EP3075029A1 - Procede d'orientation du faisceau d'une antenne a balayage electronique et systeme d'emission/reception mettant en uvre un tel procede - Google Patents
Procede d'orientation du faisceau d'une antenne a balayage electronique et systeme d'emission/reception mettant en uvre un tel procedeInfo
- Publication number
- EP3075029A1 EP3075029A1 EP14800026.8A EP14800026A EP3075029A1 EP 3075029 A1 EP3075029 A1 EP 3075029A1 EP 14800026 A EP14800026 A EP 14800026A EP 3075029 A1 EP3075029 A1 EP 3075029A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- temperature
- network
- radiating elements
- antenna
- phases
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/267—Phased-array testing or checking devices
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method of orienting the radiated beam of a scanning electron antenna. It also relates to an electromagnetic emission and reception system implementing such a method. It applies in particular for all types of electronic scanning antennas, used for example in radars, telecommunication systems or multifunction networks.
- the electronic scanning antennas are formed of modules arranged in a network.
- Each module comprises at least one radiating element contributing to the constitution of the transmission beam and / or reception. It is known that the direction of the radiated beam is determined by the phase applied to the signal emitted or received at each radiating element. In other words, the direction of the radiated beam is controlled by the phases applied to the radiating elements according to a known law.
- the modules can be active or not, the active modules also integrating an amplifier of the transmitted signal.
- a scanning array antenna has, for example for a radar, a microwave architecture consisting of channels including in particular amplifier modules that can be used in remission and reception, associated with multifunction circuits having phase shift elements for point the beam in directions other than normal to the network, each module being equipped with a radiating element.
- a disadvantage of electronic scanning antennas is that they undergo a misalignment of the beam radiated as a function of temperature. Such misalignment is not permissible with the angular accuracies required for most radar applications in particular. This misalignment is due to the mechanical deformation of the antenna. Especially when the temperature increases, the network structure expands. In the other direction, when the temperature decreases, the structure contracts. In all cases, the phase controls used to angularly point the beam radiated are no longer valid and lead to a pointing error that can become prohibitive.
- a known solution to this problem is to perform a calibration of the electronic scanning network.
- the operating temperature range of the antenna thus between the minimum operating temperature and the maximum operating temperature, is sampled, and the illumination defects, in amplitudes and phases of the different microwave channels of the network, are noted. a channel being associated with each module of the network.
- the faults measured during the calibration phase are stored in a table, called the calibration table.
- the defects are thus known as a function of the temperature by reading in the calibration table. At a given temperature, it is thus possible to correct the fault read in the table by modifying the phase values to compensate for this defect.
- a disadvantage of this solution is that it is delicate and time consuming to implement. It is necessary to measure for each temperature and report them in the calibration table. The number of measurements is important because the operating temperature range needs to be sufficiently sampled and the measurements themselves must be done with care because of the small misalignments involved. Although small, these misalignments can however affect the accuracy of detection. of a radar.
- the subject of the invention is a method for orienting the beam of an electron scanning antenna, said antenna being composed of an array of radiating elements arranged in an initial geometric configuration at a reference temperature T 0 , geometric configuration models of said temperature-dependent network being previously established, the orientation of said beam is carried out by:
- the geometric configuration models are for example calculated in a preliminary step with respect to said initial configuration as a function of the temperature and a coefficient of thermal expansion CTE specific to said network.
- a model indicates the geometrical position of said radiating elements with respect to an axis system.
- the position of the radiating elements is for example defined by their coordinates (xi, yj) in a system of axes X, Y, said phases being a function of said coordinates.
- the position of the radiating elements is for example defined by their abscissa (xi) along an axis X, said phases being a function of said abscissae.
- the models are calculated for the temperatures sampled between the minimum value and the maximum value of the range in a given pitch.
- the subject of the invention is also an electromagnetic emission and reception system comprising an electronic scanning antenna composed of a network of radiating elements implementing the preceding method.
- the system comprises, for example, means for storing said geometric configuration models as well as means for calculating said phases to be applied.
- this system is particularly suitable for equipping a radar.
- FIG. 2 an illustration of the misalignment of the beam of a planar array antenna
- FIG. 3 an illustration of the spherical coordinates of the beam
- FIG. 1 illustrates in one dimension the misalignment of a radiated beam 1 of a grating antenna 10 with electronic scanning, by the effect of a variation of ambient temperature. More particularly, FIG. 1 shows a linear array of radiating elements 2 arranged along an axis X.
- the temperature variation is reflected in an increase in temperature.
- the radiating elements represented in solid lines, are arranged regularly along the axis X. After the increase in temperature, the array of modules expands and the radiating elements are found in position 2 ' , the distance between two modules growing.
- the network mesh must be such that no network period lobes appear in the radiation space.
- this mesh is regular as illustrated in FIG. 1, in one dimension. It is defined by the spacing period between the radiating elements 2, defining the sampling of the radiating aperture by these radiating elements.
- this condition is obtained for a spacing between two radiating elements less than A m , where m is the wavelength corresponding to the maximum operating frequency of the antenna 10.
- this condition results in a spacing of less than A m / (1 + cos ⁇ ⁇ ).
- the phases to be applied to the radiating elements are known for angularly pointing the radiated beam 1 in a direction ⁇ .
- a radiating element of order i is positioned at an abscissa xi on the axis X.
- the relation (2) can thus be defined as a phase slope to be applied to the opening of the network to detach the beam.
- FIG. 2 illustrates a beam misalignment in a case of application to a planar array antenna 20.
- the module array is represented in a system of X, Y axes.
- the modules 2 are arranged in this example in a rectangular grid.
- a radiating element of order i along the axis X and of order j on the axis Y is positioned at the abscissa xi and at the ordinate yj, thus having coordinates (xi, yj) in the plane X, Y, for example by choosing the origin of the axes in the center of the network.
- phase pitch between adjacent channels is given by the following relationships:
- An electronic scanning array antenna has active channels in the form of modules mechanically mounted from a reference plane to ensure proper mechanical alignment of the modules.
- the ambient temperature varies, there is thermomechanical deformation of the antenna. If the temperature increases, there is dilatation.
- the radiating elements deviate from each other.
- a phase law control performing at a given frequency a given angular pointing of the beam, a mechanical expansion of the network leads to a change in the pointing angle of the beam which is in this case closer to the axis 3 of the antenna.
- the opposite effect in the case of a decrease in temperature the radiating elements coming closer to each other.
- pointing accuracy is an essential feature.
- the temperature behavior of a material is characterized by a thermal expansion coefficient, noted CTE thereafter.
- CTE thermal expansion coefficient
- this coefficient CTE is of the order of 24 ⁇ 10 -6 per degree Kelvin (K) and per unit length
- L 0 is a reference dimension at the ambient temperature T 0 corresponding to the nominal dimensions of the mesh
- the distortion of length at a temperature T is expressed by the following relation:
- p 360 ° sin60 ° / [ ⁇ . (1 + ⁇ _ 0 )] (10)
- FIG. 4 illustrates possible steps of the possible method of the invention.
- the invention advantageously exploits the knowledge of the modification by thermal expansion of the geometry of a grating antenna 10, 20 with electronic scanning to correct the angular pointing controls of the radiated beam 1.
- the contribution of the error related to the temperature expansion of the antenna can be taken into account by modeling in order to compensate by a simple calculation the angular pointing defect of the radiated beam resulting therefrom. It is indeed possible to calculate a model of the network as a function of the temperature, radiating phase shift values being associated with each temperature.
- the operating temperature range is sampled so that a model is calculated in no temperature steps.
- an associated geometric model is calculated for each temperature. More precisely, the position of the radiating elements is calculated. The positions are calculated with respect to nominal positions corresponding to the reference temperature T 0 , for example 20 ° C. In particular, for each radiating element 2, it is known to calculate from its coefficient of thermal expansion CTE its position relative to its nominal position, as a function of temperature. The geometry of the antenna is modeled over its operating temperature range, for sampled temperature values between the minimum temperature and the maximum temperature.
- the CTE coefficient is the same for all the radiating elements and that it is specific to the network.
- phase 31 for measuring the temperature is performed before phase 32 for calculating the pointing of the radiated beam.
- the measured temperature indicates the geometrical model of antenna to be taken into account for the calculation of the beam.
- this model specifies the coordinates (xi, yj) of the radiating elements to be taken into account for the calculation of the beam by applying the phases t> ij to the radiating elements according to relation (5).
- the temperature at the level of the network 20 is measured, then the model corresponding to this temperature is selected.
- the models being calculated for the temperatures sampled according to a given step, a model corresponds to a measured temperature if this measured temperature is in the sampling interval for which the model is calculated.
- the phases to be applied to the signals of the radiating elements for the selected model are calculated as a function of the desired aiming direction ( ⁇ , ⁇ ).
- the step 30 of geometric modeling of the antenna network function of the temperature can be carried out once for all or periodically according to the mechanical evolutions of the antenna.
- the modeling can advantageously take into account, in addition to the mechanical support, all the constituent elements of the network antenna, the behavior of which varies in temperature, these elements possibly being active elements or transmission lines.
- the invention is advantageously applicable for all systems for transmitting and receiving electromagnetic waves equipped with an electronic scanning antenna, such as radar systems or telecommunications systems for example.
- a transmission and reception system comprises means for calculating and controlling the phases of the radiating elements. It also includes for example in memory the models associated with different temperatures. At a minimum, a model is memorized by storing the coordinates (xi, yj) of the radiating elements in an axis system.
Landscapes
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1302778A FR3014250B1 (fr) | 2013-11-29 | 2013-11-29 | Procede d'orientation du faisceau d'une antenne a balayage electronique et systeme d'emission/reception mettant en oeuvre un tel procede |
| PCT/EP2014/074822 WO2015078721A1 (fr) | 2013-11-29 | 2014-11-18 | Procede d'orientation du faisceau d'une antenne a balayage electronique et systeme d'emission/reception mettant en œuvre un tel procede |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3075029A1 true EP3075029A1 (fr) | 2016-10-05 |
| EP3075029B1 EP3075029B1 (fr) | 2021-11-17 |
Family
ID=50288141
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP14800026.8A Active EP3075029B1 (fr) | 2013-11-29 | 2014-11-18 | Procede d'orientation du faisceau d'une antenne a balayage electronique et systeme d'emission/reception mettant en uvre un tel procede |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US10096899B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP3075029B1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3014250B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2015078721A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10720702B2 (en) * | 2016-01-08 | 2020-07-21 | National Chung Shan Institute Of Science And Technology | Method and device for correcting antenna phase |
| US9935689B2 (en) * | 2016-08-01 | 2018-04-03 | Nxp B.V. | Method and system to measure the phase offset based on the frequency response in a NFC system |
| CN110456167B (zh) * | 2018-05-08 | 2022-02-01 | 西安光启尖端技术研究院 | 一种测量阵列天线的波束合成方法和装置 |
| CN115715445B (zh) * | 2021-06-23 | 2026-04-24 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | 天线的控制装置、方法、天线系统与计算控制装置 |
| CN115469283A (zh) * | 2022-08-30 | 2022-12-13 | 北京天地一格科技有限公司 | 一种雷达指向角确定方法、装置、设备及存储介质 |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5680141A (en) * | 1995-05-31 | 1997-10-21 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Temperature calibration system for a ferroelectric phase shifting array antenna |
| US6320538B1 (en) * | 2000-04-07 | 2001-11-20 | Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp. | Method and apparatus for calibrating an electronically scanned reflector |
| US7768453B2 (en) * | 2008-08-08 | 2010-08-03 | Raytheon Company | Dynamically correcting the calibration of a phased array antenna system in real time to compensate for changes of array temperature |
| FR2949610B1 (fr) * | 2009-08-25 | 2011-08-05 | Thales Sa | Procede d'elaboration d'une table de calibration relative a une antenne reseau et dispositif correspondant. |
-
2013
- 2013-11-29 FR FR1302778A patent/FR3014250B1/fr active Active
-
2014
- 2014-11-18 WO PCT/EP2014/074822 patent/WO2015078721A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2014-11-18 EP EP14800026.8A patent/EP3075029B1/fr active Active
- 2014-11-18 US US15/028,016 patent/US10096899B2/en active Active
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| None * |
| See also references of WO2015078721A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3014250A1 (fr) | 2015-06-05 |
| US10096899B2 (en) | 2018-10-09 |
| FR3014250B1 (fr) | 2015-11-13 |
| WO2015078721A1 (fr) | 2015-06-04 |
| US20160268680A1 (en) | 2016-09-15 |
| EP3075029B1 (fr) | 2021-11-17 |
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