Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
  • F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
  • F24S20/60—Solar heat collectors integrated in fixed constructions, e.g. in buildings
  • F24S20/66—Solar heat collectors integrated in fixed constructions, e.g. in buildings in the form of facade constructions, e.g. wall constructions
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
  • F24S60/00—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors
  • F24S60/30—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors storing heat in liquids
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
  • F24S90/00—Solar heat systems not otherwise provided for
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
  • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
  • Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
  • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers

Definitions

• the invention relates to a building equipped with a thermal regulation device by solar energy.
• a first technique consists in transforming the solar energy received into electricity via photovoltaic panels.
• a second technique is to heat water by solar exposure to produce hot water or supply a hot water heating system.
• a third technique is to use sunshine to heat the interior of the building through glazing.
• the present invention improves the situation.
• the invention relates to a building incorporating a thermal regulation device and having a surface having an orientation adapted to receive solar radiation, constituted by an outer face of the building wall wall, said thermal control device comprising :
• a first circulation duct for a heat transfer fluid adapted so that the fluid flowing inside said first duct accumulates heat produced by said solar radiation
• a second fluid circulation duct coupled to the first circulation duct and arranged to restore to the interior of the building heat previously accumulated by the fluid, when said fluid flows through the second duct;
• the principle of the invention therefore consists in heating a heat transfer fluid, for example water, by circulating it along a surface of the building receiving solar radiation through a duct integrated in a layer of insulating coating covering this surface, then at least partially restore the stored heat to the interior of the building by circulating it through a second conduit placed appropriately and integrated in a layer of insulating coating covering another wall wall, having a role of thermal regulation and whose orientation is different from that of the surface oriented to receive solar radiation.
• the fluid flowing in the second duct transmits its heat towards the interior of the building through the wall of thermal regulation.
• the invention applies more particularly to new buildings and to rehabilitate and whose interior is little or not isolated. It is particularly applicable to buildings located in areas requiring high insulation such as regions or countries bordering the Mediterranean, but also Asian countries such as India or China.
• the first circulation duct is disposed near the outer surface of the insulating coating layer covering the surface whose orientation is adapted to the reception of solar radiation. Thanks to this, the fluid recovers a maximum of heat produced by solar radiation.
• the second circulation duct is disposed against or near the outer surface of the thermal control wall wall.
• the heat transfer between the fluid and the thermal control wall is optimized.
• the wall wall along which the first pipe is disposed is advantageously exposed to the south (respectively north) or partially to the south (respectively partially to the north).
• the exposure of the thermal control wall wall has a main component oriented north, in the case of a building located in the northern hemisphere, and a main component facing south in the case of a building located in the southern hemisphere. Thanks to this, the thermal comfort inside the building is improved.
• control module adapted to interrupt the flow of fluid between the first and the second conduit during a period devoid of sunlight.
• it comprises a third fluid circulation duct, placed in the ground, and a coupling / decoupling element adapted to concomitantly uncouple the first and second circulation ducts and couple the second and third circulation ducts, the coupling of the second and third circulation ducts being adapted so that the fluid flows through the third duct, cooling thereto, and then flows through the second duct by cooling said thermal control wall wall.
• the thermal control device can be used to cool the building interior during a period of high temperatures.
• it comprises a fourth fluid circulation duct, placed in the ground, and a coupling / decoupling element adapted to concomitantly uncouple the first and second circulation ducts and to couple the first and fourth circulation ducts, the coupling of the first and fourth circulation ducts being adapted so that the fluid flows through the fourth duct cooling thereto and then flows through the first duct cooling the insulating coating layer covering the surface having an orientation adapted to receive solar radiation. Thanks to this, the thermal control device can be used to avoid an excessive increase in the layer of insulating coating covering the surface oriented to receive solar radiation.
• the invention also relates to a thermal regulation device for a building comprising a surface having an orientation adapted to receive solar radiation, constituted by an outer surface of a building wall wall, said device comprising
• a first circulation duct for a heat transfer fluid adapted so that the fluid flowing inside said first duct accumulates heat produced by said solar radiation
• a second fluid circulation duct coupled to the first circulation duct and arranged to restore to the interior of the building heat previously accumulated by the fluid, when said fluid flows through the second duct;
• the first duct is adapted to be integrated in an outer layer of insulating coating which covers said surface having an orientation adapted to receive solar radiation, the fluid flowing in the first circulation duct being intended to accumulate heat produced by said solar radiation
• the second conduit is adapted to be integrated in an outer layer of insulating coating covering a thermal regulation wall wall having an orientation different from that of said surface having an orientation adapted to receive solar radiation, and to be positioned to return heat to the interior of the building when said fluid having previously accumulated heat flows through it.
• the invention further relates to a method of thermal regulation of a building, said building comprising a surface having an orientation adapted to receive solar radiation, constituted by an external wall surface wall of a building enclosure, comprising the following steps: Circulating a heat transfer fluid through a first circulation duct,
• the invention finally relates to a method of installation in a building of a thermal regulation device, said building having a surface having an orientation adapted to receive solar radiation, constituted by an outer wall surface wall of a building enclosure, comprising the steps of:
• FIG. 1 A shows a schematic view of a building, according to a first orientation, according to a particular embodiment of the invention
• FIG. 1 B shows a side view of a duct mounted on one side of the building of Figure 1 exposed to solar radiation;
• FIG. 2A shows a schematic view of the building of Figure 1, in a second orientation
• FIG. 2B shows a side view of a duct mounted on a thermal control surface of the building of Figure 1;
• FIG. 3 represents two curves of evolution of the temperature of the internal wall face, relative to the wall exposed to solar radiation, respectively with and without the thermal control device of FIG. 1;
• FIG. 4 represents two temperature evolution curves of the internal wall face, located on the other side of the wall carrying the return wall face, respectively with and without the thermal control device of FIG. 1;
• FIG. 5 represents steps of a thermal regulation method of the building, corresponding to the operation of the thermal regulation device of FIGS. 1A-2B, according to a particular embodiment
• FIG. 6 shows steps of a method of installing the thermal control device on the building shown in Figures 1 A-2B, according to a particular embodiment.
• Figures 1A and 2A schematically shows a building 100, in two different orientations (Southwest and Northeast respectively).
• the building 100 shown has a rectangular parallelepiped shape.
• the invention applies to buildings of various shapes.
• the building 100 therefore comprises four external wall walls 1 -4, or enclosure, having different orientations.
• the building 100 is located in the northern hemisphere and the walls 1 -4 are respectively oriented south, west, north and east.
• These walls 1 -4 are for example concrete or brick.
• the external wall faces (that is to say the faces of the walls 1 -4 which are directed towards the outside of the building 100), respectively referenced F1, F2, F3 and F4, have different exposures.
• the face F1 is exposed to the south, F2 to the west, F3 to the north and F4 to the east.
• the faces F1, F2, on the one hand, and F3, F4, on the other hand, are shown in FIGS. 1A and 2A respectively.
• the south wall face F1 is a surface having an orientation adapted to receive solar radiation, the building being located in the northern hemisphere.
• the North wall face F3 here constitutes a thermal regulation surface.
• the wall face oriented to receive solar radiation would preferably be the north facing face F3.
• the thermal control wall face could in this case be the south facing face F1.
• the walls 1 -4 are each covered with a layer of external insulating coating 5-8 (that is to say covering the face of the wall facing the outside of the building).
• This coating is a thermal insulation material capable of being applied, for example by projection, on a surface of a building, such as a wall surface, so as to form a thermal insulation coating.
• It may be an insulating coating such as that described in the patent application published under the number WO201 1/083174.
• This insulating coating comprises for example a cement mortar and a silica airgel.
• the thickness of the layer coating can vary from 4 to 12 cm. In the particular example described here, the thickness of each layer of insulating plaster is about 4 centimeters.
• the layers of plaster 5-8 shown in FIGS. 1A to 2A are partially trimmed, only the edge areas appearing in these figures, so as to reveal elements of a thermal regulation device of the building which will now be described. In Figures 1B and 2B, the coating has not been shown.
• This thermal regulation device comprises:
• a pump (not shown) for circulating the fluid through the ducts;
• fasteners 13, 14 for positioning and fastening the conduits.
• the coolant may for example be water, optionally glycol. However, any other suitable coolant could be used.
• the ducts, circulation 9, 10 and 1 1, 12 are made of a material having a high thermal conductivity and the ability to easily deform to facilitate their installation. They must also have suitable chemical properties so as not to risk causing a chemical reaction with the insulating coating.
• These ducts 9-12 may be similar to those used in heated floors. For example, they may consist of polypropylene tubes. The diameter of the tubes used is for example less than 10 mm.
• the circulation duct 9 is positioned by the fasteners 13 at a distance d1 from the outer face F1 of the wall wall facing south.
• This distance d1 is here of the order of a few centimeters, for example equal to four centimeters.
• the duct 9 is deformed so as to form a coil having a plurality of elbows located in the vicinity of the vertical wall edges between which the duct 9 extends here horizontally.
• the serpentine duct 9 covers an area of the south wall face F1 corresponding to almost all of the wall surface (excluding areas near the edges).
• the duct 9 is integrated in the layer of insulating plaster 5 and extends near the outer surface of the plaster layer 5, which corresponds to the hottest zone of the layer 1 during periods of sunshine South.
• the first duct 9 is positioned at approximately four centimeters from the wall wall 1. Then, the coating is projected on this initial thickness of 4 cm, so that the first duct 9 is flush with the surface. The plaster projected on such a thickness is thermally insulating. An additional thickness of about one centimeter of plaster is then projected to cover the duct 9. This additional layer of plaster is thermally conductive, given its small thickness. This forms an insulating coating layer juxtaposed with a layer of conductive coating. The conductive coating layer is the outer layer of the facade. The conduit 9 is positioned in the insulating coating layer and is flush with the surface separating the insulating coating and the conductive coating. The conduit 9 is contiguous to the conductive coating layer.
• the circulation duct 10 is positioned by the fasteners 14 against the outer face F3 of the wall wall facing north.
• the conduit 10 could be positioned a distance d2 from the face F3 while remaining close thereto.
• This distance d2 is in any case less than the distance d1, and preferably less than about 1 cm, or even 2 cm.
• the serpentine duct 10 covers an area of the north wall face F3 corresponding to almost all of this wall surface (with the exception of the areas near the edges).
• the duct 10 is integrated in the insulating coating layer 7 and extends against the outer face F3 of the wall wall 3, to be closer to this wall wall to transmit heat.
• the conduit 10 is positioned against the wall wall 3.
• a coating is sprayed to a thickness of about one centimeter, thus forming a layer of conductive coating. Then, a coating is sprayed on a larger thickness, for example between 3 and 15 centimeters, thus forming a layer of insulating coating.
• the layer of insulating plaster thus formed then constitutes the outer layer of the facade.
• a conductive coating layer has a thickness less than or equal to 1 cm and an insulating coating layer has a thickness of between 3 and 15 cm.
• the layers of insulating plaster have the same thickness on the side of the wall wall 1 and the side of the wall wall 3.
• the connecting duct 1 1 here connects the respective high ends of the circulation ducts 9 and 10 and extends in a horizontal direction or close to the horizontal along a wall face connecting the south faces F and north F3, here the west face F2.
• the duct 1 1 is integrated in the plaster layer 6.
• the connecting duct 12 extends horizontally along the bottom of the wall face is F4. It connects the lower end of the conduit 10 to the fluid circulation pump. It is integrated in the layer of insulating coating 8.
• the lower end of the connecting pipe 9 is also connected to the pump.
• Fasteners ensure the attachment of the connecting ducts 1 1 and 12 to the wall walls 2 and 4.
• the conduits 9, 1 1, 10, 12 and the pump form a closed loop fluid circulation circuit.
• the ducts 9-12 may be separate and connected to each other.
• the ducts 9-12 are constituted by different portions of the same shaped duct to obtain the circulation circuit as previously described.
• step S1 the pump is started. Under the action of the pump, the heat transfer fluid circulates in a closed loop through the circulation circuit comprising the ducts 9-12, during a step S2.
• the solar radiation makes the layer of insulating plaster 5 warmer, and especially the zone located near the outer surface of this layer. layer 5.
• the fluid flowing through the duct 9 located on the south side accumulates heat produced by the solar radiation during a step S3.
• the fluid storing this stored heat is passed through one of the connecting ducts, for example the duct 1 1, to the circulation duct 10 located on the north side, against the wall wall 3, during a step S4.
• a step S5 the fluid circulates through the circulation duct 10. Part of the heat previously stored during the south-side circulation is transmitted through the duct 10 and through the wall wall 3 towards the interior of the duct 10. building. The heat stored in the south is thus restored at least partially to the north.
• the fluid cooled (at least partially) after having circulated against the north wall 3 is reinjected by the pump in the duct 9 located on the south side, during a step S6.
• Steps S1 to S6 are then repeated.
• FIG. 4 there is shown:
• the thermal control device may comprise a control unit of the pump intended to control the starting and the interruption of the operation of the pump.
• this control unit can be programmed to control temporary interruptions of the pump, and thus a temporary stop of the circulation of the fluid, outside the periods of sunshine of the building on the side of the face having a orientation adapted to receive solar radiation (that is to say here south side), especially at night, during predefined time periods during the day and / or depending on the weather conditions.
• This control would optimize heating.
• the ducts 9 and 10 are deformed so as to be formed into coils, positioned as previously described vis-à-vis the wall walls 1 and 3 and fixed to the wall walls 1 and 3 by the fasteners 13 and 14. After fixing, the duct 9 is spaced from the wall wall 1 exposed to the south, by a distance d1, while the duct 10 is pressed against the wall wall 3 exposed to the north.
• the duct 1 1 is connected, at its two ends, to the upper end of the duct 9 and to the upper end of the duct 10. It is also fixed to the wall wall 2 by fasteners, not represented.
• step S14 the duct 12 is connected at one of its ends to the lower end of the circulation duct 10 and fixed to the wall wall 4 by fasteners (not shown).
• step S15 the free end of the duct 12 and the low end of the duct 9 are connected to the pump, these two ducts then being connected to each other via the pump.
• conduits 9 and 10 are coupled, that is to say connected to each other here by forming a loop (or closed) circulation circuit.
• the installation method then comprises the steps S16-S19 of applying an insulating coating on the outer faces F1-F4 of the walls 1 -4.
• the coating is applied by projection on each wall surface so as to obtain a coating in the form of a layer of a desired thickness, of the order of a few centimeters, for example about 4 centimeters.
• the thermal regulation device comprises a conduit (not shown) for circulating and cooling the fluid, installed in the ground, for example at the level of the building foundations, and intended to cool the interior of the building. for example in case of heat.
• the conduit 10 placed against or near the wall wall 3 (here north), the connecting duct 12 and the cooling duct are all connected to a three-way valve in "L".
• the cooling duct is also connected to the pump at its other end.
• the three-way valve is controlled from in order to couple the duct 10 and the cooling duct and thus to form a closed circulation circuit comprising the pump.
• the fluid flows through the cooling duct, cooling thereto, and then flows through the duct 10 by cooling said thermal control wall wall 3.
• the thermal regulation device comprises a conduit (not shown) for circulating and cooling the fluid, installed in the ground, for example at the level of the building foundations, and intended to cool the coating layer. 5.
• the conduit 9, the connecting duct 1 1 and the cooling duct are all connected to a 3-way valve in "L".
• the cooling duct is also connected to the pump at its other end. This valve is adapted to ensure either a coupling of the ducts 9 and 10 and a decoupling of the cooling duct, or a coupling of the duct 9 and the cooling duct and a decoupling of the duct 10.
• the three-way valve In operation, when it is desired to cool the interior of the building, in case of high heat and / or sunshine on the side of the F1 side of heat storage, the three-way valve is controlled so as to couple the conduit 9 and the cooling duct and thereby form a closed circulation circuit comprising the pump. Under the action of the pump, the fluid circulates through the cooling duct, cooling therein, then flows through the duct 9 by cooling the insulating coating layer 5. This prevents the layer 5, and by consequently, the wall wall 1 rises too much in temperature.
• the first duct 9 is integrated in an outer layer of insulating coating which covers the south-facing surface F1 and the second duct is integrated in an outer layer of coating covering the north-facing thermal control wall wall 3 , building 100 being located in the northern hemisphere. More generally, the first duct 9 is integrated in an outer layer of insulating coating 5 which covers a surface having an orientation adapted to receive solar radiation, constituted by an outer face of the building wall wall of the building 100 , while the second duct is embedded in an outer layer of plaster insulation covering a thermal control wall wall having a different orientation than said surface having an orientation adapted to receive solar radiation.
• the first duct 9 is disposed near the outer surface of the insulating coating layer 5, so that a small thickness of coating forming a conductive coating layer separates the first duct 9 and the surface. external.
• the exposure of the wall wall 1 having an orientation adapted to receive solar rays advantageously comprises a main component oriented to the south in the case of a building located in the northern hemisphere (respectively a main component oriented to the north, in the case of a building located in the southern hemisphere).
• the exposure of the thermal control wall wall is preferably different from that of the wall wall 1.
• it has a north-facing main component, in the case of a building located in the northern hemisphere (respectively to the south, in the case of a building located in the southern hemisphere).

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Sustainable Development (AREA)
• Sustainable Energy (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Building Environments (AREA)

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• 2013
  • 2013-09-27 FR FR1359334A patent/FR3011319B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2014
  • 2014-09-23 EP EP14772321.7A patent/EP3049734A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2014-09-23 WO PCT/EP2014/070192 patent/WO2015044111A1/fr active Application Filing

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