EP3039372A1 - Échangeur de chaleur - Google Patents

Échangeur de chaleur

Info

Publication number
EP3039372A1
EP3039372A1 EP14749833.1A EP14749833A EP3039372A1 EP 3039372 A1 EP3039372 A1 EP 3039372A1 EP 14749833 A EP14749833 A EP 14749833A EP 3039372 A1 EP3039372 A1 EP 3039372A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
tube
exchanger according
exhaust gas
flow
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP14749833.1A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3039372B1 (fr
Inventor
Peter Geskes
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mahle Behr GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Mahle Behr GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mahle Behr GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Mahle Behr GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP3039372A1 publication Critical patent/EP3039372A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3039372B1 publication Critical patent/EP3039372B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/13Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
    • F02M26/22Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories with coolers in the recirculation passage
    • F02M26/29Constructional details of the coolers, e.g. pipes, plates, ribs, insulation or materials
    • F02M26/32Liquid-cooled heat exchangers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/02Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular
    • F28F1/04Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular polygonal, e.g. rectangular
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/42Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being both outside and inside the tubular element
    • F28F1/422Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being both outside and inside the tubular element with outside means integral with the tubular element and inside means integral with the tubular element
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F3/00Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
    • F28F3/02Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
    • F28F3/025Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being corrugated, plate-like elements
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F3/00Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
    • F28F3/02Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
    • F28F3/04Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element
    • F28F3/042Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element in the form of local deformations of the element
    • F28F3/044Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element in the form of local deformations of the element the deformations being pontual, e.g. dimples
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F3/00Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
    • F28F3/02Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
    • F28F3/04Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element
    • F28F3/042Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element in the form of local deformations of the element
    • F28F3/046Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element in the form of local deformations of the element the deformations being linear, e.g. corrugations
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/026Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits
    • F28F9/0282Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits by varying the geometry of conduit ends, e.g. by using inserts or attachments for modifying the pattern of flow at the conduit inlet or outlet

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heat exchanger according to the preamble of claim 1. It further relates to an exhaust gas cooler with such a heat exchanger.
  • exhaust gas coolers are used in this context, which are thermally loaded to a high degree by the introduced combustion exhaust gases. The latter can have temperatures of up to 700 ° C. during operation of the internal combustion engine.
  • the flow guide element has a planar ground plane extending in the main flow longitudinal direction, wherein at least partially lateral boundary structures rise above the ground plane to form at least one flow path.
  • the at least one flow path has a first upstream distance of the lateral limiting structures and a downstream second distance of the lateral limiting structures, the distances being such that a pressure loss of the fluid associated with the flow path is greater than that of the upstream first Spacing assigned location to a location associated with the downstream second distance is different than a pressure loss of an imaginary flow path having substantially equally spaced boundary structures.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object to provide an improved heat exchanger, which - especially in the context of exhaust gas cooling - reliably avoids the occurrence of so-called hotspots.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a corresponding exhaust gas cooler.
  • the invention is therefore based on the basic principle of a tube heat exchanger (RWÜ), through the so-called tube space, a second stream, such as exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine, pumped or otherwise promoted.
  • the at least one tube forming the tube space extends in a limited by a fluid-tight housing so-called shell space, which is flowed through by a first stream, such as coolant, and is inventively provided with projections on its outer surface, which the the (s) flow around the first stream, so for example, the coolant to a small extent and thereby steer.
  • a first stream such as coolant
  • the housing and the outer surfaces of the at least one tube form parallel flow paths for the first material flow, which are frontally limited by a bottom in which the at least one tube is taken. Via a connection, the first material flow in the region of the bottom, preferably orthogonal to the second material flow, is introduced into the housing.
  • the elevations on the outer surfaces of the tubes are designed such that the first material flow is distributed substantially uniformly in the region of the bottom after entry into the housing and is divided substantially evenly on the flow paths.
  • the elevations on the outer surfaces of the tubes accumulate the first material flow in some areas at least slightly, thereby diverting it to other, less well-flowed and boiling areas at risk, or increase the volume flow there.
  • the first material flow is directed laterally into the exhaust gas cooler. Housing on and by the shape of a considerable extent, for example at right angles, diverted, this modification of the heat exchanger proves to be advantageous.
  • the described surveys of the pipe surfaces namely reduce the risk of the formation of so-called dead spaces or hotspots within the exhaust gas cooler, which are insufficiently flowed through by coolant and thus exposed to a particularly intense thermal load.
  • the coolant circuit is often operated with a low flow rate for the purpose of saving energy
  • the configuration of the heat exchanger according to the invention thus contributes to considerably reduce the risk of overheating phenomena such as local boiling of the refrigerant, resulting in adverse chemical reactions and to significantly increase the overall service life of the exhaust gas cooler in this way.
  • said elevations are formed by means of a suitable forming technique in a sheet comprising the outer surface, for example a thin sheet.
  • a suitable forming technique in a sheet comprising the outer surface, for example a thin sheet.
  • an established pressure forming method is recommended, in particular the stamping of the elevation into a flat region of the outer surface.
  • Suitable forming tool such as embossing machines or pressing is familiar to the skilled worker and proven under production-practical aspects.
  • this offers a variety of possible variants, ranging from a simple nub on the outer surface to the embossment of the survey by a bead of the opposite inner surface of the sheet.
  • the latter option opens up a wide range of different shaping alternatives and angles of attack to a person skilled in the art in view of the availability of various bead rolls.
  • the execution of the surveys as beads additionally not only reduces the degradation of any stress peaks in the sheet metal of the pipes due to the embossing process, but advantageously also contributes to the stiffening of the entire heat exchanger.
  • the tubes are preferably provided with winglets, which can significantly increase the turbulence of the first and / or second material flow.
  • winglets can significantly increase the turbulence of the first and / or second material flow.
  • a comparable maximization of the contact surface can be achieved by means of ribs shaped analogously in the metal sheet, for example cooling fins, which at the same time increase the mechanical strength of the heat exchanger at the price of a slight increase in weight and reduce the sound radiation of a corresponding exhaust gas cooler by suppressing surface vibrations.
  • the tubes may be materially connected to the bottom of the housing, so that the resulting atomic or molecular forces support the structural cohesion of the heat exchanger.
  • a material bond can also be achieved by means of soldering, without to exceed the liquidus temperature of the pipe or the ground, accepting the known detrimental consequences for the respective base materials.
  • the tube heat exchanger in the context of exhaust gas cooling, it may prove pragmatic to equip the tube heat exchanger according to the invention with a diffuser oriented at right angles to the connection for introducing the combustion exhaust gases to be cooled.
  • a diffuser oriented at right angles to the connection for introducing the combustion exhaust gases to be cooled.
  • each schematically 1 is a partially perspective view of the tube of a heat exchanger according to the invention according to a first embodiment
  • FIG. 2 shows a partial perspective view of the tube of a heat exchanger according to the invention according to a second embodiment
  • Fig. 5 shows the cross section of a heat exchanger according to the invention according to a fifth embodiment
  • Fig. 6 shows the region-wise longitudinal section of an exhaust gas cooler according to the invention.
  • Figure 1 illustrates the specific nature of a tube 5 of a heat exchanger 1 according to the invention (see Fig. 6).
  • tube 5 - 10 is to be understood as meaning any substantially fluid-tight hollow body whose length is substantially greater than its diameter and which is manufactured from a comparatively inflexible material, for example in contrast to a tube.
  • the tube 5 of FIG. 1 has a rectangular cross-section and therefore an approximately parallelepipedal shape.
  • Such a design is sometimes referred to as right edge and presently formed by two narrow outer surfaces 12, 13 and two wide outer surfaces 14, 15 of sheet metal, which constitute the lateral walls of the tube 5.
  • the narrow outer surfaces 12, 13 are each provided with a convex elevation 16 orthogonal to its longitudinal axis in the form of a short transverse bead 17 of the corresponding counter surface, while the broad outer surfaces 14, 15 have elevations 16 which are analogously provided by long square beads 18 are marked.
  • Technical limitations of the forming process used in the production process require that at least the elevations 16 / beads 17, 18 recognizable from the perspective of FIG. 1 do not extend beyond the complete width of the respective outer surfaces 13, 15 but just before the two-sided edges end up.
  • the described beads 17, 18 are on the outer surface 12, 13, 14, 15 as a negative bead 17, 18, so perceived as a bead.
  • flow paths 24 are arranged, which are at least partially related to each other and / or communicating with each other, but substantially parallel.
  • FIG. 2 The alternative embodiment of Figure 2, however, is characterized by a survey 16, 19, which is not like the beads 17, 18 channel-shaped, but hump-like in the form of a nearly circular knob 16 is formed.
  • the corresponding tube 6 of FIG. 2 has a star-shaped projection of so-called winglets 19, which enlarge the wide outer surfaces 14, 15 of the tube 6 and tend to favor turbulence of the material flow 1, 4 conducted therein or therefore.
  • the tube 8 shown in cross section according to Figure 4 is provided in addition to the beads 17, 18 with further geometric optimizations in the form of ribs 20.
  • the - correspond to the embodiment of Figure 3 - pipes 7 next to conventional winglets 19 inventively embossed short elevations 16 / (cross) ribs 17 on their narrow outer surfaces 12, 13 and long elevations 16 / (cross) corrugations 18 at their wide outer surfaces 14, 15 each having a height of about 1 mm.
  • the last passed from the flow 4 tubes 10 finally have only short elevations 16 / transverse beads 17 on their narrow outer surfaces 12, 13, while the wide Outer surfaces 14, 15 are increased exclusively by winglets 19.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates the benefits of a heat exchanger 1 according to the invention in the context of an exhaust gas cooler 2, which is in fluid communication via a lateral connection 22 with a coolant circuit and a front side arranged diffuser 23 with an exhaust pipe.
  • the by the combustion exhaust gas of a - not shown in Figure 6 - internal combustion engine formed second Stoffstronn 1 1 occurs essentially over the entire width of the housing 3 in the inserted into the bottom 21 tubes 5, which correspond to the embodiment of Figure 1.
  • the lateral attachment of the terminal 22 causes a comparison in almost orthogonal entry of the formed by a suitable coolant first material flow 4 in the bounded by the housing 3 shell space of the heat exchanger 1, but formed by the downstream of the terminal 22 in the tubes 5 short and long Elevations 16 / transverse seeding 17, 18 is not insignificantly delayed.
  • the resulting slight backflow of the coolant within the input region of the housing 3 ensures a largely homogeneous volume flow along its entire width along the outer surfaces 12, 13, 14, 15 of the tubes 5, so that overheating, in particular in the regions facing away from the connection 22, in particular in a There in conventional heat exchangers occurring dead space, the housing 3 can be avoided.
  • the number of elevations 16 / beads 17, 18 decreases in the tubes 5 from top to bottom, resulting in a blocking of the flow paths 24 is increasingly reduced.
  • the mutually contacting elevations 16 / beads 17, 18 of adjacent tubes 5 can in turn be permanently connected in order to increase the rigidity of the exhaust gas cooler 2.
  • a ratio a / h between a distance a between the bottom 21 and the elevation 16 / bead 17, 18 and the height h of the bottom 21 is 0.3 ⁇ a / h ⁇ 0.7, preferably 0.4 ⁇ a / h ⁇ 0.6. This allows a particularly uniform temperature distribution can be achieved.
  • the distance a between the bottom 21 and the elevation 16 / bead 17, 18 is about 20 to 60 mm, preferably 30 to 60 mm. This ensures an optimal stowage effect of the first material stream 4, for example of the coolant, and thereby for a particularly equal distribution of the same in the region of Soil 21, which in particular so-called "hotspots", where a boiling of the first stream 4 must be feared, can be avoided.
  • a homogeneous as possible tempered flow field is to be generated, whose temperature is below the boiling temperature of the coolant 4, whereby a local boiling of the same can be avoided with the associated problems.
  • the elevations 16 / beads 17, 18 at individual or at several points in the circumferential direction of the tube 5 - 10 may be arranged.
  • the elevations 16 / beads 17, 18 need not go beyond the entire pipe width beyond, but may also only partially extend over the pipe width.
  • the beads 17, 18 and elevations 16 never completely block the flow paths 24, a part of the first material flow 4 can thus still flow along the tubes 5 - 10 despite the elevations 16 / beads 17, 18.
  • a porosity factor F that is to say a passage factor of 60% and 90% (ideal pressure drop) is sought by the elevations / beads 16, 17, 18. wherein the porosity factor F is defined as follows:
  • A_KM2 coolant-side surface attributed to one of the tubes but blocked by bumps
  • the porosity factor F thus increases in the heat exchanger 1 in the tubes 5 - 10, starting from the terminal 22 from top to bottom.
  • the porosity factor F (degree of opening) thus increases the closer the respective tube 5 - 10 or the respective row of tubes is to the hotspots).
  • the value should be between 60% and 90%, because then the pressure drop does not increase too much.
  • the tubes 5 - 10 along their longitudinal axis may have a plurality of elevations / beads 16, 17, 18 at specific spacings or characteristic combinations of transverse and longitudinal elevations / beads 16, 17, 18.
  • the elevations / beads 16, 17, 18 may be provided only on one side of each tube 5 - 10, but have a relation to the two-sided configuration doubled height.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un échangeur de chaleur (1) pourvu d'un logement (3) étanche au fluide permettant de conduire un premier flux de matières (4), d'au moins un tube (5 - 10) laissant passer la chaleur, s'étendant dans le logement (3), et permettant de guider un deuxième flux de matières (11), le logement (3) et les surfaces extérieures (12, 13, 14, 15) du ou des tubes (5 - 10) formant des trajets d'écoulement (24) parallèles pour le premier flux de matières (4), lesquels sont délimités frontalement par un fond (21), d'un raccordement (22) par l'intermédiaire duquel le premier flux de matières (4) peut être introduit dans la zone du fond (21) à l'intérieur du logement (3). Cela permet d'éviter ce qu'on appelle des « points chauds » et d'obtenir simultanément une distribution plus uniforme des températures lorsqu'une surface extérieure (12, 13, 14, 15) du ou des tubes (5 - 10) présente un bossage (16, 17, 18), de telle manière que le premier flux de matières (4), après avoir pénétré dans le logement (3), est versé de manière sensiblement uniforme dans la zone du fond (21) et réparti de façon homogène sur les canaux d'écoulement (24).
EP14749833.1A 2013-08-19 2014-08-08 Échangeur de chaleur Not-in-force EP3039372B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102013216408.4A DE102013216408A1 (de) 2013-08-19 2013-08-19 Wärmeübertrager
PCT/EP2014/067103 WO2015024802A1 (fr) 2013-08-19 2014-08-08 Échangeur de chaleur

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3039372A1 true EP3039372A1 (fr) 2016-07-06
EP3039372B1 EP3039372B1 (fr) 2019-05-01

Family

ID=51300759

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP14749833.1A Not-in-force EP3039372B1 (fr) 2013-08-19 2014-08-08 Échangeur de chaleur

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US20160208746A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP3039372B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102013216408A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2015024802A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP6219199B2 (ja) * 2014-02-27 2017-10-25 株式会社神戸製鋼所 熱交換用プレートとなる元板材、及びその元板材の製造方法
USD840958S1 (en) * 2016-11-15 2019-02-19 Borgwamer Emissions Systems Spain, S.L.U. Shaped tube with a pattern
KR102371237B1 (ko) * 2017-05-11 2022-03-04 현대자동차 주식회사 수냉식 이지알 쿨러, 및 이의 제조방법
DE102017212237A1 (de) * 2017-07-18 2019-01-24 Mahle International Gmbh Wärmeübertrager

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DE19654368B4 (de) * 1996-12-24 2006-01-05 Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg Wärmeübertrager, insbesondere Abgaswärmeübertrager
DE10233407B4 (de) * 2001-07-26 2016-02-18 Denso Corporation Abgaswärmeaustauscher
DE10214467A1 (de) * 2002-03-30 2003-10-09 Modine Mfg Co Abgaswärmetauscher für Kraftfahrzeuge
JP4164799B2 (ja) * 2002-11-28 2008-10-15 株式会社ティラド Egrクーラ
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US7614389B2 (en) * 2005-03-24 2009-11-10 Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg Exhaust gas heat exchanger, in particular an exhaust gas cooler for exhaust gas recirculation in a motor vehicle
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DE102006051000A1 (de) * 2005-10-26 2007-07-12 Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg Wärmetauscher, Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Wärmetauschers
BRPI0807410A2 (pt) * 2007-01-23 2014-05-27 Modine Mfg Co Trocador de calor e método
DE102008014169A1 (de) * 2007-04-26 2009-01-08 Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg Wärmetauscher, insbesondere zur Abgaskühlung, System mit einem Wärmetauscher zur Abgaskühlung, Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Wärmetauschers
US8235098B2 (en) * 2008-01-24 2012-08-07 Honeywell International Inc. Heat exchanger flat tube with oblique elongate dimples
JP2010048536A (ja) * 2008-08-25 2010-03-04 Denso Corp 熱交換器
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JP5533715B2 (ja) * 2010-04-09 2014-06-25 株式会社デンソー 排気熱交換装置
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20160208746A1 (en) 2016-07-21
WO2015024802A1 (fr) 2015-02-26
EP3039372B1 (fr) 2019-05-01
DE102013216408A1 (de) 2015-02-19

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