EP3142561A1 - Procede de traitement d'images en vue de determiner un degre de mobilite des cordes vocales - Google Patents
Procede de traitement d'images en vue de determiner un degre de mobilite des cordes vocalesInfo
- Publication number
- EP3142561A1 EP3142561A1 EP15724951.7A EP15724951A EP3142561A1 EP 3142561 A1 EP3142561 A1 EP 3142561A1 EP 15724951 A EP15724951 A EP 15724951A EP 3142561 A1 EP3142561 A1 EP 3142561A1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- image
- cartilage
- determining
- arytenoid
- characterization
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
- A61B8/08—Clinical applications
- A61B8/0833—Clinical applications involving detecting or locating foreign bodies or organic structures
- A61B8/085—Clinical applications involving detecting or locating foreign bodies or organic structures for locating body or organic structures, e.g. tumours, calculi, blood vessels, nodules
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
- A61B8/08—Clinical applications
- A61B8/0858—Clinical applications involving measuring tissue layers, e.g. skin, interfaces
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
- A61B8/52—Devices using data or image processing specially adapted for diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
- A61B8/5215—Devices using data or image processing specially adapted for diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves involving processing of medical diagnostic data
- A61B8/5223—Devices using data or image processing specially adapted for diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves involving processing of medical diagnostic data for extracting a diagnostic or physiological parameter from medical diagnostic data
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T7/00—Image analysis
- G06T7/60—Analysis of geometric attributes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
- G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
- G16H50/00—ICT specially adapted for medical diagnosis, medical simulation or medical data mining; ICT specially adapted for detecting, monitoring or modelling epidemics or pandemics
- G16H50/30—ICT specially adapted for medical diagnosis, medical simulation or medical data mining; ICT specially adapted for detecting, monitoring or modelling epidemics or pandemics for calculating health indices; for individual health risk assessment
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
- G06T2207/10—Image acquisition modality
- G06T2207/10132—Ultrasound image
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
- G06T2207/30—Subject of image; Context of image processing
- G06T2207/30004—Biomedical image processing
Definitions
- the invention lies in the field of image processing for a medical diagnostic aid. More specifically, the invention relates to a method of processing images from an image representing the larynx of a human being to determine a degree of mobility of the vocal cords of that person.
- Cervical surgery in general and thyroid and parathyroid surgery in particular are generators of a large number of operations. For example, in France, it is estimated that about 50,000 per year are the number of surgical procedures involving the thyroid. Cervical surgery in human patients carries a significant risk of trauma to the lower laryngeal nerve, commonly referred to as the recurrent nerve.
- the recurrent nerve innervates a large part of the laryngeal muscles, including the vocal folds or vocal folds. This nerve runs all the way up the neck on either side of the larynx and is thus exposed in any type of cervical surgery.
- different symptoms may occur.
- a first symptom is partial or complete paralysis of one or both vocal cords of the operated patients.
- a second symptom related to recurrent nerve trauma is a swallowing disorder, with risks of false roads. Repetitive inhalations are then responsible for a decrease in the long-term life expectancy of operated patients. In the most severe situations, acute dyspnea occurs in the early postoperative period and requires emergency tracheostomy. In general, we speak of recurrent paralysis to qualify the symptoms related to trauma of the recurrent nerve. It is estimated that about 10% of operated patients suffer from postoperative recurrent paralysis. Beyond the purely medical plan, recurrent paralysis presents medico-economic problems in terms of length of hospital stay, care, work stoppage, and / or professional reclassification of patients.
- Medico-legal procedures are also frequent when the risk of recurrent paralysis has not been announced or when the diagnosis was made late.
- An early diagnosis of recurrent paralysis is therefore essential in order to quickly start a suitable treatment, and thus limit the development of the disorder and the installation of compensation mechanisms, for example compensation by the unresponsive vocal cord.
- recurrent paralysis is diagnosed by direct or indirect laryngoscopy, or nasofibroscopy. Indirect laryngoscopy involves looking at the patient's vocal cords by introducing a mirror into the back of the throat. This examination, although simple and inexpensive, has the disadvantage of being poorly supported by most patients with a significant nausea reflex, limiting in practice the duration of observation. Likewise, this examination is very imprecise.
- Direct laryngoscopy also allows visual examination of the patient's vocal cords.
- This examination can be coupled with stroboscopy to analyze the ripples of the vocal cords.
- This examination is carried out only by trained operators, in expert centers possessing these instruments. It presents the same problems of tolerance by the patient.
- Nasofibroscopy currently the gold standard for the diagnosis of recurrent paralysis, involves introducing a flexible optic fiber through a nasal cavity, advancing to the supra-glottal laryngeal floor, and observing the mobility of vocal cords when phoning the patient.
- This examination can be performed with or without local anesthesia of the nasal cavity and throat. Even under anesthesia, the exam is described as uncomfortable or even painful by more than a third of patients, and may cause vagal discomfort.
- nasofibroscope presents a risk of trauma to the nasal mucosa of haemorrhagic type.
- nasofibroscopy can be difficult or impossible to achieve.
- the three types of examination - direct and indirect laryngoscopy, and nasofibroscopy - all provide subjective and qualitative information on voice cord mobility. In summary, they require the know-how and analysis of a specialist, usually an otolaryngologist, without providing quantitative data on the degree of paralysis of the vocal cords.
- An object of the invention is in particular to remedy all or some of the aforementioned drawbacks by proposing an image processing method, which provides objective and quantitative information on a person's vocal cord mobility, while being non-invasive .
- the invention is based on the use of one or more images representing the larynx of the person, on the highlighting of characteristic points of the movement of the vocal cords, and on the determination of one or more quantified parameters. , so-called characterization, indicators of vocal cord mobility.
- the subject of the invention is a method for processing images from an image representing the larynx of a person.
- the method comprises a step of determining, in the image, the positions of the thyroid cartilage and arytenoid cartilage and / or left arytenoid cartilage, and a step of determining a characterization parameter from the respective positions of these cartilages.
- the thyroid cartilage, the right arytenoid cartilage and the left arytenoid cartilage, and more particularly their vertices, correspond to points of attachment of the vocal cords to the larynx of the person.
- Thyroid cartilage also called Adam's apple, forms a point median fixed anchor in front of the larynx.
- Arytenoid cartilages form a movable posterior attachment point for each vocal cord.
- the inventors have been able to show that the movement of these attachment points was representative of the movement of the vocal cords. Thus, if the fixation points are visible on the image, but the vocal cords can not be identified with certainty, it is still possible to characterize and quantify their movement.
- the image representing the larynx of the person is preferably chosen so as to allow easy, reliable and reproducible identification of the thyroid and arytenoid cartilages.
- the image is acquired by an ultrasound technique. This is called an ultrasound image.
- the thyroid and arytenoid cartilages have the property of being hyperechoic (easily visible on the ultrasound image), unlike the vocal cords which are hypoechoic and therefore hardly visible by ultrasound.
- the inventors have been able to demonstrate that the cartilages in question are almost always visible in a transverse (or axial) ultrasound sectional plane, in free breathing or in phonation, whatever the sound emitted.
- the ultrasound image is for example acquired using a linear probe placed opposite the thyroid cartilage, the acoustic beam scanning to obtain a two-dimensional image.
- the probe is oriented to obtain an image substantially corresponding to a cross section of the larynx.
- Other dynamic imaging techniques can also be used, such as MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) or CT.
- the image can be a two-dimensional (two-dimensional spatial) or three-dimensional (three-dimensional spatial) image.
- the image is symmetrical about the median plane of the larynx, i.e., a sagittal plane passing through the vertex of the thyroid cartilage.
- the image processing method may use a sequence of images, i.e.
- the image processing method may comprise, prior to the step of determining the positions of the thyroid and arytenoid cartilages, a step of acquiring a sequence of images each representing the larynx of a person.
- the images are for example acquired by an ultrasound technique as described above.
- the image sequence is acquired during a free breathing of the person.
- free breathing is meant a breathing during which the vocal cords are not solicited in phonation.
- the free breathing can then be automatic, where the patient will breathe normally without sound, or forced, that is to say that the patient voluntarily amplify his breathing without emitting sound.
- Free breathing has the particularity of generating a cyclic movement of the vocal cords between an open position and a closed position. The amplitude of the movement of the vocal cords between these positions is of the order of a centimeter.
- an opening image and / or a closing image An aperture image represents the larynx of the person in an open position of the vocal cords
- a closure image represents the larynx in a closed position of the vocal cords.
- Acquisition of images by ultrasound may use an imaging technique called time reversal.
- a technique consists of emitting successively from at least two emission points, an incident acoustic wave towards a zone of interest.
- a set of receivers arranged at a distance from the area of interest, measure the diffracted and / or reflected portion of the incident wave considered, called the diffracted wave.
- the diffracted wave is then returned to the time domain to determine, by numerical calculation or analytic formula, a so-called inverted wave.
- the results can be improved by adding the detection signal obtained for one emission point with the detection signal obtained for another emission point.
- the technique of time reversal imaging allows better visualization of structures located behind the thyroid cartilage, especially in men for whom this cartilage (Adam's apple) is prominent.
- the characterization parameter can be defined by several quantities, in particular by a distance, an angle or a surface. In any case, it is a quantized characterization parameter, that is to say giving a numerical information relating to the position configuration of the thyroid cartilage (fixed point) with respect to one of the cartilages arytenoids or both cartilages (moving points).
- the characterization parameter can also be defined according to two points called right middle point and left middle point.
- the right midpoint is defined as a point of intersection between the median plane of the larynx and an axis orthogonal to the median plane passing through the right arytenoid cartilage.
- the left midpoint is defined as a point of intersection between the median plane of the larynx and an axis orthogonal to the median plane passing through the left arytenoid cartilage.
- the characterization parameter can be defined by one of the following distances:
- ⁇ a distance D M AD between the arytenoid cartilage right and the midpoint law; ⁇ a distance D M AG between the left arytenoid cartilage and the left midpoint.
- a coronal plane of the larynx is defined as a plane perpendicular to the median plane and any transverse plane of the larynx.
- the characterization parameter is defined by one of the following surfaces:
- ⁇ S D surface defined by a triangle defined by the thyroid cartilage, arytenoid cartilage and the right midpoint law
- ⁇ a surface S G delimited by a triangle defined by the thyroid cartilage, the left arytenoid cartilage and the left midpoint.
- the image processing method may comprise a step of determining a plurality of characterization parameters.
- an additional step of determining a so-called composite characterization parameter can be performed.
- a composite characterization parameter is determined by a relationship integrating at least two characterization parameters. It can in particular be a product, a quotient or a difference of two characterization parameters.
- a first characterization parameter may be analyzed and, depending on the result of this analysis, a second characterization parameter may be chosen and determined. For a large part of the pathologies of recurrent paralysis, the vocal cords do not have the same degree of hypomobility.
- Quantified information on the degree of symmetry of arytenoid cartilages in a given position therefore provides useful information for the determination of recurrent paralysis and a possible prognosis for recovery of cordial mobility.
- two so-called complementary characterization parameters are determined.
- One of these complementary parameters is defined relative to the right arytenoid cartilage and the other complementary parameter is the equivalent characterization parameter defined with respect to the left arytenoid cartilage.
- the method may then comprise, in addition, a step of determining a symmetry index as a function of the complementary characterization parameters.
- a symmetry index corresponds to a particular case of composite characterization parameter.
- the image from which the characterization parameter (s) is determined is advantageously a so-called opening image representing the larynx of the person in an open position of the vocal cords. Even more advantageously, the image represents the larynx of the person in a position of maximum opening of the vocal cords.
- the symmetry index is for example obtained by the relation:
- S D o is the area S D defined for the aperture image
- S G o is the area S G defined for the aperture image.
- the symmetry index could also be determined by the relation:
- D T AD O is the distance D TA D defined for the aperture image
- D TA G O is the distance D T AG defined for the aperture image
- the degree of mobility of the vocal cords is advantageously determined by comparing the position of the arytenoid cartilages between the open and closed positions of the vocal cords.
- two images are used, a first image, called the aperture image, representing the larynx of the person in an open position of the vocal cords, and a second image, called the closing image, representing the larynx in a closed position of the vocal cords.
- the step of determining a characterization parameter determines a so-called opening characterization parameter, starting from the respective position of the cartilages in the opening image, and a so-called closing characterization parameter, starting from the respective position of the cartilages in the closure image.
- the opening and closing characterization parameters correspond to the same characterization parameter.
- the method may then comprise, in addition, a step of determining a mobility index as a function of the aperture characterization parameter and the closure characterization parameter.
- the determination of the degree of symmetry between the right and left arytenoid cartilages can advantageously be associated with the comparison of the positions of these cartilages between the open and closed positions of the vocal cords.
- two complementary characterization parameters are said opening values are determined for the aperture image and two so-called complementary closure characterization parameters are determined for the closure image.
- the additional characterization parameters are identical for the aperture image and the closure image, in order to allow their comparison.
- the method then further comprises a step of determining a mobility symmetry index from the complementary aperture characterization parameters and the complementary closure characterization parameters.
- a mobility symmetry index corresponds to a particular case of composite characterization parameter.
- the mobility symmetry index is for example determined by the relation:
- S D , o is the area S D defined for the aperture image
- S D , F is the area S D defined for the closure image
- S G , o is the area S G defined for the image of opening
- S G / F is the surface S G defined for the closure image.
- the mobility symmetry index could also be determined by the relation:
- D TAD O is the distance D TAD defined for the opening image
- D TAD F is the distance D TAD defined for the closing image
- D TA G O is the distance D TAG defined for the aperture image
- D TAG / F is the distance D TAG defined for the closing image.
- the method according to the invention may also include a step of selecting an aperture image and a closing image in a sequence of images representing the person's larynx during a vocal cord movement.
- This selection step can be manual or automated. It can also be semi-automated. A image or some consecutive images can be proposed to an operator who can if necessary redefine the images of opening and closing.
- the opening image is selected to correspond to a maximum opening of the vocal cords
- the closing image is selected to correspond to a maximum closure of the vocal cords.
- the maximum opening of the vocal cords is normally obtained during the inspiration, and the maximum closure during an expiration. The maximum closure can also be obtained during the phonation of the person.
- the step of selecting an opening image and a closing image comprises:
- the intensity of the points of the images may notably be related to an amplitude of the ultrasound echoes received in the case of ultrasound images, or to a quantity of electromagnetic radiation received in the case of images acquired by MRI or scanner.
- the intensity curve with the most intensity variations can be the one with the greatest number of extrema, or the one with the largest difference between a local minimum and a local maximum, consecutive or not.
- the step of selecting an opening image and a closing image comprises:
- the different steps of the method according to the invention can be carried out by technical means, for example using purely material means or hardware and software means. These technical means may be separate or not for each step of the process.
- the step of determining the positions of the cartilages can be performed by means of a software interface allowing an operator to select the position of each cartilage in the image presented to him.
- An object recognition algorithm in an image could also be used to automate the determination of cartilage positions. After the automatic determination of the positions of the cartilages, it is possible to let an operator correct these positions.
- the image processing method according to the invention does not constitute a diagnostic method. Indeed, the method comprises neither step of comparison to threshold values, nor step relative to the curative diagnosis, that is to say a deductive decision phase from the obtained quantized data.
- These different data namely the characterization parameters, the symmetry, mobility, and mobility symmetry indices, need to be exploited and interpreted by a physician, in combination with other external process parameters, such as the age and sex of the person.
- the invention also relates to a computer program arranged to perform the steps of the method described above when it is executed in at least one computer.
- the invention also relates to a medium that can be read by at least one computer, comprising a computer program arranged to perform the steps of the method described above when it is executed in at least one computer.
- the support is for example a digital optical disk (CD) on which are engraved instructions corresponding to the treatment method according to the invention, or a USB key in which these instructions are stored.
- CD digital optical disk
- the invention finally relates to an imaging device comprising image acquisition means each representing the larynx of a person, and processing means arranged to perform the steps of the method according to the invention.
- the imaging device is for example an ultrasound system comprising computer processing means arranged to execute the steps of the method according to the invention.
- FIG. 1 represents a first example of an image processing method according to the invention
- FIG. 2 represents an ultrasound image on which are positioned the reference points representing the thyroid and arytenoid cartilages (points of fixation of the vocal cords);
- FIG. 3 illustrates examples of characterization parameters each defined by a distance
- FIG. 4 illustrates examples of characterization parameters each defined by an angle
- FIGS. 5A and 5B illustrate examples of characterization parameters each defined by a surface
- FIG. 6 represents a second example of an image processing method according to the invention.
- FIG. 7 represents a first exemplary step of selecting an aperture image and a closing image for the image processing method according to the invention.
- FIG. 8 represents a second exemplary step of selecting an aperture image and a closing image.
- variants of the invention comprising only a selection of characteristics described, subsequently isolated from the other characteristics described (even if this selection is isolated at within a sentence including these other features), if this selection of features is sufficient to confer a technical advantage or to differentiate the invention from the state of the art.
- This selection comprises at least one characteristic, preferably functional without structural details, or with only a part of the structural details if this part alone is sufficient to confer a technical advantage or to differentiate the invention from the state of the prior art .
- FIG. 1 represents a first example of an image processing method according to the invention.
- the method 10 comprises a first step 11 of acquiring an image sequence of the larynx of a person, a second step 12 of selecting an aperture image, a third step 13 of determining the positions of the thyroid cartilages. and arytenoids, a fourth step 14 for determining complementary characterization parameters, and a fifth step 15 determining a symmetry index.
- the images acquired during step 11 are two-dimensional or three-dimensional images. They identify and position the thyroid cartilage, and arytenoid cartilages right and left.
- the images are two-dimensional ultrasound images, although other imaging techniques can be used as long as they make it possible to position the cartilages on which the vocal cords are fixed.
- the ultrasound images can be acquired while the person is in the supine position (flat back), using a linear probe placed next to the thyroid cartilage.
- a scanning of the acoustic beam is performed either by the operator or by the ultrasound system.
- the probe is for example oriented towards the lower part of the person, in order to obtain images in a substantially transverse cutting plane.
- transverse sectional plan is meant a plane separating the body of the person in an upper part, the side of the head, and a lower part, the side of the feet.
- the probe is preferably oriented symmetrically with respect to the median plane, that is, the plane separating the right and left halves of the person's body.
- the frequencies used for the acquisition of the images vary for example between 1.5 MHz and about 50 MHz, and preferably between about 10 MHz and about 14 MHz, depending on the echogenicity of the person. Images can be acquired over a period of about 10 seconds, with spontaneous breathing of the person, and a rate of about 30 frames per second.
- the step 12 of selecting an opening image consists in selecting, in the image sequence, the image corresponding to an open position of the vocal cords.
- the choice of the open position of the vocal cords is preferred to that of the closed position insofar as paralysis or hypomobility of the vocal cords generally manifests itself in this position, a paralyzed vocal cord remaining in the closed position.
- it is an open position extreme, in order to facilitate the determination of a degree of immobility.
- the selection of the aperture image is for example performed by an operator comparing one by one the ultrasound images and selecting the one where at least one of the right and left arytenoid cartilages is in an extreme position during the movement of opening and closing.
- Step 13 of determining the positions of the thyroid and arytenoid cartilages is to identify these cartilages and to position them in the opening image. Specifically, it is to determine the coordinates of each cartilage in a frame related to the opening image.
- the positioning can be performed by an operator or by an image processing algorithm.
- the image processing algorithm can also be used to preposition the cartilages in the image, an operator adjusting and / or validating these positions.
- the cartilages, in particular the right and left arytenoid cartilages are identified with respect to a same point, for example their midpoint, their apex or their center of mass, in order to compare symmetrical data.
- the top of a cartilage is the precise point of attachment to a vocal cord. For the sake of ease of reading, we will generally speak simply of cartilage to designate the position of this cartilage or that of the reference point considered.
- FIG. 2 represents an ultrasound image, in this case an image corresponding to the maximum opening of the vocal cords, on which are positioned landmarks representing the vertex of the thyroid cartilage 21, the vertex of the right arytenoid cartilage 22, and the left arytenoid cartilage apex 23.
- the positions of the cartilages 21, 22, 23 allow to define, using a median plane PM, illustrated by a vertical axis, and a coronal plane PC, illustrated by a horizontal axis , a right mid-point 24 and a left mid-point 25.
- the frontal or coronal plane is a plane separating the body of the person in an anterior or ventral part and a posterior or dorsal part.
- the right midpoint 24 is defined as a point of intersection between the median plane PM and an axis orthogonal to the median plane PM and passing through the right arytenoidal cartilage 22.
- the left midpoint 25 is defined as a point of intersection between the median plane PM and an axis orthogonal to the median plane PM and passing through the left arytenoid cartilage 23.
- the step 14 of determining complementary characterization parameters consists in determining two characterization parameters, namely a right-oriented characterization parameter, relative to the position of the right arytenoid cartilage, and a left-handed characterization parameter relating to the position of the left arytenoid cartilage.
- the right and left characterization parameters are normally defined by the same relationship, replacing the position of the right arytenoid cartilage with that of the left arytenoid cartilage, in order to be able to observe their symmetry.
- Figure 3 illustrates examples of characterization parameters each defined by a distance. These parameters are called “distance characterization parameters".
- a first characterization parameter D TAD is defined as the distance between the thyroid cartilage 21 and the right arytenoid cartilage 22.
- a second characterization parameter D TAG is defined as the distance between the thyroid cartilage 21 and the left arytenoid cartilage 23.
- a third characterization parameter D MAD is defined as being the distance between the right arytenoidal cartilage 22 and the right midpoint 24.
- a fourth characterization parameter D MAG is defined as being the distance between the left arytenoid cartilage 23 and the left midpoint. 25.
- Figure 4 illustrates examples of characterization parameters each defined by an angle. These parameters are called “angular characterization parameters".
- a first characterization parameter MAD is defined as being the angle between the median plane PM and a line passing through the thyroid cartilage 21 and the right arytenoid cartilage 22.
- a second characterization parameter A MAG is defined as the angle between the median plane PM and a line passing through the cartilage Thyroid 21 and left arytenoid cartilage 23.
- a third characterization parameter A A c is defined as the angle between the coronal plane PC and the line passing through the arytenoid cartilages 22 and 23.
- FIGS. 5A and 5B illustrate examples of characterization parameters each defined by a surface. These parameters are called "surface characterization parameters".
- a first characterization parameter S D is defined as the area delimited by a triangle defined by the thyroid cartilage 21, the right arytenoid cartilage 22 and the right midpoint 24.
- a second characterization parameter S G is defined as being the delimited surface by a triangle defined by the thyroid cartilage 21, the arytenoid left cartilage 23 and the left midpoint 25.
- the characterization parameters D TAD and D TAG are complementary. The same is true of the characterization parameters D MAD and D MA G, A MAD and A MA G, and S D and S G , respectively. Step 14 thus consists in determining one of these pairs of characterization parameters.
- the positions of the thyroid and arytenoid cartilages, and the characterization parameters are determined relative to an aperture image.
- the characterization parameters are therefore indexed with the letter 'O' for opening: D TAD , O , DTAG, O, DMAD, O, D AG, O, A AD, O, A AG, O, AAC, O, SD, O and SG, O-
- the step 15 of determining a symmetry index consists in comparing the complementary characterization parameters, and in providing a symmetry index representative of their degree of similarity.
- the symmetry index provides quantitative data relating to the symmetry of right and left arytenoid cartilages. It thus makes it possible to highlight a possible asymmetry of mobility of the vocal cords, and to quantify it.
- the symmetry index is, for example, an open area ratio R s , o, determined by the relation:
- the characterization parameter A A c defined by the angle between the coronal plane and the straight line passing through the arytenoid cartilages provides as such a quantified information relating to the degree of symmetry of the right and left arytenoid cartilages.
- This characterization parameter A A c could therefore be called "symmetry index”.
- FIG. 6 represents a second example of an image processing method according to the invention.
- This method 60 differs from the method of FIG. 1 in that it does not provide information on the degree of symmetry between right and left arytenoid cartilages in a given configuration, but on the degree of symmetry of their mobility.
- the method 60 comprises a step 11 of acquiring a sequence of ultrasound images, a step 62 of selecting an aperture image and a closing image, a step 63 of determining the positions of the thyroid cartilages and arytenoids for each image, a step 64 for determining complementary characterization parameters for each image, a step 65 for determining a right mobility index and a left mobility index, and a step 66 for determining an index symmetry of mobility.
- the step 62 of selecting an aperture image and a closing image consists in selecting, in the sequence of images acquired during step 11, a first image corresponding to an open position of the vocal cords. and a second image corresponding to a closed position of the vocal cords. Preferably, this is extreme opening and closing positions.
- the step 62 of selecting the opening and closing images can be manual or automated. Exemplary embodiments of this step in an automated manner are given hereinafter with reference to FIGS. 7 and 8.
- the step 63 of determining the positions of the cartilages consists, as for step 13, in identifying the cartilages in the image. opening and closing image and position them in these images. This step can also be manual or automated.
- Step 64 consists in determining a right characterization parameter and a left characterization parameter for the aperture image, and the same characterization parameters for the closure image. These are for example the characterization parameters S D and S G , that is to say S D , o and S G , o for the opening image, and S D , F and S G , F for the closing image.
- Step 65 of determining left and right mobility indices generally consists in comparing the same characterization parameter between the aperture image and the closure image. The mobility index is therefore indicative of an amplitude of the movement of a vocal cord or both vocal cords.
- the mobility index right IM S D is for example defined by the relation:
- the left mobility index IM S G is then defined by the relation:
- the step 66 of determining a mobility symmetry index is to compare a right mobility index with a corresponding left mobility index, and to provide a mobility symmetry index representative of their degree of similarity.
- the mobility symmetry index thus provides quantitative data relating to the symmetry of the movement amplitudes of the right and left arytenoid cartilages.
- the mobility symmetry index is for example a difference E G D between a right laryngeal discharge fraction and a left laryngeal discharge fraction, determined by the relation: It should be noted that the step 66 of determining a mobility symmetry index can be carried out directly without going through step 65 of determining right and left mobility indices. Step 65 is therefore optional.
- the characterization parameter A A c provides quantized information relating to the degree of symmetry of the arytoid right and left cartilages. This characterization parameter A A c could thus be used in place of the additional characterization parameters.
- the method described with reference to FIG. 6 would not include step 64 of determining complementary characterization parameters, and step 65 of determining right and left mobility indices, and step 66 of determining a mobility symmetry index would be performed by comparing the characterization parameter A A c, o for the opening image and the characterization parameter A AC , F for the closure image.
- the mobility symmetry index I SM can be defined by the relation:
- Fig. 7 shows a first example of step 62 of selecting an aperture image and a closing image.
- the opening and closing images are selected in a sequence of images representing the larynx of a person. This is for example the sequence of two-dimensional ultrasound images acquired during step 11 described with reference to FIG. 1.
- a first substep 71 the positions of the thyroid cartilage and at least one arytenoid cartilages are determined for each image of the sequence. This substep 71 may be performed analogously to steps 13 and 63.
- the same characterization parameter is determined for each image of the sequence as a function of the respective positions of the cartilages.
- the characterization parameter used in this substep 72 may be identical to or different from the characterization parameter (s) used for the continuation of the method, in step 14 or 64.
- the characterization parameter is chosen according to its ability to reflect the movement of one or both arytenoid cartilages. This is for example the parameter of distance characterization D TAD OR D TA G-
- a third substep 73 consecutive pairs of extrema are determined among the characterization parameters. Each pair of extrema comprises a local minimum of the characterization parameter and a local maximum consecutive of the characterization parameter. Typically, for a sequence of images acquired for a duration of about 10 seconds, the person will perform at least two breathing cycles.
- a pair of images is selected. This sub-step 74 consists in selecting the images associated with the characterization parameters of the extrema torque having the greatest amplitude.
- the pair of images thus comprises the aperture image and the closure image corresponding to the movement of greater amplitude of the arytenoid cartilage (s).
- Fig. 8 shows a second exemplary step of selecting an aperture image and a closure image.
- an intensity curve is determined for each point of the images of the sequence. Each intensity curve thus represents the evolution of the intensity of a given point in the image sequence, and so over time.
- the intensity curve having the most intensity variations is selected. This is for example the curve with the largest number of extrema, or that with the largest difference between a local minimum and a local maximum, consecutive or not.
- intensity pairs are determined for the selected intensity curve.
- Each intensity pair comprises a first intensity value corresponding to a local minimum and a second intensity value corresponding to a local maximum. These intensity values are chosen as consecutive from each other, in order to overcome a possible movement of the person with respect to the image acquisition device.
- the images associated with the pair of intensities having the largest difference between the local minimum and the local maximum are selected. The image associated with the local minimum then forms the opening image, and the image associated with the local maximum forms the closure image.
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1454310A FR3020939A1 (fr) | 2014-05-14 | 2014-05-14 | Procede de traitement d'images en vue de determiner un degre de mobilite des cordes vocales |
| PCT/EP2015/060059 WO2015173109A1 (fr) | 2014-05-14 | 2015-05-07 | Procede de traitement d'images en vue de determiner un degre de mobilite des cordes vocales |
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| EP3142561A1 true EP3142561A1 (fr) | 2017-03-22 |
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| EP15724951.7A Withdrawn EP3142561A1 (fr) | 2014-05-14 | 2015-05-07 | Procede de traitement d'images en vue de determiner un degre de mobilite des cordes vocales |
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| EP (1) | EP3142561A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3020939A1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2015173109A1 (fr) |
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| CN110313944A (zh) * | 2019-06-26 | 2019-10-11 | 上海市嘉定区中心医院 | 一种气道测量的数据处理的方法 |
| CN112634266B (zh) * | 2021-01-06 | 2024-03-19 | 厦门大学 | 喉镜图像的半自动标注方法、介质、设备及装置 |
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