EP2994552A1 - High performing aluminium component with a surface coating suitable for thermal radiation applications - Google Patents
High performing aluminium component with a surface coating suitable for thermal radiation applicationsInfo
- Publication number
- EP2994552A1 EP2994552A1 EP14795185.9A EP14795185A EP2994552A1 EP 2994552 A1 EP2994552 A1 EP 2994552A1 EP 14795185 A EP14795185 A EP 14795185A EP 2994552 A1 EP2994552 A1 EP 2994552A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- max
- coating
- aluminium component
- aluminium
- degreasing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000000873 masking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000019612 pigmentation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006397 acrylic thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000003483 aging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
- ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)C=C ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B15/08—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/18—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives
- B32B27/20—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives using fillers, pigments, thixotroping agents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/38—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising epoxy resins
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
- C22C21/08—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent with silicon
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/02—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of metals or alloys
- H01B1/023—Alloys based on aluminium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/20—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular electrical or magnetic properties, e.g. piezoelectric
- B32B2307/202—Conductive
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2457/00—Electrical equipment
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a high performing aluminium component such as busbars and other electrical conductors and heat sinks with a surface coating suitable for thermal radiation, a method for preparation and application of the coating on the components.
- the current rating of a busbar is limited by the maximum ambient temperature and the maximum permitted working temperature.
- heat is generated in the bar due to the electrical resistance, and the heat is evacuated or tapped from the bar by convection and radiation.
- an alloy with reduced electrical resistivity in combination with a high emissivity coating will improve the performance of electrical conductors.
- performance may be increased by providing ribs, corrugations or other surface modifications which enhances convection and thereby increase heat transfer. The result should be the smallest possible bar size. As energy costs rise, it is worth considering the lifetime cost of a busbar system, including capital cost and the cost of waste energy.
- Aluminium can substitute copper in many new application for electrical conductors.
- the increased copper prize increase the market pull for aluminium conductors and busbars.
- busbars thermal conductivity is very important due to the maximum limit on operational temperature.
- General known requirements as regards he maximum temperature limits for bus bars are in the range of 140 and 105°C.
- a high performing aluminium component suitable for thermal radiation applications such as aluminium busbars or heat sinks with high emissivity.
- Fig. 3 shows an alternative bus bar design with serrated surface in the form of longitudinal ribs.
- Standard black powder coating typically has an emissivity from 0.84 to 0.88.
- the emissivity is influenced by the binder system, pigmentation and the surface roughness. As is indicated above, black matt coatings have higher emissivity then black and glossy surfaces.
- the pigmentation of a black powder coating for interior applications can apply all types of pigments and binder systems since it is not affected by solar radiation or corrosive environment.
- the coating may be a dry powder coating type or wet type coating containing black pigments.
- the coating may be a thermosetting or thermoplastic polymer such as polyester or polyurethane, polyester epoxy, straight epoxy or acrylics.
- the coating may be any polymer based type such as an acrylic polymer coating, polyester resin type or polyurethane type.
- Figs. 1 and 2 shows respectively in perspective view and cross section, a busbar 1 of aluminium with a coating 2 according to the invention.
- the aluminium busbar is preferably made by extrusion of an age hardening 6000 aluminium alloy with high electrical conductivity and yield strength in the range from 100 to 180MPa.
- EC 6000 and EC 1000 each containing by weight %:
- the electrical conductivity can be increased by reducing the content of elements like Fe, Cu, Mn, Cr, Zn, Ti and V in a standard 6101 aluminium alloy and the above selected alloy lies within the desired electrical conductivity level.
- Such process may include the following process steps:
- the busbar will be held or stored at required temperature for some time to cure (dry or harden etc.) the coating.
- the tape will then finally removed after the coating has been cured / dried. .
- a temperature rise test has documented that the total effect of the selected alloy and use of the high emissivity black powder according to the invention was -10°K, or 7% performance improvement.
- Fig. 3 shows an alternative bus bar 5 where performance is increased by providing ribs 6, which enhances convection and thereby increase heat transfer.
- Other designs may also be provided such as corrugations, dents or other surface modifications.
- the bus bar may as well, as in the former example shown in Figs. 1 and 2 be provided with an uncoated part 7 in the longitudinal or transversal direction.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Conductive Materials (AREA)
Abstract
High performing aluminium component with a surface coating suitable for thermal radiation applications such as aluminium busbars, other electrical conductors and heat sinks. The coating is a polymer based coating with carbon pigments having an emissivity higher than 0,90. Further the aluminium component is manufactured on the basis of an alloy with one of the following two compositions: Type: EC 6000 EC 1000 Si 0,3 - 0,6 0,15 max Fe 0,1- 0,3 0,30 max Cu 0,01 max 0,01 max Mn 0,005 max 0,010 max Mg 0,3 - 0,6 0,02 max Cr 0,005 max 0,005 max Zn 0,02 max 0,02 max Ti 0,01 max 0003 max V 0,005 max 0,01 Omax B 0,010 max Others each 0,02 max 0,02 max Others total 0,10 max 0,01 Omax
Description
High performing aluminium component with a surface coating suitable for thermal radiation applications
The present invention relates to a high performing aluminium component such as busbars and other electrical conductors and heat sinks with a surface coating suitable for thermal radiation, a method for preparation and application of the coating on the components.
The current rating of a busbar is limited by the maximum ambient temperature and the maximum permitted working temperature. In use, heat is generated in the bar due to the electrical resistance, and the heat is evacuated or tapped from the bar by convection and radiation. Hence, an alloy with reduced electrical resistivity in combination with a high emissivity coating will improve the performance of electrical conductors. In addition performance may be increased by providing ribs, corrugations or other surface modifications which enhances convection and thereby increase heat transfer. The result should be the smallest possible bar size. As energy costs rise, it is worth considering the lifetime cost of a busbar system, including capital cost and the cost of waste energy.
Aluminium can substitute copper in many new application for electrical conductors. The increased copper prize increase the market pull for aluminium conductors and busbars.
With high thermal radiation from a conductor the temperature of the conductor is reduced and the conductivity is improved at the lower temperature. It is commonly known that black matt surfaces are better at radiating heat than bright and shiny metal surfaces, and that is why coating is sometimes suggested. The efficiency of radiation is
the emissivity of the surface and the total surface area per volume. Theoretically, for a perfect radiator (matt black), the emissivity is 1 and for a perfect reflector, emissivity is zero. Thus, the thermal radiation is governed by the emissivity of the surface of the conductor.
Aluminium metal has a very low emissivity, typical ε = 0.06 for untreated aluminium. But the emissivity changes very rapidly by surface treatment of aluminium (see table below). High emissivity will give high radiation heat loss.
As to busbars, thermal conductivity is very important due to the maximum limit on operational temperature. General known requirements as regards he maximum temperature limits for bus bars are in the range of 140 and 105°C.
With the present invention is provided a high performing aluminium component suitable for thermal radiation applications such as aluminium busbars or heat sinks with high emissivity. Further is provided an aluminium component with improved electrical and thermal conductivity based on the combination of selected alloy quality and improved thermal radiation by surface treatment including the inventive coating and serrated profile design.
The invention will be further described in the following by way of example and with reference to the attached figures where:
Fig. 1 shows a longitudinal view of part of a busbar according to the invention provided with a coating according to the invention,
Fig. 2 shows a cross sections a) with a tape and b) with a copper deposition of the same busbar as is shown in Fig. 1 .
Fig. 3 shows an alternative bus bar design with serrated surface in the form of longitudinal ribs.
Standard black powder coating typically has an emissivity from 0.84 to 0.88. The emissivity is influenced by the binder system, pigmentation and the surface roughness. As is indicated above, black matt coatings have higher emissivity then black and glossy surfaces.
The pigmentation of a black powder coating for interior applications can apply all types of pigments and binder systems since it is not affected by solar radiation or corrosive environment.
By selecting and applying carbon pigments with high emissivity it has, according to the invention, proved possible to develop powder coatings with emissivity larger than the current 0.90.
The coating may be a dry powder coating type or wet type coating containing black pigments. In turn if the coating is dry, it may be a thermosetting or thermoplastic polymer such as polyester or polyurethane, polyester epoxy, straight epoxy or acrylics. On the other hand, if wet, the, coating may be any polymer based type such as an acrylic polymer coating, polyester resin type or polyurethane type.
Figs. 1 and 2 shows respectively in perspective view and cross section, a busbar 1 of aluminium with a coating 2 according to the invention. The aluminium busbar is preferably made by extrusion of an age hardening 6000 aluminium alloy with high electrical conductivity and yield strength in the range from 100 to 180MPa. For electrical
conductors with lower requirements on mechanical strength it is an alternative to use a high purity 1000 aluminium alloy. (EC 6000 and EC 1000 each containing by weight %:
Type: EC 6000 EC 1000
Si 0,3 - 0,6 0,15 max
Fe 0,1 - 0,3 0,30 max
Cu 0,01 max 0,01 max
Mn 0,005 max 0,010 max
Mg 0,3 - 0,6 0,02 max
Cr 0,005 max 0,005 max
Zn 0,02 max 0,02 max
Ti 0,01 max 0003 max
V 0,005 max 0,010max
B 0,010 max
Others each 0,02 max 0,02 max
Others total 0,10 max 0,010max
It has been documented that the electrical conductivity can be increased by reducing the content of elements like Fe, Cu, Mn, Cr, Zn, Ti and V in a standard 6101 aluminium alloy and the above selected alloy lies within the desired electrical conductivity level.
As can be seen in the example shown in Figs. 1 and 2, part of the bus bar is un-coated in the longitudinal direction to obtain good connectivity with electrical components and connections.
This is done as follows:
After extrusion, the extruded profile 1 is preferably subjected to mild degreasing before being provided with a masking tape 3 (see Fig 2 a) in its longitudinal direction. The tape may be applied without degreasing, but mild degreasing is preferred to obtain improved adhesion. The purpose of the tape, which should be chemical and temperature
resistant, is to keep the masked part of the busbar surface free from further treatment and coating, thereby obtaining good connectivity with electrical components and connections.
After masking the un-masked part of the busbar is subjected to further degreasing and surface treatment. Such process may include the following process steps:
1. Degreasing , preferred alkaline degreasing
2. Rinsing.
3. Etching / neutralisation / desmutting, an acid process step if the degreasing is alkaline
4. Rinsing.
5. Passivation preferred in no-chromate processes for improved adhesion and corrosion protection.
6. Rinsing.
7. Drying with hot air typical in a small furnace.
After surface treatment, the un-masked surface of the busbar is provided with the high emissivity coating according to the invention. The coating may be applied to the busbar surface by spray, dip or rolling with a wet lacquer or by electrostatic or tribiostatic application using powder coating, as stated above.
Depending on type of coating, the busbar will be held or stored at required temperature for some time to cure (dry or harden etc.) the coating. The tape will then finally removed after the coating has been cured / dried. .
Masking of the busbar with tape before coating represents a cheap alternative to the costly machining process used today.
A temperature rise test has documented that the total effect of the selected alloy and use of the high emissivity black powder according to the invention was -10°K, or 7% performance improvement.
Fig. 3 shows an alternative bus bar 5 where performance is increased by providing ribs 6, which enhances convection and thereby increase heat transfer. Other designs may
also be provided such as corrugations, dents or other surface modifications. The bus bar may as well, as in the former example shown in Figs. 1 and 2 be provided with an uncoated part 7 in the longitudinal or transversal direction.
Claims
Claims
High performing aluminium component with a surface coating suitable for thermal radiation applications such as aluminium busbars, other electrical conductors and heat sinks,
characterised in that
the coating is a polymer based coating with carbon pigments having an emissivity higher than 0,90 and that the aluminium component is manufactured on the basis of an alloy with one of the following two compositions:
Type: EC 6000 EC 1000
Si 0,3-0,6 0,15 max
Fe 0,1-0,3 0,30 max
Cu 0,01 max 0,01 max
Mn 0,005 max 0,010 max
Mg 0,3-0,6 0,02 max
Cr 0,005 max 0,005 max
Zn 0,02 max 0,02 max
Ti 0,01 max 0003 max
V 0,005 max 0,010max
B 0,010 max
Others each 0,02 max 0,02 max
Others total 0,10 max 0,01 Omax
2. Aluminium component according to claim 1 ,
characterised in that
the coating is a dry powder type based on a thermoplastic or thermoset type polymer.
3. Aluminium component according to claim 1 ,
characterised in that
the coating is a lacquer is a wet type polymer. Aluminium component according to claims 1-3,
characterised in that
part of the bus bar is un-coated in the longitudinal direction to obtain good connectivity with electrical components and connections.
5 Aluminium component according to claims 1-4,
characterised in that
part of the bus bar is provided with ribs, corrugations or other surface
modifications which enhances convection, thereby increasing heat transfer.
6. Method of manufacturing an aluminium component according to the previous claims where the component is a busbar made from an extruded profile, characterised in that
the extruded profile (1) preferably is subjected to mild degreasing before being provided with a masking tape (3) in its longitudinal direction.
7. Method according to claim 6,
characterised in that
after masking the un-masked part of the busbar is subjected to further pre- treatment steps as follows:
a. degreasing , preferably based on alkaline degreasing
b. rinsing
c. etching / neutralisation / desmutting, and including an acid process step if the degreasing according to step a. is alkaline
d. rinsing
e. passivation preferred is no-chromate processes for improved
adhesion and corrosion protection
rinsing
drying with hot air typical in a small furnace
8. Method according to claim 6,
characterised in that
the coating is a polymer based coating with carbon pigments having an emissivity higher than 0,90 9. Method according to claim 6,
characterised in that
the coating is a dry powder type based on a thermoplastic or thermoset type polymer.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO20130651 | 2013-05-06 | ||
| PCT/NO2014/000028 WO2014182174A1 (en) | 2013-05-06 | 2014-04-08 | High performing aluminium component with a surface coating suitable for thermal radiation applications |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2994552A1 true EP2994552A1 (en) | 2016-03-16 |
| EP2994552A4 EP2994552A4 (en) | 2017-01-18 |
Family
ID=51867541
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP14795185.9A Withdrawn EP2994552A4 (en) | 2013-05-06 | 2014-04-08 | High performing aluminium component with a surface coating suitable for thermal radiation applications |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2994552A4 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2014182174A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2545446B (en) | 2015-12-16 | 2018-08-22 | Ge Aviat Systems Ltd | Power distribution connector |
| WO2017124428A1 (en) * | 2016-01-22 | 2017-07-27 | Abb 瑞士股份有限公司 | Metal coating copper bar and electrical equipment |
| CN107274955A (en) * | 2017-06-12 | 2017-10-20 | 合肥铭佑高温技术有限公司 | A kind of wire conductor and its production technology for Equipment for Heating Processing |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3383188A (en) * | 1965-09-27 | 1968-05-14 | Olin Mathieson | Aluminum conductors |
| FR2313748A1 (en) * | 1975-06-06 | 1976-12-31 | Trefimetaux | Electric conductors made of aluminium contg. magnesium and silicon - and possessing optimum combination of strength, ductility and conductivity |
| GB2382871B (en) * | 2001-12-08 | 2005-03-02 | Seco Aluminium Ltd | Heating/Cooling system for railway carriages |
| US7601425B2 (en) * | 2003-03-07 | 2009-10-13 | The Curators Of The University Of Missouri | Corrosion resistant coatings containing carbon |
| JP4914014B2 (en) * | 2005-03-07 | 2012-04-11 | 住友軽金属工業株式会社 | Pre-coated aluminum alloy plate with excellent heat dissipation |
| DE102007023672A1 (en) * | 2007-05-22 | 2008-11-27 | Institut für Luft- und Kältetechnik gGmbH | Compact condenser for e.g. house-hold refrigerator, has band-like extruded section pipe having breadth that is double thickness of pipe, and two channels that are separated from each other and run parallel to each other |
| JP5105483B2 (en) * | 2008-09-19 | 2012-12-26 | 古河スカイ株式会社 | Resin coated aluminum plate |
| KR101055657B1 (en) * | 2011-06-03 | 2011-08-09 | (주)시그너스시스템 | Polymer coated aluminum busbar and switchgear having the same |
-
2014
- 2014-04-08 EP EP14795185.9A patent/EP2994552A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2014-04-08 WO PCT/NO2014/000028 patent/WO2014182174A1/en not_active Ceased
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2014182174A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP2994552A4 (en) | 2017-01-18 |
| WO2014182174A1 (en) | 2014-11-13 |
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