EP3058052A1 - Schmierölzusammensetzung zum schutz von lagern aus silber in mittelschnell laufenden dieselmotoren - Google Patents
Schmierölzusammensetzung zum schutz von lagern aus silber in mittelschnell laufenden dieselmotorenInfo
- Publication number
- EP3058052A1 EP3058052A1 EP14854335.8A EP14854335A EP3058052A1 EP 3058052 A1 EP3058052 A1 EP 3058052A1 EP 14854335 A EP14854335 A EP 14854335A EP 3058052 A1 EP3058052 A1 EP 3058052A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- lubricating oil
- oil composition
- alkyl
- hydrogen
- alkoxylated fatty
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 132
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- -1 diamine salt Chemical class 0.000 claims description 97
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 15
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 15
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical class OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000002467 phosphate group Chemical group [H]OP(=O)(O[H])O[*] 0.000 claims description 7
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- BNMJSBUIDQYHIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl dihydrogen phosphate Chemical class CCCCOP(O)(O)=O BNMJSBUIDQYHIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- SCIGVHCNNXTQDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N decyl dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCOP(O)(O)=O SCIGVHCNNXTQDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- QHAUASBJFFBWMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N didecyl hydrogen phosphate Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCOP(O)(=O)OCCCCCCCCCC QHAUASBJFFBWMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- HUDSKKNIXMSHSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihexyl hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound CCCCCCOP(O)(=O)OCCCCCC HUDSKKNIXMSHSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 6
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- SEGLCEQVOFDUPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COP(O)(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC SEGLCEQVOFDUPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003137 locomotive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- QGLWBTPVKHMVHM-KTKRTIGZSA-N (z)-octadec-9-en-1-amine Chemical class CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCN QGLWBTPVKHMVHM-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- HTDKEJXHILZNPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioctyl hydrogen phosphate Chemical class CCCCCCCCOP(O)(=O)OCCCCCCCC HTDKEJXHILZNPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WJZUIWBZDGBLKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipentyl hydrogen phosphate Chemical class CCCCCOP(O)(=O)OCCCCC WJZUIWBZDGBLKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QVKQJEWZVQFGIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl hydrogen phosphate Chemical class CCCOP(O)(=O)OCCC QVKQJEWZVQFGIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- GGKJPMAIXBETTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptyl dihydrogen phosphate Chemical class CCCCCCCOP(O)(O)=O GGKJPMAIXBETTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WRKCIHRWQZQBOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N octyl dihydrogen phosphate Chemical class CCCCCCCCOP(O)(O)=O WRKCIHRWQZQBOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- MHZDONKZSXBOGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl dihydrogen phosphate Chemical class CCCOP(O)(O)=O MHZDONKZSXBOGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- REYJJPSVUYRZGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Octadecylamine Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCN REYJJPSVUYRZGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940043276 diisopropanolamine Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)O OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- PHNWGDTYCJFUGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexyl dihydrogen phosphate Chemical class CCCCCCOP(O)(O)=O PHNWGDTYCJFUGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 210000005053 lamin Anatomy 0.000 claims 1
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 63
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 description 45
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 31
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 28
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 27
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 24
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 22
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 19
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 19
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 17
- KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinimide Chemical compound O=C1CCC(=O)N1 KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 12
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 229920013639 polyalphaolefin Polymers 0.000 description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 11
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229920001515 polyalkylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 9
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 8
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Succinic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 235000011044 succinic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 229960002317 succinimide Drugs 0.000 description 7
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 6
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 150000003871 sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 6
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 5
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010705 motor oil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000005165 hydroxybenzoic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000003014 phosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 3
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000994 depressogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl ether Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1OC1=CC=CC=C1 USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 150000002440 hydroxy compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 3
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920001281 polyalkylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001083 polybutene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 3
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- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 3
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- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 150000003902 salicylic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 231100000241 scar Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 3
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- CIRMGZKUSBCWRL-LHLOQNFPSA-N (e)-10-[2-(7-carboxyheptyl)-5,6-dihexylcyclohex-3-en-1-yl]dec-9-enoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCC1C=CC(CCCCCCCC(O)=O)C(\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O)C1CCCCCC CIRMGZKUSBCWRL-LHLOQNFPSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000954 2-hydroxyethyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])O[H] 0.000 description 2
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylhydroxytoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical class S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- VJHINFRRDQUWOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioctyl sebacate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC VJHINFRRDQUWOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCC(O)=O BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphite(3-) Chemical class [O-]P([O-])[O-] AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003580 thiophosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- STCOOQWBFONSKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributyl phosphate Chemical compound CCCCOP(=O)(OCCCC)OCCCC STCOOQWBFONSKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WMYJOZQKDZZHAC-UHFFFAOYSA-H trizinc;dioxido-sulfanylidene-sulfido-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical class [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]P([O-])([S-])=S.[O-]P([O-])([S-])=S WMYJOZQKDZZHAC-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 239000002383 tung oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010913 used oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019871 vegetable fat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010698 whale oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012991 xanthate Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M137/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus
- C10M137/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus having no phosphorus-to-carbon bond
- C10M137/04—Phosphate esters
- C10M137/08—Ammonium or amine salts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
- C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
- C10M133/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
- C10M133/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M133/08—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/08—Inorganic acids or salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/085—Phosphorus oxides, acids or salts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/125—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
- C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2215/042—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Alkoxylated derivatives thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
- C10M2219/044—Sulfonic acids, Derivatives thereof, e.g. neutral salts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
- C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
- C10M2223/043—Ammonium or amine salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
- C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
- C10M2223/047—Thioderivatives not containing metallic elements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
- C10M2223/049—Phosphite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/10—Inhibition of oxidation, e.g. anti-oxidants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
- C10N2040/252—Diesel engines
Definitions
- the present invention generally relates to a crankcase lubricating oil composition and a method for protection of silver bearings in medium speed diesel engines.
- crankcase lubricant oils which contain additives to stabilize oxidation, and which are non-corrosive to bearing materials including silver.
- Oxidation deterioration is undesirable because it can lead to decomposition of the engine lubricant.
- This deterioration of the lubricant has ramifications such as an increase in viscosity, the formation of sludge, and an increase in engine deposits.
- As the lubricant oxidizes it becomes more acidic and can cause corrosion of an engines' metal components such as bearing materials.
- care must be taken to ensure the additives themselves are not corrosive to metal components during engine operation.
- US patent number 8,084,404 discloses a silver protective lubricant composition for locomotive diesel engine, which contains a mixture of a hydrocarbyl amine salt of di-alkyl di- thiophosphoric acid and a hydrocarbyl amine salt of an alkyl acid phosphate.
- the hydrocarbyl on the hydrocarbyl amine salt of an alkyl acid phosphate may be aliphatic, alicyclic, aromatic or mixtures thereof. However, there is no teaching on whether the amine contains any hydroxy alkyl groups.
- US patent number 5,902,776 discloses lubricant oil or functional fluid compositions comprising a phosphate compound and a thiocarbamate compound of specific structure.
- the phosphate compound comprises an ammonium salt of phosphate.
- the compositions are useful for providing lubricating oil compositions and functional fluids, especially engine lubricating oils with enhanced anti-wear properties, and in one embodiment enhanced antioxidant properties.
- US patent application number 20080125336 discloses a lubricating composition for improved phosphorus retention of used oil and a method for decreasing catalyst deactivation in a catalytic system for an engine exhaust.
- the lubricant composition is provided by a baseoil and an additive composition that contains a phosphorus-containing additive mixture.
- the phosphorus-containing additive mixture includes an ash-containing phosphorus compound and an ash-free phosphorus compound.
- the ash-free phosphorus compound comprises an amine salt of phosphate.
- the lubricant composition is useful for engine oil lubricant, e.g. railroad diesel engines.
- German patent number DE 2,357, 199 discloses a lubricant composition consists of phosphorothionic acid triesters and phosphate esters.
- the phosphate esters could be obtained by neutralizing diester of phosphoric acid with monovalent N-containing base of certain formula.
- the lubricant additive has anti wear property and does not corrode silver or its alloys.
- European patent number 1,299,509 discloses a friction modifier additive combination comprising an oil-soluble fatty amine and an oil-soluble fatty amide for use as components for lubricants and functional fluids, particularly power transmission fluids e.g., gear oils, fluids for continually variable transmissions, and automatic transmission fluids especially for automatic transmissions equipped with an electronically controlled converter.
- US patent number 5,286,394 discloses a crankcase lubricant composition contains a friction modifier and a Na sulphonate and a Cu carboxylate.
- the friction modifier is selected from glycerol monooleate, pentaerythritol monooleate, oleamide, bis(2-hydroxyethyl)- oleylamine and coco diethanolamide.
- US patent application number 20060030498 discloses s a lubricating oil additive concentrate used in formulation of lubricating oil composition for crankcase engine oils, comprising a basic metal complex, polyalkenyl acylating agent, and surface active agent containing hydroxyl or amino group.
- the surface active agent comprises an ethoxylated tallow amine, which is Ethomeen 0/12.
- US patent number 5,906,969 discloses a lubricant composition for internal combustion engine comprising of molybdenum dithiocarbamate of specific formula, mixture of salicylates, one or more sulfonate and alkylated(alkoxy) amine.
- the alkoxyamine could be an Ethomeen 0/12 or Ethoduomeen T/13 compound.
- European patent number 0,638, 117 discloses a lubricating oil composition comprising an alkoxylated amine of a specific formula and a phenol compound to enhance the friction properties of lubricating composition.
- the amine could be Ethomeen 0/12 or Ethoduomeen T/13.
- European patent number 0,649,458 discloses a lubricating oil composition for automotive engines and transmissions comprises oil of lubricating viscosity with mixed friction modifiers.
- the mixed friction modifiers comprise mixture of alkoxylated hydrocarbyl amine and a polyol partial ester of fatty acid, which may be Ethomeen 0/12 or Ethoduomeen T/13.
- Japanese patent number 2005146010 discloses a lubricating oil composition contains an ash- free antioxidant and/or amine compound of a specific type.
- the amine compound could be an Ethomeen 0/12 or Ethoduomeen T/13 compound.
- the compositions can be useful for a diesel engine.
- crankcase lubricating oil compositions which protect silver bearings in medium speed diesel engines. It is also desirable for methods of lubricating medium speed diesel engines with crankcase lubricating oil compositions which protect silver bearings.
- lubricating oil compositions which protect silver bearings and reduce friction in medium speed diesel engines. Also provided, is a method for reducing silver bearing wear and friction in medium speed diesel engines.
- the present invention is based on the surprising discovery of lubricating oil compositions which reduce silver bearing wear and friction in medium speed diesel engines.
- medium speed diesel engine crankcase lubricating oil composition refers to a lubricating oil additive composition for engine oils used in medium speed diesel engines as commonly found in railroad locomotives, marine tugboats, and stationary power applications.
- silver protection refers to the ability of the medium speed crankcase lubricating oil composition of the present invention to protect silver and silver- plated bearings against wear in medium speed diesel engine crankcase.
- a major amount of a base oil refers to where the amount of the base oil is at least 40 wt. % of the lubricating oil composition. In some embodiments, "a major amount" of a base oil refers to an amount of the base oil more than 50 wt.%, more than 60 wt.%, more than 70 wt.%, more than 80 wt.%, or more than 90 wt.% of the lubricating oil composition.
- a medium speed diesel engine crankcase lubricating oil composition comprising:
- Also provided is a method for reducing silver bearing wear and friction in a medium speed diesel engine by lubricating said engine with a lubricating oil composition comprising:
- the medium speed diesel engine is selected from the group comprising railroad locomotives, marine tugboats, and stationary power engines. In another embodiment, the medium speed diesel engine is a railroad locomotive engine. In another embodiment, the medium speed diesel engine is a marine tugboat engine. In another embodiment, the medium speed diesel engine is a stationary power engine.
- the medium speed diesel engine operates at 250 rpm to 1000 rpm. In one embodiment, the medium speed diesel engine crankcase lubricating oil composition reduces silver bearing wear and friction in medium speed diesel engines.
- the alkoxylated fatty amine is of Formula 1 ;
- Ri is a fatty acid chain ranging from C8 to C24;
- I3 ⁇ 4 is independently hydrogen or an alkyl chain from CI to C8; and wherein x and y independently are each at least 1 and x + y ⁇ 50.
- x and y independently are each at least 1 and x + y ⁇ 40. In other embodiments, x + y is ⁇ 30, ⁇ 20, ⁇ 10, and ⁇ 5.
- the alkoxylated fatty diamine is of Formula 2;
- R3 is an aliphatic fatty acid chain ranging from C8 to C24; each R4 is independently hydrogen or alkyl of CI to C8; and R5 is a divalent alkylene of CI to C8; wherein a + b + c independently are each at least 1 and a + b + c ⁇ 50.
- a and b independently are each at least 1 and a + b + c ⁇ 40. In other embodiments, a + b + c is ⁇ 30, ⁇ 20, ⁇ 10, and ⁇ 5.
- the alkoxylated fatty amine salt is of Formula 3;
- Ri is an aliphatic fatty acid chain ranging from C8 to C24;
- R2 is independently hydrogen or alkyl of CI to C8; wherein x and y independently are each at least 1 and x + y ⁇ 50; and wherein Z is an anion of an organic or an inorganic acid.
- x and y independently are each at least 1 and x + y ⁇ 40. In other embodiments, x + y is ⁇ 30, ⁇ 20, ⁇ 10, and ⁇ 5.
- Z is selected from the group comprising: phosphate, phosphite, dithiophosphate, sulfate, sulfonate, carbonate, and anions from carboxylic acids and fatty acids.
- the alkoxylated fatty diamine salt is of Formula 4.
- R3 is an aliphatic fatty acid chain ranging from C8 to C24; each R4 is independently hydrogen or alkyl of CI to C8; and R5 is a divalent alkylene of CI to C8; wherein a + b + c independently are each at least 1 and a + b + c ⁇ 50; and wherein Z is an anion of an organic or an inorganic acid.
- a and b independently are each at least 1 and a + b + c ⁇ 40. In other embodiments, a + b + c is ⁇ 30, ⁇ 20, ⁇ 10, and ⁇ 5.
- Z is selected from the group comprising: phosphate, phosphite, dithiophosphate, sulfate, sulfonate, carbonate, and anions from carboxylic acids and fatty acids.
- suitable alkoxylated fatty amines include propoxylated monoamine, butoxylated monoamine, alkoxylated alkyl diisopropanolamine, ethoxylated monoamines such as ethoxylated octadecylamine, ethoxylated cocoalkylamines, ethoxylated oleylamines, diethoxylated oleylamine, ethoxylated soyaalkylamines, and ethoxylated tallowalkylamines.
- ethoxylated monoamines such as ethoxylated octadecylamine, ethoxylated cocoalkylamines, ethoxylated oleylamines, diethoxylated oleylamine, ethoxylated soyaalkylamines, and ethoxylated tallowalkylamines.
- suitable alkoxylated fatty diamine include ethoxylated diamines such as tris(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-tallowalkyl-l,3-diamine propane (also known as ethoxylated N-tallow-1, 3-diaminopropane), and commonly known as Ethoduomeen T/13, Ethoduomeen T/20 and Ethoduomeen T/25.
- ethoxylated diamines such as tris(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-tallowalkyl-l,3-diamine propane (also known as ethoxylated N-tallow-1, 3-diaminopropane), and commonly known as Ethoduomeen T/13, Ethoduomeen T/20 and Ethoduomeen T/25.
- the silver lubricity additive is an organic or inorganic alkoxylated fatty amine or diamine salt selected from the group comprising: phosphate, phosphite, dithiophosphate, sulfate, sulfonate, carbonate, and anions from carboxylic acids and fatty acids.
- the alkoxylated fatty amine or diamine salt group is an alkyl acid phosphate group.
- the alkyl acid phosphate group is di-alkyl monohydrogen phosphate or mono-alky di-hydrogen phosphates according to formula 5 and 6 below:
- R7 and Rs are independently linear chain, branched chain alkyl or an alkylated aromatic group having from about 3 to about 40 carbon atoms .
- alkyl acid phosphate group is selected from the group comprising:
- the alkoxylated fatty salt is diethoxylated oleylammonium bis(2- ethylhexyl) phosphate.
- the alkoxylated fatty amine or alkoxylated fatty diamine amine contain a saturated or unsaturated C 12 -C24 alkyl radical which is branched or straight chain. In one embodiment, the saturated or unsaturated alkyl radical contains 14 to 20 carbon atoms. In one embodiment, the saturated or unsaturated alkyl radical contains 16 to 18 carbon atoms.
- the silver lubricity additive is present at 0.20 to 4 weight percent. In one embodiment, the silver lubricity additive is present at 0.20 to 3 weight percent. In one embodiment, the silver lubricity additive is present at 0.20 to 2 weight percent. In one embodiment, the silver lubricity additive is present at 0.20 to 1 weight percent.
- alkoxylated fatty amine, alkoxylated fatty diamine, or salt thereof is N-hydroxyalkyl substituted hydrocarbyl amine compound.
- the N- hydroxyalkyl substituted hydrocarbyl amine compound is an N-hydroxyalkyl substituted hydrocarbyl monoamine or diamine or salt thereof.
- N-hydroxyalkyl substituted hydrocarbyl monoamine or diamine or salt thereof is derived from lauric capric, caprylic caprylic/capric, decanoic, myristic, palmitic, stearic, isostearic,oleic, linoleic, octyidecanoic, 2-heptylundecanoic, and N-hydroxyalkyl substituted fatty monoamine or diamine or salt thereof derived from coconut oil, beef tallow, soy bean oil and palm kernel oilOf these, oleyl and those from beef tallow are preferred.
- N-hydroxyalkyl substituted hydrocarbyl monoamine or diamine are commercially available from Akzo Nobel.
- the N-hydroxyalkyl substituted hydrocarbyl monoamine or diamine or salt thereof is a diethoxylated or polyoxyethylene monoamine or diamine or salt thereof.
- suitable amine compounds include, diethoxylated cocoamine, diethoxylated tallow amine, diethoxylated soyamine, diethoxylated oleyl amine, polyoxyethylene cocoamine, polyoxyethylene tallow amine, polyoxyethylene soyamine, polyoxyethylene oleyl amine, etc.
- N-hydroxyalkyl substituted hydrocarbyl amine compound may be prepared by methods that are well known in the art.
- Alkyl alkanolamines may be prepared according to U.S. Patent No. 4,085, 126; U.S. Patent No. 7,479,473 and other methods that are well known in the art; or, they may be purchased from Akzo Nobel.
- the silver lubricity additive is a hydrocarbyl amine salt of the N- hydroxyalkyl substituted hydrocarbyl amine or diamine compound, wherein the salt group is an alkyl acid phosphate group.
- the alkyl acid phosphate can include di-alkyl monohydrogen phosphate and mono alky di-hydrogen phosphates having the formulas below:
- R7 and Rs are independently linear chain, branched chain alkyl or alkylated aromatic having from about 3 to about 40 carbon atoms .
- alkyl acid phosphates that may be employed to make the hydrocarbyl amine of the present invention are propyl di-hydrogen phosphates, di-propyl hydrogen phosphates, butyl di-hydrogen phosphates, butyl di-hydrogen phosphates, di-pentyl hydrogen phosphates, hexy di-hydrogen phosphates, di-hexyl hydrogen phosphates, heptyl di-hydrogen phosphates, di-hepty hydrogen phosphates, octyl di-hydrogen phosphates, di-octyl hydrogen phosphates, decyl di-hydrogen phosphate, di-decyl hydrogen phosphates, decyl di hydrogen phosphates, di-decyl hydrogen phosphate and the like.
- the hydrocarbyl amine salt is di-hexyl hydrogen phosphate.
- the lubricating oil soluble additive composition of the present invention may be advantageous to form concentrates of the lubricating oil soluble additive composition of the present invention within a carrier liquid.
- These additive concentrates provide a convenient method of handling, transporting, and ultimately blending into lubricant base oils to provide a finished lubricant.
- the lubricating oil soluble additive concentrates of the invention are not useable or suitable as finished lubricants on their own. Rather, the lubricating oil soluble additive concentrates are blended with lubricant base oil stocks to provide a finished lubricant.
- the carrier liquid readily solubilizes the lubricating oil soluble additive of the invention and provides an oil additive concentrate that is readily soluble in the lubricant base oil stocks.
- the carrier liquid not introduce any undesirable characteristics, including, for example, high volatility, high viscosity, and impurities such as heteroatoms, to the lubricant base oil stocks and thus, ultimately to the finished lubricant.
- the present invention therefore further provides an oil soluble additive concentrate composition comprising an inert carrier fluid and from 2.0 % to 90% by weight, based on the total concentrate, of an oil soluble additive composition according to the invention.
- the inert carrier fluid may be a lubricating oil.
- concentrates usually contain from about 2.0% to about 90% by weight, preferably 10% to 50% by weight of the oil soluble additive composition of this invention and may contain, in addition, one or more other additives known in the art and described below.
- the remainder of the concentrate is the substantially inert carrier liquid.
- the lubricating oil compositions disclosed herein generally comprise at least one oil of lubricating viscosity.
- Any base oil known to a skilled artisan can be used as the oil of lubricating viscosity disclosed herein.
- Some base oils suitable for preparing the lubricating oil compositions have been described in Mortier et al., "Chemistry and Technology of Lubricants,” 2nd Edition, London, Springer, Chapters 1 and 2 (1996); and A. Sequeria, Jr., “Lubricant Base Oil and Wax Processing,” New York, Marcel Decker, Chapter 6, (1994); and D. V. Brock, Lubrication Engineering, Vol. 43, pages 184-5, (1987), all of which are incorporated herein by reference.
- the amount of the base oil in the lubricating oil composition may be from about 70 to about 99.5 wt.%, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition. In some embodiments, the amount of the base oil in the lubricating oil composition is from about 75 to about 99 wt.%, from about 80 to about 98.5 wt.%, or from about 80 to about 98 wt.%, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition.
- the base oil is or comprises any natural or synthetic lubricating base oil fraction.
- synthetic oils include oils, such as polyalphaolefins or PAOs, prepared from the polymerization of at least one alpha-olefin, such as ethylene, or from hydrocarbon synthesis procedures using carbon monoxide and hydrogen gases, such as the Fisher-Tropsch process.
- the base oil comprises less than about 10 wt.% of one or more heavy fractions, based on the total weight of the base oil.
- a heavy fraction refers to a lube oil fraction having a viscosity of at least about 20 cSt at 100 °C.
- the heavy fraction has a viscosity of at least about 25 cSt or at least about 30 cSt at 100 °C.
- the amount of the one or more heavy fractions in the base oil is less than about 10 wt.%, less than about 5 wt.%, less than about 2.5 wt.%, less than about 1 wt.%, or less than about 0.1 wt.%, based on the total weight of the base oil.
- the base oil comprises no heavy fraction.
- the lubricating oil compositions comprise a major amount of a base oil of lubricating viscosity.
- the base oil has a kinematic viscosity at 100 °C from about 2.5 centistokes (cSt) to about 20 cSt, from about 5 centistokes (cSt) to about 20 cSt, from about 7 cSt to about 16 cSt, or from about 9 cSt to about 15 cSt.
- the kinematic viscosity of the base oils or the lubricating oil compositions disclosed herein can be measured according to ASTM D 445, which is incorporated herein by reference.
- the base oil is or comprises a base stock or blend of base stocks.
- the base stocks are manufactured using a variety of different processes including, but not limited to, distillation, solvent refining, hydrogen processing, oligomerization, esterification, and rerefining.
- the base stocks comprise a rerefined stock.
- the rerefined stock shall be substantially free from materials introduced through manufacturing, contamination, or previous use.
- the base oil comprises one or more of the base stocks in one or more of Groups I-V as specified in the American Petroleum Institute (API) Publication 1509, Fourteen Edition, December 1996 (i.e., API Base Oil Interchangeability Guidelines for
- the API guideline defines a base stock as a lubricant component that may be manufactured using a variety of different processes.
- Groups I, II and III base stocks are mineral oils, each with specific ranges of the amount of saturates, sulfur content and viscosity index.
- Group IV base stocks are polyalphaolefins (PAO).
- Group V base stocks include all other base stocks not included in Group I, II, III, or IV.
- the base oil comprises one or more of the base stocks in Group I, II, III, rv, V or a combination thereof. In other embodiments, the base oil comprises one or more of the base stocks in Group II, III, IV or a combination thereof. In further embodiments, the base oil comprises one or more of the base stocks in Group II, III, IV or a combination thereof. In further embodiments, the base oil comprises one or more of the base stocks in Group II, III, IV or a combination thereof.
- the base oil comprises one or more of the base stocks in Group II, III, IV or a combination thereof wherein the base oil has a kinematic viscosity from about 5 centistokes (cSt) to about 20 cSt, from about 7 cSt to about 16 cSt, or from about 9 cSt to about 15 cSt at 100 °C.
- cSt centistokes
- the base oil may be selected from the group consisting of natural oils of lubricating viscosity, synthetic oils of lubricating viscosity and mixtures thereof.
- the base oil includes base stocks obtained by isomerization of synthetic wax and slack wax, as well as hydrocrackate base stocks produced by hydrocracking (rather than solvent extracting) the aromatic and polar components of the crude.
- the base oil of lubricating viscosity includes natural oils, such as animal oils, vegetable oils, mineral oils, oils derived from coal or shale, and combinations thereof.
- animal oils include bone oil, lanolin, fish oil, lard oil, dolphin oil, seal oil, shark oil, tallow oil, and whale oil.
- Some non-limiting examples of vegetable oils include castor oil, olive oil, peanut oil, rapeseed oil, corn oil, sesame oil, cottonseed oil, soybean oil, sunflower oil, safflower oil, hemp oil, linseed oil, tung oil, oiticica oil, jojoba oil, and meadow foam oil. Such oils may be partially or fully hydrogenated.
- Some non-limiting examples of mineral oils include Groups I, II, and III base stocks, liquid petroleum oils and solvent treated or acid- treated mineral oils of the paraffinic, naphthenic or mixed paraffinic-naphthenic types. In some embodiments, the mineral oils are neat or low viscosity mineral oils.
- the synthetic oils of lubricating viscosity include hydrocarbon oils and halo-substituted hydrocarbon oils such as polymerized and inter-polymerized olefins, alkylbenzenes, polyphenyls, alkylated diphenyl ethers, alkylated diphenyl sulfides, as well as their derivatives, analogues and homologues thereof, and the like.
- the synthetic oils include alkylene oxide polymers, interpolymers, copolymers and derivatives thereof wherein the terminal hydroxyl groups can be modified by esterification,
- the synthetic oils include the esters of dicarboxylic acids with a variety of alcohols. In certain embodiments, the synthetic oils include esters made from C5 to C12 monocarboxylic acids and polyols and polyol ethers. In further embodiments, the synthetic oils include tri-alkyl phosphate ester oils, such as tri-n-butyl phosphate and tri-iso-butyl phosphate.
- the synthetic oils of lubricating viscosity include silicon-based oils (such as the polyalkyl-, polyaryl-, polyalkoxy-, polyaryloxy-siloxane oils and silicate oils).
- the synthetic oils include liquid esters of phosphorus -containing acids, polymeric tetrahydrofurans, polyalphaolefins, and the like.
- Base oil derived from the hydroisomerization of wax may also be used, either alone or in combination with the aforesaid natural and/or synthetic base oil.
- Such wax isomerate oil is produced by the hydroisomerization of natural or synthetic waxes or mixtures thereof over a hydroisomerization catalyst.
- the base oil comprises a poly-alpha-olefin (PAO).
- PAO poly-alpha-olefin
- the poly-alpha-olefins may be derived from an alpha-olefin having from about 2 to about 30, from about 4 to about 20, or from about 6 to about 16 carbon atoms.
- suitable poly-alpha-olefins include those derived from octene, decene, mixtures thereof, and the like.
- These poly-alpha-olefins may have a viscosity from about 2 to about 15, from about 3 to about 12, or from about 4 to about 8 centistokes at 100 °C.
- the poly-alpha-olefins may be used together with other base oils such as mineral oils.
- the base oil comprises a polyalkylene glycol or a
- polyalkylene glycol derivative where the terminal hydroxyl groups of the polyalkylene glycol may be modified by esterification, etherification, acetylation and the like.
- suitable polyalkylene glycols include polyethylene glycol,
- polypropylene glycol polyisopropylene glycol, and combinations thereof.
- suitable polyalkylene glycol derivatives include ethers of polyalkylene glycols (e.g., methyl ether of polyisopropylene glycol, diphenyl ether of polyethylene glycol, diethyl ether of polypropylene glycol, etc.), mono- and polycarboxylic esters of polyalkylene glycols, and combinations thereof.
- the polyalkylene glycol or polyalkylene glycol derivative may be used together with other base oils such as poly-alpha-olefins and mineral oils.
- the base oil comprises any of the esters of dicarboxylic acids
- phthalic acid e.g., phthalic acid, succinic acid, alkyl succinic acids, alkenyl succinic acids, maleic acid, azelaic acid, suberic acid, sebacic acid, fumaric acid, adipic acid, linoleic acid dimer, malonic acid, alkyl malonic acids, alkenyl malonic acids, and the like
- alcohols e.g., butyl alcohol, hexyl alcohol, dodecyl alcohol, 2-ethylhexyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol monoether, propylene glycol, and the like.
- Non-limiting examples of these esters include dibutyl adipate, di(2-ethylhexyl) sebacate, di-n-hexyl fumarate, dioctyl sebacate, diisooctyl azelate, diisodecyl azelate, dioctyl phthalate, didecyl phthalate, dieicosyl sebacate, the 2-ethylhexyl diester of linoleic acid dimer, and the like.
- the base oil comprises a hydrocarbon prepared by the Fischer-Tropsch process.
- the Fischer-Tropsch process prepares hydrocarbons from gases containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide using a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst. These hydrocarbons may require further processing in order to be useful as base oils.
- the hydrocarbons may be dewaxed, hydroisomerized, and/or hydrocracked using processes known to a person of ordinary skill in the art.
- the base oil comprises an unrefined oil, a refined oil, a rerefined oil, or a mixture thereof.
- Unrefined oils are those obtained directly from a natural or synthetic source without further purification treatment.
- Non-limiting examples of unrefined oils include shale oils obtained directly from retorting operations, petroleum oils obtained directly from primary distillation, and ester oils obtained directly from an esterification process and used without further treatment.
- Refined oils are similar to the unrefined oils except the former have been further treated by one or more purification processes to improve one or more properties. Many such purification processes are known to those skilled in the art such as solvent extraction, secondary distillation, acid or base extraction, filtration, percolation, and the like.
- Rerefined oils are obtained by applying to refined oils processes similar to those used to obtain refined oils.
- Such rerefined oils are also known as reclaimed or reprocessed oils and often are additionally treated by processes directed to removal of spent additives and oil breakdown products.
- the lubricating oil composition of the present invention may further comprise at least an additive or a modifier (hereinafter designated as "additive") that can impart or improve any desirable property of the lubricating oil composition.
- additive any additive known to a person of ordinary skill in the art may be used in the lubricating oil compositions disclosed herein. Some suitable additives have been described in Mortier et ah, “Chemistry and Technology of Lubricants,” 2nd Edition, London, Springer, (1996); and Leslie R.
- the additive can be selected from the group consisting of antioxidants, antiwear agents, detergents, rust inhibitors, demulsifiers, friction modifiers, multi-functional additives, viscosity index improvers, pour point depressants, foam inhibitors, metal deactivators, dispersants, corrosion inhibitors, lubricity improvers, thermal stability improvers, anti-haze additives, icing inhibitors, dyes, markers, static dissipaters, biocides and combinations thereof.
- a variety of the additives are known and commercially available. These additives, or their analogous compounds, may be employed for the preparation of the lubricating oil compositions of the invention by the usual blending procedures.
- antioxidants include, but are not limited to, aminic types, e.g., diphenylamine, phenyl-alpha-napthyl-amine, N,N-di(alkylphenyl) amines; and alkylated phenylene-diamines; phenolics such as, for example, BHT, sterically hindered alkyl phenols such as 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-(2-octyl-3- propanoic) phenol; and mixtures thereof.
- antiwear agents include, but are not limited to, zinc
- dialkyldithiophosphates and zinc diaryldithiophosphates e.g., those described in an article by Born et al. entitled “Relationship between Chemical Structure and Effectiveness of some Metallic Dialkyl- and Diaryl-dithiophosphates in Different Lubricated Mechanisms", appearing in Lubrication Science 4-2 January 1992, see for example pages 97-100; aryl phosphates and phosphites, sulfur-containing esters, phosphosulfur compounds, metal or ash- free dithiocarbamates, xanthates, alkyl sulfides and the like and mixtures thereof.
- ashless dispersants include, but are not limited to, amines, alcohols, amides, or ester polar moieties attached to a polymer backbone via bridging groups.
- An ashless dispersant of the present invention may be, for example, selected from oil soluble salts, esters, amino-esters, amides, imides, and oxazolines of long chain hydrocarbon substituted mono and dicarboxylic acids or their anhydrides; thiocarboxylate derivatives of long chain hydrocarbons, long chain aliphatic hydrocarbons having a polyamine attached directly thereto; and Mannich condensation products formed by condensing a long chain substituted phenol with formaldehyde and polyalkylene polyamine.
- Carboxylic dispersants are reaction products of carboxylic acylating agents (acids, anhydrides, esters, etc.) comprising at least about 34 and preferably at least about 54 carbon atoms with nitrogen containing compounds (such as amines), organic hydroxy compounds (such as aliphatic compounds including monohydric and polyhydric alcohols, or aromatic compounds including phenols and naphthols), and/or basic inorganic materials.
- carboxylic acylating agents as acids, anhydrides, esters, etc.
- nitrogen containing compounds such as amines
- organic hydroxy compounds such as aliphatic compounds including monohydric and polyhydric alcohols, or aromatic compounds including phenols and naphthols
- basic inorganic materials include imides, amides, esters, and salts.
- Succinimide dispersants are a type of carboxylic dispersant. They are produced by reacting hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic acylating agent with organic hydroxy compounds, or with amines comprising at least one hydrogen atom attached to a nitrogen atom, or with a mixture of the hydroxy compounds and amines.
- succinic acylating agent refers to a hydrocarbon-substituted succinic acid or a succinic acid-producing compound, the latter encompasses the acid itself.
- Such materials typically include hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic acids, anhydrides, esters (including half esters) and halides.
- Succinic -based dispersants have a wide variety of chemical structures.
- One class of succinic-based dispersants may be represented by Formula 7: Formula 7
- each R9 is independently a hydrocarbyl group, such as a polyolefin-derived group.
- the hydrocarbyl group is an alkenyl group, such as a polyisobutenyl group.
- the R 9 groups can contain about 40 to about 500 carbon atoms, and these atoms may be present in aliphatic forms.
- Rio is an alkylene group, commonly an ethylene (C 2 H 4 ) group; and p is 1 to 11.
- succinimide dispersants include those described in, for example, U.S. Patent Nos. 3, 172,892, 4,234,435 and 6,165,235.
- the polyalkenes from which the substituent groups are derived are typically homopolymers and interpolymers of polymerizable olefin monomers of 2 to about 16 carbon atoms, and usually 2 to 6 carbon atoms.
- the amines which are reacted with the succinic acylating agents to form the carboxylic dispersant composition can be monoamines or polyamines.
- Succinimide dispersants are referred to as such since they normally contain nitrogen largely in the form of imide functionality, although the nitrogen functionality may be in the form of amines, amine salts, amides, imidazolines as well as mixtures thereof.
- a succinimide dispersant one or more succinic acid-producing compounds and one or more amines are heated and typically water is removed, optionally in the presence of a substantially inert organic liquid solvent/diluent.
- the reaction temperature can range from about 80°C up to the decomposition temperature of the mixture or the product, which typically falls between about 100°C to about 300°C. Additional details and examples of procedures for preparing the succinimide dispersants of the present invention include those described in, for example, U.S. Patent Nos. 3, 172,892, 3,219,666, 3,272,746, 4,234,435, 6, 165,235 and 6,440,905.
- Suitable ashless dispersants may also include amine dispersants, which are reaction products of relatively high molecular weight aliphatic halides and amines, preferably polyalkylene polyamines.
- amine dispersants include those described in, for example, U.S. Patent Nos. 3,275,554, 3,438,757, 3,454,555 and 3,565,804.
- Suitable ashless dispersants may further include "Mannich dispersants," which are reaction products of alkyl phenols in which the alkyl group contains at least about 30 carbon atoms with aldehydes (especially formaldehyde) and amines (especially polyalkylene polyamines). Examples of such dispersants include those described in, for example, U.S. Patent Nos. 3,036,003, 3,586,629. 3,591,598 and 3,980,569.
- Suitable ashless dispersants may also be post-treated ashless dispersants such as post-treated succinimides, e.g., post-treatment processes involving borate or ethylene carbonate as disclosed in, for example, U.S. Patent Nos. 4,612, 132 and 4,746,446; and the like as well as other post-treatment processes.
- the carbonate-treated alkenyl succinimide is a polybutene succinimide derived from polybutenes having a molecular weight of about 450 to about 3000, preferably from about 900 to about 2500, more preferably from about 1300 to about 2400, and most preferably from about 2000 to about 2400, as well as mixtures of these molecular weights.
- An ashless dispersant can be prepared by reacting, under reactive conditions, a mixture of a polybutene succinic acid derivative, an unsaturated acidic reagent copolymer of an unsaturated acidic reagent and an olefin, and a polyamine, such as disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,716,912, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
- Suitable ashless dispersants may also be polymeric, which are interpolymers of oil- solubilizing monomers such as decyl methacrylate, vinyl decyl ether and high molecular weight olefins with monomers containing polar substitutes.
- polymeric dispersants include those described in, for example, U.S. Patent Nos. 3,329,658; 3,449,250 and 3,666,730.
- the one or more ashless dispersants are present in the lubricating oil composition in an amount ranging from about 0.01 wt. % to about 10 wt. %, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition.
- metal detergents include sulfonates, alkylphenates, sulfurized alkyl phenates, carboxylates, salicylates, phosphonates, and phosphinates.
- Overbased metal detergents are generally produced by carbonating a mixture of hydrocarbons, detergent acid, for example: sulfonic acid, alkylphenol, carboxylate etc., metal oxide or hydroxides (for example calcium oxide or calcium hydroxide) and promoters such as xylene, methanol and water.
- detergent acid for example: sulfonic acid, alkylphenol, carboxylate etc.
- metal oxide or hydroxides for example calcium oxide or calcium hydroxide
- promoters such as xylene, methanol and water.
- the calcium oxide or hydroxide reacts with the gaseous carbon dioxide to form calcium carbonate.
- the sulfonic acid is neutralized with an excess of CaO or Ca(OH)2, to form the sulfonate.
- a borated sulfonate for use herein can be any borated sulfonate known in the art.
- a borated sulfonate for use herein can have a total base number (TBN) of from about 10 to about 500.
- TBN total base number
- a borated sulfonate has a TBN is from about 10 to about 100.
- a borated sulfonate has a TBN is from about 100 to about 250.
- a borated sulfonate has a TBN of from about 250 to about 500.
- the borated alkaline earth metal sulfonates can be prepared by methods known in the art, e.g., as disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 20070123437, the contents of which are incorporated by reference herein.
- the borated alkaline earth metal sulfonate is prepared in the following manner: (a) reacting (i) at least one of an oil soluble sulfonic acid or alkaline earth sulfonate salt or mixtures thereof; (ii) at least one source of an alkaline earth metal; and (iii) at least one source of boron, in the presence of (iv) at least one hydrocarbon solvent; and (v) from 0 to less than 10 mole percent, relative to the source of boron, of an overbasing acid, other than the source of boron; and (b) heating the reaction product of (a) to a temperature above the distillation temperature of (iv) to distill (iv) and water of reaction.
- Metal-containing or ash-forming detergents function as both detergents to reduce or remove deposits and as acid neutralizers or rust inhibitors, thereby reducing wear and corrosion and extending engine life.
- Detergents generally comprise a polar head with a long hydrophobic tail.
- the polar head comprises a metal salt of an acidic organic compound.
- the salts may contain a substantially stoichiometric amount of the metal in which case they are usually described as normal or neutral salts, and would typically have a total base number or TBN (as can be measured by ASTM D2896) of from 0 to about 80.
- TBN total base number
- a large amount of a metal base may be incorporated by reacting excess metal compound (e.g., an oxide or hydroxide) with an acidic gas (e.g., carbon dioxide).
- the resulting overbased detergent comprises neutralized detergent as the outer layer of a metal base (e.g., carbonate) micelle.
- a metal base e.g., carbonate
- Such overbased detergents may have a TBN of about 150 or greater, and typically will have a TBN of from about 250 to about 450 or more.
- Detergents that may be used include oil-soluble neutral and overbased sulfonates, phenates, sulfurized phenates, thiophosphonates, salicylates, and naphthenates and other oil- soluble carboxylates of a metal, particularly the alkali or alkaline earth metals, e.g., barium, sodium, potassium, lithium, calcium, and magnesium.
- the most commonly used metals are calcium and magnesium, which may both be present in detergents used in a lubricant, and mixtures of calcium and/or magnesium with sodium.
- Particularly convenient metal detergents are neutral and overbased calcium sulfonates having TBN of from about 20 to about 450, neutral and overbased calcium phenates and sulfurized phenates having TBN of from about 50 to about 450 and neutral and overbased magnesium or calcium salicylates having a TBN of from about 20 to about 450.
- Combinations of detergents, whether overbased or neutral or both, may be used.
- the detergent can be one or more alkali or alkaline earth metal salts of an alkyl-substituted hydroxyaromatic carboxylic acid.
- Suitable hydroxyaromatic compounds include mononuclear monohydroxy and polyhydroxy aromatic hydrocarbons having 1 to 4, and preferably 1 to 3, hydroxyl groups.
- Suitable hydroxyaromatic compounds include phenol, catechol, resorcinol, hydroquinone, pyrogallol, cresol, and the like.
- the preferred hydroxyaromatic compound is phenol.
- the alkyl substituted moiety of the alkali or alkaline earth metal salt of an alkyl- substituted hydroxyaromatic carboxylic acid is derived from an alpha olefin having from about 10 to about 80 carbon atoms.
- the olefins employed may be linear or branched.
- the olefin may be a mixture of linear olefins, a mixture of isomerized linear olefins, a mixture of branched olefins, a mixture of partially branched linear or a mixture of any of the foregoing.
- the mixture of linear olefins that may be used is a mixture of normal alpha olefins selected from olefins having from about 12 to about 30 carbon atoms per molecule.
- the normal alpha olefins are isomerized using at least one of a solid or liquid catalyst.
- the olefins are a branched olefinic propylene oligomer or mixture thereof having from about 20 to about 80 carbon atoms, i.e., branched chain olefins derived from the polymerization of propylene.
- the olefins may also be substituted with other functional groups, such as hydroxy groups, carboxylic acid groups, heteroatoms, and the like.
- the branched olefinic propylene oligomer or mixtures thereof have from about 20 to about 60 carbon atoms.
- the branched olefinic propylene oligomer or mixtures thereof have from about 20 to about 40 carbon atoms.
- hydroxyaromatic carboxylic acid is an alkali or alkaline earth metal salt of an alkyl- substituted hydroxybenzoic acid that is derived from an alkyl-substituted hydroxybenzoic acid in which the alkyl groups are the residue of normal alpha-olefins containing at least 75 mole% C2 0 or higher normal alpha-olefins.
- At least about 50 mole % (e.g., at least about 60 mole %, at least about 70 mole %, at least about 80 mole %, at least about 85 mole %, at least about 90 mole %, at least about 95 mole %, or at least about 99 mole %) of the alkyl groups contained within the alkali or alkaline earth metal salt of an alkyl-substituted hydroxyaromatic carboxylic acid such as the alkyl groups of an alkali or alkaline earth metal salt of an alkyl- substituted hydroxybenzoic acid are about C 4 to about Cis.
- hydroxyaromatic carboxylic acid will be a mixture of ortho and para isomers.
- the product will contain about 1 to 99% ortho isomer and 99 to 1% para isomer.
- the product will contain about 5 to 70% ortho and 95 to 30% para isomer.
- the alkali or alkaline earth metal salts of an alkyl-substituted hydroxyaromatic carboxylic acid can be neutral or overbased.
- an overbased alkali or alkaline earth metal salt of an alkyl-substituted hydroxyaromatic carboxylic acid is one in which the TBN of the alkali or alkaline earth metal salts of an alkyl-substituted hydroxyaromatic carboxylic acid has been increased by a process such as the addition of a base source (e.g., lime) and an acidic overbasing compound (e.g., carbon dioxide).
- a base source e.g., lime
- an acidic overbasing compound e.g., carbon dioxide
- Overbased salts may be low overbased, e.g., an overbased salt having a TBN below about 100.
- the TBN of a low overbased salt may be from about 5 to about 50.
- the TBN of a low overbased salt may be from about 10 to about 30.
- the TBN of a low overbased salt may be from about 15 to about 20.
- Overbased detergents may be medium overbased, e.g., an overbased salt having a
- TBN from about 100 to about 250.
- the TBN of a medium overbased salt may be from about 100 to about 200.
- the TBN of a medium overbased salt may be from about 125 to about 175.
- Overbased detergents may be high overbased, e.g., an overbased salt having a TBN above about 250.
- the TBN of a high overbased salt may be from about 250 to about 450.
- Sulfonates may be prepared from sulfonic acids which are typically obtained by the sulfonation of alkyl substituted aromatic hydrocarbons such as those obtained from the fractionation of petroleum or by the alkylation of aromatic hydrocarbons. Examples included those obtained by alkylating benzene, toluene, xylene, naphthalene, diphenyl or their halogen derivatives.
- the alkylation may be carried out in the presence of a catalyst with alkylating agents having from about 3 to more than 70 carbon atoms.
- the alkaryl sulfonates usually contain from about 9 to about 80 or more carbon atoms, preferably from about 16 to about 60 carbon atoms per alkyl substituted aromatic moiety.
- the oil soluble sulfonates or alkaryl sulfonic acids may be neutralized with oxides, hydroxides, alkoxides, carbonates, carboxylate, sulfides, hydrosulfides, nitrates and borates.
- the amount of metal compound is chosen having regard to the desired TBN of the final product but typically ranges from about 100 to about 220 wt. % (preferably at least about 125 wt. %) of that stoichiometrically required.
- Metal salts of phenols and sulfurized phenols are prepared by reaction with an appropriate metal compound such as an oxide or hydroxide and neutral or overbased products may be obtained by methods well known in the art.
- Sulfurized phenols may be prepared by reacting a phenol with sulfur or a sulfur containing compound such as hydrogen sulfide, sulfur monohalide or sulfur dihalide, to form products which are generally mixtures of compounds in which 2 or more phenols are bridged by sulfur containing bridges.
- the one or more detergents are present in the lubricating oil composition in an amount ranging from about 0.01 wt. % to about 10 wt. %, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition.
- rust inhibitors include, but are not limited to, nonionic polyoxyalkylene agents, e.g., polyoxyethylene lauryl ether, polyoxyethylene higher alcohol ether,
- polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether polyoxyethylene octylphenyl ether, polyoxyethylene octyl stearyl ether, polyoxyethylene oleyl ether, polyoxyethylene sorbitol monostearate, polyoxyethylene sorbitol monooleate, and polyethylene glycol monooleate; stearic acid and other fatty acids; dicarboxylic acids; metal soaps; fatty acid amine salts; metal salts of heavy sulfonic acid; partial carboxylic acid ester of polyhydric alcohol; phosphoric esters; (short- chain) alkenyl succinic acids; partial esters thereof and nitrogen-containing derivatives thereof; synthetic alkarylsulfonates, e.g., metal dinonylnaphthalene sulfonates; and the like and mixtures thereof.
- friction modifiers include, but are not limited to, alkoxylated fatty amines; borated fatty epoxides; fatty phosphites, fatty epoxides, fatty amines, borated alkoxylated fatty amines, metal salts of fatty acids, fatty acid amides, glycerol esters, borated glycerol esters; and fatty imidazolines as disclosed in U.S. Patent No.
- friction modifiers obtained from a reaction product of a C 4 to C75, preferably a Ce to C24, and most preferably a Ce to C20, fatty acid ester and a nitrogen-containing compound selected from the group consisting of ammonia, and an alkanolamine and the like and mixtures thereof.
- antifoaming agents include, but are not limited to, polymers of alkyl methacrylate; polymers of dimethyls ilicone and the like and mixtures thereof.
- pour point depressant examples include, but are not limited to,
- a pour point depressant comprises an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, a condensate of chlorinated paraffin and phenol, polyalkyl styrene and the like and combinations thereof.
- the amount of the pour point depressant may vary from about 0.01 wt. % to about 10 wt. %.
- demulsifier examples include, but are not limited to, anionic surfactants (e.g., alkyl-naphthalene sulfonates, alkyl benzene sulfonates and the like), nonionic alkoxylated alkylphenol resins, polymers of alkylene oxides (e.g., polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, block copolymers of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and the like), esters of oil soluble acids, polyoxyethylene sorbitan ester and the like and combinations thereof.
- the amount of the demulsifier may vary from about 0.01 wt. % to about 10 wt. %.
- Examples of a corrosion inhibitor include, but are not limited to, half esters or amides of dodecylsuccinic acid, phosphate esters, thiophosphates, alkyl imidazolines, sarcosines and the like and combinations thereof.
- the amount of the corrosion inhibitor may vary from about 0.01 wt. % to about 5 wt. %.
- an extreme pressure agent examples include, but are not limited to, sulfurized animal or vegetable fats or oils, sulfurized animal or vegetable fatty acid esters, fully or partially esterified esters of trivalent or pentavalent acids of phosphorus, sulfurized olefins, dihydrocarbyl polysulfides, sulfurized Diels-Alder adducts, sulfurized dicyclopentadiene, sulfurized or co-sulfurized mixtures of fatty acid esters and monounsaturated olefins, co- sulfurized blends of fatty acid, fatty acid ester and alpha-olefin, functionally-substituted dihydrocarbyl polysulfides, thia-aldehydes, thia-ketones, epithio compounds, sulfur- containing acetal derivatives, co-sulfurized blends of terpene and acyclic olefins, and polysulfide olefin products, amine salts of
- each of the foregoing additives when used, is used at a functionally effective amount to impart the desired properties to the lubricant.
- a functionally effective amount of this friction modifier would be an amount sufficient to impart the desired friction modifying characteristics to the lubricant.
- the concentration of each of these additives, when used may range, unless otherwise specified, from about 0.001 wt.% to about 10 wt.%, in one embodiment from about 0.005 wt.% to about 5 wt.%, or in one embodiment from about 0.1 wt.% to about 2.5 wt.%, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition.
- the total amount of the additives in the lubricating oil composition may range from about 0.001 wt.% to about 20 wt.%, from about 0.01 wt.% to about 10 wt.%, or from about 0.1 wt.% to about 5 wt.%, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition.
- the final application of the lubricating oil compositions of the present invention may be, for example, in railroads engines and the like, marine cylinder lubricants in crosshead diesel engines, crankcase lubricants, in automobiles, lubricants for heavy machinery such as steel mills and the like, or as greases for bearings and the like.
- Whether the lubricating oil composition is fluid or solid will ordinarily depend on whether a thickening agent is present.
- Typical thickening agents include polyurea acetates, lithium stearate and the like.
- the lubricating oil compositions of the present invention may be provided as an additive package or concentrate in which the additive is incorporated into a substantially inert, normally liquid organic diluent such as, for example, mineral oil, naphtha, benzene, toluene or xylene to form an additive concentrate.
- a substantially inert, normally liquid organic diluent such as, for example, mineral oil, naphtha, benzene, toluene or xylene to form an additive concentrate.
- These concentrates usually contain from about 20% to about 80% by weight of such diluent.
- a neutral oil having a viscosity of about 4 to about 8.5 cSt at 100°C and preferably about 4 to about 6 cSt at 100°C will be used as the diluent, though synthetic oils, as well as other organic liquids which are compatible with the additives and finished lubricating oil can also be used.
- the additive package will also typically contain one or more of the various other additives, referred to above, in the desired amounts and ratios to facilitate direct combination with the requisite amount of base oil.
- Lubricating oil composition formulations were prepared as described in Table 2 below for evaluating the silver lubricity additive composition of the present invention using the Silver Wear and Friction Test.
- Dispersant A 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
- Dispersant B 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50
- Antioxidant A 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10
- Antioxidant B 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10
- Ethomeen is 0/12 is diethoxylatedoleyl amine.
- Ethuduomeen T/13 is tris(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-tallowalkyl- 1,3 -diamine propane.
- Salt of ethoxylated amine is diethoxylated oleylammonium bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate.
- the lubricating oil additives of Comparative Example A and Examples 1 to 3 were evaluated using the Amoco modified Silver Disc Wear and Friction Test.
- Four formulations were tested in what is known to those skilled in the art as the Amoco modified Silver Disc Wear and Friction Test.
- This wear test procedure is a laboratory test for determining the anti- wear properties of lubricant oil.
- the test machine comprises a system wherein a one-half inch diameter 52100 steel ball is placed in assembly with three one-quarter inch silver discs of like size and of a quality identical to that employed in the plating of the silver pin insert bearing or railway diesel engines manufactured by the Electromotive Division (EMD) of General Motors, Inc.
- EMD Electromotive Division
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US14/057,767 US20150111801A1 (en) | 2013-10-18 | 2013-10-18 | Lubricating oil composition for protection of silver bearings in medium speed diesel engines |
PCT/US2014/050519 WO2015057293A1 (en) | 2013-10-18 | 2014-08-11 | Lubricating oil composition for protection of silver bearings in medium speed diesel engines |
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---|---|---|---|
EP14854335.8A Withdrawn EP3058052A4 (de) | 2013-10-18 | 2014-08-11 | Schmierölzusammensetzung zum schutz von lagern aus silber in mittelschnell laufenden dieselmotoren |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20150111801A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP3058052A4 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2016537454A (de) |
KR (1) | KR20160074557A (de) |
CN (1) | CN105637072A (de) |
CA (1) | CA2922608A1 (de) |
SG (1) | SG11201602688XA (de) |
WO (1) | WO2015057293A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102017123614A1 (de) * | 2017-10-11 | 2019-04-11 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Schmierstoffzusammensetzung, Verwendung zur Schmierung eines Getriebes sowie Getriebe |
Family Cites Families (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4557845A (en) * | 1983-12-14 | 1985-12-10 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Alkoxylated amine-phosphite reaction product and lubricant and fuel containing same |
US4778610A (en) * | 1985-12-27 | 1988-10-18 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Acid phosphites as multifunctional additives and compositions thereof |
US4948523A (en) * | 1987-09-30 | 1990-08-14 | Amoco Corporation | Chlorine-free silver protective lubricant composition (I) |
US5174915A (en) * | 1987-09-30 | 1992-12-29 | Ethyl Petroleum Additives, Inc. | Medium speed diesel engine lubricating oils |
US5286394A (en) * | 1989-06-27 | 1994-02-15 | Ethyl Corporation | Fuel economy and oxidation inhibition in lubricant compositions for internal combustion engines |
CA2132523C (en) * | 1992-04-15 | 1999-08-03 | Ricardo Alfredo Bloch | Lubricant compositions containing alkoxylated amine and sulfurized hydrocarbyl phenol friction modifiers |
US5906969A (en) * | 1998-05-01 | 1999-05-25 | Exxon Research And Engineering Company | High fuel economy passenger car engine oil |
GB0011931D0 (en) * | 2000-05-17 | 2000-07-05 | Exxonmobil Res & Eng Co | Friction modifier additive combination |
US7754663B2 (en) * | 2004-12-21 | 2010-07-13 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Premium wear-resistant lubricant containing non-ionic ashless anti-wear additives |
US8084404B2 (en) * | 2005-07-20 | 2011-12-27 | Chevron Oronite Company Llc | Crankcase lubricating oil composition for protection of silver bearings in locomotive diesel engines |
JP5337019B2 (ja) * | 2006-04-12 | 2013-11-06 | ザ ルブリゾル コーポレイション | オートマチックトランスミッション流体のための摩擦調整剤としてのヒドロキシ含有第三級アミン |
CN101311253B (zh) * | 2007-05-24 | 2011-04-20 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 以合成油为基础油的自动传动液组合物 |
US8343901B2 (en) * | 2010-10-12 | 2013-01-01 | Chevron Oronite Company Llc | Lubricating composition containing multifunctional hydroxylated amine salt of a hindered phenolic acid |
-
2013
- 2013-10-18 US US14/057,767 patent/US20150111801A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2014
- 2014-08-11 SG SG11201602688XA patent/SG11201602688XA/en unknown
- 2014-08-11 WO PCT/US2014/050519 patent/WO2015057293A1/en active Application Filing
- 2014-08-11 JP JP2016523985A patent/JP2016537454A/ja active Pending
- 2014-08-11 CA CA2922608A patent/CA2922608A1/en active Pending
- 2014-08-11 KR KR1020167012853A patent/KR20160074557A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2014-08-11 EP EP14854335.8A patent/EP3058052A4/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2014-08-11 CN CN201480056458.7A patent/CN105637072A/zh active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20150111801A1 (en) | 2015-04-23 |
KR20160074557A (ko) | 2016-06-28 |
WO2015057293A1 (en) | 2015-04-23 |
CN105637072A (zh) | 2016-06-01 |
JP2016537454A (ja) | 2016-12-01 |
CA2922608A1 (en) | 2015-04-23 |
SG11201602688XA (en) | 2016-05-30 |
EP3058052A4 (de) | 2016-11-02 |
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