EP3179485A1 - Câble coaxial haute puissance - Google Patents

Câble coaxial haute puissance Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3179485A1
EP3179485A1 EP16002409.7A EP16002409A EP3179485A1 EP 3179485 A1 EP3179485 A1 EP 3179485A1 EP 16002409 A EP16002409 A EP 16002409A EP 3179485 A1 EP3179485 A1 EP 3179485A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coaxial cable
bundles
conductor
individual wires
bundle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP16002409.7A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3179485B1 (fr
Inventor
Sven Beermann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Schmidt Hochstromtechnik GmbH
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Schmidt Hochstromtechnik GmbH
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Publication of EP3179485A1 publication Critical patent/EP3179485A1/fr
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B9/00—Power cables
    • H01B9/001—Power supply cables for the electrodes of electric-welding apparatus or electric-arc furnaces
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/30—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form with arrangements for reducing conductor losses when carrying alternating current, e.g. due to skin effect
    • H01B7/303—Conductors comprising interwire insulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B9/00—Power cables
    • H01B9/04—Concentric cables

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a coaxial cable for the transmission of high currents in the range of several hundred to several thousand amps at high frequencies, especially in the kilohertz range, with a first electrical conductor for a first current phase and a coaxially arranged second electrical conductor for a second current phase, respectively are formed by a number of annularly arranged bundles of a plurality of mutually insulated individual wires, wherein between the first and second conductor is an elastic insulating layer to prevent a flashover.
  • the invention relates to a cable for transmitting high electrical power up to the megawatt range.
  • Such Hoch inskoaxialrait are known and are mainly used for industrial induction heating, for example, when melting, tempering or tempering of steel, in the high currents between 1,000-15,000 amps at high frequency usually from 4 kHz to 150 kHz, in extreme cases even up to 400 kHz via the cable. This must be done with minimal power losses.
  • Today's cables have both a high tendency to inductive and ohmic losses.
  • the skin effect occurring at high frequencies leads to high voltage drops in the cable. An effective skin effect reduction does not exist until today.
  • the generic coaxial cable such that the bundles of the first and / or second electrical conductor form a mesh.
  • the bundles are thus blurred, i. regularly entwined.
  • the coaxial cable's inductive losses and skin effect are reduced, resulting in better power utilization of the coaxial cable, and ultimately, more power can be transported to the consumer.
  • the individual wires are preferably made of copper, since copper has a low resistivity. As a result, the ohmic losses of the coaxial cable are low.
  • each bundle in the braid in its direction of extension alternately cross two other bundles and cross each other. This simplifies the production compared to a braid in which each bundle alternately only crosses and undercuts another bundle due to the plurality of bundles. Intersecting bundles can lie in a braid angle between 30 ° and 60 °.
  • the isolation of the individual wires can be formed for example by a lacquer. This isolation is crucial for reducing the skin effect. Since the insulation of the individual wires is not an insulation against flashovers in the event of potential differences, the paint used can be an electrical paint commonly used in the construction of coils and transformers. A varnish for insulation forms a very thin layer, so that the diameter of the individual wires is not appreciably increased.
  • each bundle is wound around the longitudinal axis of the respective bundle, as is the case with a cable.
  • the bundles remain bundles during processing or braiding and the individual wires do not separate.
  • the individual wires may have a diameter of 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm.
  • the bundles can have a large number, for example 20 to 60 such individual wires. The smaller the diameter, the more individual wires can be used with the same conductor cross-section and the more single wires are used, the more the current can be split, and the lower the skin effect.
  • the first and / or the second electrical conductor of bundles of a plurality of mutually insulated individual wires may be formed, which are arranged in two concentric circles, wherein the bundles of the two circles each form their own mesh.
  • the elastic insulating layer is made of EPDM (ethylene-propylene-diene rubber).
  • EPDM ethylene-propylene-diene rubber
  • This material is characterized by high insulation properties, so that the thickness of the insulating layer with the same insulation performance as in the prior art, may be lower. This, in turn, causes the first and second electrical conductors to be closer together, thereby reducing inductive loss.
  • the electrical conductors are hot.
  • the first and second electrical conductors preferably lie in a liquid-flowable chamber.
  • the insulating layer can separate a first liquid-permeable chamber from a second liquid-permeable chamber.
  • FIG. 1 shows a coaxial cable 1 for transmitting high currents in the kiloampere range, in particular in the range of several hundred to several thousand amps, at high frequencies in the kilohertz range, with a first electrical conductor 4 for a first phase of current and a second coaxial to this arranged second electrical conductor 7 for a second Current phase, each formed by a number of annularly arranged bundles 4a, 7a of a plurality of individual wires, wherein between the first and second conductors 4, 7 is an elastic insulating layer 5, 6 for preventing a flashover.
  • a coaxial cable is state of the art.
  • Water-cooled coaxial cables are mainly used in industrial induction heating, for example in melting, tempering or tempering steel).
  • a particular requirement in this area is that high currents (1,000-15,000 amperes) with very high frequency (i.d.R 4-150 kHz, in extreme cases up to 400 kHz) must be routed to the induction heater.
  • household electricity has only a current of a few amperes and a frequency of 50 Hz.
  • the inner spiral 2 is formed by a thick wire which extends helically around the cable axis, as shown in FIG. 5 you can see. It supports the first electrical conductor 4, hereinafter also called inner conductor 4, from.
  • the inner conductor 4 consists of a plurality of circularly arranged around the inner spiral 3 bundles 4a.
  • Each bundle 4a in turn consists of a plurality of individual wires made of copper, also referred to below as copper wires. Copper is used here because it has a very low resistance and is therefore a very good conductor.
  • the diameter of each copper wire is 0.2mm.
  • the copper wires are wound along the longitudinal extent of the respective bundle 4a, so that each bundle 4a is formed in the manner of a rope.
  • the bundles 4a are therefore also referred to as Kupferseilbündel.
  • the cavity 2 is not needed for electrical reasons, since it is not penetrated by the current. However, it serves as a cooling water pipe and thus ensures more efficient heat dissipation.
  • the inner cavity 1 and the annular space in which the cable collars 4a of the inner conductor are located together form an inner cooling water chamber 9.
  • the elastic insulating layer 5 which here comprises an inner cooling tube 5 and a radially outside of the cooling tube 5 applied layer 6.
  • the cooling hose 5 surrounds the inner conductor 4 annular and limits the inner cooling water chamber 9 to the outside.
  • the second conductor 7, hereinafter referred to as the outer conductor 7, which consists of a plurality of circularly arranged bundles 7a, which in turn are formed from a plurality of individual wires.
  • the bundles 7a of the second conductor 7 may be formed equal to those of the first conductor 4, so that it is also possible here to speak of copper wires and copper wire bundles 7a.
  • the outer conductor 7 is located in an outer cooling water chamber 10 in the form of an annular space.
  • An outer cooling hose 8 bounds the outer cooling water chamber 10 radially outward. This forms the outermost layer of the coaxial cable 1. It thus isolates the cable electrically and protects against mechanical and chemical action.
  • the insulating layer i. the inner cooling tube 5 together with its externally applied layer, fulfill the task of a dielectric and separate the two current phases in the second conductor 7 and the first conductor 4 from each other. In addition, they separate the two cooling water chambers 9, 10 from each other.
  • Both the inner cooling water chamber 9, ie the inner cavity 2 together with the space around the inner conductor 4, as well as the outer cooling water chamber 10, ie the space around the outer conductor 7 are flowed through cooling water, due to the high current, the high frequency and the herein to be able to deduce the resulting heat from the skin effect.
  • This cooling ability is also a decisive factor for the power efficiency of such a cable 1. Because the more heat can be dissipated, the more current can be passed through such a cable 1.
  • FIG. 3 shows the electrical standard circuit diagram for a coaxial cable 1, in which a consumer 11, for example in the form of an induction furnace, which is electrically substantially a coil, between the inner conductor 4 and the outer conductor 7 is connected.
  • the inner conductor 4 and the outer conductor 7 can each lead a current phase of a three-phase voltage network, wherein the phases 120 ° may be shifted from each other.
  • the illustrated prior art involves various disadvantages:
  • the cables have 1 inductive losses, which today average about 10% voltage drop (based on the usual lengths used). This is partly due to the skin effect, which is always present, ie it is only a relatively small proportion of the actual conductor cross-sections used for the passage of electricity. It is estimated that this proportion is on average only around 20% in the relevant frequency band today. Conversely, this means that almost 80% of the cable cross section is actually not used for the current flow. On the other hand, too little insulation is to blame. Because due to little high-impedance insulating fabric inserts in the cooling hoses used for the insulation 5, 8 wide distances between the inner conductor 4 and the outer conductor 7 must be selected to prevent flashovers. However, if the two conductors 4, 7 were closer together, the electromagnetic fields generated by the respective conductor 4, 7 would be more extinguished, so that less energy flows into these fields. Thus, for maximum conduction efficiency, a minimum distance would be required.
  • the voltage drop due to the inductive loss is about 79 V and due to the ohmic resistance about 13V.
  • the coaxial cable 1 forms the coaxial cable according to FIG. 1 Now further to the effect that the individual wires are insulated against each other and the bundles 4a, 7a of the first and second electrical conductors 4, 7 form a braid 12, which leads to advantages in various points.
  • FIG. 4 shows a plan view of the braid 12, from which the second conductor 7 is formed.
  • the braid 12 is of particular importance.
  • This causes the electromagnetic fields around the individual bundles to weaken, which in turn contributes to the reduction of inductive losses.
  • the individual bundles 4a, 7a are not covered separately. This has the advantage that they are not fixed in their cross-sectional shape. Thus, the individual wires in the cross section of the bundles 4a, 7a viewed not circularly arranged but approximately oval. That that the bundles 4a, 7a are rather flat, which is an effect of the axial train on the coaxial cable or on the respective braid 12. As a result, the bundles 4a, 7a are close to each other, so that there are no open stitches.
  • the braid 12 causes a total of an absolutely dense electromagnetic field with low scattering effect, which also reduces the inductive losses of the coaxial cable 1.
  • FIG. 1 make clear, if one considers that in circular bundles 4a, 7a free spaces forming gussets between two adjacent bundles 4a, 7a and the insulating layer 5, 6 lie.
  • circular bundles 4a, 7a as in FIG. 1 corresponds to the radial thickness of the electrical conductors 4, 7 respectively the diameter of the bundles 4a, 7a, wherein between two adjacent bundles 4a, 7a each of the electrical conductors 4, 7 are unused gussets.
  • the individual individual wires of the bundles 4a, 7a of the first and second conductors 4, 7 are each homogeneously distributed on the corresponding electrical conductors 4, 7 bearing ring in the cross section of the coaxial cable 1, so that almost fully the entire radial thickness of respective annular space is filled with the individual wires.
  • This causes the radial thickness of the respective annular space with braided bundles 4a, 7a according to FIG FIG. 4 is smaller at the same conductor cross-section, as in the case of the round bundles 4a, 7a in FIG. 1 ,
  • the radial distance is decisive for the height of the inductive losses, so that the inductive losses are reduced to a minimum due to the braid-related smaller conductor spacing.
  • the braid 12 from bundles 4a, 7a of the first and / or second electrical conductor 4, 7 also leads to a reduction of the skin effect and consequently to an increase in the current-carrying cross-sectional area, so that the coaxial cable 1 lead more power / power to the load 11 can, as comparable cables according to the prior art.
  • the distance of each bundle 4a, 7a from the axis of the coaxial cable 1 varies approximately sinusoidally in the radial direction. If a bundle 4a, 7a crosses another bundle, it lies radially further outward, if it crosses another bundle, it lies radially further inside.
  • the distance of each bundle 4a, 7a of the one electrical conductor 4, 5 in the direction of extension also changes relative to the other electrical conductor 7, 4.
  • each Bundle is rather the sum of individual wires, from which a current-apart from the axial end-can not flow out. This means that the current at the high frequencies can not "collect” on the surface of a bundle, but at most on the surface of a wire. Overall, the effective current used by the cross section of the electrical conductors 4, 7 is thereby increased.
  • the insulating layer 5, 6 between the first electrical conductor 4 and the second electrical conductor 7 by a tube made of EPDM (ethylene-propylene-diene rubber).
  • EPDM ethylene-propylene-diene rubber
  • FIG. 5 shows an embodiment of a coaxial cable 1 according to the invention in a perspective view, with a partially schematic representation selected and a portion of the cable 1 is cut to recognize the internal structure, which is substantially the structure in the FIGS. 1 and 2 equivalent.
  • the axial end of the coaxial cable 1 has a connection head 13 for connecting the cable 1 to a load 11 or a voltage source, for example a transformer. In the connection head, the current is fed into the individual bundles 4a, 7a of the first and second electrical conductors 4, 7.
  • FIG. 5 Schematically are in FIG. 5 the layers forming the first and second electrical conductors 4, 7 are each formed by a number of annularly arranged bundles 4a, 7a of a plurality of mutually insulated individual wires.
  • the layers are formed according to the invention as a braid 12.
  • FIGS. 5a and 5b An enlarged and schematic representation of two exemplary braid structures is shown in FIGS. 5a and 5b shown.
  • FIG. 5a shows a simple mesh structure in which each bundle 4a, 7a alternately covers and bridges a single crossing bundle 4a, 7a.
  • FIG. 5b shows FIG. 4 in which each bundle 4a, 7a alternately overlaps and bridges two crossing bundles 4a, 7a.
  • each bundle is represented by three individual wires, although each bundle consists of a plurality of individual wires.
  • both the inner conductor 4 and the outer conductor 7 each consist of two braids 12.
  • the first and the second electrical conductors 4, 7 are each formed from bundles 4a, 7a, which are arranged in two concentric circles.
  • the bundles 4, 7a of the two circles each form their own braid 12. Consequently, there are two braids 12 one above the other.
  • the outer conductor 7 has an inner braid 7.1 and an outer braid 7.2 and the inner conductor 4, an inner braid 4.1 and an outer braid 4.2. While a single braid, for example, leads to a cross-section of 70mm 2, the conductor cross section can be doubled by a second braid layer for example to 140mm. 2
  • the coaxial cable according to the invention can be adapted to any application, so that neither an expensive over-sizing nor a risky undersizing can take place.

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EP16002409.7A 2015-12-11 2016-11-14 Câble coaxial haute puissance Active EP3179485B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102015016088.5A DE102015016088A1 (de) 2015-12-11 2015-12-11 Hochleistungskoaxialkabel

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3179485A1 true EP3179485A1 (fr) 2017-06-14
EP3179485B1 EP3179485B1 (fr) 2019-10-09

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EP16002409.7A Active EP3179485B1 (fr) 2015-12-11 2016-11-14 Câble coaxial haute puissance

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EP (1) EP3179485B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102015016088A1 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3624141A1 (fr) * 2018-09-14 2020-03-18 BRUGG eConnect AG Ligne individuelle pouvant être refroidie et câble de charge
EP3651166A1 (fr) * 2018-11-06 2020-05-13 The Esab Group, Inc. Tuyau de câble doté d'un blindage conducteur contre les interférences électromagnétiques
EP3882929A1 (fr) * 2020-03-16 2021-09-22 BRUGG eConnect AG Ligne individuelle pouvant être refroidie et câble de charge
CN114464350A (zh) * 2021-12-24 2022-05-10 无锡辰安光电有限公司 一种线缆及其线缆挤出成型工艺系统

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR943162A (fr) * 1947-02-27 1949-03-01 Perfectionnements aux câbles électriques
US5298682A (en) * 1992-08-20 1994-03-29 Wireworld By David Salz, Inc. Optimized symmetrical coaxial cable
EP0823766A1 (fr) * 1996-08-07 1998-02-11 Sumitomo Wiring Systems, Ltd. Câble refroidi pour charge de véhicule électrique
JPH1040745A (ja) * 1996-07-26 1998-02-13 Sumitomo Wiring Syst Ltd リッツ線を用いた同芯ケーブル
DE202010006735U1 (de) * 2010-05-12 2010-08-05 Ernst & Engbring Gmbh & Co. Kg Leiteranordnung

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB578186A (en) * 1941-02-03 1946-06-19 Edward Cecil Cork Improvements in or relating to electric cables
DE2352808A1 (de) * 1973-10-20 1975-04-30 Kabel Metallwerke Ghh Fluessigkeitsgekuehltes hochstromkabel, insbesondere anschlusskabel fuer elektrische lichtbogen-schmelzoefen
US5374782A (en) * 1993-07-01 1994-12-20 Taylor; John A. Stranded annular conductors
FR2950728B1 (fr) * 2009-09-30 2012-08-17 Nexans Cable electrique a moyenne ou haute tension

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR943162A (fr) * 1947-02-27 1949-03-01 Perfectionnements aux câbles électriques
US5298682A (en) * 1992-08-20 1994-03-29 Wireworld By David Salz, Inc. Optimized symmetrical coaxial cable
JPH1040745A (ja) * 1996-07-26 1998-02-13 Sumitomo Wiring Syst Ltd リッツ線を用いた同芯ケーブル
EP0823766A1 (fr) * 1996-08-07 1998-02-11 Sumitomo Wiring Systems, Ltd. Câble refroidi pour charge de véhicule électrique
DE202010006735U1 (de) * 2010-05-12 2010-08-05 Ernst & Engbring Gmbh & Co. Kg Leiteranordnung

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3624141A1 (fr) * 2018-09-14 2020-03-18 BRUGG eConnect AG Ligne individuelle pouvant être refroidie et câble de charge
WO2020053104A1 (fr) * 2018-09-14 2020-03-19 BRUGG eConnect AG Ligne unique refroidissable et câble de chargement
EP3651166A1 (fr) * 2018-11-06 2020-05-13 The Esab Group, Inc. Tuyau de câble doté d'un blindage conducteur contre les interférences électromagnétiques
US10964451B2 (en) 2018-11-06 2021-03-30 The Esab Group Inc. Cable hose with conductive electromagnetic interference shield
EP3882929A1 (fr) * 2020-03-16 2021-09-22 BRUGG eConnect AG Ligne individuelle pouvant être refroidie et câble de charge
WO2021185703A1 (fr) * 2020-03-16 2021-09-23 BRUGG eConnect AG Ligne individuelle pouvant être refroidie et câble de charge
EP4242046A3 (fr) * 2020-03-16 2023-11-22 BRUGG eConnect AG Câble de charge
EP4242047A3 (fr) * 2020-03-16 2023-11-29 BRUGG eConnect AG Câble de charge et de ligne unique pouvant être refroidi
CN114464350A (zh) * 2021-12-24 2022-05-10 无锡辰安光电有限公司 一种线缆及其线缆挤出成型工艺系统
CN114464350B (zh) * 2021-12-24 2023-12-15 无锡辰安光电有限公司 一种线缆及其线缆挤出成型工艺系统

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Publication number Publication date
DE102015016088A1 (de) 2017-06-14
EP3179485B1 (fr) 2019-10-09

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