EP3068282A1 - Procédé et système de détermination d'endophénotypes caractéristiques d'une maladie, telle la schizophrénie - Google Patents
Procédé et système de détermination d'endophénotypes caractéristiques d'une maladie, telle la schizophrénieInfo
- Publication number
- EP3068282A1 EP3068282A1 EP14809479.0A EP14809479A EP3068282A1 EP 3068282 A1 EP3068282 A1 EP 3068282A1 EP 14809479 A EP14809479 A EP 14809479A EP 3068282 A1 EP3068282 A1 EP 3068282A1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- parameters
- subjects
- subject
- disease
- deficient
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/16—Devices for psychotechnics; Testing reaction times ; Devices for evaluating the psychological state
- A61B5/163—Devices for psychotechnics; Testing reaction times ; Devices for evaluating the psychological state by tracking eye movement, gaze, or pupil change
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
- A61B3/10—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions
- A61B3/113—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions for determining or recording eye movement
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/16—Devices for psychotechnics; Testing reaction times ; Devices for evaluating the psychological state
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/16—Devices for psychotechnics; Testing reaction times ; Devices for evaluating the psychological state
- A61B5/162—Testing reaction times
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/16—Devices for psychotechnics; Testing reaction times ; Devices for evaluating the psychological state
- A61B5/165—Evaluating the state of mind, e.g. depression, anxiety
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of biomarkers for heritable component diseases, such as schizophrenia, schizotypal personality disorder, or bipolar disorder.
- the invention more particularly relates to a method for determining endophenotypes characteristic of such a disease.
- markers in particular biomarkers, capable of allowing the detection of subjects suffering from the disease before the latter is declared.
- an inherited disease (46% sick if both parents are schizophrenic, 10% if there is a first-degree relative [father, mother, brother, sister])
- research has focused on the identification of endophenotypic markers .
- the choice of oculomotor parameters used as endophenotypes is initially arbitrarily performed before being confirmed by analyzing the variance of said parameter for the sick subjects compared to a group of healthy subjects.
- the invention aims to overcome all or part of these disadvantages, in particular in order to constitute an endophenotypic profile characteristic of an inherited disease. Such a profile can then be used in the early detection of the disease (i.e., before it is clinically declared).
- the invention aims in particular at a method for determining endophenotypes characteristic of a disease, comprising the following steps:
- subject diseased subjects and subjects related to diseased subjects to at least one visual test are subject diseased subjects and subjects related to diseased subjects to at least one visual test
- the invention also provides a system for determining endophenotypes characteristic of a disease, comprising:
- test module for subjecting diseased subjects and subjects related to diseased subjects to at least one visual test;
- eye movement tracking module configured to record during said test, the eye movements of each subject;
- a digital processing module configured to determine, in the recordings obtained, a plurality of oculomotor parameters for each subject
- a comparator configured to compare the determined parameters of each subject with respective reference parameters to determine deficient parameters
- an endophenotypic profile generator configured to select, as endophenotypes, the parameters determined to be deficient for at least a predefined proportion of the diseased subjects or a predefined proportion of the related subjects, so as to constitute an endophenotypic patient profile for said disease.
- the invention makes it possible to obtain a more effective oculomotor biomarker profile for the detection of diseases such as schizophrenia, with respect to oculomotor endophenotypes as proposed in the known techniques.
- the method (and therefore the system) according to the invention thus leads to new tools that can be used for the diagnosis of diseases.
- the system according to the invention may also comprise means configured to implement these optional features.
- the endophenotypic profile generator is configured to distribute the selected endophenotype parameters of the disease into a first group (referred to as “traits”) corresponding to the parameters determined to be deficient for the predefined proportion of the diseased subjects and the proportion predefined relatives, and a second group (called “states”) corresponding to the parameters determined to be deficient for the predefined proportion of sick subjects only.
- the endophenotypic profile generator is configured to select the parameters determined to be deficient for at least a predefined proportion equal to half of the subjects considered.
- the median can be applied to both sick and related subjects.
- the visual test is a task of detecting a target on a screen.
- the at least one test also includes a visual exploration test.
- the invention also relates to the use of the endophenotypic profile obtained by the above method, in the diagnosis of a clinical abnormality, typically schizophrenia.
- FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a system for assisting the detection of an oculomotor abnormality by visual search test, according to the invention
- FIG. 2 represents an example of a test for detecting horizontal targets (at the top) and vertical targets (at the bottom);
- Figure 3 illustrates a record of eye movements of a subject during a visual test
- FIG. 5 illustrates a mapping of the oculomotor parameters for a population of schizophrenic subjects subjected to a target detection test
- FIG. 6 illustrates a mapping of the oculomotor parameters for a population of related subjects subjected to a target detection test
- FIG. 7 illustrates a mapping of the oculomotor parameters for a population of schizophrenic subjects subjected to visual exploration tests
- FIG. 8 illustrates a mapping of the oculomotor parameters for a population of related subjects subjected to visual exploration tests
- FIG. 9 represents the two overlapping maps of FIGS. 5 and 6, identifying significant loss parameters classified by "traits” and “states”;
- FIG. 10 represents the two superimposed maps of FIGS. 7 and 8, identifying significant loss parameters classified by "traits” and “states”;
- FIG. 11 illustrates in logic diagram form the main steps of a method of using the endophenotypic profile obtained by the method of FIG. 4;
- FIG. 12 illustrates three profiles of patients at risk during the implementation of the method of Figure 11.
- a system 1 that assists in the determination of biomarkers or endophenotypes characteristic of a disease, such as schizophrenia, schizotypal personality disorder or bipolar disorder, comprises a part of test, an acquisition and processing part and a biomarker profile generator.
- the test portion includes in particular a test module for submitting a subject S to at least one visual test including a horizontal target detection task and / or a vertical target detection task and / or a visual exploration task, and a screen 1 1 to display targets and / or faces to the subject at a distance of between about 45 and 65 cm, preferably about 60 cm.
- read or letter search tasks in a text may be considered instead of target detection tests.
- Figure 2 illustrates an example of targets presented to the subject for the detection tests.
- the appearance of the peripheral target is carried out under different temporal conditions involving a different attentional process (endogenous or exogenous) depending on the case.
- the target is displayed in a field of view of the subject S with a width of between 5 and 40 degrees, and a height of between 5 and 20 degrees, advantageously 22 degrees on the horizontal plane and 13 degrees. on the vertical plane.
- the targets presented to the subject advantageously comprise several appearances, for example between 10 and 40, in particular between 15 and 30.
- these targets comprise 2 positions, of appearance conditioned by a different time window (200 ms or 0 ms or simultaneous, in which the central target does not disappear).
- a different time window 200 ms or 0 ms or simultaneous, in which the central target does not disappear.
- the subject's eyes are made to perform several jerks.
- tests are planned involving between 10 and 40 saccades, preferably between 15 and 30 saccades.
- the subject is made to perform several progressive horizontal and vertical saccades to detect the targets.
- the test module 10 instructs the subject S, either to detect the target by looking at / fixing it, or to ignore the target.
- the subject may be brought to successively perform the detection tasks.
- the visual exploration test consists of all or part of a task of free exploration of emotional faces displayed on the subject, a task of recognizing the emotion of a face displayed on the subject among a list of emotions, and a face recognition task displayed to the subject among a plurality of faces.
- the acquisition and processing part comprises a video acquisition module 15 placed in front of the subject's eyes to acquire at a high rate (for example every 4 ms) the displacement of each of the eyes during the visual test.
- the video acquisition module 15 performs a pretreatment of the acquired images, according to conventional image processing techniques, to obtain a recording, in time, of the displacement of each eye in amplitude along the horizontal axis (degrees relative to each other). at the center of vision) and along the vertical axis.
- the video acquisition module 15 tracks the eye movements for both eyes simultaneously.
- the Mobile Eyebrain Tracker (Mobile EBT®) system can be used.
- the two curves obtained 16 are then recorded in a system memory for immediate or subsequent data collection processing.
- FIG. 3 represents an example of a portion of the records of the horizontal movement for the right eye OD (bottom curve) and for the left eye OG (top curve), in a healthy subject, during a detection test ( Figure 2). Recordings are shown when horizontal targets are detected.
- the acquisition and processing part of the system 1 also comprises a digital processing module 17 configured to determine, in the records 16, a plurality of oculomotor parameters specific to the subject S from the corresponding records.
- oculomotor parameters 18 relating to the mechanical oculomotricity of the subject, which can be calculated from the records in the detection task, in particular the percentage of expectations, the percentage of direction errors, the latency (delay between the appearance of the target and the initiation of the saccade), the gain (ratio between the distance of the target and the distance traveled by the eye) and the average speed of the saccade.
- These parameters are for example calculated for the delayed saccades or "gaps" (ie at the time window of 200 ms after the appearance of the central and peripheral target), immediate saccades or “steps” (time window of 0 ms after the appearance of the central and peripheral target), simultaneous saccades or overlaps (simultaneous appearance of the peripheral and central target), antisaccades (target to be ignored) and vertical saccades (appearance of the target on the vertical plane).
- the oculomotor parameters 18 relating to the cognitive oculomotricity may comprise at least the time spent in a region of interest.
- the input latency in the region of interest can be calculated and taken into account.
- the eyes and the mouth of the face displayed on the subject are the two regions of interest to be taken into account.
- At least four emotions can be taken into account in these tests of visual exploration: neutral emotion, joy, sadness and fear.
- the skilled person is able to perform the measurements of the above parameters without the need to provide more details.
- the spatial correspondence between the horizontal angular positions (ie movements) and vertical eyes, on the one hand, and the position of the regions of interest, on the other hand, is geometric and mathematical considerations within the reach of the skilled person.
- oculomotor parameters can be added to these oculomotor parameters.
- a value representative of the recognition performance (emotion, face during visual exploration tests), especially the percentage of recognition of the good emotion / good face, can be considered here (and therefore possibly in the endophenotypic profile). of the invention described later).
- the system 1 may comprise a graphical user interface to allow its parameterization, and in particular the selection of the oculomotor parameters to be measured. By default, all the mechanical oculomotricity parameters mentioned above are determined. Similarly, for visual exploration tests, the two time parameters passed in a region of interest by type of test are calculated, resulting in 24 parameters in the presence of the 4 emotions and 3 tests.
- the acquisition and processing part of the system 1 comprises a module 19 for matching the value or values determined for the oculomotor parameters 18 with at least one or more corresponding threshold values VS so as to determine a deficit parameter; ie, an oculomotor abnormality in the subject S.
- the threshold values VS define a reference profile corresponding to healthy subjects.
- the identification of the defective parameters of the subject S is sent to the biomarker profile generator 20.
- the latter uses all the parameters determined to be deficient for a population of subjects in order to generate an endophenotypic profile, that is to say consisting of oculomotor biomarkers, as described below.
- System 1 can also be used on a population of healthy subjects to determine VS threshold values discussed above, if these do not exist. Conventional techniques are adopted here, for example by averaging the values taken by a given oculomotor parameter for all healthy subjects, then defining a confidence interval around the mean using the standard deviation and / or percentiles. The upper and / or lower limit, as the case may be, constitutes a threshold value VS.
- FIG. 4 illustrates in the form of a logic diagram the main steps of one embodiment of the invention.
- a schizophrenia biomarker profile from a G1 group of diseased subjects (ie for whom schizophrenia was diagnosed) and a G2 group of subjects related to diseased subjects, preferably related to the 1st degree.
- step 400 all of the diseased subjects and subjects related to the diseased subjects are subjected (each in turn - steps 400 to 404 are performed for a given subject) to at least one visual test.
- the mechanical oculomotricity tests (detection test) and optionally the cognitive oculomotricity tests (visual exploration tests) are preferably carried out.
- step 402 the records are processed by the module 17 to determine the plurality of oculomotor parameters defined for each subject under test.
- oculomotor parameters 25 parameters of mechanical oculomotricity and 24 parameters of cognitive oculomotricity of the preceding example.
- the module 19 determines, among the oculomotor parameters obtained, those which are "deficient", that is to say those which reveal an oculomotor abnormality (mechanical or cognitive).
- the parameters determined in step 402 for each subject are compared with respective reference parameters: the threshold values VS indicated above.
- Parameters that prove to be out of the norm typically outside the confidence interval [mean ⁇ standard deviation] and / or out of the range of at least the 10 th and 90 th percentiles discussed above) are declared to be in deficit.
- step 404 applied to each of the subjects in groups G1 and G2, for each subject and for each test, a set of oculomotor parameters is obtained, some of which may have been described as "deficient".
- step 404 the generator 20 uses this information to determine for each group G1 and G2 all of the significant deficit parameters in order to select them as possible endophenotypes.
- the proportion threshold values can be modulated by the user in order to refine the profile generated by the generator 20.
- the same proportion is used for the two groups, for example by choosing the median.
- the significant deficit parameters are those that are deficient for at least half of the subjects in the group considered. The inventor estimates that this frequency of occurrence of the deficit parameter is sufficiently representative.
- FIG. 5 illustrates a mapping of the oculomotor parameters (P1 to P25) cited above for the population of schizophrenic subjects (group G1) subjected to a detection test.
- the rays represent each measured oculomotor parameter, and the scale represents the number of subjects (therefore indirectly the frequency) for which the oculomotor parameter is altered, and therefore deficient, among the set of subjects (here 52 subjects).
- the circle in bold represents the threshold value VS, here the median.
- FIG. 6 illustrates the same mapping of the oculomotor parameters mentioned previously for the population of related subjects (group G2 - 40 subjects) subjected to a detection test.
- FIG. 7 illustrates the same mapping of the 24 oculomotor parameters mentioned above for the population of schizophrenic subjects (group G1) subjected to the three visual exploration tests.
- FIG. 8 illustrates the same mapping of the 24 oculomotor parameters cited above for the population of related subjects (group G2) subjected to the three visual exploration tests.
- Step 404 then consists in selecting all or part of these significant deficient parameters to constitute an endophenotypic patient profile 408 for schizophrenia.
- a simple approach is to take all of the identified significant deficit parameters.
- these significant deficit parameters (of the G1 group) selected as endophenotypes of schizophrenia are distributed in a first group (called “traits”) corresponding to the significant deficit parameters for both the G1 group and for the group G2, and in a second group (called “states”) corresponding to the deficit parameters significant for only the group G1 (that is to say not significant deficits for the group G2).
- Figure 9 shows the two superimposed maps of Figures 5 and 6, identifying the 14 significant loss parameters "traits” and “states” retained for the target detection test.
- Figure 10 shows the two superimposed maps of Figures 7 and 8, identifying the significant loss parameters "traits” and “states” retained for the visual exploration test.
- Figure 11 illustrates a use of the endophenotypic profile 408 for the prevention of schizophrenia (or, more generally, of a hereditary disease).
- step 1100 the processing module 17 obtains OD and OG records from a patient at risk, that is to say, for whom the disease has not yet been diagnosed but who is at risk (by example related to a patient or subject to risk factors), which was subjected to the appropriate tests for the endophenotypic profile 408 used.
- step 1 102 the constitutive parameters of the endophenotypic profile 408 are calculated from the records for each of the patients at risk, so as to obtain the profile of the patient at risk.
- this profile is compared to a reference profile 506, that is, to the aforementioned VS values to identify out-of-profile parameters.
- the profile for a subject at risk highlights the deficit parameters: the higher the number of parameters reached, the greater the risk of conversion to the disease.
- Figure 12 illustrates three profiles of patients at risk during the implementation of the method of Figure 11.
- the solid circle in the center represents the norm (reference profile 506).
- the significant deficit parameters were grouped by “traits” (top of the graph) or “states” (bottom part of the graph), which makes it possible to quickly identify the profiles susceptible to conversion towards the disease.
- the profile 12a comprises a large number of deficits on “state” parameters (not expressed by the disease) while having "trait” parameters already deficient.
- profile 12c “sparse"
- the subject at risk did not switch to schizophrenia or bipolar depression. It is considered “healthy”.
- profile 12b in half-sun
- the subject at risk has not yet converted to schizophrenia, but may present signs of bipolar depression.
- the 408 endophenotype profile (biomarkers) according to the invention thus constitutes an early and standardized clinical indication.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1361152A FR3012953B1 (fr) | 2013-11-14 | 2013-11-14 | Procede et systeme de determination d'endophenotypes caracteristiques d'une maladie, telle la schizophrenie |
| PCT/FR2014/052867 WO2015071583A1 (fr) | 2013-11-14 | 2014-11-10 | Procédé et système de détermination d'endophénotypes caractéristiques d'une maladie, telle la schizophrénie |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3068282A1 true EP3068282A1 (fr) | 2016-09-21 |
Family
ID=50424390
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP14809479.0A Withdrawn EP3068282A1 (fr) | 2013-11-14 | 2014-11-10 | Procédé et système de détermination d'endophénotypes caractéristiques d'une maladie, telle la schizophrénie |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP3068282A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3012953B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2015071583A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR3066097A1 (fr) * | 2017-05-10 | 2018-11-16 | Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1 | Dispositif et methode d'evaluation neuropsychologique |
| CN111863256B (zh) * | 2020-07-20 | 2024-01-09 | 中国科学院生物物理研究所 | 一种基于视觉认知功能损害的精神性疾病检测装置 |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2978910B1 (fr) * | 2011-08-11 | 2015-07-17 | E Ye Brain | Procede de detection d'une anormalite oculomotrice chez un sujet par test de recherche visuelle, et un systeme d'aide a une telle detection |
| GB201200122D0 (en) * | 2012-01-05 | 2012-02-15 | Univ Aberdeen | An apparatus and a method for psychiatric evaluation |
-
2013
- 2013-11-14 FR FR1361152A patent/FR3012953B1/fr active Active
-
2014
- 2014-11-10 WO PCT/FR2014/052867 patent/WO2015071583A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2014-11-10 EP EP14809479.0A patent/EP3068282A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| None * |
| See also references of WO2015071583A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3012953B1 (fr) | 2015-12-18 |
| WO2015071583A1 (fr) | 2015-05-21 |
| FR3012953A1 (fr) | 2015-05-15 |
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