EP3024617A2 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zur trennung eines flachen werkstücks in mehrere teilstücke - Google Patents
Verfahren und vorrichtung zur trennung eines flachen werkstücks in mehrere teilstückeInfo
- Publication number
- EP3024617A2 EP3024617A2 EP14738777.3A EP14738777A EP3024617A2 EP 3024617 A2 EP3024617 A2 EP 3024617A2 EP 14738777 A EP14738777 A EP 14738777A EP 3024617 A2 EP3024617 A2 EP 3024617A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- workpiece
- lines
- laser beam
- laser
- along
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B33/00—Severing cooled glass
- C03B33/09—Severing cooled glass by thermal shock
- C03B33/091—Severing cooled glass by thermal shock using at least one focussed radiation beam, e.g. laser beam
- C03B33/093—Severing cooled glass by thermal shock using at least one focussed radiation beam, e.g. laser beam using two or more focussed radiation beams
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/0006—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring taking account of the properties of the material involved
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/04—Automatically aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam, e.g. using the back-scattered light
- B23K26/046—Automatically focusing the laser beam
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
- B23K26/146—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor the fluid stream containing a liquid
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/36—Removing material
- B23K26/40—Removing material taking account of the properties of the material involved
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/50—Working by transmitting the laser beam through or within the workpiece
- B23K26/53—Working by transmitting the laser beam through or within the workpiece for modifying or reforming the material inside the workpiece, e.g. for producing break initiation cracks
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B33/00—Severing cooled glass
- C03B33/02—Cutting or splitting sheet glass or ribbons; Apparatus or machines therefor
- C03B33/0222—Scoring using a focussed radiation beam, e.g. laser
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B33/00—Severing cooled glass
- C03B33/09—Severing cooled glass by thermal shock
- C03B33/091—Severing cooled glass by thermal shock using at least one focussed radiation beam, e.g. laser beam
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/50—Inorganic materials other than metals or composite materials
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for separating a flat workpiece into a plurality of sections, wherein in a first step by local material processing with a laser beam through a surface of the workpiece one or more lines of modified material along one or more predetermined separation lines in the workpiece are generated , which lead to a reduction of the breaking stress of the workpiece along the parting lines, and in a second step, the workpiece is separated along the parting lines by thermal laser beam separation into the sections.
- the invention also relates to a device which is designed to carry out the method.
- the substrate to be separated is usually fixed on a support before the separation process so that the substrate does not slip during processing, the components can be separated in a controlled manner and already separate components are not lost.
- the type of fixation is chosen depending on the substrate to be processed. In microelectronics, e.g. often chosen a fixation of the substrate by means of a single-sided adhesive film and a support frame.
- substrate material is removed along the scribe frame with the aid of one or more pulsed laser beams until all the components have been separated.
- Ablation-free or split-joint-free laser methods are based on the initialization and guiding of a crack through the substrate. Examples of such ablation-free separation methods are the so-called stealth dicing (SD) and the thermal laser beam separation (TLS).
- SD stealth dicing
- TLS thermal laser beam separation
- a pulsed laser beam with high pulse intensity generates material weakening due to non-linear absorption in the workpiece, at which the workpiece is subsequently broken by mechanical action.
- a pulsed laser beam with high pulse intensity For separation of substrates with a thickness of 200 ⁇ or thicker, however, several crossings with the laser beam along the dividing line are required. This increases the process time and thus reduces the throughput.
- the workpiece must not absorb the laser radiation too much with this technique in order to produce the nonlinear effects at a sufficient depth in the workpiece. The separation of highly doped substrates is therefore not possible because the absorption of the laser radiation takes place too close to the surface.
- the separation of the workpiece is accomplished by generating a high thermal stress with a laser beam sufficiently absorbed by the workpiece.
- the separation by this thermal stress requires the initiation of the break by a suitable material weakening on or in the workpiece.
- EP 1 924 392 B1 shows a method according to the preamble of claim 1.
- a track of modified material is created along the parting line, which results in a reduction in the breaking stress of the workpiece along the parting line.
- This track replaces the hitherto introduced notch and can also be designed to have different depths along the dividing line in order to compensate for a possibly varying thickness of the workpiece.
- a notch or surface material modification applied to the surface may reduce the quality of the edge of the severed part or component.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a method and an apparatus for separating a flat workpiece into a plurality of sections, which enable high-speed separation and higher quality of the resulting edges of the sections compared to the previous thermal laser beam separation.
- the proposed method is a laser-based separation process that works without a joint.
- the process uses the technique of thermal laser beam separation (TLS), in which the combination of laser beam and cooling along the parting line causes strong thermal stresses to be introduced into the workpiece, causing the workpiece to break along the parting line.
- Energy and intensity of the laser radiation are chosen so that the workpiece material is not modified by the laser beam, in particular not melted.
- CW laser conti nuous wave
- the material weakening required for initiating the fracture at TLS is achieved in the proposed method by local material processing with a further laser beam, in particular a pulsed laser beam, through the surface of the workpiece.
- One or more lines of modified material are created along the dividing lines.
- the proposed method is characterized in that these one or more lines are not generated exclusively along the surface, but extend completely or at least in sections at a distance from the surface in the workpiece. It may be a continuous line or even several separate lines, which may also have a distance along the dividing line. The thickness or the diameter of the lines can also vary over their length.
- the respective line is produced with a course in which the line starts at the surface of the workpiece and then moves away from the surface and at a distance from the surface in the workpiece, which can also vary over the length of the line.
- the quality of the edge of each section or component to be separated is only influenced at the start position of the break by the material modification on the surface, so that the remaining course of the component or part edges can be produced with high quality.
- a "high quality” is to be understood as meaning a geometrical course of the edge along the desired dividing line without ripples or outbreaks.
- the production of the lines responsible for initiating and guiding the fracture achieves a higher quality of the edge of the severed sections or components at the same time, since the line sections extending at a distance from the surface guide the section sections. or component edge do not adversely affect.
- the length of the line or sections at a distance from the surface should be as large as possible, but preferably greater than the length of the line or sections that extend at the surface.
- a further advantage of the proposed method is that the first step of generating the line (s) can also be used, in advance, first of all a metallization possibly located on the surface of the workpiece and / or extended PCM structures (PCM: process control monitoring) locally in the region of the scribe frame in order to enable a sufficient absorption of the laser radiation in the workpiece for the subsequent TLS or Remove security-relevant structures, such as in security RFIDs.
- PCM process control monitoring
- substrates with larger Substratdi- bridges for example, with at least 925 ⁇ thickness for silicon substrates or 450 ⁇ thickness for SiC substrates, in only one pass, i. with only one crossing, where the lasers are separated via the respective dividing line, with good straightness of the dividing edge.
- the method also allows the separation of highly doped semiconductor wafers with simultaneous straightness of the separating edge. Even stacked layers of different materials can be separated with the proposed method.
- substrates stacked with the process e.g. Silicon on glass, completely separated at the same time good straightness of the cutting edge.
- the lines of modified material produced in the method in the first method step along the dividing line may follow with respect to the distance from the surface of a geometric function or even an arbitrary course.
- exemplary geometric functions are e.g. Sine function, parabola, a linear function, a sawtooth or a triangle function.
- the respective distance function can also be in fixed relation to the structures or dimensions of the sections to be separated, in particular depending on the length of each section to be separated. Particularly advantageous is a distance course, in which the respective line is at the start and crossing points of the parting lines on the surface and extends between these points in an optionally varying distance to the surface in the workpiece.
- the line can also run along areas with a surface metallization and / or PCM structures in the scribe frame on the surface.
- two or more lines along the defined parting line at different distances from the surface can be superimposed, d. H. Seen from the surface or in a vertical projection on the surface completely or partially overlap along the dividing line.
- a variation of the distance of the lines from the surface is preferably achieved by adapting the focus position of the laser beam used to generate the lines in the depth direction of the workpiece, ie the z value of the focal point with respect to the surface of the workpiece to be separated.
- This variation of the focal position can be due to different Techniques are realized.
- the focus position for example.
- an actuator such as a piezoelectric element or a magnetic actuator, take place on a relative focus position influencing element.
- a sinusoidal movement of the last converging lens of the focusing optics of the laser beam in front of the surface of the workpiece a corresponding sinusoidal distance function of the line in the workpiece can be produced.
- the variation generated by the actuator is not limited to such a sine function, but may follow any given course or even a superposition of any geometric functions.
- Another possibility of varying the focal position in the depth direction of the workpiece is the use of moving or focal length variable optical elements, such as the mirror elements of different focal lengths on a polygon scanner or by using adaptive mirrors. It goes without saying that the workpiece itself can also be suitably moved in the distance direction with respect to the laser processing head or vice versa.
- the generation of the lines can be carried out in the proposed method with a varying along the lines of energy input of the pulsed laser beam used for the generation of lines.
- This can be realized, for example, via a variation of the pulse energy / laser power and / or also by varying the pulse spacing.
- the variation can take place in fixed relation to the structure of the workpiece to be separated or to the sections to be separated.
- a higher pulse energy / laser power can be introduced at the start and intersection points and / or a shorter pulse spacing can be selected than in the intervening areas.
- a control for the focal position of the laser beam in the first method step can be used with a sensor system.
- the sensor serves to identify the relative position of the surface of the workpiece to be separated from the laser focus and the identification of any existing structures on the surface, such as metallization, which must be removed near the surface using the pulsed laser radiation to penetration of the laser radiation to allow for the second processing step.
- the control leads the focus in detection of such structures respectively to the surface to remove the interfering structures.
- the first step may be performed on a non-separately pretreated substrate.
- a pretreatment step separate from the first step is carried out before the first step, by means of which material located in the region of one or more provided predetermined parting lines on the surface of the workpiece, in particular a metallization and / or PCM structures, eliminated and / or the surface is prepared for coupling the laser beam in the first step.
- the pretreatment step may e.g. a selective laser ablation by means of a pre-treatment laser beam having a beam energy which is higher than an ablation threshold for the material located on the surface and lower than an ablation threshold for the material of the workpiece.
- a pre-treatment laser beam having a beam energy which is higher than an ablation threshold for the material located on the surface and lower than an ablation threshold for the material of the workpiece.
- This can e.g. used to eliminate metallization and / or PCM structures.
- the pretreatment step may include smoothing the substrate surface by local remelting by laser radiation. This can be rough surfaces, e.g. be smoothed so that the coupling of the laser beam is improved in the subsequent first step against a coupling to the non-smoothed substrate.
- the first step of the local laser machining it is useful in many cases, when a surface of the next line modified material in a predominant portion of their length at a distance of 30 ⁇ to 150 ⁇ , in particular at a distance of 40 ⁇ to 60 ⁇ from the surface is generated in the workpiece. If this uppermost track is quite close to the surface, it can usually be achieved that the subsequently generated crack remains in the material, so that the surface is not contaminated by cracks.
- the crack location can be specified sufficiently precisely in the stress field of the subsequent TLS step, so that the crack can not or hardly run away and a precise edge profile can be achieved.
- a distance between the lines of at least 200 ⁇ even thicker substrates with only a few lines can be so accurately predamaged that the subsequent crack plane defines exactly remains.
- a line further from the surface and then a line closer to the surface are generated, so that the coupling of the laser beam always takes place by means of non-damaged material.
- a second laser beam is preferably directed to the workpiece during the second step of thermal laser separation, and a cooling medium is applied to the surface near the heating zone or partially overlapping the heating zone to produce a cooling zone.
- focusing of the second laser beam is adjusted such that a focus position lies at a distance from the surface in the interior of the workpiece.
- the heat can then heat the area to be heated from the inside to the outside.
- a deeper heating is possible than in the case of focusing the heating beam on the substrate surface, in particular for materials whose absorption coefficient is highly temperature-dependent.
- the deep heating in conjunction with the cooling promotes strong and well-localized stress fields, which promote a precise crack propagation.
- Favorable distances to the surface can e.g. are in the range of 50 ⁇ to 500 ⁇ , in particular in the range of 100 ⁇ to 400 ⁇ .
- This focussing of a non-meltable laser beam inside the workpiece is considered to be an independently useful aspect for all TLS processes, even those in which the parting line was formed on the surface in the previous step.
- the apparatus for carrying out the method accordingly has a first laser device, with which the one or more lines of modified material can be produced in the workpiece, a second laser device, which is designed for thermal laser beam separation of the workpiece along the parting lines, and a controller, the activates the first and the second laser beam device for carrying out the method.
- the first laser device has means for changing the focal position of the laser beam in the depth of the workpiece (z-direction).
- the controller is designed such that it controls the first laser device or the means for changing the focus position by varying the focus position for generating the one or more lines at a varying distance from the surface in the workpiece.
- the device also comprises a cooling device, with which the surface of the workpiece can be locally exposed to a cooling medium during thermal laser beam separation along the parting lines.
- a cooling medium for example, water, a water-air mixture, air, C0 2 or N 2 can be used and are directed via a spray nozzle on the surface of the workpiece to cause in combination with the laser beam required for the separation of mechanical stresses in the workpiece , Other cooling media can be used.
- the controller may in this case have different operating modes in order to control the first laser device for generating different courses of the separating lines in accordance with the different embodiments of the proposed method.
- the method and the device can be used for the separation of flat brittle workpieces in a variety of technical fields, in particular for the separation of components that are produced on thin substrates or slices.
- semiconductor wafers of different compositions can be separated with regard to the substrate material and to the layer stack to be separated.
- substrates in question which can also be processed with the known methods of the prior art.
- mono- and multicrystalline semiconductors compound semiconductors, amorphous semiconductors for use in photovoltaics u.a.
- systems with combined electrical, mechanical, chemical and / or biological components eg.
- MEMS microelectromechanical systems
- NEMS nanoelectromechanical systems
- the method can be used, for example, in the manufacture of displays, tiles, etc.
- the method and apparatus are not limited to the above exemplified applications.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a portion of a substrate with components in plan view
- FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a portion of a substrate in which a sinusoidal line is generated according to the proposed method
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic cross-sectional representation through two exemplary components or sections with a material modified according to the method
- FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a portion of a substrate in which several (in the example two) line segments of modified material have been produced according to the proposed method;
- FIG. 5 shows a further schematic cross-sectional illustration of a section of a substrate in which several (in the example two) line segments of modified material have been produced according to the proposed method
- Fig. 6 is a schematic view of an embodiment of a device for separating flat workpieces into sections and Figs. 6B to 6D show detailed views;
- FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a processing for forming superimposed lines of modified material
- FIG. 8 shows a focusing of the second laser beam in the interior of the workpiece for heating during thermal laser separation
- FIG. 9 shows detailed views of a second laser processing for heating the workpiece during thermal laser separation at successive points in time.
- FIG. 1 shows a plan view of a detail of a substrate 1 with chips 101 to be separated as components in order to clarify the terms occurring here.
- the scoring frame 102 in addition to the chips 101, the scoring frame 102, the scoring frame width 103, the parting line (kerf) 104, the parting line width 105 and the movement directions 203, 204 (X and Y directions) are also indicated when performing the parting steps.
- FIG. 2 shows a cross section through a corresponding substrate 1 which is to be singulated into individual sections or components. The proposed method uses two separate processing steps. In the first step, one or more lines 2 are modified.
- the line 2 of modified material produced by the laser beam 5 has a sinusoidally varying distance from the surface of the substrate 1 and also a corresponding distance from the rear side.
- a minimum distance 4 to the surface and a minimum distance 3 to the back of the substrate 1 are maintained.
- the variation of the distance is generated by changing the depth position of the focus 6 of the laser beam 5 in the substrate 1.
- the minimum distances 3, 4 can also be zero in the proposed method, so that the line 2 can also extend in sections on the surface and / or back of the substrate 1.
- a profile on the surface is preferably produced only at specific locations, for example, for the initiation of the crack or at crossing points of parting lines in order not to impair the quality of the component edges of the separated components by this material modification.
- FIG. 3 shows an example in which the distance function of the generated line 2 runs periodically from the surface and is adapted to the dimensions of the components 7 to be separated.
- FIG. 3 shows a cross section through two exemplary components 7 of a substrate. The course of the line 2 is in this case chosen so that the line 2 is located at the respective edges or edge zones of the components 7 on the surface, while extending therebetween in the depth.
- start or end points 8 of the respective line for locating and guiding the TLS crack during the singulation of the components 7 are thus selected here on the surface.
- FIG. 4 shows a further example of a possible course of the lines 2 in the substrate 1.
- two lines 2 that follow each other along the dividing line are generated, which overlap in a region 9 by a specific value.
- the overlap is realized by the different distance of the two, in this example curved, lines 2 from the surface in the overlapping region 9.
- FIG. 5 shows a further example of a variant of lines 2 bent in this example, which in this case do not overlap but instead have a corresponding distance 10 from each other in the direction of the respective dividing line.
- the TLS process is carried out in order to completely separate the substrate (Cleave step). This is done by thermally induced mechanical stresses, which are introduced by a combination of a further laser and cooling along the dividing line.
- a pulsed Nd: YAG laser having an average power of 1.2 W can be used.
- a Yb: YAG CW laser with a cw laser power of 130 W and a feed rate of 250 mm / s can then be used.
- FIG. 6 shows in partial FIG. 6A a schematic view of a device 600 for separating a flat workpiece 1 into several sections.
- the device is constructed in the manner of a production line and comprises a plurality of successively to be traversed by the workpiece processing equipment, in each of which temporally successive different processing steps are performed on the workpiece.
- a pretreatment device PRE is configured to perform at least one pretreatment step prior to the above-mentioned first step (for producing lines of modified material), by means of material located in the region of the scribe frames on the surface of the workpiece in the region of one or more provided predetermined parting lines
- a metallization and / or PCM structures can be eliminated and / or optionally the surface for coupling the laser beam in the subsequent first step can still be prepared.
- the pretreatment may e.g. a smoothing of the substrate surface by means of local remelting, which is also referred to herein as "laser polishing" ren.
- the workpiece is transported to the subsequent first laser processing device DS, in which the first step for producing the at least one line LM modified material is performed. Since this line is generated at least partially below the surface S of the workpiece 1 at a certain depth in the interior of the material, the device is also referred to as a deep-scribe device (abbreviated DS).
- This device contains the first laser device L1, with which one or more lines LM of modified material can be guided along one or more predetermined material by local material processing by means of the laser beam 5 through the surface S of the workpiece 1. Bener dividing lines in the workpiece can be generated. The laser processing is done here so that a reduction of the breaking stress of the workpiece along the dividing lines is caused by the lines of modified material.
- the workpiece is then transported to the subsequent device configured for thermal laser beam separation, also referred to herein as TLS device TLS.
- the TLS device comprises a second laser device L2, which is designed for thermal laser beam separation of the workpiece along the parting lines, and a cooling device CL, with which the surface of the workpiece during thermal laser beam separation along the parting lines can locally be subjected to a cooling medium so that thermally induced mechanical stresses build up in the workpiece due to the temperature differences, which lead to a precise crack of the workpiece material along the predetermined parting lines.
- Each of these devices is connected to a controller ST, which controls the individual process steps according to the specification of the process.
- the laser device L0 of the pretreatment device PRE is designed so that by means of the laser beam 50 a selective laser ablation of materials takes place on the surface S of the workpiece in the region of the scribe frames 102, such as PCM structures PCM and / or a metallization.
- a divergence modifier DIV0 and a subsequent converging lens LS0 are configured so that the laser beam 50 is focused on the structures to be removed on the surface (FIG. 6B).
- the beam properties of the laser beam are set so that the ablation threshold AS2 for the material to be removed on the surface is markedly exceeded while the ablation threshold AS1 for the material of the workpiece 1 is clearly undershot (FIG. 6C).
- the scoring frame 102 ie the area between the desired structures on the sections 101, or at least a defined part of the scoring frames, can be cleaned.
- the surface may also be modified to promote a better coupling of the laser in the subsequent first step.
- the pretreatment laser used is preferably a short-pulse laser, in particular a nanosecond laser, picosecond laser or a femtosecond laser.
- the laser wavelength is preferably chosen so that the laser radiation is practically not absorbed in the workpiece material, but there is high absorption in the material of the layers or structures lying thereon.
- a local remelting of the substrate material takes place.
- This pretreatment process which is also referred to here as "laser polishing”
- laser polishing can be advantageous, for example, in the case of very rough surfaces, at which a coupling of the laser beam in the downstream DS station, ie when producing the lines of modified material, due to the large Smoothing by means of remelting can reduce the short-term roughness and thus enables better coupling and / or less diffuse scattering
- Typical remelting depths may in some cases amount to a few ⁇ m, for example up to 5 ⁇ m , but possibly also be significantly larger, for example up to several hundred micrometers, for example 200 ⁇ .
- the deep scribe device DS with the first laser device L1 arranged downstream of the pretreatment device in the direction of the material flow serves to produce the lines LM of modified material.
- the laser beam must be focused so that the lines extend over more or less extended long regions at a distance below the surface S within the material of the workpiece 1 at a predetermined depth.
- means are provided for changing the focal position of the laser beam 5 in the depth of the workpiece.
- these means comprise a variably adjustable divergence modifier DIV1 and a subsequent converging lens L1.
- the condenser lens is stationary, so it does not have to be moved.
- variable divergence modifier DIV1 is configured to change the divergence of the beam emerging in the convergent lens L1 in accordance with control signals of the controller ST.
- An increase in the divergence leads to a lower focal position compared to smaller divergence angles or a parallel radiation incidence.
- Other methods of changing the focus position described in this application are also possible.
- this sub-process is controlled so that the line LM modified material, ie a damage track for cracking, approximately in the upper third of the workpiece (seen from the surface S) is formed, in particular in a depth range of a distance D1 between 30 ⁇ and 150 ⁇ from the surface S corresponds.
- the distance D1 to the surface S is, for example, between 40 and 60 ⁇ m, it can generally be ensured that the crack remains inside the material during the deep scribe step and does not exit upwards to the surface.
- the depth is low enough to ensure that the crack is formed and remains at the correct location within the thermal stress field of the thermal laser separation during subsequent thermal laser separation.
- many lines LM of modified material may be brought onto or into the substrate, which inevitably intersect in the area of crossing points when viewed from above (see FIG. 1).
- intersection points can potentially take more damage because they are processed there at least twice or irradiated by a laser, in some variants it is intended to specify the depth of the lines such that the lines of one direction and the other, transverse to it in direction Area of crossing points located at different depths.
- the second step takes place, namely the separation of the workpiece along separation lines by thermal laser beam separation.
- the second laser device L2 uses a laser beam 60 whose wavelength, energy and intensity are selected so that the workpiece material is not modified by the laser beam, in particular not melted, but only a localized heating of the workpiece material in a heating zone HZ (FIG. 6D, view of the workpiece surface from above).
- the workpiece material in the near-surface region is locally cooled in the region of a cooling zone CZ by means of the cooling device CL.
- the cooling device has a coolant nozzle CD, by means of which a fluid cooling medium can be sprayed or blown onto the workpiece surface S.
- a coolant for example, a mixture of cooling gas (for example, air) and water droplets can be used.
- a special feature of the TLS unit TLS is that the distance HC between the center of the heating zone and the center of the cooling zone can be adjusted continuously, for example in a distance range of about 1 mm to 5 mm, possibly also above or below. This is realized, for example, in that the coolant nozzle CD can be displaced linearly by means of an adjusting device with respect to the laser device L2 and locked at different positions.
- the properties of the thermal stress field can be optimally adapted to process parameters of the separation process, such as feed rate of the workpiece, workpiece material, etc.
- Further variants of the first step, namely the generation of modified lines, within the workpiece material will be explained with reference to FIG. Shown is the last, stationary mounted lens L1 and the upstream of this divergence modifier DIV1, which allows a continuous adjustment of the beam divergence.
- the last, stationary mounted lens L1 and the upstream of this divergence modifier DIV1 which allows a continuous adjustment of the beam divergence.
- several lines modified material vertically above each other along a dividing line are generated to determine the course of the parting plane perpendicular to the surface S during subsequent thermal laser separation.
- the first laser beam device is adjusted so that the laser beam is focused through the surface S into a plane in a first focus F1 that lies below the surface at a distance D1 of, for example, 40 to 60 ⁇ m, around a first line LM 1 modified material to produce.
- This runs over most of its length approximately parallel to the surface S and can run in edge zones to the surface.
- marginal zones can also be regions which only later become a marginal zone of a segment due to the separation in the orthogonal direction.
- a second operating mode the same region of the scribe frame is traversed a second time along the desired separation line, the segment exiting from the divergence modifier DIV1 Is set with higher divergence, so that the plane of the second focus F2 of the laser beam is then located at a greater depth within the material, at a depth distance D2 from the first line LM1.
- vertical distances D2 of the order of 200 ⁇ m or more are sufficient to ensure that during the subsequent thermal laser separation, the crack runs largely exactly in the desired separation plane along the dividing line.
- an advantage of the thermal laser separation is used, which is that the crack propagation substantially perpendicular to the workpiece surface is favored by the highly localized stress fields in the material, so that relatively large distances between lines of damage are sufficient to specify the desired parting plane.
- first the lower lying line LM2 and then the lying closer to the surface line LM 1 is generated.
- three or more than three lines in depth can be created superimposed.
- pretreatment step production of lines modified material (first laser processing step (deep scribe) by first laser processing device DS) and subsequent thermal laser separation (TLS) for each of the entire substrate are Other procedures and system configurations possible.
- the modules for the pre-treatment step (PRE), the production of lines of modified material (DS) and the thermal laser separation are connected in immediate succession so that these steps are carried out in succession along a separation line before the next, parallel or perpendicular separation line is processed . It would be possible to combine the modules in a combination module, so that for each dicing step (separation step) all operations are carried out in direct succession. It is also possible to do this only with individual modules, for example by combining only the pretreatment device (PRE) and the device DS for generating the lines of modified material to form a combination module.
- a laser source can be saved by dividing the laser beam emitted by a common laser source by means of a beam splitting device into a first partial beam for the pretreatment of the surface and a second partial beam for producing the lines of modified material.
- a beam splitting may also be provided within a single module, for example to produce during the pretreatment and / or in the first laser processing step two or more sub-beams that process the substrate synchronously along mutually parallel separation lines.
- the step of thermal laser separation in many cases must be slower or at a lower feed rate than the preceding steps, in particular the first laser processing step, it can be provided to a first laser processing device two or more temporally parallel operable second laser processing devices and subsequent cooling devices and distribute the substrates after completion of the first laser processing step by means of a distribution device to the subsequent TLS stations.
- the wavelength of the second laser beam adapted to the material of the workpiece is to be selected so that sufficient absorption occurs in the material, so that the material is heated. Wavelengths around 1070 nm, for example, have proven particularly suitable for the processing of silicon. In general, it seems expedient to choose laser wavelengths for heating semiconductor materials whose energy is slightly less than the band gap of the respective Material.
- the second laser beam 60 is preferably focused such that the interface between the laser beam and the surface S lies completely within the scribe frame with lateral safety distance to the adjacent structures STR of the sections, so that they are not hit by the laser beam.
- the area of greatest energy density ie the focus area
- the heated zone extends to greater depths than in the case of a focus on the surface. It can thereby be achieved that the desired thermally induced stress field also extends within the material to greater depths than when focusing on the surface. This, in turn, makes it possible to better control the course of the crack plane (ideally perpendicular to the surface) than in the case of heating only near the surface.
- Focusing the laser beam in the interior of the workpiece in the second step allows generation of the desired heating from the interior of the workpiece toward the surface.
- the heating in deeper zones with greater distance from the surface is possible with a focus in the interior of the workpiece material even in those workpieces whose workpiece material has a strong temperature-dependent absorption coefficient for the laser beam of the second step.
- the penetration depth of the laser beam changes with increasing temperature or increasing irradiation time.
- FIG. 9 schematically shows a section of the workpiece at different times during the irradiation for heating the workpiece material. At the time t- ⁇ at the beginning of the heating phase, the largest proportion of heat in the region of the focus within the material is formed at a large distance from the surface.
- the absorption of the workpiece material increases, so that the penetration depth of the laser beam at a later time t 2 > ti is already reduced.
- the laser beam can hardly penetrate into the material due to the further increased absorption. In this way it can be achieved that even without machine-side adjustment of the focus position, the workpiece is sufficiently heated in the intended separation area to greater depths to produce a reaching into the depth of the material stress field.
- both circular and elliptical, square or non-square oblong rectangular beam cross sections can be used.
- This variant may, regardless of the other features of the invention described in this application, also be advantageous in other methods of thermal laser separation and is regarded as an independent invention.
- this procedure can also be used in the heating, if in the previous first Step the lines of damaged material were created only along the surface of the workpiece.
- the machined workpiece can be cleaned with the now separated sections in a cleaning operation.
- the surface can be blown out by means of compressed air or another pressurized gas to eliminate any residues. It is also possible to turn the workpiece as a whole quickly to clean the surface using centrifugal forces. These measures can be combined.
- the proposed method has numerous advantages over the known methods of stealth dicing (SD) and the hitherto known laser laser thermal separation (TLS) with a scribe line along the surface of the workpiece, as can be seen from the following table:
- substrate thickness substrate thickness
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Abstract
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Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP14738777.3A EP3024617A2 (de) | 2013-07-23 | 2014-07-01 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur trennung eines flachen werkstücks in mehrere teilstücke |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2013/002191 WO2015010706A1 (de) | 2013-07-23 | 2013-07-23 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur trennung eines flachen werkstücks in mehrere teilstücke |
| EP14738777.3A EP3024617A2 (de) | 2013-07-23 | 2014-07-01 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur trennung eines flachen werkstücks in mehrere teilstücke |
| PCT/EP2014/063972 WO2015010862A2 (de) | 2013-07-23 | 2014-07-01 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur trennung eines flachen werkstücks in mehrere teilstücke |
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| EP3024617A2 true EP3024617A2 (de) | 2016-06-01 |
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| EP14738777.3A Withdrawn EP3024617A2 (de) | 2013-07-23 | 2014-07-01 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur trennung eines flachen werkstücks in mehrere teilstücke |
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Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US20120255935A1 (en) * | 2011-02-09 | 2012-10-11 | National University Corporation Okayama University | Laser processing method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US20120255935A1 (en) * | 2011-02-09 | 2012-10-11 | National University Corporation Okayama University | Laser processing method |
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