EP3156643A1 - Method for producing control panels of a hydraulic machine - Google Patents
Method for producing control panels of a hydraulic machine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3156643A1 EP3156643A1 EP16187567.9A EP16187567A EP3156643A1 EP 3156643 A1 EP3156643 A1 EP 3156643A1 EP 16187567 A EP16187567 A EP 16187567A EP 3156643 A1 EP3156643 A1 EP 3156643A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- control plate
- notch
- embossing
- control
- relief
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 210000003734 kidney Anatomy 0.000 claims description 45
- 238000004049 embossing Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010720 hydraulic oil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009760 electrical discharge machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010705 motor oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010349 pulsation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003252 repetitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03C—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINES DRIVEN BY LIQUIDS
- F03C1/00—Reciprocating-piston liquid engines
- F03C1/02—Reciprocating-piston liquid engines with multiple-cylinders, characterised by the number or arrangement of cylinders
- F03C1/06—Reciprocating-piston liquid engines with multiple-cylinders, characterised by the number or arrangement of cylinders with cylinder axes generally coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
- F03C1/0636—Reciprocating-piston liquid engines with multiple-cylinders, characterised by the number or arrangement of cylinders with cylinder axes generally coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having rotary cylinder block
- F03C1/0644—Component parts
- F03C1/0655—Valve means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B1/00—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
- F04B1/12—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
- F04B1/20—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having rotary cylinder block
- F04B1/2014—Details or component parts
- F04B1/2042—Valves
Definitions
- the invention relates to a manufacturing method for a control plate for a hydraulic machine, in particular an axial piston machine. Furthermore, the present invention comprises an axial piston machine, in particular an axial piston pump or axial piston motor, with at least one control plate which has been manufactured according to the method on which the invention is based.
- Control plates of hydraulic machines serve to control the hydraulic or pneumatic flows within the machine.
- the control plate provides several openings, also referred to as kidneys, the resulting volume flows depend on the rotation angle of the control plate.
- the kidneys are further fine control elements, usually in the form of notches and continuous openings provided.
- the required control plate is mounted between connecting plate and engine cylinder on the drive shaft.
- variable stimuli occur which differ in the amount, direction or point of application of non-constant forces and moments on the mechanical side as well as the flow rate and pressure pulsation on the hydraulic side.
- the openings of the high-pressure kidneys have hitherto been machined by conventional drilling, erosion or similar methods.
- Relief and control notches are also machined by grinding, milling, EDM or similar processes.
- machining processes mean a significant overhead, especially for complex shapes and fine control elements, since extremely small tools, such as a very small cutter head, are needed. The latter, however, extremely problematic or even impossible, since the raw material used for the control plates due to the heavy load in an axial piston pump must be extremely resistant to material loss and thus the durability of a small tool in said application is not given.
- the core idea of the present invention is that holes for the production of the control plate are largely avoided.
- it is instead proposed to first manufacture a control plate blank of metal, which is subsequently reworked by means of non-cutting production, ie its basic shape is modified by chipless production.
- the modification preferably comprises the introduction of openings and / or kidneys and / or any fine control elements.
- the blank in its basic form may be plate-shaped or disk-shaped. Preferably, this is first cut out of a metal material.
- other forms and manufacturing methods for the blank are conceivable.
- the non-cutting finishing of the control plate blank can be completely or at least largely dispensed with machining processes for the modification of its geometry.
- the non-cutting production offers possibilities for far-reaching modifications of the openings or notches to be provided.
- the non-cutting production in particular forms of fine control elements are conceivable, which are not possible by machining processes due to the problems mentioned above or can be implemented only at a considerable additional expense.
- the post-processing of the control plate comprises the production of one or more through the control plate through openings.
- openings are known as kidneys, in particular high-pressure or suction kidneys.
- the introduction of a centering opening by chipless machining is conceivable, which is arranged centrally in the control plate.
- the centering opening serves to receive a drive shaft of the hydraulic machine.
- one or more relief openings can be introduced by the method.
- control plate can be provided in the post-processing with at least one fixing cutout, preferably in the form of a groove-like recess on the peripheral edge of the control plate.
- the fixing cutout serves on the one hand for fixing against unintentional rotation of the control plate relative to the axial piston machine, in particular with respect to the connection plate of the machine.
- the fixation cutout is also suitable as an assembly aid, in that the recess serves as a guide for a projecting bolt of the connecting plate.
- the non-cutting machining is carried out by embossing or pre-stamping with simultaneous material displacement.
- An advantage of this production variant is that the material is compacted at the machined points of the control plate blank by the embossing / embossing, whereby the material strength increases at the corresponding material locations.
- the material compaction also causes alignment of the metal fibers, which also causes an increase in component strength. In total, this increases the crack resistance of the control plate, in particular the strength of the control plate is optimized in the area of the reworked forms.
- the process of embossing is used to make the above-mentioned notches.
- the embossing process here pre-embossing is supplemented by a subsequent punching process, thereby obtaining an opening through the material thickness of the control plate opening.
- the introduction of the one or more relief and / or control notches and / or at least one blind hole is achieved by embossing and displacing material.
- the centering opening and / or at least one kidney, in particular the main or suction kidney, and / or at least one relief opening and / or a fixing cutout are introduced by means of pre-embossing and subsequent punching.
- the working steps embossing or pre-embossing for the production of the opening or notch elements can be introduced in a common working step. Furthermore, it is expedient if the subsequent punching on the workpiece can be made without having to re-clamp this in the production machine or.
- the step of punching is preferably carried out immediately after the step stamping or pre-stamping.
- At least one upper side, preferably both surfaces of the control plate is ground after production of the high-pressure kidneys and the fine control elements.
- the embossing depth of at least one notch, in particular the control notch chosen such that the resulting length of the notch on the surface of the control plate remains constant even after the grinding process.
- the embossing depth of the at least one notch is greater than the material removal of the surface achieved by the grinding process.
- the embossing depth of the control notch over its longitudinal extent.
- the area with deeper embossment penetration into the control plate blank is referred to as a blind hole, wherein preferably by punching the blind hole a relief opening is provided on the notch opposite surface of the control plate.
- any contours of the control plate without radii can be produced. Such radii previously had to be taken into account when manufacturing the milling of the control plates in purchasing. Embossing with optional punching also allows for formations of the control plate without radii.
- at least one notch with an angular shape is embossed, for example with a pointed notched end, preferably in the region of a relief opening, and / or with a rectangular notch shape, in particular a rectangular transverse groove in the region around a relief opening.
- the invention further relates to a control plate for a hydraulic machine, in particular an axial piston machine, with one or more high-pressure and / or suction kidneys and at least one notch, in particular relief and / or control notch, wherein the at least one notch a pointed longitudinal groove or a rectangular Forms transverse groove on at least one surface of the control plate.
- the control plate may preferably be manufactured according to the method according to the invention.
- the invention also relates to a control plate for a hydraulic machine, in particular an axial piston machine, more preferably an axial piston pump or axial piston motor, which has been manufactured according to a method of the present invention.
- the present invention relates to an axial piston machine, in particular an axial piston pump or an axial piston motor, with at least one control plate manufactured by the method according to the invention.
- the control plate or the axial piston machine is therefore distinguished by the same advantages and properties as have already been explained in more detail with reference to the method according to the invention. A repetitive description is omitted for this reason.
- the exemplary embodiment shows a control plate 1 according to the invention, which is suitable for installation in an axial piston machine between engine cylinders and connection plate.
- the main function of the control plate 1 is to supply the engine cylinders of the axial piston pump with hydraulic oil accordingly. Due to the geometry and the position of the high-pressure kidneys 3, the control plate 1 sets the rotational angle ranges for a given cylinder kidney shape to which a respective engine cylinder is connected to the low-pressure side of the oil circuit.
- the respective engine cylinder is also connected to the high pressure side of the oil circuit, whereby the hydraulic oil is pressed into the high pressure oil circuit in the course of the corresponding occurring in the opposite direction engine piston movement.
- FIG. 1 The illustrated control panel 1 comprises a centrally located centering opening 6 and a total of four high-pressure kidneys 3 and a larger-sized suction kidney 5, the kidneys all as through the control plate 1 continuous slots are formed.
- the size of the high-pressure kidney 3 is identical, the dimension of the suction kidney 5 is in contrast significantly larger, ie longer.
- centering opening 6 which serves to receive the drive shaft of the axial piston, creates an annular geometry of the control plate 1, wherein the high-pressure kidneys run in the circumferential direction one behind the other.
- the suction kidney 5 extends on the opposite to the centering opening 6 annular region of the control plate.
- a control notch 2 which adjoins directly to the end of the outer high-pressure kidney 3 and extends in the direction of the suction kidney 5.
- a discharge opening 4 is provided in the lying on the other side of the centering intermediate region between high-pressure kidney 3 and 5 Saugniere .
- FIG. 4 A perspective top view of the in the FIG. 1 underlying surface 1 b of the control plate 1 is in the FIG. 4 played.
- This surface 1 b faces in the installed position within the axial piston pump of the connection plate.
- the relief opening on the surface 1a of the control plate 1 is located on the bottom of the relief notch 8 with the end-side groove-like depression to a blind hole 9.
- the blind hole 9 opens into the discharge opening. 4
- a cutout 7 is provided in the region of the suction kidney 5 on the outer circumference, which is a recess of the circumference of the control plate 1.
- the section 7 fulfills two functions. On the one hand, it represents an assembly aid in that the correct installation position with the correct angle of the control plate relative to the axial piston pump is enforced by attaching the cutout on a cantilevered bolt of the connection plate during assembly. On the other hand, at the same time a fixation of the control plate is achieved in pump operation and secured against unintentional rotation during operation.
- the control plate 1 Starting from a Steuerplattenroh redesign, which is formed substantially from the illustrated control plate 1 without the openings or notches 2-9, by applying the method according to the invention, the control plate 1 according to the FIGS. 1 to 5 produced.
- the high-pressure kidneys 3 and the suction kidney 5 By combination of pre-embossing and punching, the high-pressure kidneys 3 and the suction kidney 5, the centering opening 6 and the relief opening 4 and the cutout 7 for fixing the control plate 1 are produced here.
- the manufacture of the control and relief notches 2, 8 is achieved in contrast by simple stamping.
- embossing forms of fine control elements are possible, which are not possible by machining processes or can be implemented only with considerable effort.
- Especially the production of openings by embossing and subsequent punching allows shapes that can be implemented by cutting process only with considerable additional effort.
- the embossing contained in the manufacturing process ie the production of notches 2, 5 by embossing and the production of openings 3, 5, 6, 7 by pre-stamping with subsequent punching also leads to a material compaction on the newly created by the processing of the control plate blank material surfaces 1a, 1b of the finished control plate 1. Due to the material compression also creates an orientation of the Metal fibers, which as well as the material compaction itself leads to a higher component strength. In particular, the crack resistance of the control plate 1 increases.
- FIG. 2a shows a detailed view of the control notch 2, which adjoins the edge of a high-pressure kidney 3.
- the control notch represents a depression of the surface 1a of the control plate 1, which continues in the longitudinal direction of the high-pressure kidney 3 and is oriented in the direction of the suction kidney 5.
- the free end of the control notch 2 has two mutually perpendicular to the side edges 2a, 2b.
- the depth of penetration of the control groove 2 in the control plate 1, starting from the high-pressure kidney 3 towards the free end can decrease exponentially, ie the bottom of the control notch can show a concave or convex course.
- the floor may be rectilinear, as shown in the sectional view of FIG.
- the pointed end of the control notch 2 with the side edges 2a, 2b can be produced only by the manufacturing method according to the invention (embossing & punching), since a radius in the end region of the notch always results according to the conventional production method using a milling cutter.
- the minimum embossing depth of the control groove 2 must be chosen to be at least so deep that the length l of the control groove 2 does not become smaller during the subsequent material removal by the grinding process.
- FIG. 3 is again a detailed view of the high-pressure kidney 3 in conjunction with the control notch 2 shown.
- the thickness a corresponds to the original thickness of the control plate 1
- b represents the thickness of the control plate 1 after the grinding operation. It can be seen in this context that the minimum depth of the impression of the control notch 2 extends deeper into the control plate than the material removal achieved by the grinding process. Consequently, the length l of the control groove 2 does not change by the grinding operation.
- FIGS. 5a, 5b show again detailed views of the bottom 1 b of the control plate 1 with the relief notch 8 and the discharge opening 4.
- the representation of FIG. 5a shows a detail view of the surface 1 b in the region of the relief notch 8. It can be seen here that the notch 8 extends at the end of the main groove 3 side facing deeper into the control plate 1 and thereby forms the blind hole 9.
- the blind hole 9 of the relief notch 8 opens into the relief opening 4 of the surface 1a.
- a sectional view through the relief notch 8 in the region of the blind hole 9 along the section line EE shows FIG. 5b ,
- the channel formed by the surface 1 b thus tapers in the direction of the surface 1 a.
- the relief notch 8 including the blind hole 9 is embossed. Subsequently, the metal is pierced by punching in the center of the blind hole 9 and created the discharge opening 4.
- FIG. 6 Another embodiment of a control plate is the FIG. 6 refer to.
- the side facing the engine cylinder of an axial piston pump 10a side of the control plate 10 is substantially equal to the control plate 1 according to FIG. 1 , Identical features are therefore provided with identical reference numerals.
- the only difference of the control plate 10 relative to the control plate 1 is that the relief opening 4 is provided on the side 10a with an additional notch-like recess 40 (additional relief notch). This recess 40 extends starting from the discharge opening 4 in the direction of the high-pressure kidney 3 pointed together.
- the underside 10b of the control plate 10 corresponds in its embodiment of the bottom 1b of the control plate 1 according to FIG. 4 ,
- this pointed converging shape of the recess 40 is made possible only by the manufacturing method according to the invention by means of embossing & punching.
- the novel shape in the area of the discharge opening 4 shows certain advantages in operation. Cavitation clearly leads to an uncontrolled change of geometry. Damage in the region of the discharge opening due to cavitation is significantly reduced due to the recess 40.
- FIG. 8 Another alternative embodiment of the control plate is in FIG. 8 shown. Also, this control plate 100 differs from the control plate 1, 10 only in the embodiment of the discharge opening 4 on the side 100a. In this example, around the relief opening 4 around a rectangular transverse groove 400 is pronounced, which also serves as an additional relief notch 400 on the side 100a.
- the rectangular shape of the additional transverse groove 400 is in the plan view according to FIG. 9a and in the sectional view according to FIG. 9b along the cutting axis EE visible.
- control plates 1, 10, 100 were designed to be used for engine operation.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
Abstract
Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Steuerplatte (1) für eine hydraulische Maschine, insbesondere eine Axialkolbenmaschine, wobei ein Steuerplattenrohling aus Metall gefertigt wird und im Anschluss die Geometrie des Steuerplattenrohlings mittels spanloser Fertigung für die Umsetzung der Steuerfunktionen modifiziert wird.Method for producing a control plate (1) for a hydraulic machine, in particular an axial piston machine, wherein a control plate blank is made of metal and subsequently the geometry of the control plate blank is modified by chipless production for the implementation of the control functions.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Herstellungsverfahren für eine Steuerplatte für eine hydraulische Maschine, insbesondere eine Axialkolbenmaschine. Ferner umfasst die vorliegende Erfindung eine Axialkolbenmaschine, insbesondere eine Axialkolbenpumpe oder Axialkolbenmotor, mit wenigstens einer Steuerplatte, die gemäß dem der Erfindung zugrunde liegenden Verfahren gefertigt wurde.The invention relates to a manufacturing method for a control plate for a hydraulic machine, in particular an axial piston machine. Furthermore, the present invention comprises an axial piston machine, in particular an axial piston pump or axial piston motor, with at least one control plate which has been manufactured according to the method on which the invention is based.
Steuerplatten hydraulischer Maschinen dienen zur Steuerung der hydraulischen bzw. pneumatischen Flüsse innerhalb der Maschine. Zur Durchflusssteuerung sieht die Steuerplatte mehrere Öffnungen vor, auch als Nieren bezeichnet, wobei die resultierenden Volumenströme vom Drehwinkel der Steuerplatte abhängen. Neben den Nieren sind weitere Feinsteuerelemente, üblicherweise in Form von Kerben und durchgängigen Öffnungen, vorgesehen. Zur Verdeutlichung wird die Funktion der Steuerplatte am Beispiel einer Schrägscheiben-Axialkolbenpumpe beschrieben. Die benötigte Steuerplatte wird zwischen Anschlussplatte und Triebwerkszylinder auf der Triebwelle montiert. Die Geometrie und Lage der Hochdrucknieren der Steuerplatte definieren bei gegebener Zylindernierenform die Drehwinkelbereiche, zu denen erstens ein jeweiliger Triebwerkszylinder mit der Niederdruckseite des Ölkreislaufs verbunden ist, so dass durch die Bewegung des Triebwerkkolbens (entlang seiner Längsachse aus dem Triebwerkszylinder heraus) Hydrauliköl in den entsprechenden Hydraulikzylinder hinein gesaugt werden kann, und zweitens der jeweilige Triebwerkszylinder bei entsprechender Weiterdrehung des Triebwerkes mit der Hochdruckseite des Ölkreislaufs verbunden ist, wodurch das Hydrauliköl im Zuge der entsprechenden in entgegengesetzter Richtung erfolgenden Triebwerkskolbenbewegung in den Hochdruckölkreislauf hinein gepresst wird.Control plates of hydraulic machines serve to control the hydraulic or pneumatic flows within the machine. For flow control, the control plate provides several openings, also referred to as kidneys, the resulting volume flows depend on the rotation angle of the control plate. In addition to the kidneys are further fine control elements, usually in the form of notches and continuous openings provided. To clarify the function of the control plate is described using the example of a swash plate axial piston pump. The required control plate is mounted between connecting plate and engine cylinder on the drive shaft. The geometry and location of the high pressure kidneys of the control plate, for a given cylinder kidney shape, define the rotational angle ranges to which, first, a respective engine cylinder communicates with the low pressure side of the engine Oil circuit is connected so that by the movement of the engine piston (along its longitudinal axis out of the engine cylinder out) hydraulic oil can be sucked into the corresponding hydraulic cylinder, and secondly the respective engine cylinder is connected with a corresponding further rotation of the engine to the high pressure side of the oil circuit, whereby the Hydraulic oil is pressed in the course of the corresponding taking place in the opposite direction engine piston movement in the high-pressure oil circuit inside.
Allgemein gesprochen steht bei der Konstruktion von Hydraulikkomponenten fast immer der Anspruch nach Leistung und Lebensdauer im Vordergrund. Nicht zu verachten ist allerdings der Komfortanspruch der Kunden hinsichtlich geräuschärmerer Komponenten, der zunehmend an Bedeutung gewinnt. Prinzipbedingt durch die Konstruktionsweise von Axialkolbeneinheiten in Schrägbauweise treten veränderliche Anregungen auf, die sich in Betrag, Richtung oder Angriffspunkt nichtkonstanter Kräfte und Momente auf der mechanischen Seite sowie Förderstrom und Druckpulsation auf der hydraulischen Seite unterscheiden. Bei der Optimierung der Steuerplatten gilt es die durch die vorgenannten Belastungen auftretenden Verschleißerscheinungen sowie Betriebsgeräusche effektiv zu minimieren.Generally speaking, in the design of hydraulic components almost always the demand for performance and life in the foreground. Not to be despised, however, is the customer's demand for comfort with regard to quieter components, which is becoming increasingly important. Due to the design principle of axial piston units in an inclined construction, variable stimuli occur which differ in the amount, direction or point of application of non-constant forces and moments on the mechanical side as well as the flow rate and pressure pulsation on the hydraulic side. When optimizing the control plates, it is important to effectively minimize the signs of wear and operating noise caused by the aforementioned loads.
Ursächlich für diese Größen ist der Druckverlauf des Förderstroms in den einzelnen Triebwerkskolben. Einen wesentlichen Einfluss auf die Größen kann man durch geeignete Modifikationen der Basisgeometrie der Steuerplatte nehmen. Besonders wichtig sind Geometriemerkmale, welche die Übergänge von Niederdruck zu Hochdruck - der Kompression - und den Übergang von Hochdruck zu Niederdruck - der Dekompression - bestimmen. Die ungewollten mechanischen und hydraulischen Anregungen erfolgen primär in den sogenannten Umsteuerbereichen. Durch die Geometrie dieser Feinsteuerelemente, d.h. der Steuerkerbe und Entlastungsöffnung, sollen die Verläufe des Drucks und des Durchflusses beeinflusst werden, um ungewollte mechanische und hydraulische Anregungen gezielt zu unterdrücken.The reason for these variables is the pressure curve of the flow in the individual engine pistons. A significant influence on the sizes can be made by suitable modifications of the base geometry of the control plate. Particularly important are geometry features that determine the transitions from low pressure to high pressure - the compression - and the transition from high pressure to low pressure - decompression. The unwanted mechanical and hydraulic suggestions are primarily in the so-called Umsteuerbereichen. Due to the geometry of these fine control elements, i. the control notch and discharge opening, the course of the pressure and the flow are to be influenced in order to deliberately suppress unwanted mechanical and hydraulic excitations.
Bis zum heutigen Tage wurden viele verschiedene Methoden zur Minimierung der Anregungen untersucht. Stand der Technik ist heute nach wie vor die Ausgestaltung einer Steuerplatte mit Feinsteuerelementen. Die Geometrie der Hochdrucknieren und Feinsteuerelemente sind durch spezielle Parameter vorgegeben und definiert.To date, many different methods of minimizing the suggestions have been explored. The state of the art today is still the embodiment a control panel with fine control elements. The geometry of the high-pressure kidneys and fine control elements are specified and defined by special parameters.
Die Öffnungen der Hochdrucknieren werden bisher spanabhebend durch konventionelles Bohren, Erodieren oder ähnliche Verfahren eingebracht. Entlastungs- sowie Steuerkerben werden ebenfalls spanabhebend durch Schleifen, Fräsen, Erodieren oder ähnliche Verfahren gefertigt. Spanabhebende Herstellungsverfahren bedeuten jedoch gerade bei komplexen Formen und Feinsteuerelementen einen erheblichen Mehraufwand, da extrem kleine Werkzeuge, so zum Beispiel ein sehr kleiner Fräserkopf, benötigt werden. Letzteres ist allerdings äußert problematisch oder gar unmöglich, da das verwendete Rohmaterial für die Steuerplatten aufgrund der starken Beanspruchung in einer Axialkolbenpumpe extrem widerstandsfähig gegenüber Materialabtrieb sein muss und somit die Haltbarkeit eines kleinen Werkzeuges in der besagten Anwendung nicht gegeben ist.The openings of the high-pressure kidneys have hitherto been machined by conventional drilling, erosion or similar methods. Relief and control notches are also machined by grinding, milling, EDM or similar processes. However, machining processes mean a significant overhead, especially for complex shapes and fine control elements, since extremely small tools, such as a very small cutter head, are needed. The latter, however, extremely problematic or even impossible, since the raw material used for the control plates due to the heavy load in an axial piston pump must be extremely resistant to material loss and thus the durability of a small tool in said application is not given.
Gesucht wird daher eine Lösung für ein alternatives Herstellungsverfahren, das die oben genannten Probleme zu überwinden weiß. Gelöst wird diese Aufgabe durch ein Herstellungsverfahren gemäß den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen des Herstellungsverfahrens sind Gegenstand der sich an den Hauptanspruch anschließenden abhängigen Unteransprüche.We are therefore looking for a solution for an alternative manufacturing process that overcomes the above problems. This object is achieved by a manufacturing method according to the features of
Die Kernidee der vorliegenden Erfindung besteht darin, dass Bohrungen für die Herstellung der Steuerplatte weitestgehend vermieden werden. Erfindungsgemäß wird stattdessen vorgeschlagen, zunächst einen Steuerplattenrohling aus Metall zu fertigen, der im Anschluss mittels spanloser Fertigung nachbearbeitet wird, d.h. dessen Basisformgebung wird mittels spanloser Fertigung modifiziert. Die Modifikation umfasst vorzugsweise die Einbringung von Öffnungen und/oder Nieren und/oder etwaigen Feinsteuerelementen. Der Rohling in seiner Basisform kann platten- oder scheibenförmig sein. Vorzugsweise wird dieser zunächst aus einem Metallmaterial herausgeschnitten. Es sind jedoch anderweitige Formen und Fertigungsverfahren für den Rohling vorstellbar.The core idea of the present invention is that holes for the production of the control plate are largely avoided. According to the invention it is instead proposed to first manufacture a control plate blank of metal, which is subsequently reworked by means of non-cutting production, ie its basic shape is modified by chipless production. The modification preferably comprises the introduction of openings and / or kidneys and / or any fine control elements. The blank in its basic form may be plate-shaped or disk-shaped. Preferably, this is first cut out of a metal material. However, other forms and manufacturing methods for the blank are conceivable.
Durch die spanlose Nachbearbeitung des Steuerplattenrohlings kann vollständig oder zumindest weitestgehend auf spanabhebende Verfahren für die Modifizierung dessen Geometrie verzichtet werden. Die spanlose Fertigung bietet Möglichkeiten zur weitreichenden Modifikationen der vorzusehenden Öffnungen oder Kerben. Insbesondere lassen sich gegenüber konventionellen Herstellungsverfahren feinere Geometrien schaffen, ohne eine zunehmende Komplexität des Herstellungsprozesses in Kauf nehmen zu müssen. Durch die spanlose Fertigung sind insbesondere Formen von Feinsteuerelementen denkbar, die durch spanabhebende Verfahren aufgrund der eingangs erwähnten Probleme nicht möglich bzw. nur unter einem erheblichen Mehraufwand umsetzbar sind.The non-cutting finishing of the control plate blank can be completely or at least largely dispensed with machining processes for the modification of its geometry. The non-cutting production offers possibilities for far-reaching modifications of the openings or notches to be provided. In particular, it is possible to create finer geometries compared to conventional production methods without having to accept increasing complexity of the production process. The non-cutting production in particular forms of fine control elements are conceivable, which are not possible by machining processes due to the problems mentioned above or can be implemented only at a considerable additional expense.
Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung umfasst die Nachbearbeitung der Steuerplatte die Herstellung ein oder mehrerer durch die Steuerplatte durchgehender Öffnungen. Bekannt sind derartige Öffnungen als Nieren, insbesondere Hochdruck- bzw. Saugnieren. Ebenso ist die Einbringung einer Zentrieröffnung mittels spanloser Bearbeitung denkbar, die zentral in der Steuerplatte angeordnet ist. Die Zentrieröffnung dient zur Aufnahme einer Triebwelle der hydraulischen Maschine. Ferner sind ein oder mehrere Entlastungsöffnungen durch das Verfahren einbringbar.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the post-processing of the control plate comprises the production of one or more through the control plate through openings. Such openings are known as kidneys, in particular high-pressure or suction kidneys. Likewise, the introduction of a centering opening by chipless machining is conceivable, which is arranged centrally in the control plate. The centering opening serves to receive a drive shaft of the hydraulic machine. Furthermore, one or more relief openings can be introduced by the method.
Neben den Öffnungen lassen sich zudem Feinsteuerelemente, wie ein oder mehrere Kerben mittels spanloser Bearbeitung einbringen. Die einbringbaren Kerbentypen lassen sich in Entlastungs- und/oder Steuerkerben unterteilen. Ebenfalls fallen darunter sogenannte Sacklöcher, die bevorzugt eine bereichsweise Vertiefung einer Kerbe darstellen. Zuletzt kann die Steuerplatte in der Nachbearbeitung mit wenigstens einem Fixierungsausschnitt versehen werden, vorzugsweise in Form einer nutartigen Ausnehmung am Umfangrand der Steuerplatte. Der Fixierungsausschnitt dient einerseits zur Fixierung gegen ungewolltes Verdrehen der Steuerplatte gegenüber der Axialkolbenmaschine, insbesondere gegenüber der Anschlussplatte der Maschine. Andererseits eignet sich der Fixierungsausschnitt ebenso als Montagehilfe, indem die Ausnehmung als Führung eines auskragenden Bolzens der Anschlussplatte dient.In addition to the openings, it is also possible to introduce fine control elements, such as one or more notches, by means of chipless machining. The insertable notch types can be subdivided into relief and / or control notches. Also included are so-called blind holes, which preferably represent a partial depression of a notch. Finally, the control plate can be provided in the post-processing with at least one fixing cutout, preferably in the form of a groove-like recess on the peripheral edge of the control plate. The fixing cutout serves on the one hand for fixing against unintentional rotation of the control plate relative to the axial piston machine, in particular with respect to the connection plate of the machine. On the other hand, the fixation cutout is also suitable as an assembly aid, in that the recess serves as a guide for a projecting bolt of the connecting plate.
Gemäß einer besonders bevorzugten Ausgestaltung erfolgt die spanlose Bearbeitung durch Prägen bzw. Vorprägen mit gleichzeitiger Materialverdrängung.According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the non-cutting machining is carried out by embossing or pre-stamping with simultaneous material displacement.
Ein Vorteil dieser Fertigungsvariante besteht darin, dass durch die Vorprägung/Prägung gleichzeitig eine Materialverdichtung an den bearbeiteten Stellen des Steuerplattenrohlings erzielt wird, wodurch die Materialfestigkeit an den entsprechenden Materialstellen zunimmt. Die Materialverdichtung bewirkt ferner eine Ausrichtung der Metallfasern, was ebenfalls eine Zunahme der Bauteilfestigkeit nach sich zieht. In Summe wird dadurch die Rissfestigkeit der Steuerplatte erhöht, insbesondere wird die Festigkeit der Steuerplatte im Bereich der nachbearbeiteten Formen optimiert.An advantage of this production variant is that the material is compacted at the machined points of the control plate blank by the embossing / embossing, whereby the material strength increases at the corresponding material locations. The material compaction also causes alignment of the metal fibers, which also causes an increase in component strength. In total, this increases the crack resistance of the control plate, in particular the strength of the control plate is optimized in the area of the reworked forms.
Besonders bevorzugt wird der Prozess des Prägens zur Herstellung der oben erwähnten Kerben angewandt. Für die Ausführung ein oder mehrerer Öffnungen bzw. Nieren, wird der Prägeprozess, hier Vorprägen, um einen nachfolgenden Stanzprozess ergänzt, um dadurch eine durch die Materialdicke der Steuerplatte durchgehende Öffnung zu erlangen.More preferably, the process of embossing is used to make the above-mentioned notches. For the execution of one or more openings or kidneys, the embossing process, here pre-embossing is supplemented by a subsequent punching process, thereby obtaining an opening through the material thickness of the control plate opening.
In einer konkreten Ausgestaltung wird die Einbringung der ein oder mehreren Entlastungs- und/oder Steuerkerben und/oder wenigstens eines Sackloches mittels Prägen und Verdrängen von Material erreicht. Demgegenüber ist es zweckmäßig, wenn die Zentrieröffnung und/oder wenigstens eine Niere, insbesondere die Haupt- bzw. Saugniere, und/oder wenigstens eine Entlastungsöffnung und/oder ein Fixierungsausschnitt mittels Vorprägen und nachfolgendem Durchstanzen eingebracht werden.In a concrete embodiment, the introduction of the one or more relief and / or control notches and / or at least one blind hole is achieved by embossing and displacing material. By contrast, it is expedient if the centering opening and / or at least one kidney, in particular the main or suction kidney, and / or at least one relief opening and / or a fixing cutout are introduced by means of pre-embossing and subsequent punching.
Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung können die Arbeitsschritte Prägen bzw. Vorprägen für die Herstellung der Öffnungs- bzw. Kerbenelemente in einem gemeinsamen Arbeitsschritt eingebracht werden. Ferner ist es zweckmä-βig, wenn das nachfolgende Durchstanzen an dem Werkstück vorgenommen werden kann, ohne dieses erneut in der Fertigungsmaschine ein- bzw. umspannen zu müssen. Der Arbeitsschritt des Stanzens erfolgt dabei vorzugsweise unmittelbar nach dem Arbeitsschritt Prägen bzw. Vorprägen.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the working steps embossing or pre-embossing for the production of the opening or notch elements can be introduced in a common working step. Furthermore, it is expedient if the subsequent punching on the workpiece can be made without having to re-clamp this in the production machine or. The step of punching is preferably carried out immediately after the step stamping or pre-stamping.
Um die Maßhaltigkeit und Oberflächengüte der Steuerplatte nach dem Prägen bzw. Stanzen zu gewährleisten, ist es zweckdienlich, wenn zumindest eine Oberseite, vorzugsweise beide Oberflächen der Steuerplatte, nach der Fertigung der Hochdrucknieren und der Feinsteuerelementen geschliffen wird bzw. werden.In order to ensure the dimensional accuracy and surface quality of the control plate after embossing or punching, it is expedient if at least one upper side, preferably both surfaces of the control plate, is ground after production of the high-pressure kidneys and the fine control elements.
In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung des Verfahrens wird die Prägetiefe wenigstens einer Kerbe, insbesondere der Steuerkerbe, derart gewählt, sodass die resultierende Länge der Kerbe auf der Oberfläche der Steuerplatte auch nach dem Schleifvorgang konstant bleibt. Insbesondere ist die Prägetiefe der wenigstens einer Kerbe größer als der durch den Schleifvorgang erzielte Materialabtrag der Oberfläche.In a further advantageous embodiment of the method, the embossing depth of at least one notch, in particular the control notch, chosen such that the resulting length of the notch on the surface of the control plate remains constant even after the grinding process. In particular, the embossing depth of the at least one notch is greater than the material removal of the surface achieved by the grinding process.
Denkbar ist es auch, die Prägetiefe der Steuerkerbe über deren Längsausdehnung zu variieren. Der Bereich mit tieferer Prägeeindringung in den Steuerplattenrohling wird als Sackloch bezeichnet, wobei vorzugsweise durch Durchstanzen des Sackloches eine Entlastungsöffnung auf die der Kerbe gegenüberliegende Oberfläche der Steuerplatte geschaffen wird.It is also conceivable to vary the embossing depth of the control notch over its longitudinal extent. The area with deeper embossment penetration into the control plate blank is referred to as a blind hole, wherein preferably by punching the blind hole a relief opening is provided on the notch opposite surface of the control plate.
Aufgrund des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens lassen sich insbesondere beliebige Konturen der Steuerplatte ohne Radien herstellen. Derartige Radien mussten bisher herstellungsbedingt beim Fräsen der Steuerplatten in Kauf genommen werden. Das Prägen mit optionalem Stanzen lässt ebenso Ausformungen der Steuerplatte ohne Radien zu. Besonders bevorzugt wird wenigstens eine Kerbe mit eckiger Form geprägt, beispielsweise mit einem spitz zusammenlaufenden Kerbende, vorzugsweise im Bereich einer Entlastungsöffnung, und/oder mit rechteckiger Kerbenform, insbesondere rechteckiger Quernut im Bereich um eine Entlastungsöffnung.Due to the method according to the invention, in particular any contours of the control plate without radii can be produced. Such radii previously had to be taken into account when manufacturing the milling of the control plates in purchasing. Embossing with optional punching also allows for formations of the control plate without radii. Particularly preferably, at least one notch with an angular shape is embossed, for example with a pointed notched end, preferably in the region of a relief opening, and / or with a rectangular notch shape, in particular a rectangular transverse groove in the region around a relief opening.
Die Erfindung betrifft zudem eine Steuerplatte für eine hydraulische Maschine, insbesondere eine Axialkolbenmaschine, mit ein oder mehreren Hochdruck- und/oder Saugnieren sowie wenigstens eine Kerbe, insbesondere Entlastungs- und/oder Steuerungskerbe, wobei die wenigstens eine Kerbe eine spitz zusammenlaufende Längsnut oder eine rechteckige Quernut auf wenigstens einer Oberfläche der Steuerplatte bildet. Die Steuerungsplatte kann vorzugsweise gemäß dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren gefertigt sein.The invention further relates to a control plate for a hydraulic machine, in particular an axial piston machine, with one or more high-pressure and / or suction kidneys and at least one notch, in particular relief and / or control notch, wherein the at least one notch a pointed longitudinal groove or a rectangular Forms transverse groove on at least one surface of the control plate. The control plate may preferably be manufactured according to the method according to the invention.
Daneben betrifft die Erfindung ebenfalls eine Steuerplatte für eine hydraulische Maschine, insbesondere eine Axialkolbenmaschine, besonders bevorzugt eine Axialkolbenpumpe oder Axialkolbenmotor, die gemäß einem Verfahren der vorliegenden Erfindung gefertigt wurde.In addition, the invention also relates to a control plate for a hydraulic machine, in particular an axial piston machine, more preferably an axial piston pump or axial piston motor, which has been manufactured according to a method of the present invention.
Des Weiteren betrifft die vorliegende Erfindung eine Axialkolbenmaschine, insbesondere eine Axialkolbenpumpe oder einen Axialkolbenmotor, mit wenigstens einer Steuerplatte gefertigt nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren. Die Steuerplatte bzw. die Axialkolbenmaschine zeichnet sich demnach durch dieselben Vorteile und Eigenschaften aus, wie sie bereits anhand des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens näher erläutert wurden. Auf eine wiederholende Beschreibung wird aus diesem Grund verzichtet.Furthermore, the present invention relates to an axial piston machine, in particular an axial piston pump or an axial piston motor, with at least one control plate manufactured by the method according to the invention. The control plate or the axial piston machine is therefore distinguished by the same advantages and properties as have already been explained in more detail with reference to the method according to the invention. A repetitive description is omitted for this reason.
Weitere Einzelheiten und Vorteile der Erfindung sollen im Nachfolgenden anhand eines in den Figuren dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert werden.Further details and advantages of the invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to an embodiment shown in FIGS.
Es zeigen:
- Figur 1:
- eine perspektivische Draufsicht auf die dem Zylinder zugewandte Seite der Steuerplatte gemäß dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren;
- Figur 2:
- eine Detailansicht der Steuerkerbe der Steuerplatte gemäß
Figur 1 sowie eine Schnittdarstellung durch die Steuerplatte entlang der Schnittlinie B-B im Bereich der Steuerkerbe; - Figur 3:
- eine vergrößerte Darstellung der Schnittdarstellung gemäß
Figur 2 ; - Figur 4:
- eine perspektivische Draufsicht auf die
Steuerplatte gemäß Figur 1 aus der Richtung der Anschlussplatte, - Figur 5:
- eine Detaildarstellung der Entlastungskerbe sowie eine Schnittdarstellung entlang der Schnittlinie E-E im Bereich der Entlastungskerbe bzw. Entlastungsöffnung,
- Figur 6:
- eine perspektivische Draufsicht auf die dem Zylinder zugewandte Seite der Steuerplatte gemäß einem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel,
- Figur 7:
- eine Detailansicht der Entlastungskerbe der Steuerplatte gemäß
Figur 6 sowie eine Schnittdarstellung durch die Steuerplatte der Schnittlinie F-F im Bereich der Entlastungskerbe, - Figur 8:
- ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel der Steuerplatte in einer perspektivischen Draufsicht auf die dem Zylinder zugewandte Seite und
- Figur 9:
- eine Detailansicht der Entlastungskerbe der Steuerplatte gemäß
Figur 8 sowie eine Schnittdarstellung durch die Steuerplatte entlang der Schnittlinie E-E im Bereich der Entlastungskerbe.
- FIG. 1:
- a perspective top view of the cylinder-facing side of the control plate according to the inventive method;
- FIG. 2:
- a detailed view of the control notch of the control plate according to
FIG. 1 and a sectional view through the control plate along the section line BB in the region of the control notch; - FIG. 3:
- an enlarged view of the sectional view according to
FIG. 2 ; - FIG. 4:
- a perspective top view of the control plate according to
FIG. 1 from the direction of the connection plate, - FIG. 5:
- a detailed representation of the relief notch and a sectional view along the section line EE in the region of the relief notch or relief opening,
- FIG. 6:
- a perspective top view of the cylinder-facing side of the control plate according to a second embodiment,
- FIG. 7:
- a detailed view of the relief notch of the control plate according to
FIG. 6 and a sectional view through the control plate of the section line FF in the region of the relief notch, - FIG. 8:
- a further embodiment of the control plate in a perspective plan view of the cylinder-facing side and
- FIG. 9:
- a detailed view of the relief notch of the control plate according to
FIG. 8 and a sectional view through the control plate along the section line EE in the region of the relief notch.
Das Ausführungsbeispiel zeigt eine erfindungsgemäße Steuerplatte 1, die zum Einbau in einer Axialkolbenmaschine zwischen Triebwerkszylindern und Anschlussplatte geeignet ist. Die Hauptfunktion der Steuerplatte 1 besteht darin, die Triebwerkszylinder der Axialkolbenpumpe entsprechend mit Hydrauliköl zu versorgen. Durch die Steuerplatte 1 werden aufgrund der Geometrie und der Lage der Hochdrucknieren 3 bei gegebener Zylindernierenform die Drehwinkelbereiche festgelegt, zu denen ein jeweiliger Triebwerkszylinder mit der Niederdruckseite des Ölkreislaufs verbunden ist. Dadurch kann durch die Bewegung des Triebwerkkolbens (entlang seiner Längsachse aus dem Triebwerkszylinder heraus) Hydrauliköl in den entsprechenden Hydraulikzylinder hineingesaugt werden. Bei entsprechender Weiterdrehung des Triebwerks wird der jeweilige Triebwerkszylinder zudem mit der Hochdruckseite des Ölkreislaufs verbunden, wodurch das Hydrauliköl im Zuge der entsprechenden in entgegengesetzter Richtung erfolgenden Triebwerkskolbenbewegung in den Hochdruckölkreislauf hineingepresst wird.The exemplary embodiment shows a
Durch die Zentrieröffnung 6, die zur Aufnahme der Triebwelle der Axialkolbenmaschine dient, entsteht eine ringartige Geometrie der Steuerplatte 1, wobei die Hochdrucknieren in Umfangsrichtung hintereinander laufen. Die Saugniere 5 erstreckt sich auf dem zur Zentrieröffnung 6 gegenüberliegenden Ringbereich der Steuerplatte 1.Through the centering
Im Bereich zwischen den äußeren Hochdrucknieren 3 und der Saugniere 5 erstreckt sich im ersten Zwischenbereich eine Steuerkerbe 2, die sich unmittelbar an das Ende der äußeren Hochdruckniere 3 anschließt und sich in Richtung der Saugniere 5 erstreckt. In dem auf der anderen Seite der Zentrieröffnung liegenden Zwischenbereich zwischen Hochdruckniere 3 und Saugniere 5 ist eine Entlastungsöffnung 4 vorgesehen.In the area between the outer high-
Eine perspektivische Draufsicht auf die in der
Darüber hinaus ist im Bereich der Saugniere 5 am äußeren Umfang ein Ausschnitt 7 vorgesehen, der eine Aussparung des Umfangs der Steuerplatte 1 ist. Der Ausschnitt 7 erfüllt zwei Funktionen. Zum einen stellt er eine Montagehilfe dar, indem durch Aufstecken des Ausschnittes auf einen auskragenden Bolzen der Anschlussplatte bei der Montage die richtige Einbauposition mit dem richtigen Winkel der Steuerplatte gegenüber der Axialkolbenpumpe erzwungen wird. Zum anderen wird gleichzeitig eine Fixierung der Steuerplatte im Pumpenbetrieb erreicht und diese gegen ein unbeabsichtigtes Verdrehen im Betrieb gesichert.In addition, a
Ausgehend von einem Steuerplattenrohkörper, der im Wesentlichen aus der dargestellten Steuerplatte 1 ohne die Öffnungen bzw. Kerbungen 2-9 ausgebildet ist, wird durch Anwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens die erfindungsgemäße Steuerplatte 1 gemäß den
Durch das Prägen sind Formen von Feinsteuerelementen möglich, die durch spanabhebende Verfahren nicht möglich sind bzw. nur unter erheblichen Aufwand umsetzbar sind. Gerade die Anfertigungen von Öffnungen durch Prägen und anschließendem Durchstanzen ermöglicht Formen, die durch spanabhebende Verfahren nur mit einem erheblichen Mehraufwand umsetzbar sind. Das im Fertigungsprozess enthaltene Prägen, d.h. die Fertigung der Kerben 2, 5 durch Prägen und die Fertigung von Öffnungen 3, 5, 6, 7 durch Vorprägen mit anschließenden Durchstanzen führt zudem zu einer Materialverdichtung an den durch die Bearbeitung des Steuerplattenrohlings neu entstehende Materialoberflächen 1a, 1b der fertiggestellten Steuerplatte 1. Durch die Materialverdichtung entsteht ferner eine Ausrichtung der Metallfasern, die genauso wie die Materialverdichtung selbst eine höhere Bauteilfestigkeit nach sich zieht. Insbesondere erhöht sich die Rissfestigkeit der Steuerplatte 1.By embossing forms of fine control elements are possible, which are not possible by machining processes or can be implemented only with considerable effort. Especially the production of openings by embossing and subsequent punching allows shapes that can be implemented by cutting process only with considerable additional effort. The embossing contained in the manufacturing process, ie the production of
Nach der Fertigung der Hochdrucknieren 3 und der Feinsteuerelemente ist ein Schleifen der gesamten Oberflächenfläche 1a, 1b der Steuerplatte 1 notwendig, damit die erzielbare Maßhaltigkeit und Oberflächengüte ausreichend ist. Aus diesem Grund muss die minimale Einprägetiefe der Steuerungskerbe 2 mindestens so tief gewählt sein, damit beim nachfolgenden Materialabtrag durch den Schleifprozess die Länge l der Steuerungskerbe 2 nicht kleiner wird. In
Die
Ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel einer Steuerplatte ist der
In der Draufsicht der
Auch diese spitz zusammenlaufende Formgebung der Vertiefung 40 wird erst durch das erfindungsgemäße Herstellungsverfahren mittels Prägen & Stanzen ermöglicht. Die neuartige Formgebung im Bereich der Entlastungsöffnung 4 zeigt gewisse Vorteile im Betrieb. Kavitation führt klarerweise zu einer unkontrollierten Änderung der Geometrie. Schäden im Bereich der Entlastungsöffnung durch Kavitation werden aufgrund der Vertiefung 40 deutlich reduziert.Also, this pointed converging shape of the
Ein weiteres alternatives Ausführungsbeispiel der Steuerplatte ist in
Schäden im Bereich der Entlastungsöffnung durch Kavitation werden durch die Quernut 400 sehr deutlich reduziert. Die hier gezeigte Prägung 400 kann selbstverständlich genau definiert erfolgen. Durch den Prägevorgang lässt sich eine Rechteckform der Quernut 400 herstellen, da hierdurch an den Eckpunkten ungewollte Radien vermeidbar sind.Cavity damage in the area of the relief opening is greatly reduced by the
Die Funktionsbeschreibung der vorgestellten Ausführungsbeispiele der Steuerplatten 1, 10, 100 beschränkte sich auf den Pumpenbetrieb der Axialkolbeneinheit. Eine solche Steuerplatte 1, 10, 100 könnte selbstverständlich auch für den Motorbetrieb zum Einsatz kommen.The functional description of the presented embodiments of the
Claims (13)
dass die wenigstens eine Kerbe eine spitz zusammenlaufende Längsnut oder eine rechteckige Quernut auf wenigstens einer Oberfläche der Steuerplatte bildet.Control plate for a hydraulic machine, in particular an axial piston machine, with one or more high-pressure and / or suction kidneys and at least one notch, in particular unloading and / or control notch, characterized
in that the at least one notch forms a pointed longitudinal groove or a rectangular transverse groove on at least one surface of the control plate.
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IT1319854B1 (en) * | 2000-02-22 | 2003-11-03 | Embraco Europ Srl | PROCEDURE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF A COMPRESSOR VALVE PLATE, VALVE PLATE OBTAINED WITH THE PROCEDURE, GROUP |
US6981321B1 (en) * | 2003-09-29 | 2006-01-03 | Sauer-Danfoss Inc. | Hydrostatic cylinder block and method of making the same |
DE102007008049A1 (en) * | 2007-02-17 | 2008-08-21 | Thyssenkrupp Vdm Gmbh | Sliding friction exposed component |
JP5478577B2 (en) * | 2011-09-27 | 2014-04-23 | 株式会社豊田自動織機 | Compressor |
-
2015
- 2015-10-15 CH CH01520/15A patent/CH711662A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2016
- 2016-09-07 EP EP16187567.9A patent/EP3156643B1/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CH252204A (en) * | 1944-10-30 | 1947-12-15 | Von Roll Ag | Hydraulic transmission. |
DE3590198C2 (en) * | 1984-04-27 | 1995-12-07 | Sundstrand Sauer | Valve plate for a hydrostatic axial piston unit |
DE69929923T2 (en) * | 1998-11-16 | 2006-09-28 | Eaton Corp., Cleveland | Axial piston pump and improved valve plate design |
DE10200545A1 (en) * | 2001-12-11 | 2003-06-26 | Liebherr Machines Bulle S A | Control plate for hydromotors and pumps of axial piston type has kidney-shaped low pressure and high pressure control apertures |
DE10251552B3 (en) * | 2002-11-05 | 2004-07-15 | Brueninghaus Hydromatik Gmbh | Axial piston machine and control plate for an axial piston machine |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP3156643B1 (en) | 2021-03-24 |
CH711662A1 (en) | 2017-04-28 |
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