EP3074625A1

EP3074625A1 - Device for atomizing or spraying liquid into an operating chamber

Info

Publication number: EP3074625A1
Application number: EP14806223.5A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Stefan Schneider; Sebastian Franz; Stephan Wanner
Original assignee: Handtmann Systemtechnik GmbH and Co KG
Current assignee: Handtmann Systemtechnik GmbH and Co KG
Priority date: 2013-11-29
Filing date: 2014-11-27
Publication date: 2016-10-05
Also published as: WO2015078941A1; DE102014117439A1

Abstract

The invention proposes a device for atomizing or spraying or injecting liquid into an operating chamber, wherein at least one nozzle with at least one jet channel is provided for generating at least one liquid spray, whereby the distribution of the liquid in the operating chamber is improved and it is possible to meet in particular relatively stringent requirements relating to the exhaust-gas quality during the combustion of fuel in the combustion chamber. This is achieved according to the invention by the provision of at least one close-range nozzle, for generating a close-range liquid spray (7), and at least one long-range nozzle, for generating a long-range liquid spray (6), wherein a length of the close-range liquid spray (7) is smaller than a length of the long-range liquid spray (6).

Description

"Device for atomizing or spraying liquid in an operating room"

The invention relates to a device for atomizing or spraying or injecting liquid into a

Operating room according to the preamble of claim 1.

State of the art

For example, there are injectors in

Internal combustion engines have been known for a long time. Thus, in the document DE 939 670 a

Injector described in which in one

Injector two or more beams are generated, which intersect or collide in the combustion chamber. The purpose of this arrangement is that the high

Speed exiting fuel jets in the

Combustion chamber collide, whereby a particularly intimate atomization of the fuel and thus comparatively small fuel droplets are realized.

From DE 10 146 642 Al a method for injecting fuel into a combustion chamber is known, wherein with two or more liquid jets, a rotating mist is generated. However, rotating nebulae are not controllable and are bulging in the combustion chamber, so that

Fuel deposits on the walls. Such a

Precipitation, which can not be prevented due to the uncontrolled turbulence, however, leads to a disadvantageous or insufficient combustion. Due to increasing

Legislation regarding exhaust quality is a rotating, uncontrollable liquid mist

in the meantime in internal combustion engines in practice no longer acceptable.

Purpose and advantages of the invention

The object of the invention is in contrast, a device for atomizing or spraying or injecting liquid into an operating room, in particular for injecting

Fuel into a combustion chamber, suggesting what the

Distribution of the liquid in an operating room is improved and in particular higher demands on the

Exhaust gas quality can be met when burning fuel in a combustion chamber.

This object is achieved on the basis of a device of the aforementioned type by the features of claim 1. The measures mentioned in the dependent claims advantageous embodiments and refinements of

Invention possible.

Accordingly, an inventive invention

Device characterized in that at least one near-field nozzle for generating a near-field liquid spray and that at least one wide-jet nozzle for generating a wide-jet liquid spray are provided, wherein a length of the

Near-field liquid sprays smaller than a length of

Wide-beam liquid sprays is.

With the help of this measure it is achieved that the atomized or atomized liquid, esp. The fuel, in their entirety is advantageously adaptable to different operating rooms or to the combustion chamber. Hereby, an optimization of the liquid distribution and / or the combustion can be realized.

On the one hand, an advantageous adaptation of the spatial extent or the length of the liquid spray (s) in relation to the distance from the nozzle (s) and / or the / the

Beam channels and / or the outlet opening / outlet openings to a wall / surface or at least a portion of a wall / surface of the operating room / combustion chamber

be provided. Hereby can be achieved that even at different distances by means of at least one wide jet nozzle and at least one near field nozzle no precipitation of

Liquid or no liquid droplets on the wall can be reflected. This is currently at

Internal combustion engines or the like ensures that no adverse nebulization or combustion and thus

unwanted exhaust gases arise.

Alternatively or in combination thereto, on the other hand, an advantageous adaptation of the spatial extent / distribution of a density and / or a composition and / or a spray parameter of the liquid spray (s) can be provided. For example, in comparison to the near-field liquid spray in the case of the wide-jet liquid spray, the droplet size,

Droplet density, shape of the spray cross-sectional area or

be formed differently. So can advantageously u.a. in a combustion chamber of a

Combustion engine, the fuel or air-fuel mixture for different locations in the combustion chamber can be varied or adjusted, eg homogeneous distribution, rich and / or lean mixture close to the center, lean-lean-lean gradation in the radial and / or axial direction of the operating room / combustion chamber and / or cylinder. Preferably, the length of the near-field liquid spray is substantially between 10 to 90%, in particular between 30 to 70%, of the length of the wide-jet liquid spray. It has been shown that such lähgenunterschiede a significant change or adaptability and thus optimization of

Allow distribution or atomization of the liquid in the operating room. This can lead to measurable improvements, which are outside of the usual operating fluctuations, in the combustion of fuel / fuel in a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, esp. In vehicle applications.

Advantageously, the wide jet nozzle comprises a single jet channel. It has been shown that a relatively long or long jet with a single steel channel in

can be advantageously realized. Thus, with a single jet channel through which the liquid or the

Fuel / fuel flows and into the operating space or displacement flows in and is atomized, given / comparable pressure conditions and given / comparable channel /

Borehole dimensions produces a further / longer beam than e.g. with a corresponding / comparable dimensioned double jet / multiple jet or the like.

Thus, especially by means of a jet nozzle with a single steel channel a comparatively large

fluid dynamic pulse or relatively large

Flow velocity / differences in the operating room

realized and / or a particularly advantageous interaction of e.g. Spray, piston or operating room, air and

Charge movements generated. Hereby can at

Combustion engine applications advantageously at least two different fuel ranges are realized, such as lean / fat, homogeneous / inhomogeneous, etc .. Preferably, the near-field nozzle is a multi-jet nozzle with at least two, in particular acute angle to each other

aligned beam channels for generating at least two, in a baffle at least partially colliding liquid jets formed. By means of a

Multi-jet nozzle with two or more jet channels, which are aligned so that the exiting

Liquid jets meet in a baffle zone, particularly advantageous sprays or liquid mist can be generated, esp. With very small droplets or advantageous droplet size distribution and / or droplet propagation in the operating room.

In a preferred variant of the invention is the

Multiple jet nozzle for generating a fan jet

formed, the extent of which in a fan plane is significantly greater or at least twice as large as in the transverse direction to this fan level. This means that a very flat, but widely scattering fan beam is generated. Due to the flat fan beam generation, a spatial adaptation to the operating room or combustion chamber can take place. This can u.a. an advantageously defined and controlled distribution and / or combustion in the combustion chamber of a

Internal combustion engine to be realized, which is for the

Combustion and thus for the exhaust gas composition of

is essential.

Advantageously, a distance of the nozzle body from the impact zone and / or from a collision point of the at least partially colliding liquid jets in

Essentially between 0 mm and 15 times one

Diameter of / the jet channels is, wherein the nozzle body of the multi-jet nozzle comprises at least the two beam channels. In internal combustion engine applications, in particular for motorcycles, cars, trucks or the like, the distance

preferably between about 0 and 0.9 millimeters. It has surprisingly been found that the stability of the fan jet is very little if ever dependent on an injection pressure and / or a backpressure in the operating room or the combustion chamber. Rather, it has been shown that the aforementioned distance for the beam stability is of great advantage.

Preferably, the distance is substantially between 3 times and 5 times the diameter of the jet channel (s). In internal combustion engine applications, in particular for motorcycles, cars, trucks or the like, the distance is advantageously between 0.5 and 0.7 mm. In this area, a particularly advantageous collision of the liquid jets is generated, wherein the liquid jets are still substantially formed as a uniform beam. Accordingly

controlled finds the clash of the two

Liquid jets instead, so that a high stability and / or a defined length / width of the generated

Fan beam is realized. Accordingly, a

Contacting the spray or the droplets with the wall of the operating room can be effectively prevented.

Advantageously, the multiple jet nozzle

Outlet openings of the jet channels, wherein between the outlet openings an offset between the central axes of the

Liquid jets is provided in the baffle zone. It has. shown that by an offset of the central axes of the liquid jets, the orientation of the fan level

set or can be turned as planned. This can u.a. a spatial adaptation to something more complex trained combustion chambers with bulges or recesses etc. are made. For example, in internal combustion engine applications, a recess in the area of intake and / or exhaust valves or the like can be realized.

Advantageously, the jet channels are the Multi-jet nozzle arranged at an angle to each other and / or is an angle between the two beam channels or liquid jets substantially between 10 ° and 70 °.

Within this angular range has been shown that, on the one hand, a particularly advantageous atomization and

Fan beam shaping is generated by the collision of the two liquid jets and on the other that no adverse reverberation is generated. A

corresponding reflection of the colliding one another

Fluid jets would result in detrimental evaporation in the service room or contact of the fluid with a wall of the service room, i. in this case, especially of the nozzle body. This would be at

Fuel applications in internal combustion engines of considerable disadvantage.

In a particular embodiment of the invention, the angle of the jet channels for adjusting the length of the near field liquid spray is provided and / or a first angle of the jet channels of the near field nozzle is greater than a second angle of the jet channels of the wide jet nozzle. So can

For example, a device or an injector be realized, wherein at least one wide jet nozzle and at least one near field nozzle are each formed as a double jet / Mehrfachstrahldüse. Here are the angles between the

respective jet channels / liquid jets of different sizes. Thus, the fan spray or liquid mist is wider and shorter, the greater the angle between the

respective jet channels / liquid jets.

Accordingly, the fan spray or liquid mist becomes narrower and at the same time longer, the smaller the angle between the respective jet channels / liquid jets.

Accordingly, the angle for setting the length of the wide-beam and / or the near-field Liquid sprays are used or formed, for example, an angle of about 10 ° for a wide beam and an angle of about 50 ° for a near-field beam.

Preferably, several near-field nozzles and / or more

Wide-jet nozzles and / or multi-jet nozzles arranged distributed at least over a radially oriented surface of a nozzle body. With this measure, an all-round radiation or essentially full distribution of the liquid sprays can be realized, so that the operating space or combustion chamber advantageously

completed or recorded.

In general, different penetration ranges of

different and / or each individual nozzle or

Liquid sprays / fan beams are provided. Also, by varying or adapting the pressurization of the liquid and / or different diameters of the jet channel (s), different dimensions or lengths of the sprays can be generated, both with respect to the near field nozzle and also with respect to the wide jet nozzle.

Basically, this can / should be just for applications in

Internal combustion engines or the like an adaptation of

Piston geometry or combustion chamber, e.g. an adaptation or training of one or more

Piston wells and / or so-called multiple wells esp. On each Eindingtiefendurchmesser. Hereby, an advantageous interaction with the liquid sprays or fan beams can be realized.

Advantageously, a ratio of a length L of the jet channel (s) with respect to a channel diameter D of the jet channel (s) is greater than 5, in particular substantially between 5 and 10, preferably substantially 7

(V = L / D). It has surprisingly been found that by such an L / D ratio a particularly high

Beam stability of the fan beam can be generated. It has It has been shown that it is precisely the L / D ratio which is of significant influence to ensure a stable and reproducible collision in the impact zone or a stable and reproducible one

Generate Fäc.herstrahlausformung.

A stable and reproducible fan beam is for

numerous applications, especially when injecting fuel into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine or the like, is of crucial importance. Thus it could be determined that, for example, the temperature of the

Fuel or a nearly exactly set pressure of the liquid or the fuel or the back pressure in the

Operating room, etc. surprisingly for the stability and reproducibility of the fan beam in the practice of

are of secondary importance.

For example, channel diameters are substantially between about 80 and 250 microns, preferably about 120 ym, of

Advantage, especially for motorcycles, cars, trucks or

like. In addition, for example, at

Ship diesel engines or similar channel diameter of up to about 2 millimeters conceivable.

In diesel engines so far diesel fuel is injected by means of a single nozzle at a pressure of about 2000 bar in the combustion chamber in practice. But according to the invention, a lower pressure is also possible. As a result, a significantly lower pressure is required in diesel injections compared to the aforementioned prior art. This affects itself

advantageous on the one hand on the constructive dimensioning of the required components, especially on the effort regarding sealing measures or sealing elements. On the other hand, this can be a significant energy savings, namely by the lower pressure, realized.

Advantageously, at least one of the _{jet channels} or all the _{jet channels has} a positive conicity factor K, wherein the conicity _factor K = (D _iime n - D _out n) * 100 / L and / or substantially between 1.0 and 3.0, wherein In the direction of flow of the liquid, Di _nne ii considers an entrance or internal diameter and D _indicates an exit or outside diameter of the _jet channel ₍ s) and L is the length of the _jet channel ₍ s). Alternatively or in combination with this, an entry cross-sectional area of the /

Beam channels greater than an outlet cross-sectional area of the / of the jet channels, wherein the inlet cross section of the / the jet channels in the flow direction of the liquid viewed in front of the outlet cross-section is arranged. Of the

Outlet cross section is advantageously a (lighter) portion / part of an (outer) envelope surface or lateral surface of the nozzle body.

With _. Help of these measures will be a beam channel in

dimensioned advantageously such that it tapers in the flow direction or is formed conically convergent. It has surprisingly been found that hereby a very good jet stability is generated. So be

Rays generated after / from the exit of the

Nozzle body to the impact zone or a Kollisionspuhkt the rays remain largely stable, i. especially without

break up or without isolated / partial individual droplets or the like to separate / replace.

The substantially stable liquid jets generated with the aforementioned measures advantageously collide with defined collision conditions in the impact zone or at the collision point, so that a defined and very stable fan beam is generated.

In the context of the invention, the length L of the jet channel is defined such that the two clear cross-sectional areas or the enveloping surfaces / lateral surfaces of the nozzle body respectively form the beginning and the end of the length of the jet channel. This means that the clear surface area of the nozzle body or the corresponding respective area centroid of the inlet and outlet cross-section define the length in the sense of the invention. Accordingly, the respective diameter D of Beam channel in the sense of the invention as the diameter of the clear cross-sectional area at the inlet or at the outlet of the

Liquid defined in / from the nozzle body / jet channel.

embodiment

An embodiment of the invention is illustrated in the drawing and will be explained in more detail with reference to FIGS.

In detail shows:

Figure 1 is a schematic plan view from below

an injector having a plurality of inventively different lengths trained

Liquid sprays,

Figure 2 is a schematic side view of the injector according to Figure 1 with a plurality of inventively different lengths trained

Liquid sprays and an enlarged, schematic representation,

FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of the principle with four liquid sprays of different lengths each according to the invention and FIG

Figure 4 is schematic views of pistons of a

Internal combustion engine with various wells for a device according to the invention.

1 shows schematically an injector 1 according to the invention, wherein in operation four shorter fan beams 7 and four longer beams 6 can be generated. FIG. 1

illustrates that this is not as possibly the case of the prior art, a nearly circular cross-sectional contour is met, but it is possible to fill a substantially square cross-sectional contour. The longer jets 6 are a wide jet spray which is generated by means of a single jet nozzle 11 or so-called "single hole nozzle", ie this nozzle 11 has only a single jet channel, through which a liquid or a force / Fuel flows and after leaving a channel opening it transforms into a spray or mist of countless droplets.

This spray has a comparatively high flow energy or momentum and can be used in applications in particular

Combustion engine has a beneficial interaction with the engine

Generate combustion air in the cylinder and / or the movable piston.

The shorter fan beams 7 are by means of a

Double jet nozzle 10 is formed, wherein two jet channels

are arranged at an acute angle to each other, so that the liquid flowing through them or the fuel / fuel after passing through corresponding channel openings at a distance from the nozzle wall and collide.

As a result, particularly small droplets are generated, which is advantageous for example. on combustion at force /

Fuel applications.

In addition, by the two clashing

Liquid jets formed a fan beam 7, the in the

Generally not nearly circular cross-section, but an elliptical cross section or a cross section

has, which is wider in a plane than in a plane perpendicular thereto (see, in particular, Figure 2).

The variant shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is merely an advantageous example. Thus, also an injector 1 can be realized, e.g. two double jet nozzles 10 and six single jet nozzles 11 or six double jet nozzles 10 and a single jet nozzle 11, etc.

By means of an injector 1 according to the invention can thus different penetration depths or lengths L of the sprays or liquid jets are generated, so that, for example, in the vicinity of the center of an operating room B or a combustion chamber, the desired fuel-air mixture is generated, while the longer jet 6 ensures that the interaction of spray / Piston / air and charge movements in the operating room is carried out in an advantageous manner. It can be realized by means of the invention, inter alia, two different fuel areas or fuel-air mixtures.

In general, it is advantageous that by means of the different lengths of liquid jets 6, 7 an adaptation to the

spatial, three-dimensional extent of the operating room B can be realized. This is u.a. in FIG. 3

illustrated schematically. Here are four different liquid jets 6, 7 and three, for example

different radii or penetration depths I, II, III shown. For example, the penetration depth I for the

Combustion chamber or injector-near area, penetration depth II for the intermediate area between the center and wall and penetration depth III for the edge region (until shortly before) the wall of the operating room / combustion chamber provided.

Thus, schematically shown here are two fan sprays 7 and two thinner, longer sprays 6, each one

have different lengths L. The number of nozzles or sprays can range from a single to numerous nozzles here.

For different lengths and possibly wide sprays 6.7 is an adaptation of the piston of internal combustion engines of

Advantage. For example, as shown in Figure 4 schematically illustrated piston 20 with wells 21, 22 or with so-called.

Mehrfachmulden be provided. In this case, different piston geometries X, XI, XII, shown by way of example can be used

will be realized. This can be different lengths

trained sprays 6, 7, i. with different

Penetration depths I, II, III, in an advantageous manner with the wells 21, 22 interact. In principle, with the aid of the invention numerous

Advantages can be achieved, such as

- the combination of different penetration depths I, II, III,

- The liquid or fuel-air mixture is for different locations / areas in the operating room B or

Adjustable combustion chamber => homogeneous, rich mixture

close to the center, lean mixture close to the center, lean-lean gradation, etc.,

- Both with different types of nozzles (single jet / double jet nozzles) but also with different

formed double jet nozzles is a gradation of the penetration depths I, II, III feasible, wherein e.g. the angles between the beam channels e.g. about 10 ° = far and about 50 ° = be formed close,

it is possible to realize exit planes (heights) in the longitudinal direction of the injector 1 and / or cylinder, e.g. 1st level with double jet nozzles and in the direction of

Longitudinal axis of the injector 1 and / or cylinder or

Piston 20 offset is the 2nd level for other nozzles, esp. Provided for single jet nozzles,

- Advantageous interaction or further break up the

Rays 6, 7 by speed differences of the different beams / compartments among each other becomes usable as well

- Application u.a. for diesel engines and gasoline engines or other fuels, especially with alignment of im

Essentially radially and / or axially.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1 injector

2 beam channel

3 beam channel

4 opening

5 opening

6 spray

7 spray

10 nozzles

11 nozzle

20 pistons

21 trough

22 trough

I penetration depth

II penetration depth

III penetration depth

X geometry

XI geometry

XII geometry

B operating room L length

P level

Claims

claims

1. Device for atomizing or spraying or injecting liquid into an operating space (B), wherein at least one nozzle (10, 11) with at least one jet channel (2, 3) for generating at least one liquid spray (6, 7)

is provided, characterized in that at least one near-field nozzle (10) for generating a near-field liquid spray (7) and that at least one wide-jet nozzle (11) for generating a wide-jet liquid spray

(6), wherein a length (L) of the near-field liquid spray (7) is smaller than a length (L) of the

Wide-jet liquid sprays (6).

2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the length of the near-field liquid spray (7) is substantially between 10 to 90%, in particular between 30 to 70%, of the length of the wide-jet liquid spray (6).

3. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the wide-jet nozzle (11) comprises a single jet channel (2).

4. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the near field nozzle (10) as

Multiple jet nozzle (10) with at least two jet channels (2,

3) for generating at least two, in a baffle zone

at least partially colliding

Liquid jets is formed.

5. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the Mehrfachstrahldüse (10) for generating a fan beam (7) is formed, whose extension in a fan plane (P) is significantly larger or at least twice as large as in the transverse direction to this fan level (P).

6. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the multi-jet nozzle (10)

Outlet openings (4, 5) of the jet channels (2, 3), wherein between the outlet openings (4, 5) an offset is provided.

7. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the jet channels (2, 3) of the

Multiple jet nozzle (10) in one. Are arranged angle to each other, wherein the angle between 10 ° and 70 °.

8. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the angle of the jet channels (2, 3) for adjusting the length (L) of the near-field liquid spray (7) is provided.

9. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a plurality of near-field nozzles (10) and / or a plurality of wide-jet nozzles (11) or multiple jet nozzles

at least one aligned in the radial direction

Circumferential surface of a nozzle body (16) are arranged distributed.

10. Injector (1) with a device for injecting fuel into a combustion chamber (B) or internal combustion engine with a device for injecting fuel into one

Combustion chamber (B), characterized in that at least one device according to one of the preceding claims is provided.