857704.9A Ceased EP3216498A4 (en) | 2014-11-04 | 2015-11-03 | Device for marking the technical area of a bench in a football stadium |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP3216498A4 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES1134530Y (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2016071550A1 (en) |
Family Cites Families (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2576321A (en) * | 1947-11-10 | 1951-11-27 | Charles F Volz | Football side line marker |
| US3067717A (en) * | 1961-06-01 | 1962-12-11 | Edward T Imparato | Protable resilient marker |
| DE2814896A1 (en) * | 1977-04-28 | 1978-11-02 | Gianfranco De Vittori | FLAG POLE |
| FR2580688B1 (en) * | 1985-04-22 | 1989-06-09 | Aguera Christian | ARTICULATED TUBULAR POLE FOR THE MARKING OF SKI SLOPES, SPORTS GROUNDS OR THE LIKE |
| US5040478A (en) * | 1988-05-05 | 1991-08-20 | Flexstake, Inc. | Bendable marker with signage protection feature |
| US5186119A (en) * | 1992-05-01 | 1993-02-16 | Markers, Inc. | Modular marking system for athletic fields |
| JP2000259107A (en) * | 1999-03-08 | 2000-09-22 | Veneer Shoten:Kk | Banner |
| US20080092796A1 (en) * | 2006-10-23 | 2008-04-24 | Laivins Kenneth T | Disposable flag |
| DE102007051197A1 (en) * | 2007-10-25 | 2009-04-30 | Marc Gallo | Marking device i.e. football goal marking device, for use in playing field, has multi-section marking bar with partial bars that are connected by joint, where partial bars are movable between assembling position and transporting position |
| US20090193700A1 (en) * | 2008-02-01 | 2009-08-06 | Owen Flannery | Distance marking device for a golf course |
| CN201558495U (en) * | 2009-12-18 | 2010-08-25 | 冯新宇 | Two-section type combined training rod |
| US8177185B2 (en) * | 2010-02-03 | 2012-05-15 | Wind Gear Direct, Llc | Flag pole assembly |
| ES1076288Y (en) * | 2011-11-30 | 2012-05-23 | Trade Kiss And Business S L | HEIGHT ADVERTISING SUPPORT DEVICE FOR FOOTBALL FIELDS. |
| ES1080804Y (en) * | 2013-04-01 | 2013-08-30 | Trade Kisses And Business S L | Advertising support for soccer goals and the like |
| CN103272380B (en) * | 2013-05-15 | 2015-09-16 | 江苏金陵体育器材股份有限公司 | For the corner flag in football pitch |
-
2014
- 2014-11-04 ES ES201400900U patent/ES1134530Y/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2015
- 2015-11-03 EP EP15857704.9A patent/EP3216498A4/en not_active Ceased
- 2015-11-03 WO PCT/ES2015/070786 patent/WO2016071550A1/en not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ES1134530U (en) | 2014-12-10 |
| WO2016071550A1 (en) | 2016-05-12 |
| ES1134530Y (en) | 2015-03-03 |
| EP3216498A4 (en) | 2018-06-27 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| EP3426097A4 (en) | CUSHION COVER WITH HIGH RELIEF GRAPHIC ELEMENT HAVING A SINGLE TENANT AND CUSHIONS USING THE SAME | |
| EP3724930A4 (en) | ELECTROLUMINESCENT STACKED STRUCTURE AND INCLUDING DISPLAY DEVICE | |
| EP3525714A4 (en) | HEADPHONES AND DEVICE COMPRISING A COVERING ELEMENT | |
| EP2487551A3 (en) | RFID Triggered Personal Athletic Device | |
| USD775989S1 (en) | Illuminatable signage device | |
| EP3464994A4 (en) | BACKLIGHT BASED ON DIFFRACTION MULTI-BEAM ELEMENTS | |
| EP3451661A4 (en) | THREE DIMENSIONAL IMAGING DEVICE AND ELECTRONIC DEVICE COMPRISING SAME | |
| EP3704963A4 (en) | OPTICAL MODULE AND AEROSOL GENERATION DEVICE INCLUDING IT | |
| EP3429383A4 (en) | ADAPTABLE SHAPE PROTECTIVE HELMET COMPRISING AN INTEGRATED FASTENING SYSTEM AND A REMOVABLE COVER | |
| Warrens | Equivalences of weighted kappas for multiple raters | |
| EP2901038A4 (en) | DEVICE FOR SUSPENSION OF AGRICULTURAL EQUIPMENT AND AGRICULTURAL EQUIPMENT COMPRISING SUCH A SUSPENSION DEVICE | |
| EP3809380A4 (en) | EXCHANGE DEVICE BETWEEN A GAME TOKEN AND A CURRENCY | |
| EP3216498A1 (en) | Device for marking the technical area of a bench in a football stadium | |
| US8745918B2 (en) | Garden bedding system | |
| USD684977S1 (en) | Electronic device case | |
| USD739022S1 (en) | X-ray marker | |
| USD776362S1 (en) | Sports equipment | |
| FR2988259B1 (en) | PERFECTIONAL LEVELING DEVICE AND AGRICULTURAL MACHINE EQUIPPED WITH SUCH A DEVICE | |
| WO2014162028A1 (en) | Advertising vehicle for football goals and the like | |
| KR20150100179A (en) | A tree protection stand | |
| Latham et al. | Planning And Goal Setting As Change | |
| FR3068254B1 (en) | WHEEL EXERCISE DEVICE | |
| ITUB201565150U1 (en) | SUPPORT POLE, FOR PROTECTIVE NETS OF A SKI TRACK, WITH MEANS OF INDICATORS OF THE DEPTH OF PLANTING OF THE SUPPORTING POLE IN THE SNOW, AND CORRESPONDING PROTECTIVE NET OF SKI SLOPES | |
| 陈永亮 | Romanticism and John Keats’ Newly-typed Short Lyrical Poems | |
| Walker | Open Letter on Life |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
| 17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20170508 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR |
|
| AX | Request for extension of the european patent |
Extension state: BA ME |
|
| DAV | Request for validation of the european patent (deleted) | ||
| DAX | Request for extension of the european patent (deleted) | ||
| RAP1 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: TRADE KISSES AND BUSINESS, S.L |
|
| RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: VIZCAINO FERNANDEZ, MANUEL |
|
| A4 | Supplementary search report drawn up and despatched |
Effective date: 20180528 |
|
| RIC1 | Information provided on ipc code assigned before grant |
Ipc: A63B 71/02 20060101ALI20180522BHEP Ipc: A63C 19/06 20060101ALI20180522BHEP Ipc: A63B 71/06 20060101AFI20180522BHEP Ipc: G09F 17/00 20060101ALI20180522BHEP Ipc: G09F 19/22 20060101ALN20180522BHEP |
|
| 17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20190705 |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R003 |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION HAS BEEN REFUSED |
|
| 18R | Application refused |
Effective date: 20201219 |