EP3071840B1 - Dispositif de décharge - Google Patents

Dispositif de décharge Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3071840B1
EP3071840B1 EP14796487.8A EP14796487A EP3071840B1 EP 3071840 B1 EP3071840 B1 EP 3071840B1 EP 14796487 A EP14796487 A EP 14796487A EP 3071840 B1 EP3071840 B1 EP 3071840B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
counter
relief
force
axial thrust
arrangement according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP14796487.8A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3071840A1 (fr
Inventor
Thomas Keller
Gerhard Meyer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
KSB SE and Co KGaA
Original Assignee
KSB SE and Co KGaA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by KSB SE and Co KGaA filed Critical KSB SE and Co KGaA
Publication of EP3071840A1 publication Critical patent/EP3071840A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3071840B1 publication Critical patent/EP3071840B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/04—Shafts or bearings, or assemblies thereof
    • F04D29/041—Axial thrust balancing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/05—Shafts or bearings, or assemblies thereof, specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F04D29/051—Axial thrust balancing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D1/00—Radial-flow pumps, e.g. centrifugal pumps; Helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D17/00—Radial-flow pumps, e.g. centrifugal pumps; Helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F04D17/08—Centrifugal pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/04—Shafts or bearings, or assemblies thereof
    • F04D29/041—Axial thrust balancing
    • F04D29/0413—Axial thrust balancing hydrostatic; hydrodynamic thrust bearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/04—Shafts or bearings, or assemblies thereof
    • F04D29/041—Axial thrust balancing
    • F04D29/0416—Axial thrust balancing balancing pistons
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/04—Shafts or bearings, or assemblies thereof
    • F04D29/046—Bearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/05—Shafts or bearings, or assemblies thereof, specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F04D29/051—Axial thrust balancing
    • F04D29/0513—Axial thrust balancing hydrostatic; hydrodynamic thrust bearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/05—Shafts or bearings, or assemblies thereof, specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F04D29/051—Axial thrust balancing
    • F04D29/0516—Axial thrust balancing balancing pistons
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/05—Shafts or bearings, or assemblies thereof, specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F04D29/056—Bearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/40—Casings; Connections of working fluid
    • F04D29/42—Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F04D29/4206—Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/40—Casings; Connections of working fluid
    • F04D29/42—Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F04D29/426—Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps especially adapted for liquid pumps

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an arrangement for compensating the axial thrust of a turbomachine with a relief element which is connected in a rotationally fixed manner to a shaft and forms a radial throttle gap together with a counter element fixed to the housing.
  • the axial thrust is the result of all axial forces acting on the rotor of a turbomachine. There are different types of axial thrust compensation.
  • relief disk Essentially three types of relief devices are known for absorbing the axial thrust: relief disk, single piston and double piston.
  • a common feature of all three versions is a relief current conducted via gaps.
  • the relief flow which is mostly returned to the inlet of the centrifugal pump, represents a leakage loss, which attempts are made to minimize the gap widths as small as possible.
  • the aim is to achieve an axial position of the rotor which is controlled for all operating states of the turbomachine, in order to ensure trouble-free operation of the turbomachine.
  • rubbing against moving parts on stationary parts must be avoided.
  • the DE 886 250 describes a lifting device for centrifugal pumps.
  • the lifting device forms a separate component, the circumferential parts of which are attached to the stub shaft of the gyroscope facing away from the drive side.
  • the non-rotating parts are supported on the housing of the rotary machine.
  • spring assemblies are arranged in a separate space outside the area through which the liquid flows. This space is sealed off from the pumped medium. Such constructions lead to an extended overall length.
  • a separate housing for the device must be provided.
  • Another option for absorbing the axial forces during start-up and shutdown processes of turbomachines is to use a gimbal ring.
  • the DE 199 27 135 A1 describes a relief device for multi-stage centrifugal pumps, in which a gimbal ring is used.
  • the gimbal ring is dimensioned so that it is elastically deformed by the residual thrust.
  • the gimbal is located in a separate sealed room. This construction also leads to an additional length of the turbomachine.
  • the object of the invention is to provide an arrangement for compensating the axial thrust of a turbomachine, in which rubbing of the relief arm against a counter element is reliably prevented even when starting up or moving down.
  • the prevention of starting should not lead to an additional length of the turbomachine.
  • a separate housing and the use of an additional lubricant should also be avoided.
  • a device for keeping the relief element at a distance from the counter element is arranged on the counter element, said device having at least one force generating element which generates a force opposing the axial thrust.
  • the device is arranged on the counter element itself.
  • the device is located in the medium-flow area of the turbomachine. This means that no shaft extension and no additional housing are required.
  • a separate lubricant is also omitted in the device according to the invention.
  • the device has at least one force-generating element that generates a force that is opposite to the axial thrust.
  • the force generating element can work hydraulically or magnetically, for example. Piezo elements can also be used to generate force.
  • a spring is used as the force generating element. This is inexpensive to manufacture and proves to be extremely reliable in preventing the relief element from being rubbed against the counter element. In addition, no additional drive means are required.
  • the device preferably has an axially displaceable element.
  • the axially displaceable element has at least one area which at least partially engages in a guide formed by the counter element.
  • the axially displaceable element can have an annular projection which engages in an annular recess on the counter element.
  • the force generating element is arranged between the counter element fixed to the housing and the axially displaceable element.
  • a space is formed in which the force generating element is positioned.
  • the force generating element can be supported on the counter element and act on the axially displaceable element.
  • the relief element has surfaces that face a high-pressure space and surfaces that face a low-pressure space.
  • the pressure difference between the high-pressure space and the low-pressure space leads to a relief force that is directed against the axial thrust.
  • the relief force is just as great as the axial thrust.
  • a force is built up during start-up and / or shutdown by the force generating element which is arranged on the counter element.
  • This force acts on an axially displaceable element.
  • the axially displaceable element is moved in the direction of the relief element.
  • a slide bearing element is preferably arranged on the axially displaceable element.
  • the slide bearing element consists of a high-strength thermoplastic.
  • a plastic based on polyaryl ether ketones has proven to be particularly favorable.
  • Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) is preferably used. This sliding element enables medium-lubricated sliding.
  • the force-generating element displaces the axially displaceable element to such an extent that the slide bearing element rests on the relief element.
  • the plain bearing element thus serves as a stop for the relief element, so that rubbing against the relief element on the counter element is prevented.
  • the choice of material according to the invention results in a medium-lubricated sliding of the relief element on the slide bearing element, which prevents the relief element from rubbing against the counter element. This prevents damage to the counter element or the relief element. There is no abrasion, so that the radial throttle gap is retained in its desired geometry.
  • the slide bearing element is preferably a ring.
  • the ring is arranged in a receptacle which is formed by the axially displaceable element.
  • the axially displaceable element can have a groove in which the sliding element lies.
  • the sliding element is preferably fixed to the axially displaceable element by means of an adhesive and / or another fastening means.
  • the axially displaceable element is displaced towards the relief element. If a pressure difference then builds up between the high-pressure space and the low-pressure space, a pressure difference acts on the relief element, which leads to a relief force and shifts the rotor against the axial thrust.
  • a sealing element is preferably arranged between the axially displaceable element and the counter element.
  • a high-pressure chamber is separated from a low-pressure chamber by this sealing element.
  • the force generating element is arranged in a room in which the pressure is lower.
  • the counter element preferably has an opening which connects the space in which the force element is arranged to the relief space. This connection allows medium to escape or flow in from the space when the axially displaceable element is displaced.
  • Figure 1 shows a centrifugal pump with a shaft 1, which carries several impellers 2.
  • the impellers are surrounded by a stage housing 3.
  • the pumped medium flows through a pressure housing 4.
  • An axial throttle gap 8 is formed between a throttle sleeve 6, which is connected to the pressure housing 4, and a component 7, which is connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the shaft 1 and is also referred to as a piston and on the outer circumference of which a polyetheretherketone layer is preferably provided.
  • Delivery fluid is branched off from the high-pressure region of the centrifugal pump through the axial throttle gap 8 and conducted as a relief flow.
  • the in the Fig. 2 Spaces 9 and 10 shown are filled with liquid. It is preferably the medium of the centrifugal pump. During operation of the centrifugal pump, the pressure in space 9 is significantly higher than in space 10. Between the “high pressure” space 9 and the “low pressure” space 10, a relief element 11 is arranged. In the exemplary embodiment, the relief element 11 is a relief disk. The relief element 11 is rotatably connected to the shaft 1.
  • the axial thrust acts from left to right with a view of the drawing.
  • a radial throttle gap 13 is formed between the relief element 11 and a counter element 12.
  • the counter element 12 is firmly connected to the housing.
  • the relief element 11 acts in the arrangement according to the invention as a self-regulating hydrodynamic axial bearing.
  • the axial throttle gap 8 must be designed such that a radial throttle gap 13 of more than 0.01 mm and less than 0.12 mm is established.
  • wear is now prevented by a device for keeping the relief element 11 at a distance from the counter element 12 when starting and / or moving off.
  • the device is arranged on the counter element 12 according to the invention.
  • the device comprises a force generating element 14.
  • the force generating element 14 generates one of the axial thrust when moving in and / or out opposing force, which ensures that the relief element 11 is kept at a distance from the counter element 12.
  • the spacing device has an axially displaceable element 15.
  • the force generating element 14 is arranged between the axially displaceable element 15 and the counter element 12 fixed to the housing.
  • the device comprises a slide bearing element 16 which is supported by the axially displaceable element 15.
  • the axially displaceable element 15 has a recess 17 in which the slide bearing element 16, which is designed as a ring, is arranged.
  • the recess 17 is designed as a circular groove.
  • the end face of the slide bearing element 16 is directed towards the relief element 11.
  • the slide bearing element 16 consists of polyether ether ketone (PEEK).
  • the slide bearing element 16 preferably has a structured end face directed towards the relief element 11 with channels not shown. This enables a medium-lubricated plain bearing.
  • the force generating element 14 moves the axially displaceable element 15 from right to left with a view of the drawing.
  • the plain bearing element 16 bears on the relief element 11, which has an armored region 18 on the side facing the plain bearing element 16.
  • a medium-lubricated plain bearing is thus created between the relief element 11 and the plain bearing element 16. This prevents the relief element 11 from rubbing against the counter element 12.
  • the arrangement according to the invention thus creates a device which disengages when starting or moving off and thus shifts from right to left and moves back into its operating position during the operating state and thus is shifted from left to right in view of the drawing.
  • the axially displaceable element 15 has a first groove 19, in which a sealing element 20 designed as an O-ring is arranged.
  • the axially displaceable element 15 has a second groove 21, in which a sealing element 22 designed as an O-ring is arranged.
  • the sealing elements 20 and 22 separate the “high pressure” space 9 from the “low pressure” space 10.
  • the counter element 12 has an opening 23 which connects a space in which the force generating element 14 is arranged to the relief space 10.
  • the opening 23 is designed as a pressure compensation hole.
  • the axially displaceable element 15 moves back into its extended position and prevents the throttling surfaces from tarnishing.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Control Of Non-Positive-Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Agencement pour la compensation de la poussée axiale d'une turbomachine comprenant un élément de décharge (11) qui est connecté de manière solidaire en rotation à un arbre (1) et qui forme, conjointement avec un élément conjugué (12) fixé au boîtier, une fente d'étranglement radiale (13),
    caractérisé en ce
    qu'un dispositif d'espacement de l'élément de décharge (11) par rapport à l'élément conjugué (12) est disposé au niveau de l'élément conjugué (12), lequel présente au moins un élément de génération de force (14) qui génère une force opposée à la poussée axiale.
  2. Agencement selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif présente un élément déplaçable axialement (15).
  3. Agencement selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de génération de force (14) est disposé entre l'élément conjugué (12) et l'élément déplaçable axialement (15).
  4. Agencement selon la revendication 2 ou 3, caractérisé en ce qu'un élément de palier lisse (16) est disposé au niveau de l'élément déplaçable axialement (15).
  5. Agencement selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 4, caractérisé en ce que l'élément conjugué (12) présente un guide pour l'élément déplaçable axialement (15).
  6. Agencement selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 5, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins un élément d'étanchéité (20, 22) est disposé entre l'élément déplaçable axialement (15) et l'élément conjugué (12).
  7. Agencement selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que l'élément conjugué (12) présente une ouverture (23) qui relie un premier espace dans lequel est disposé l'élément de génération de force (14) à un deuxième espace (10).
  8. Procédé de compensation de la poussée axiale d'une turbomachine comprenant un agencement selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce qu'une force opposée à la poussée axiale est créée par un élément de génération de force (14) qui est disposé au niveau d'un élément conjugué (12).
  9. Procédé selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que la force opposée déplace axialement un élément (15).
  10. Procédé selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce qu'un élément (16) vient en butée vers un élément de décharge rotatif (11) sous l'effet du déplacement axial, et de ce fait un contact entre l'élément de décharge (11) et un élément conjugué fixe (12) est empêché.
EP14796487.8A 2013-11-21 2014-11-10 Dispositif de décharge Active EP3071840B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102013223806.1A DE102013223806A1 (de) 2013-11-21 2013-11-21 Entlastungseinrichtung
PCT/EP2014/074134 WO2015074903A1 (fr) 2013-11-21 2014-11-10 Dispositif de décharge

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3071840A1 EP3071840A1 (fr) 2016-09-28
EP3071840B1 true EP3071840B1 (fr) 2020-01-01

Family

ID=51894029

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP14796487.8A Active EP3071840B1 (fr) 2013-11-21 2014-11-10 Dispositif de décharge

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US10094388B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP3071840B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP6378765B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR101832927B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN105745452B (fr)
DE (1) DE102013223806A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2779401T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2015074903A1 (fr)

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EP3171033A1 (fr) * 2015-11-19 2017-05-24 Grundfos Holding A/S Pompe centrifuge à étages multiples avec ouverture de carter pour la maintenance d'un piston d'équilibrage de poussée axiale
EP3171028B1 (fr) * 2015-11-19 2019-08-14 Grundfos Holding A/S Pompe centrifuge multicellulaire avec un piston d'équilibrage de poussée axiale dont les faces de haute et basse pression sont séparées par une garniture mécanique
CN106050726B (zh) * 2016-07-08 2018-06-05 重庆美的通用制冷设备有限公司 压缩机
ES2904473T3 (es) 2017-08-23 2022-04-05 Sulzer Management Ag Dispositivo de rodamiento de eje con dispositivo de elevación
DE102019001120A1 (de) * 2019-02-15 2020-08-20 KSB SE & Co. KGaA Entlastungseinrichtung
GB2585093A (en) * 2019-06-28 2020-12-30 Equinor Energy As Rotating machine interface arrangement
EP3832143A1 (fr) * 2019-12-02 2021-06-09 Sulzer Management AG Pompe dotée d'un dispositif de levage
EP4067662A1 (fr) * 2021-04-01 2022-10-05 Sulzer Management AG Ensemble pour compenser les forces axiales dans une machine à flux rotatif et une pompe centrifuge à plusieurs étages

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20160298638A1 (en) 2016-10-13
KR101832927B1 (ko) 2018-02-27
KR20160088921A (ko) 2016-07-26
CN105745452B (zh) 2018-09-21
DE102013223806A1 (de) 2015-05-21
ES2779401T3 (es) 2020-08-17
US10094388B2 (en) 2018-10-09
CN105745452A (zh) 2016-07-06
WO2015074903A1 (fr) 2015-05-28
EP3071840A1 (fr) 2016-09-28
JP6378765B2 (ja) 2018-08-22
JP2016540152A (ja) 2016-12-22

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