EP3129830A1 - Dispositif optique a retournement de photons - Google Patents
Dispositif optique a retournement de photonsInfo
- Publication number
- EP3129830A1 EP3129830A1 EP15714826.3A EP15714826A EP3129830A1 EP 3129830 A1 EP3129830 A1 EP 3129830A1 EP 15714826 A EP15714826 A EP 15714826A EP 3129830 A1 EP3129830 A1 EP 3129830A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- zone
- photon
- spectral band
- dye
- core
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/35—Non-linear optics
- G02F1/365—Non-linear optics in an optical waveguide structure
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B19/00—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics
- G02B19/0004—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the optical means employed
- G02B19/0019—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the optical means employed having reflective surfaces only (e.g. louvre systems, systems with multiple planar reflectors)
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02042—Multicore optical fibres
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02052—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating comprising optical elements other than gratings, e.g. filters
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02295—Microstructured optical fibre
- G02B6/02314—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes
- G02B6/02342—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes characterised by cladding features, i.e. light confining region
- G02B6/02347—Longitudinal structures arranged to form a regular periodic lattice, e.g. triangular, square, honeycomb unit cell repeated throughout cladding
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/036—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating core or cladding comprising multiple layers
- G02B6/03694—Multiple layers differing in properties other than the refractive index, e.g. attenuation, diffusion, stress properties
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/35—Non-linear optics
- G02F1/353—Frequency conversion, i.e. wherein a light beam is generated with frequency components different from those of the incident light beams
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2/00—Demodulating light; Transferring the modulation of modulated light; Frequency-changing of light
- G02F2/02—Frequency-changing of light, e.g. by quantum counters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
- H10F77/40—Optical elements or arrangements
- H10F77/42—Optical elements or arrangements directly associated or integrated with photovoltaic cells, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
- H10F77/40—Optical elements or arrangements
- H10F77/42—Optical elements or arrangements directly associated or integrated with photovoltaic cells, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
- H10F77/45—Wavelength conversion means, e.g. by using luminescent material, fluorescent concentrators or up-conversion arrangements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
- H10F77/40—Optical elements or arrangements
- H10F77/42—Optical elements or arrangements directly associated or integrated with photovoltaic cells, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
- H10F77/484—Refractive light-concentrating means, e.g. lenses
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
- H10F77/40—Optical elements or arrangements
- H10F77/42—Optical elements or arrangements directly associated or integrated with photovoltaic cells, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
- H10F77/488—Reflecting light-concentrating means, e.g. parabolic mirrors or concentrators using total internal reflection
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
- H10F77/40—Optical elements or arrangements
- H10F77/42—Optical elements or arrangements directly associated or integrated with photovoltaic cells, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
- H10F77/492—Spectrum-splitting means, e.g. dichroic mirrors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02295—Microstructured optical fibre
- G02B6/023—Microstructured optical fibre having different index layers arranged around the core for guiding light by reflection, i.e. 1D crystal, e.g. omniguide
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02295—Microstructured optical fibre
- G02B6/02314—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes
- G02B6/02319—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes characterised by core or core-cladding interface features
- G02B6/02338—Structured core, e.g. core contains more than one material, non-constant refractive index distribution in core, asymmetric or non-circular elements in core unit, multiple cores, insertions between core and clad
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02295—Microstructured optical fibre
- G02B6/02314—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes
- G02B6/02342—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes characterised by cladding features, i.e. light confining region
- G02B6/02366—Single ring of structures, e.g. "air clad"
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2202/00—Materials and properties
- G02F2202/32—Photonic crystals
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators
Definitions
- the technical field of the invention is that of optical devices with photon flipping.
- One aspect of the present invention relates to a photon flipping optical device for converting an incident light flux into a quasi-monochromatic light beam.
- the present invention finds particular application in the field of photovoltaic solar quantum concentrators.
- Photonic crystal optical fibers also called “microstructured fibers” or “photonic bandgap fibers,” use a light confinement mechanism based on the periodicity of their index structure.
- microstructured fibers also called “microstructured fibers” or “photonic bandgap fibers”
- high index core fibers in which a sheath comprising a periodic arrangement of low index inclusions surrounds a defect, that is to say a lack of inclusion, which serves as a core;
- low index core fibers in which a sheath comprising a periodic arrangement of high index inclusions surrounds a defect, that is to say a lack of inclusion, which serves as a core.
- the confinement mechanism can therefore be likened to the guiding mechanism in a dielectric waveguide.
- the periodic index structure of the micro-structured sheath leads to the formation of forbidden energy bands: thus, certain wavelengths can not propagate in the micro sheath. -struct lawe. Therefore, if we introduce into the structure a defect able to support a mode whose effective index is less than that of the heart and is in the forbidden band, the light will be confined in this defect.
- the photonic crystal microstructure of the sheath will behave as a reflecting mirror for photons whose propagation directions are transverse to the axis of the fiber and whose wavelength belongs to the bandgap.
- micro-structured fibers There are several types of micro-structured fibers:
- the photonic crystal is obtained by the alternation of concentric quarter-wave layers of two materials of different indices, for example polymethyl methacrylate PMMA. on the one hand and polystyrene on the other.
- the holes produce a band gap and can be arranged in a hexagonal network, "honeycomb", in a square network or in one or more concentric rings around the heart.
- a fluorescent concentrator is typically made of PMMA and contains a fluorescent dye.
- the fluorescent dye has an absorption spectral band and an emission spectral band.
- a photon of wavelength A a belonging to the spectral absorption band of the dye reaches the concentrator and encounters a molecule of dye, it is absorbed by the said molecule and then reemitted at a wavelength A e belonging to to the spectral emission band of the dye.
- the emission wavelength A e is greater than the absorption wavelength A a , which reflects the fact that the reemitted photon is of lower energy than the initially absorbed photon.
- An optical device with photon flipping thus typically comprises a core zone, a flipping zone comprising a fluorescent reversal dye and a microstructured cladding zone.
- the micro-structured cladding zone has an allowed spectral band and a forbidden spectral band.
- the wavelength photons belonging to the allowed spectral band can propagate in the cladding region, whereas the wavelength photons belonging to the forbidden spectral band can not propagate in the cladding zone.
- the fluorescent dye is chosen so that its absorption spectral band covers at least partially the authorized spectral band of the microstructured cladding zone, and that its emission spectral band covers at least partially the forbidden spectral band of the zone. micro-structured sheath.
- a photon-turning optical device thus makes it possible to convert an incident light flux, picked up laterally by the microstructured cladding zone, into an almost monochromatic and anisotropic beam propagating in the core zone.
- prior art photon flip optics have a low conversion efficiency of less than 10% for lightguide thicknesses greater than one millimeter.
- the present invention makes it possible to solve this drawback by proposing an optical device with photon flipping having a better conversion efficiency.
- One aspect of the invention thus relates to an optical device with photon flipping for the conversion of an incident light flux into a quasi-monochromatic light beam, the optical device comprising:
- a sheath region comprising a photonic crystal microstructure, the photonic crystal microstructure having a spectral band allowed and a forbidden spectral band;
- a turning zone comprising a fluorescent reversal dye having:
- spectral band of fluorescence absorption covering at least partially the authorized spectral band of the photonic crystal microstructure
- a fluorescence emission spectral band at least partially covering the forbidden spectral band of the photonic crystal microstructure
- a core area arranged to allow the propagation of a monochromatic light beam having a wavelength belonging to the forbidden spectral band of the photonic crystal microstructure, the photonic crystal microstructure surrounding the core area;
- the core area having a thickness E1 less than or equal to five times the wavelength of the maximum fluorescence emission of the fluorescent dye for inversion.
- a quasi-monochromatic light beam means a beam of light having a spectral band whose width at half height is less than or equal to the minimum between the width at half height of the spectral band of light. emission of the fluorescent dye and the width at half height of the forbidden spectral band of the photonic crystal microstructure.
- the half-height width of the spectral band of the quasi-monochromatic light beam is generally less than 100 nm, and often less than 50 nm.
- photonic crystal microstructure surrounds the heart zone means that the photonic crystal microstructure partially or completely surrounds the heart zone.
- photon flipping means that a light beam whose photons propagate substantially at least along a reference line is obtained from a multidirectional light flux, the photons of which propagate in multiple propagation directions. from space.
- a device photon-reversing optics thus allows the change of direction, or in other words the reversal, of at least a portion of the photons of an initial multidirectional luminous flux.
- the sheath region comprising a photonic crystal microstructure, called a "micro-structured sheath zone”
- the allowed spectral band of the microstructured cladding zone at least partially covers the spectrum of the incident light flux.
- the photons of the incident light flux whose wavelength belongs to the allowed spectral band of the micro-structured cladding zone can thus propagate through the microstructured cladding zone.
- the fluorescent dye of the turnaround zone is chosen so that its fluorescence absorption spectral band covers at least partially the authorized spectral band of the microstructured cladding zone, and that its fluorescence emission spectral band covers at least partially the forbidden spectral band of the microstructured cladding zone.
- photons whose wavelength belongs to both the allowed spectral band of the micro-structured cladding region and the fluorescence absorption spectral band of the fluorescence dye can propagate in the micro-cladding zone.
- the core zone has a thickness E1 less than or equal to five times the wavelength of the maximum fluorescence emission of the fluorescent dye for reversal advantageously makes it possible to create a quantum effect at the heart of the phenomenon of photon flipping, and thus to provide a photon flipping optical device with improved conversion efficiency.
- This quantum effect originates from the anisotropic inhibition of spontaneous deexcitation in the near field of the fluorescent dye, because of the electromagnetic interaction of the photonic crystal with the wave function of the photons reemitted by the fluorescent dye.
- the said quantum effect characterizes the amplitude of the quantum interaction between the photonic crystal of the cladding zone and the fluorescent de-quenching of the fluorescent dye.
- the intensity of this quantum effect is strongly influenced by the diameter of the central core of the fiber.
- the diameter of the central core of the fiber is thus chosen to be lower, and advantageously five times smaller, than the value of the wavelength of the photons emitted, since said quantum effect takes place only in the near field.
- the obtaining of said quantum effect is furthermore all the more favored as the quality factor of the waveguide formed by the core of the fiber is high.
- a high quality factor of the waveguide formed by the heart of the fiber indeed favors the Purcell effect.
- the Purcell effect enhances fluorescence by amplifying the fluorescence quantum yield of the dye, promoting radiative transitions to the detriment of non-radiative transitions.
- the photonic crystal is advantageously the most efficient possible: it is on the one hand to increase radially the volume of the photonic crystal so that the photons can meet a large number of patterns within said photonic crystal, and on the other hand that the characteristic dimensions of said photonic crystal are very little dispersed - the dispersion of said characteristic dimensions is advantageously less than or equal to 5%.
- the photon-reversing optical device according to the invention may have one or more additional characteristics among the following, considered individually or in any technically possible combination:
- the authorized spectral band of the micro-structured sheath zone is advantageously the widest possible.
- the allowed spectral band of the microstructured cladding area covers as much as possible of the spectrum of the incident light flux.
- the authorized spectral band of the microstructured cladding zone is advantageously included in the fluorescence absorption spectral band of the reversal dye.
- the wavelength photons belonging to the allowed spectral band of the sheath area micro-structured are also wavelengths belonging to the spectral band of fluorescence absorption of the reversal dye.
- all the photons able to propagate in the micro-structured sheath zone are also likely to be absorbed by the reversal dye.
- the overlap between the allowed spectral band of the microstructured cladding zone and the spectral absorption band of fluorescence of the reversal dye is advantageously maximum.
- the spectral band of fluorescence emission of the reversal dye is advantageously included in the forbidden spectral band of the cladding zone.
- the wavelength photons belonging to the fluorescence emission spectral band of the reversal dye are also of wavelength belonging to the forbidden spectral band of the cladding zone.
- all the photons emitted by the reversal dye are likely to be guided by the heart zone.
- the overlap between the spectral band of fluorescence emission of the reversal dye and the forbidden spectral band of the cladding zone is advantageously maximum.
- the thickness E1 of the core zone is advantageously less than or equal to three times the wavelength of the fluorescence emission maximum of the fluorescent reversal dye.
- the core zone is preferably of the dielectric waveguide type.
- the turning zone has a thickness E2 such that:
- the thickness E2 of the turning zone is chosen such that:
- the turning zone is located in at least a portion of the duct zone.
- the photon reversal zone is advantageously distinct from the propagation zone in the core zone.
- the fluorescent reversal dye is located in the sheath area and causes no attenuation in the core area. It is thus possible in particular that the heart zone is air.
- the turning zone is advantageously located in at least a portion of the core zone.
- the coupling of photons propagating in the cladding region with the eigen modes propagating in the core zone is favored. It is then a question of choosing for the fluorescent reversal dye a sufficiently high optical density, at the wavelength of absorption, so that the reversal of the photons is effective, while being sufficiently weak, at the wavelength. emission, to allow a good propagation of the quasi-monochromatic beam.
- the turning zone is located in at least a central portion of the core zone.
- a high coupling is thus obtained between the electric dipole moment of the radiative transition of the fluorescence emission photons, and the eigen modes of the core zone of the device according to one aspect of the invention. Said coupling is even higher than said electric dipole moment is oriented perpendicular to the axis of propagation of the quasi-monochromatic beam in the core zone.
- the turning zone is advantageously located in at least a portion of the cladding zone and in at least a portion of the core zone.
- the coupling of the fluorescence emission photons to the eigen modes propagating in the core zone is facilitated, while making it possible to limit the optical density in the core zone, said optical density being able to penalize the propagation of the photons in the core zone. the heart zone.
- the photon-turning optical device has an optical fiber geometry, the photon-reversing optical device extending along a reference axis and having a symmetry of revolution about said reference axis.
- the core zone of the optical photon reversing device is substantially cylindrical and has a lateral surface of revolution.
- the term "the core zone is surrounded by the photonic crystal microstructure of the sheath region" is then understood to mean that the microstructured cladding zone is in contact with the lateral surface of revolution of the core zone. Still according to this case, a thickness is measured in a radial direction relative to the reference axis.
- Such a device with an optical fiber geometry advantageously makes it possible to facilitate the production of a multi-core device, using, for example, several different fluorescent reversal dyes.
- such an optical fiber geometry allows the realization of a hollow core zone, using air as a propagating medium.
- optical fibers have very precise manufacturing techniques that make it possible to obtain very small geometrical dispersions.
- the optical photon reversing device has an optical film geometry, the optical photon reversing device extending along a reference plane and having a symmetry with respect to said reference plane.
- the core area is a layer extending parallel to the reference plane, while the micro-structured sheath area has first and second regions extending parallel to the reference plane.
- the term "the core area is surrounded by the photonic crystal microstructure of the sheath area” means that the core area is between the first and second regions of the sheath area.
- the first and second regions of the cladding zone extend in contact with the core zone, respectively on either side of the core zone.
- a thickness is measured in a direction perpendicular to the reference plane.
- Such a device with an optical film geometry advantageously provides a larger photon collection area of the incident light flux than in the case of an optical fiber geometry.
- existing rolling mill production techniques make it possible to produce large collection surfaces directly and quickly. It is nevertheless noted that to obtain collector surfaces of nanometric dimensions by rolling, several rolling steps are generally required.
- the optical photon reversing device advantageously comprises a first conversion zone situated around the turning zone, the first conversion zone comprising a first conversion fluorescent dye having a fluorescence emission spectral band at least partially covering the spectral band. Fluorescence absorption of the fluorescent dye.
- the first conversion fluorescent dye having a fluorescence emission spectral band at least partially covering the spectral band. Fluorescence absorption of the fluorescent dye.
- the sum of the absorption spectral bands of the first conversion fluorescent dye and the fluorescent reversal dye covers the widest possible range of the solar spectrum.
- the overlap between the fluorescence emission spectral band of the reversal dye and the spectral absorption band of The fluorescence of the reversal dye is advantageously maximum.
- Another aspect of the invention relates to a multi-core photon flare optical device comprising:
- a core zone comprising a plurality of photon-reversing optical devices according to one aspect of the invention
- a multi-core photon-reversing optical device has an optimized total photon collecting surface.
- the total photon collecting area of the multi-core photon flip optic device is the sum of the photon collecting surfaces of each photon flipping optical device.
- the photon collecting surface of a photon flipping optical device is the surface of the core area of said photon flipping optical device.
- Another aspect of the invention relates to a power generation device comprising:
- At least one optical photon reversing device according to one aspect of the invention.
- At least one photovoltaic cell arranged to be able to capture the quasi-monochromatic light beam emitted at the output of the at least one optical photon reversing device according to one aspect of the invention.
- Such a power generation device advantageously makes it possible to significantly reduce, typically of the order of 100 times, the surface area of the photovoltaic semiconductor of the at least one photovoltaic cell used, compared with a device for producing electricity using a device. with photon flipping according to the prior art.
- the optical device for reversing photons according to one aspect of the invention which is used in said power generation device, makes it possible to obtain a beam of light on the one hand more intense and on the other hand quasi -monochromatic at the wavelength corresponding to the maximum quantum efficiency of the photovoltaic semiconductor.
- Such an electricity generating device also makes it possible to dispense with any system for monitoring the source of the incident light flux, that is to say, typically of the sun.
- a photon-reversing optical device operates efficiently, regardless of the angle of incidence of the incident light flux with respect to the photon-reversing optical device.
- Another aspect of the invention relates to a catalyst device comprising: at least one optical photon reversing device according to one aspect of the invention, and
- At least one catalytic cell arranged to be able to capture the quasi-monochromatic light beam emitted at the output of the at least one photon flipping device.
- Another aspect of the invention relates to a laser emission device comprising:
- At least one optical photon reversing device according to one aspect of the invention.
- At least one laser arranged to be able to capture the quasi-monochromatic light beam emitted at the output of the at least one photon flipping device.
- FIG. 1 shows schematically a perspective view of a photon reversal optical device according to a first variant of a first embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 2 shows a diagram of the propagation frequencies ⁇ permissible as a function of the wave vector k z , in a photonic crystal microstructure of a cladding zone of a photon-reversing optical device according to an embodiment of the invention. 'invention.
- FIG. 3a schematically represents a sectional view of the photon-reversing optical device of FIG. 1.
- FIG. 3b schematically represents a sectional view of an optical device with photon flipping according to a second variant of the first embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 3c schematically represents a sectional view of a photon-reversing optical device according to a third variant of the first embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 4a diagrammatically represents an optical device with a hexagonal section "Holey Fiber” type photon flipping device, and according to the third variant of the first embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 4b schematically represents an optical reversal device of the "Holey Fiber” type of photon, of hexagonal cut, and according to the first variant of the first embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 4c schematically represents a Bragg fiber type optical reversal device and according to the third variant of the first embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 4d schematically represents a cross-sectional view of a circular-type "Holey Fiber” type optical reversal device, and according to the third variant of the first embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 5a schematically represents a sectional view of an optical device with photon flipping according to the first variant of the first embodiment of the invention and comprising a first cascade of fluorescent dyes.
- FIG. 5b schematically represents a sectional view of an optical device with photon flipping according to the first variant of the first embodiment of the invention and comprising a second cascade of fluorescent dyes.
- FIG. 6a schematically represents a sectional view of an optical device with photon flipping according to a first variant of a second embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 6b schematically represents a sectional view of a photon-reversing optical device according to a second variant of the second embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 6c schematically represents a sectional view of an optical device with photon flipping according to a third variant of the second embodiment of the invention.
- FIGS. 7a and 7b show first and second examples of multi-core fibers comprising a plurality of photon-reversing optical devices according to the first embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 8 shows a third example of a multi-core fiber having a core zone comprising a plurality of photon-reversing optical devices according to the first embodiment of the invention.
- FIGS. 9a and 9b show first and second examples of multi-core fibers comprising a cascade of fluorescent conversion dyes.
- FIG. 10a schematically illustrates a first example of a solar optical concentrator comprising an optical device with photon flipping according to one embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 10b schematically illustrates a second example of a solar optical concentrator comprising an optical device with photon flipping according to one embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 10c schematically illustrates a third example of a solar optical concentrator comprising an optical device with photon flipping according to one embodiment of the invention.
- microstructure In the present description, the terms “microstructure”, “photonic crystal” and “photonic crystal microstructure” will be used interchangeably.
- FIG. 1 schematically shows the operating principle of a photon-reversing optical device 10 according to a first variant of a first embodiment of the invention.
- the optical photon reversing device 10 according to this first embodiment has an optical fiber geometry: the optical photon reversing device 10 extends along a reference axis A and has a symmetry of revolution about said reference axis A
- An optical photon-reversing device according to a second embodiment of the invention having an optical film geometry will be described later.
- the photon-reversing optical fiber 10, called “FORP fiber”, comprises:
- a turning zone 12 comprising a fluorescent reversal dye
- microstructured sheath zone 13 comprising a photonic crystal, the micro-structured sheath zone surrounding the core zone 11.
- the turning zone 12 is in at least part of the sheath area micro-structured 13, said at least a portion being in contact with the heart zone 11 and surrounding the heart zone 11.
- FIG 1 schematically shows a flow of incident photons Ph_i.
- the incident photon flux Ph_i is typically polychromatic and multidirectional; it can for example be a solar radiation.
- the incident photon flux Ph_i is polychromatic, it has by definition a broad spectrum. As an indication, the solar spectrum extends at ground level between 280 nm and 4000 nm.
- the case of an incident photon flux Ph.sub.i is considered polychromatic; however, said incident photon flux Ph_i can be quite monochromatic or quasi-monochromatic.
- the case of a multidirectional incident photon flux Ph.sub.i is more particularly considered, but said incident photon flux Ph.sub.i may quite well be unidirectional.
- the photonic crystal of the microstructured cladding zone 13 has an allowed spectral band and a forbidden spectral band.
- the incident photons Ph_i whose wavelength belongs to the allowed spectral band of the photonic crystal can propagate in the microstructured cladding zone 13.
- the authorized spectral band of the photonic crystal is advantageously the largest possible. Thus, as much as possible incident photons Ph.sub.i are allowed to propagate in the microstructured cladding zone 13.
- the fluorescent reversal dye of the reversal zone 12 has a fluorescence absorption spectral band and a fluorescence emission spectral band.
- the spectral band of fluorescence emission is spectrally shifted towards the high wavelengths with respect to the fluorescence absorption spectral band: it is the Stokes displacement.
- the reversal dye is thus capable of absorbing a photon of wavelength belonging to its fluorescence absorption spectral band and then of reemitting it at a higher wavelength belonging to its spectral band. fluorescence emission.
- the re-emitted photon is of longer wavelength, therefore of smaller energy, than the initially absorbed photon.
- the turning zone 12 is located in such a way that the incident photons Ph_i propagating in the microstructured cladding zone 13 can reach the turning zone 12.
- the spectral absorption band of the reversal dye covers at least partially the allowed spectral band of the microstructured cladding zone 13.
- the incident photons Ph_i propagating in the microstructured cladding zone 13 and whose wavelength belongs to the spectral absorption band of the reversal dye may be absorbed by the reversal dye and then re-emitted at a wavelength belonging to the emission spectral band of said reversal dye.
- the spectral band of fluorescence emission at least partially covers the forbidden spectral band of the microstructured sheath zone 13.
- the turning zone 12 is located in such a way that the photons reemitted by the reversal dye can reach the heart zone 1 1.
- the core area 11 is furthermore arranged to allow the propagation of wavelength photons belonging to at least part of the forbidden spectral band of the microstructured sheath 13.
- the photons reemitted by the reversal dye of the turning zone 12 can be guided in the core zone 1 1: it is the output photons Ph_s, represented in FIG. 1.
- FIG. 2 shows a diagram of the propagation frequencies ⁇ allowed as a function of the wave vector k z , in the photonic crystal microstructure of the cladding region of a photon-reversing optical device according to an embodiment of the invention.
- the wave vector k z is a vector perpendicular to the wavefront of a wave monochromatic, which indicates the direction of propagation of said monochromatic wave.
- the diagram in Figure 2 thus shows:
- Figure 2 also shows:
- the absorption spectrum S_abs of the reversal dye partially covers the authorized spectral band B_aut.
- the absorption spectrum S_abs of the reversal dye is included in the authorized spectral band B_aut. The absorption of photons by the reversal dye is therefore isotropic;
- the emission spectrum S_em of the reversal dye completely covers the forbidden spectral band B_int.
- the forbidden spectral band B_int is included in the emission spectrum S_em of the reversal dye.
- the emission of photons by the reversal dye is therefore anisotropic. Indeed, the photons emitted by the reversal and wavelength dye belonging to the forbidden spectral band B_int can not propagate in the micro-structured sheath zone 13 which surrounds the core area 11. The photons emitted by the reversal dye can therefore only propagate in the heart zone 1 1.
- the forbidden spectral band B_int is the most omnidirectional possible at the wavelength of the photons reemitted by the reversal dye.
- the range of values of the wave vector k z prohibiting the propagation of said re-transmitted photons must be as wide as possible.
- ⁇ be the emission angle of the photons re-emitted by the fluorescent reversal dye, ⁇ being measured with respect to the axis A of the FORP fiber 10. This angle of r is the formula:
- a spectral band is completely forbidden at a given frequency, if there is no propagation mode for
- the photonic crystal is thus selected so that its forbidden spectral band is the most extended in wave vector k z or in ⁇ ( ⁇ ), that is to say so that the solid angle ⁇ , corresponding to any the anisotropic zone of fluorescence deexcitation inhibition is as large as possible.
- the reversal dye is therefore selected so that its emission spectrum at least partially covers the prohibited spectral band of the photonic crystal microstructure.
- the quantum coupling between the fluorescent reversal dye and the photonic crystal microstructure must be as high as possible in order to contribute to promoting the efficiency of the phenomenon of photon flipping. This last condition is particularly related to the respective dimensions of the core area 1 1 and the turning area 12 of the FORP fiber, as we will explain later with reference to Figures 3a, 3b and 3c.
- FIG. 3a schematically represents a sectional view of the FORP fiber 10 of FIG. 1, according to the first variant previously described in which the turning zone 12 is in at least a portion of the microstructured sheath zone 13.
- FIG. 3b schematically represents a sectional view of a FORP fiber 10 according to a second variant of the first embodiment of the invention, in which the turning zone 12 is in at least a part of the core zone 1 1 and in at least a portion of the micro-structured sheath zone 13.
- FIG. 3c schematically represents a sectional view of a FORP fiber 10 according to a third variant of the first embodiment of the invention, in which the turning zone 12 is located in at least a part of the core zone 1 1.
- FIGS 3a, 3b and 3c show:
- the core zone 11 is a solid cylinder of circular section and axis A.
- the thickness E1 of the core zone 11 is then the diameter of said circular section.
- the microstructured sheath zone 13 is a hollow cylinder of first annular section and axis A, in other words a tube, surrounding the core zone. 1 1.
- the thickness E3 is then the thickness of the first annular section, measured radially with respect to the axis A.
- the turning zone 12 has a thickness E2.
- the turning zone 12 is a hollow cylinder of second annular section and axis A, in other words a tube.
- the thickness E2 is then the thickness of the second annular section, measured radially with respect to the axis A.
- the turning zone 12 is a hollow cylinder with a second annular section and axis A, in other words a tube, which surrounds the heart zone 1 1.
- the thickness E2 of the zone 12 is less than or equal to the thickness E3 of the micro-structured sheath zone 13.
- the core zone 11 may be either solid, that is to say filled with a solid material, for example polymer; is hollow, that is to say not filled with a solid material, and comprising for example air.
- the turning zone 12 is at least partly in the core zone 1 1 and at least partly in the micro-structured sheath zone 13. The turning zone 12 is then :
- the thickness E2 of the turning zone 12 is less than or equal to the sum of the radius of the core zone 11 and the thickness E3 of the microstructured sheath zone 13. In other words, the thickness E2 of the turning zone 12 is such that:
- the turning zone 12 entirely covers the microstructured zone 13 and the core zone 11.
- the core zone 11 is solid, that is to say filled with a solid material, for example polymer.
- the turning zone 12 is at least partly in the heart zone 11. The turning zone 12 is then:
- the thickness E2 of the turning zone 12 is smaller than the radius y of the core zone 11;
- the thickness E2 of the turning area 12 is less than or equal to the diameter E1 of the core area 1 January.
- the thickness E2 of the turning zone is equal to the diameter E1 of the core zone 11, the turning zone 12 completely covers the core zone 11, that is to say that the turning zone 12 and the heart zone 11 are merged.
- the core area 1 1 is full, that is to say filled with a solid material, for example polymer.
- the core zone 11 may have several consecutive segments, and in particular:
- Such a core area January 1 having at least a first solid section and at least a second hollow section can be described as "semi-hollow”.
- the core area 1 1 has a thickness E1 less than or equal to five times the wavelength of the maximum emission of fluorescence of the reversal dye.
- the thickness E1 of the core area 1 1 is less than or equal to three times the wavelength of the maximum fluorescence emission of the dye reversal.
- the turning zone 12 advantageously has a thickness E2 such that:
- the thus favored quantum coupling ensures an inhibition of the fluorescence dexcitation out of the axis of the FORP fiber 10 and forces the fluorescence deexcitation in the axis of the FORP fiber 10.
- the optimization of this quantum coupling thus contributes to the obtaining an output photon flux Ph_s at the output of the FORP fiber 10 significantly greater than in the case of a conventional fiber.
- the conversion efficiency of a FORP fiber 10 according to the first embodiment of the invention is thus significantly greater than that of a conventional fiber: it is greater than 80% of the length maximum absorption wave of the fluorescent dye reversal, while it is only of the order of 10% in the devices of the prior art.
- the fluorescent reversal dye may comprise organic fluorescent molecules, or alternatively mineral chromophores such as rare earths - for example lanthanide complexes - or oxides, or quantum dots - for example lead sulphide PbS, with an absorption maximum at 650 nm and a maximum emission at 850 nm.
- mineral chromophores such as rare earths - for example lanthanide complexes - or oxides, or quantum dots - for example lead sulphide PbS, with an absorption maximum at 650 nm and a maximum emission at 850 nm.
- quantum-dots In the case of the use of quantum-dots, the latter are typically diluted in a polymer.
- the fluorescent reversal dye may for example be chosen from the following list:
- rhodamine 6G having an absorption maximum at 529 nm and a maximum emission at 551 nm;
- rhodamine 123 having an absorption maximum at 550 nm and a maximum emission at 560 nm
- rhodamine 101 having an absorption maximum at 568 nm absorption and a maximum emission at 600 nm
- styril 15 having an absorption maximum at 651 nm and an emission maximum at 880 nm;
- fluorescein having an absorption maximum at 500 nm and a maximum emission at 540 nm;
- rhodamine B having an absorption maximum at 542 nm and a maximum emission at 565 nm;
- sulforhodamine 101 having an absorption maximum at 576 nm and a maximum emission at 591 nm;
- cresyl violet having an absorption maximum at 603 nm and a maximum emission at 623 nm;
- rhodamine 800 having an absorption maximum at 682 nm and a maximum emission at 800 nm;
- oxazine 170 having an absorption maximum at 613 nm and a maximum emission at 640 nm.
- FIG. 4a schematically represents a FORP 10 fiber of hexagonal cut and of "Holey Fiber” type, according to the third variant of the first embodiment of the invention.
- the microstructured cladding zone 13 is formed of a material, for example a polymer, having an optical index greater than 1 and comprising a plurality of holes 14.
- the holes 14 are typically filled with air, with an optical index equal to 1.
- the plurality of holes 14 is arranged in a hexagonal network "honeycomb”.
- the plurality of holes 14 is the microstructure of the sheath zone 13.
- the core zone 11 is surrounded by the plurality of holes 14.
- the quality of the photonic crystal is directly related to its thickness and to the number of patterns seen by the photons .
- the core zone 11 is formed of a material, for example a polymer, in which is implanted fluorescent dye, for example by doping.
- the turning zone 12 is therefore in the heart zone 11.
- FIG. 4b schematically represents a FORP 10 fiber of hexagonal cut and of "Holey Fiber” type, according to the first variant of the first embodiment of the invention.
- the turning zone 12 comprising the fluorescent dye is this time in the microstructured sheath zone 13, around the core zone 11.
- the core area 1 1 is hollow.
- the fluorescent dye is typically implanted into the material of the micro-structured cladding zone 13 by doping.
- FIG. 4c diagrammatically represents a FORP fiber 10 of circular section and of Bragg fiber type, according to the third variant of the first embodiment of the invention.
- the microstructured sheath zone 13 is formed of an alternation of first layers 15 and second concentric quarter-wave layers 16 of two different index materials.
- the first and second layers 15 and 16 are typically made of polymer, for example chosen from the following list:
- Titanium dioxide powder may optionally be added to the polymer used, which has the advantage of increasing its refractive index while allowing it to absorb UV radiation.
- the core zone 11 is formed of a material, for example a polymer, in which the fluorescent dye is implanted, for example by doping.
- the turning zone 12 is therefore in the heart zone 11.
- FIG. 4d diagrammatically represents a FORP fiber 10 of circular cut and of "Holey Fiber" type, according to the third variant of the first embodiment of the invention.
- the plurality of holes 14 of the microstructured sheath zone 13 is this time arranged in a ring around the heart zone 11.
- FIG. 5a schematically represents a sectional view of a photon-reversing optical device according to the first variant of the first embodiment of the invention, that is to say of a FORP fiber 10, which comprises a first C1 conversion zone comprising a first conversion fluorescent dye.
- the first conversion zone C1 is a hollow cylinder of annular section and axis A, in other words a tube.
- the first conversion fluorescent dye is typically implanted in the first conversion zone C1 by doping.
- the first conversion zone C1 surrounds the micro-structured sheath zone 13.
- the first conversion zone C1 may be at least partially in the micro-structured sheath zone 13.
- the first conversion dye of the first conversion zone C1 has an absorption spectral band at least partially covering the spectrum of the incident photon flux Ph_i, and an emission spectral band covering at least partially the absorption spectral band;
- the flow of incident photons Ph_i being typically solar radiation
- the first conversion dye will advantageously have an absorption spectral band covering the widest possible range of the solar spectrum.
- the overlap between the spectral absorption band of the first conversion dye and the spectrum of the incident photon flux Ph_i is advantageously maximum.
- the part of the incident photons Ph_i whose wavelength belongs to the absorption spectral band of the first conversion dye may be absorbed by said first conversion dye.
- the first conversion dye is then capable of reemitting, by fluorescent de-excitation, at least a portion of the absorbed photons, at least a portion of the re-emitted photons having a wavelength belonging to the spectral absorption band of the fluorescent reversal dye.
- the overlap between the emission spectral band of the first conversion dye and the spectral absorption band of the reversal dye is advantageously maximum.
- the reversal dye of the turning zone 12 is capable of absorbing:
- the first conversion dye of the first conversion zone C1 therefore advantageously makes it possible to increase the quantity of incident photons Ph_i resulting from an incident light flux that the reversal dye of the reversal zone 12 will be able to absorb.
- the first fluorescent conversion dye and the fluorescent reversal dye are said to form a cascade of fluorescent dyes.
- the first conversion zone C1 has been described in the particular case of a fiber FORP 10 according to the first variant of the first embodiment, but it is naturally compatible with any other variant of the first embodiment, and in particular with the second and third variants of the first embodiment.
- a cascade of fluorescent conversion dyes comprising, besides the reversal dye, a single conversion dye, but it is naturally possible to use a larger number of conversion dyes.
- FIG. 5b schematically represents a sectional view of a photon-reversing optical device according to the first variant of the first embodiment of the invention, that is to say a FORP fiber 10, which comprises:
- the first conversion zone C1 comprising the first fluorescent conversion dye
- a second conversion zone C2 comprising a second fluorescent conversion dye
- a third conversion zone C3 comprising a third fluorescent conversion dye
- a fourth C4 conversion zone comprising a fourth conversion fluorescent dye.
- the second, third and fourth conversion zones C2, C3 and C4 are, as is the first conversion zone C1, hollow cylinders of annular section and of axis A, in other words tubes.
- the second, third and fourth conversion dyes are typically respectively implanted in the second, third and fourth conversion zones C2, C3 and C4 by doping.
- the second conversion zone C2 surrounds the first conversion zone C1;
- the third conversion zone C3 surrounds the second conversion zone C2 and the fourth conversion zone C4 surrounds the third conversion zone C3.
- the first, second, third and fourth conversion zones C1, C2, C3 and C4 surround the micro-structured sheath zone 13.
- the micro-structured sheath zone 13 may comprise at least a part of the assembly formed by the first, second, third and fourth conversion zones C1, C2, C3 and C4.
- the first, second, third and fourth conversion dyes form with the reversal dye a cascade of fluorescent dyes whose operation is as follows:
- the fourth conversion dye of the fourth conversion zone C4 has an absorption spectral band at least partially covering the spectrum of the incident photon flux Ph_i.
- the part of the incident photons Ph_i whose wavelength belongs to the absorption spectral band of the fourth conversion dye, can be absorbed by said fourth conversion dye and then re-emitted at a wavelength belonging to the spectral band of emission of the fourth conversion dye.
- the overlap between the spectral absorption band of the fourth conversion dye and the incident photon flux spectrum Ph_i is advantageously maximum.
- the third conversion dye of the third C3 conversion zone is chosen so that its absorption spectral band overlaps at least partially the emission spectral band of the fourth conversion dye.
- the third conversion dye is capable of absorbing:
- the third conversion dye can then re-emit by fluorescent de-excitation at least a portion of the absorbed photons, at a higher wavelength belonging to its fluorescence emission band.
- the overlap between the emission spectral band of the fourth conversion dye and the absorption spectral band of the third conversion dye is advantageously maximum.
- the second conversion dye of the second conversion zone C2 is chosen so that its absorption spectral band covers at least partially the emission spectral band of the third conversion dye.
- the second conversion dye is then capable of absorbing not only the part of the incident photons Ph_i whose wavelength belongs to its absorption spectral band, but also the photons reemitted by the third conversion dye.
- the overlap between the emission spectral band of the third conversion dye and the absorption spectral band of the second conversion dye is advantageously maximum.
- the first conversion dye of the first conversion zone C1 is chosen this time so that its absorption spectral band covers at least partially the emission spectral band of the second dye of conversion, and that its emission spectral band overlaps at least partially with the absorption spectral band of the fluorescent dye reversal of the reversal zone 12.
- the first conversion dye can then absorb the photon portion of the incident flux whose wavelength belongs to its absorption spectral band, as well as photons reemitted by fluorescence deexcitation by the second dye.
- the first conversion dye can then re-emit by fluorescent de-excitation at least a portion of the absorbed photons, at least a portion of the re-emitted photons having a wavelength belonging to the spectral absorption band of the fluorescent dye for inversion.
- the overlap between the emission spectral band of the second conversion dye and the absorption spectral band of the first conversion dye is advantageously maximum.
- the overlap between the emission spectral band of the first conversion dye and the spectral absorption band of the reversal dye is advantageously maximum.
- the sum of the absorption spectral bands of the fluorescent conversion dye (s) and the fluorescent reversal dye forming the absorption spectral band of the fluorescent dye cascade covers the widest possible range of the spectrum solar. It is noted that the solar spectrum extends at ground level between 280 nm and 4000 nm.
- the fluorescent dye (s) for conversion may for example be: rhodamine 6G, rhodamine 123, rhodamine 101, styril 15, coumarin 30, coumarin 6 , fluorescein, rhodamine B, sulforhodamine 101, cresyl violet, rhodamine 800 or oxazine 170.
- a FORP fiber 10 according to the first embodiment of the invention may also comprise:
- the antireflection layer preferably surrounds the micro-structured cladding zone 13 or, where appropriate, the outermost conversion zone of the cascade of fluorescent dyes.
- the UV protective layer preferentially surrounds, where appropriate, the antireflection layer.
- the protective layer against mechanical aggression preferentially surrounds, where appropriate, the UV protective layer.
- the UV protective layer is able to absorb ultraviolet photons.
- the anti-UV protective layer may advantageously be fluorescent and absorb wavelength photons belonging to the range [280 nm-400 nm] to retransmit them at wavelengths greater than 400 nm. Indeed, photons of wavelength lower than 400 nm are likely to degrade the optical properties of polymeric materials typically used in the production of FORP fibers 10, as well as to contribute to the photolysis and destruction of the fluorescent reversal dye and / or, where appropriate, at least one fluorescent conversion dye, particularly if it is is an organic fluorescent dye.
- the anti-reflective protective layer may for example be made of PMMA, ethylene-vinyl acetate EVA or polyvinyl butyral PVB.
- titanium dioxide beta-carboline, 4-hydroxy-methylcoumarin
- POPOP also called “1,4-bis (5-phenyloxazol-2-yl) benzene ")
- bis-MSB also referred to as” 1,4-bis (2-methylstyryl) benzol “
- BBO barium borate p-terphenyl or biphenyl.
- the protective layer against mechanical aggression can be made of PVB or EVA.
- the photon-reversing optical device 30 according to this second embodiment has a photon-reversing optical film geometry FORP: the photon-reversing optical device 30 extends along a reference plane P and has a symmetry with respect to said reference plane P.
- Figures 6a, 6b and 6c are jointly described. Figures 6a, 6b and 6c show a FORP film 30 comprising:
- the core zone 31 extending along the reference plane P, the core zone 31 being for example formed of a polymeric material;
- a turning zone 32 comprising a fluorescent dye flipping and extending parallel to the reference plane P;
- a microstructured sheath zone 33 comprising a first region 33-1 and a second region 33-2 arranged on either side of the core zone 31.
- the first and second regions 33-1 and 33-2 of the Micro-structured sheath 33 may for example each comprise a Bragg stack, that is to say an alternation of quarter-wave layers of two materials of different indices, for example polymethyl methacrylate PMMA on the one hand and polystyrene on the other hand.
- the core zone 31 has a thickness E1 measured perpendicularly to the reference plane P.
- the first and second regions 33-1 and 33-2 of the microstructured sheath zone 33 each have a thickness E3 measured perpendicular to the reference plane P
- Figure 6a schematically shows a sectional view, along a sectional plane perpendicular to the reference plane P, of a FORP film 30 according to a first variant of the second embodiment.
- the first variant of the second embodiment is similar to the first variant of the first embodiment, previously described in connection with FIG. 3a.
- the turning zone 32 is in at least a portion of the microstructured sheath zone 33.
- the turning zone 32 thus has:
- first region 32-1 located in at least a portion of the first region 33-1 of the microstructured cladding zone 33 and in contact with the core zone 31, and
- a second region 32-2 located in at least a portion of the second region 33-2 of the micro-structured sheath zone 33 and in contact with the core zone 31.
- the first and second regions 32-1 and 32-2 of the turnaround zone 32 each have a thickness E2, measured perpendicular to the reference plane P, which is less than or equal to the thickness E3 of the first and second regions 33-1. and 33-2 of the micro-structured cladding zone 33.
- the thickness E2 of the first and second regions 32-1 and 32-2 of the turning zone 32 is equal to the thickness E3 of the first and second regions 33 1 and 33-2 of the microstructured sheath zone 33
- the turning zone 32 is merged with the microstructured sheath zone 33.
- FIG. 6b schematically represents a sectional view, along a section plane perpendicular to the reference plane P, of a FORP film 30 according to a second variant of the second embodiment.
- the second variant of the second embodiment is similar to the second variant of the first embodiment, previously described in connection with Figure 3b.
- the turning zone 32 is in at least a portion of the microstructured sheath zone 33 and in at least a portion of the core zone 31.
- the turning zone 32 has the following:
- first region 32-1 located in at least a portion of the first region 33-1 of the micro-structured cladding zone 33 and in at least a portion of the core zone 31, and
- a second region 32-2 located in at least a portion of the second region 33-2 of the microstructured sheath zone 33 and in at least a portion of the core zone 31.
- the first and second regions 32-1 and 32-2 of the turning zone 32 each having a thickness E2, measured perpendicular to the reference plane P, such that:
- FIG. 6c schematically represents a sectional view, along a section plane perpendicular to the reference plane P, of a FORP film 30 according to a third variant of the second embodiment.
- the third variant of the second embodiment is similar to the third variant of the first embodiment, previously described in connection with FIG. 3c.
- the turning zone 32 is in at least a part of the core zone 31.
- the zone of turnaround 32 may thus have a single region, located in at least a portion of the core zone 31 and having a thickness E2, measured perpendicular to the reference plane P, which is less than or equal to the thickness E1 of the core zone 31.
- the thickness E2 of the turning zone 32 is equal to the thickness E1 of the core zone 31, the turning zone 32 coincides with the core zone 31.
- the turning zone 32 may have:
- a second region 32-2 located in a part of the core zone 31 and in contact with the second region 33-2 of the microstructured cladding zone 33.
- the first and second regions 32-1 and 32-2 of the turning zone 32 each have a thickness E2, measured
- the core zone 31 is solid, that is to say filled with a solid material, for example polymer.
- the geometry and the dimensions of the core zone 31 and the turning zone 32 of FIG. on the one hand, and the properties of the reversal dye and the photonic crystal on the other hand are chosen to contribute to a high quantum coupling between the fluorescent reversal dye and the photonic crystal, in the forbidden spectral band.
- the thickness E1 of the core zone 31 is less than or equal to five times the wavelength of the maximum of fluorescence emission of the reversal dye.
- the thickness E1 of the heart zone 1 1 is less than or equal to three times the wavelength of the maximum fluorescence emission of the reversal dye.
- the thickness E2 of the turning zone 32 or, where appropriate, the first and second regions 32-1 and 32-2 of the turning zone 32 is advantageously such that:
- a FORP film 30 according to any one of the variants of the second embodiment of the invention may advantageously comprise one or more additional characteristics among the following, considered individually or in any technically possible combination:
- the film FORP 30 comprises at least one conversion zone comprising a conversion dye, said conversion dye forming a cascade of fluorescent dyes with the reversal dye of the turning zone 32.
- the operating principle of such a dye Fluorescent dyes has previously been described in the case of the first embodiment, in connection with Figures 5a and 5b.
- the conversion zone of the FORP film 30 has first and second regions which extend parallel to the reference plane P, on either side of the first and second regions 33-1 and 33-2 of the micro-cladding zone. 33, or alternatively in at least a portion of the first and second regions 33-1 and 33-2 of the microstructured cladding zone 33.
- the FORP film 30 comprises an antireflection layer as previously described in the case of the first embodiment, preferably surrounding the microstructured cladding zone 33 or, where appropriate, the outermost conversion zone of the cascade of fluorescent dyes.
- the antireflection layer has first and second regions which extend parallel to the reference plane P, on either side of the first and second regions. second regions 33-1 and 33-2 of the micro-structured cladding zone 33 or, where appropriate, on either side of the first and second regions of the outermost conversion zone of the cascade of fluorescent dyes.
- the film FORP 30 comprises a UV-protective layer as previously described in the case of the first embodiment, preferentially surrounding, where appropriate, the antireflection layer.
- the UV protective layer has first and second regions which extend parallel to the reference plane P, on either side, if necessary, of the first and second regions of the invention. the antireflection layer.
- the FORP film 30 comprises a protective layer against mechanical aggressions as described previously in the case of the first embodiment, preferentially surrounding, where appropriate, the UV protective layer.
- the protective layer against mechanical aggression has first and second regions which extend parallel to the reference plane P, on either side, if necessary, of the first and second regions. the UV protective layer.
- FORP fibers 10 may be used to produce a multi-core FORP fiber;
- FIGS. 7a and 7b show first and second examples of multi-core FORP fibers 20, comprising a plurality of FORP 10 fibers according to the first embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 7a shows a first example of a multi-core FORP fiber 20, the core zone 21 of which comprises a plurality of FORP fibers 10.
- the core zone 21 of the multi-core FORP fiber 20 comprises seven FORP 10 fibers of the "Holey Fiber" type, described in particular in FIG. 4d, arranged along a hexagonal network.
- the multi-core FORP fiber 20 has a sheath zone 23 which surrounds the plurality of FORP fibers 10 of the core zone 21.
- FIG. 7b shows a second example of multi-core FORP fiber 20, whose core area 21 comprises seven Bragg fiber-type FORP 10 fibers, described in particular in FIG. 4c and arranged along a hexagonal network.
- a multi-core FORP fiber 20 has a greater efficiency than the simple sum of the efficiencies of each FORP fiber 10.
- Such a multi-core FORP fiber device 20 thus has more extensive structural coherence effects than in a FORP fiber. This results in stronger containment and a higher quality factor.
- FIGS. 7a and 7b illustrate examples of multi-core FORP fibers 20, whose core areas 21 each comprise seven FORP fibers 10.
- the core zone 21 of a multi-core FORP fiber 20 may advantageously have a core zone 21 comprising a number of FORP fibers. on the order of a thousand, or a million.
- FIG. 8 shows a third example of a multi-core FORP fiber 20, comprising a sheath zone 23 surrounding a core zone 21 comprising nine FORP fibers 10 according to the first embodiment.
- Each of the said nine FORP fibers 10 is, in the particular example shown in FIG. 7, of the "Holey Fiber" type, more particularly described above in connection with FIG. 4a.
- the particular advantage of this third example of multi-core FORP fiber 20 resides in the fact that several different fluorescent reversal dyes are used in the respective turning areas of the FORP 10 fibers. Said fluorescent reversal dyes are advantageously chosen so that the sum of their respective absorption spectral bands covers the greatest width. spectral possible, while overlapping as little as possible.
- a multi-core FORP fiber 20 according to this third example advantageously has a higher incident photon capture efficiency Ph_i.
- Ph_i incident photon capture efficiency
- first, second and third fibers FORP 1 0-1, 1 0-2 and 1 0-3 whose turning zone comprises a first reversal dye
- fourth and fifth FORP 10-4 and 10-5 fibers the turning zone of which includes a second reversal dye, distinct from the first reversal dye;
- sixth and seventh FORP fibers 10-6 and 1 0-7 whose turning zone comprises a third reversal dye, distinct from the first and second reversal dyes;
- the eighth and ninth FORP 1 0-8 and 1 0-9 fibers whose reversal zone comprises a fourth reversal dye, distinct from the first, second and third reversal dyes.
- a multi-core photon reversing optical device such as a multi-core FORP fiber or a multi-core FORP film, may advantageously comprise one or more additional characteristics from among the following, taken individually or in any technically possible combination:
- the multi-core photon-reversing optical device comprises at least one conversion zone comprising a conversion dye, said conversion dye forming a cascade of fluorescent dyes with the reversal dye of each FORP fiber 10 or FORP film 30 of said multi-core device.
- the operating principle of such a cacade of fluorescent dyes has previously been described.
- the conversion zone preferentially surrounds the cladding zone of the multi-core device, or alternatively lies in at least a part of the zone of sheath of the multi-core device.
- the multi-core photon-reversing optical device comprises an antireflection layer as described above, preferably surrounding the cladding zone or, where appropriate, the outermost conversion zone of the fluorescent dye cascade.
- the multi-core photon-reversing optical device comprises an anti-UV protective layer as previously described, preferentially surrounding, where appropriate, the antireflection layer.
- the multi-core photon-reversing optical device comprises a protective layer against mechanical aggressions as previously described, preferentially surrounding, where appropriate, the UV protective layer.
- FIGS. 9a and 9b respectively show a first example of a multi-core FORP fiber 20, as described in particular in FIG. 7a, and a second example of a multi-core FORP fiber 20, such as described in particular in Figure 7b, further comprising:
- a first conversion zone 22 comprising a first conversion fluorescent dye
- a second conversion zone 23 comprising a second fluorescent conversion dye
- a third conversion zone 24 comprising a third fluorescent conversion dye
- a fourth conversion zone comprising a fourth fluorescent conversion dye
- a protective layer 26 antireflection and anti-UV.
- the fourth conversion zone 25 surrounds the third conversion zone 24.
- the third conversion zone 24 surrounds the second conversion zone 23.
- the second conversion zone 23 surrounds the first conversion zone 22.
- the set of conversion zones 22 , 23, 24 and 25 can either surround the area sheath 23, that is to be partially or completely in the sheath zone 23.
- the protective layer 26 antireflection and anti-UV surrounds the fourth conversion zone 25. In the case where the fourth conversion zone 25 is in the sheath zone. 23, the protective layer 26 anti-reflective and anti-UV surrounds the sheath area 23.
- An order of magnitude of the dimensions of a multi-core FORP fiber 20 may for example be the following:
- the sheath zone 23 possibly comprising one or more conversion zones of a cascade of fluorescent conversion dyes: of the order of 50 ⁇ , ie a cumulated diameter for the core zone and the sheath zone 23 of the order of 500 ⁇ ;
- the thickness of the antireflective and anti-UV protective layer of the order of 30 ⁇ , ie a cumulative diameter for the core zone, the sheath zone 23 and the antireflection and anti-UV protective layer of the order of 30 ⁇ ; 560 ⁇ ;
- thickness of the protective layer against possible mechanical aggression of the order of 20 ⁇ , ie a cumulative diameter for the core zone, the sheath zone 23, the antireflection and anti-UV protective layer and the protective layer against mechanical attacks of the order of 600 ⁇ .
- solar optical concentrators comprising at least one optical photon reversing device, such as a FORP fiber 10 according to the first embodiment or a FORP film 30 according to the second embodiment.
- a solar optical concentrator comprises:
- At least one optical device with photon flipping that is to say for example at least one FORP fiber 10 or at least one FORP film 30;
- a solar optical concentrator may advantageously comprise one or more additional characteristics among the following, considered individually or in any technically possible combination:
- a reflective film for example made of aluminized polymer.
- the reflective film advantageously makes it possible to increase the collection efficiency of the incident photons. Indeed, in the case where an incident photon has passed through the at least one photon reversal device without interacting with a fluorescent dye reversal, this incident photon can be reflected by the reflective film and thus obtain a new possibility of being captured , converted and guided by said at least one photon flipping device;
- a protective screen advantageously protecting the solar optical concentrator against mechanical aggressions and / or against ultraviolet radiation
- the chassis advantageously makes it possible to increase the robustness of the solar optical concentrator, and to facilitate the mechanical implantation of the various elements of the solar optical concentrator during its manufacture.
- FIG. 10a schematically illustrates a first example of a solar optical concentrator 40 comprising a FORP fiber 10.
- the solar optical concentrator 40 further comprises first and second photovoltaic cells CE arranged on either side of the FORP fiber 10.
- Figure 10a shows a source S of polychromatic and multidirectional light; this source S is typically the sun.
- the source S emits a polychromatic R radiation whose spectrum is for example between 400 nm and 800 nm. This radiation R is shown in Figure 10a for a given angle of incidence.
- the FORP fiber 10 laterally captures at least a portion of the polychromatic and multidirectional R radiation in its area of micro-structured sheath 13.
- the FORP fiber 1 0 converts in its turning area 12 at least a portion of the radiation R captured in a F quasi-monochromatic flow and unidirectional, along the axis of the optical fiber FORP.
- the FORP fiber 10 guides the flow F in its heart zone 11.
- FIG. 10b schematically illustrates a second example of a solar optical concentrator 40 comprising a plurality of FORP fibers 10, forming a first carpet T1 of first FORP fibers 1 0.
- the first carpet T1 extends parallel to a first plane P1.
- the first FORP fibers 1 0 extend along a first axis A1.
- the solar optical concentrator of FIG. 10b further comprises first and second sets of photovoltaic cells Ce, forming first and second photovoltaic lines L1 and L2.
- the first and second photovoltaic lines L1 and L2 are arranged on either side of the first belt T1, perpendicular to the first axis A1, so as to be able to capture and convert into electricity the light flux emitted by the first FORP fibers 1 0.
- FIG. 10c schematically illustrates an exploded view of a third example of a solar optical concentrator 40 comprising first and second mats T1 and T2 of FORP fibers 10. More specifically, the solar optical concentrator 40 comprises a chassis 43 extending in the first plane P1, and a reflecting film 41 extending on the frame 43.
- the first carpet T1 of first fibers FORP 10 extends over the reflecting film 41 and a second carpet T2 of second fibers FORP 10 extends on the first carpet T1.
- the first FORP fibers 1 0 of the first belt T1 extend parallel to the first axis A1.
- the second FORP fibers 1 0 of the second carpet T2 extend parallel to a second axis A2 substantially perpendicular to the first axis A1.
- the solar optical concentrator 40 according to the third example illustrated in FIG. 10c comprises first, second, third and fourth photovoltaic lines L1, L2, L3 and L4, each photovoltaic line comprising at least one photovoltaic cell Ce.
- the first and second photovoltaic lines L1 and L2 are intended to receive photons emitted by the first FORP fibers 10 of the first carpet T1.
- the first and second photovoltaic lines L1 and L2 are advantageously arranged on either side of the first belt T1, along an axis substantially perpendicular to the first axis A1.
- the first and second lines T1 and T2 may for example extend over the frame 43. It will be possible to use first and second prisms P1 and P2 to help guide photons emitted by the first FORP fibers of the first mat T1, respectively to the first and second photovoltaic lines L1 and L2.
- the third and fourth photovoltaic lines L3 and L4 are intended to receive photons emitted by the second FORP fibers 10 of the second carpet T2.
- the third and fourth photovoltaic lines L3 and L4 are advantageously arranged on either side of the second carpet T2, along an axis substantially perpendicular to the second axis A2.
- the third and fourth lines T3 and T4 may, for example, extend over the frame 43.
- Third and fourth prisms P3 and P4 may be used to help guide photons emitted by the second FORP fibers of the second mat T2, respectively to the third and fourth photovoltaic lines L3 and L4.
- a protective screen 42 may advantageously extend over the second carpet T2.
- each of the first and second mats T1 and T2 extends parallel to the first plane P1.
- the first and second mats T1 and T2 of FORP fibers may respectively extend in a curved plane.
- first FORP fibers of the first carpet T1 are arranged substantially perpendicularly to the second FORP fibers of the second carpet T2.
- the angle between the axis of the first FORP fibers of the first carpet T1 on the one hand, and the axis of the second FORP fibers of the second carpet T2 on the other hand may more generally be between 0 ° and 360 °.
- At least one multi-core fiber 20 in a solar optical concentrator 40, and for example at least one multi-core fiber mat 20.
- at least one multi-core film can be used. heart in a solar optical concentrator 40.
- the photovoltaic cells are chosen as well as their maximum photovoltaic effect quantum efficiency range coincides with the wavelength of the photons emitted at the output of the optical photon flipping device.
- the photovoltaic cells Ce can typically be made from a semiconductor material.
- the photovoltaic cells are then chosen so that the forbidden spectral bandwidth of said semiconductor material is different from the wavelength of the photons emitted at the output of the optical photon reversing device.
- the solar optical concentrator 40 comprises several optical devices with photon flipping, respectively comprising different fluorescent dyes reversal and respectively remission of photons belonging to different ranges of wavelength.
- a different type of photovoltaic cells Ce for example made from different semiconductor materials, chosen to optimize the capture of the photons belonging to said range of wave length.
- the photovoltaic cells may be multi-junction semiconductor cells.
- the photovoltaic cells may be multi-junction semiconductor cells.
- several photon beams of different wavelengths can be effectively captured by a single type of photovoltaic cell.
- This possibility is particularly interesting in the case of a solar optical concentrator 40 comprising:
- a photon-reversing optical device may advantageously be used to concentrate an incident light flux, for example solar radiation, on the following devices:
- a catalytic cell for example a hydrogenation cell by catalysis, in particular in order to synthesize fuels such as hydrogen, or hydrocarbons such as alkanes or alcohols;
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Abstract
Description
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1453176A FR3019910B1 (fr) | 2014-04-10 | 2014-04-10 | Dispositif optique a retournement de photons |
| PCT/EP2015/057658 WO2015155265A1 (fr) | 2014-04-10 | 2015-04-09 | Dispositif optique a retournement de photons |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3129830A1 true EP3129830A1 (fr) | 2017-02-15 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP15714826.3A Withdrawn EP3129830A1 (fr) | 2014-04-10 | 2015-04-09 | Dispositif optique a retournement de photons |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US10331011B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP3129830A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3019910B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2015155265A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU2017264006B2 (en) * | 2016-05-12 | 2021-10-28 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Multicore optical fiber, fiber bragg grating, and method for manufacturing fiber bragg grating |
| US10302865B1 (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2019-05-28 | The Boeing Company | Remote optical amplifiers powered by scattered light |
| RU2729064C1 (ru) * | 2019-11-14 | 2020-08-04 | Валерий Владимирович Крюков | Способ преобразования ядерной энергии (энергии радиоактивного распада и/или деления) в оптическую энергию и устройство для его осуществления |
| EP4320469A1 (fr) * | 2021-04-05 | 2024-02-14 | PERA Complexity, B.V. | Guide d'ondes optique, système de guide d'ondes optique, structures de confinement de lumière, structure de stockage d'énergie lumineuse, système de stockage d'énergie lumineuse et système de stockage et/ou de conversion d'énergie |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6744960B2 (en) * | 2000-03-06 | 2004-06-01 | Teledyne Lighting And Display Products, Inc. | Lighting apparatus having quantum dot layer |
| WO2004100327A2 (fr) * | 2003-03-05 | 2004-11-18 | California Institute Of Technology | Sources de laser a cristaux photoniques pour detection chimique |
| US7499619B2 (en) * | 2004-12-03 | 2009-03-03 | Searete | Photonic crystal energy converter |
| US7333705B2 (en) * | 2004-12-03 | 2008-02-19 | Searete Llc | Photonic crystal energy converter |
| US7787734B2 (en) * | 2004-12-03 | 2010-08-31 | The Invention Science Fund I, Llc | Photonic crystal energy converter |
| JP2014519621A (ja) * | 2011-05-13 | 2014-08-14 | ザ リージェンツ オブ ザ ユニヴァシティ オブ ミシガン | 焦点調節ルミネッセンス集光器および熱照射集光器 |
-
2014
- 2014-04-10 FR FR1453176A patent/FR3019910B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2015
- 2015-04-09 WO PCT/EP2015/057658 patent/WO2015155265A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2015-04-09 US US15/302,678 patent/US10331011B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2015-04-09 EP EP15714826.3A patent/EP3129830A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
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| None * |
| See also references of WO2015155265A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3019910B1 (fr) | 2016-05-06 |
| WO2015155265A1 (fr) | 2015-10-15 |
| US10331011B2 (en) | 2019-06-25 |
| US20170023844A1 (en) | 2017-01-26 |
| FR3019910A1 (fr) | 2015-10-16 |
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